H R CH’OMA-BONGCAMPJUNE 20,RESTRICTED NO. 2019 25 AREA HHRR N K NNKK North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is North Korea’s Long-termUpdate 2the end of theRe-education Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 through Laborof other kwan-li-so Camp, the physical characteristics ob -(Kyo-hwa-so) No. 4 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that atNorth Korean Kangdong officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, Joseph S. Bermudez, Jr., Greg Scarlatoiu, measuredAmanda approximately Mortwedt 577 meters by Oh,sion cablesand that Rosa run from the Park camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective THE COMMITTEE It would FOR national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] H R HUMAN RIGHTS IN NORTH KOREAhouses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air ีዽၨ૟၁원회 arrested while attempting to cross the border LocationN andK Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike.HRNK Imagery Analysiswishes of Camp to thank16, (Washington, Ishimaru Jirotheir (Asiaalleged crimes Press) are of fora political generously nature. The sharingNational Unification, ground 2015), imagery p. 122, available of Kyo-hwa-soat almost No.certainly 4, Bobby provides Holt no support for to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Koreahis [HRNK], peer 2015) review available atof https://www.hrnk. this report and comments,those serving terms and of 10 Allenyears or longer, Anderson but for his gracious support of HRNK’sCamp efforts No. 25. to document North org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdfKorea’s vast and system Bermudez ofJr., Joseph unlawful imprisonment.these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2019 by theANALYSIS, Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Copyright © 2019 by DigitalGlobe, NextView License3 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KANGDONG 25 AREA H R N K N K North Korea: ImageryNORTH KOREA’SAnalysis LONG-TERMof Camp No. 25 - Update 2 PRISON-LABOR FACILITY (KYO-HWA-SO) AT KANGDONG

analysis also supports escapee and other BackgroundPrisons Bureau of the State Security prisonerlocated on testimony the south bank on theof the situa Sol- - Executivesquare yards) Summary and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the tiongol-ch’ŏn inside (i.e., political Solgol stream) prison across camps from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light Chinaindustry and agriculture. Despite InSpecifically, February it 2014,is under the the United control of the (kwan-li-sofoot and two) roadand bridges re-education connect it. This(765 report yards by is 344 part yards) of a andcomprehen encom- - extensive satellite imagery coverage NationsSSD's North Commission Hamgyong Provincial of Inquiry through labor camps (kyo-hwa-so) sivepassed long-term 15.30 hectares project (181,987 undertaken square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently onBureau Human and is Rights located inapproximately North Korea continue25 is unclear. to yieldOne report new indicatesinformation that byyards) HRNK (Figure to use 1, Figure satellite 2). imagery unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- (UN COI) found the Democrat- onthe the camp DPRK was usedpractice as a prisoner-of-war of impris- toHigh-resolution shed light on satellite human imagery suffering from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, ic People’s Republic of Korea’s oningcamp housingpeople Southit deems Korean anti-state, soldiers at inJanuary North 18, Korea 2003, by through monitoring September ac - prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is (DPRK’s or North Korea’s) polit- anti-nation,the end of the or Korean anti-regime. War.5 This, HRNK how- tivity21, 2015, at prison indicates facilities that the camp through has - As with the analytical caution presented ical prison camps to be places foundever, remains over twenty to be verified potential as it may not outexpanded the nation. during This this period study and details that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and wheredescriptions the ofmost this facility’s egregious mission matches crimes that re-educationrather to an activity through in this labor area. The camps area activityon agriculture observed and light during industry the (Figure past 3 South of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp againstserved in humanitysatellite imagery are are more being representative insidein which the it is DPRK, located recently has been docuinvolved- 15through years Figureat a prison 15). facility identi- 14 produced by HRNKKorea and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony committed, including extermi- mentedin agricultural in our activities October since 2017 at least report the fiedSeveral by smallescapees villages and and researchersmilitary Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The nation; murder; enslavement; The1950s. Parallel Satellite Gulag imagery. These does indicatecamps asfacilities “Kyo-hwa-so are located No. in the 4, generalKangdong” area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Location: torture;Committee imprisonment; for Human Rights in North rape Korea, and 2012, exist and function in addition to (39.008838°around the camp. 126.153277°) The camp is andconnected en- those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it Chaek-kol, Kangdong-gun, www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, other grave sexual violence; and sixoccupied operational an irregular political shaped prison area that deavors to establish a preliminary P’yŏngyang-si lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of persecutionCamp No. 25 this on way, political, religious, camps— Nos. 14, 15, 16, 18, 25, and baseline report of the facility. measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, CenterPoint Coordinates: and genderIt is not structured grounds. as a village Such but is acrimes fenced Choma-bong315 meters (631 Restrictedyards by 344 Area. yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp 39.008838° N, 126.153277° E were “found by the UN COI to encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 Forto thethis southeast. report HRNK It is connected analyzed to the 18 their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would rise to the level of crimes against Since the 2014 UN COI report, high-resolutionnational rail network pan-sharpened via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] Date of Report: humanityhouses political in both prisoners the only, kwan-li-so while those who therefriend have used been to perform continued the duty of turning reports over multispectralSusŏng-dong, 800and meters pan-chromatic to the east Junedone 20,so here. 2019 committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air and kyo-hwa-so [labor re-edu- of ill treatmentarrested while attempting and torture to cross ofthe border satellite images of the Kyo-hwa- Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North Date of Imagery: cation] prisons,” and “lead to the prisoners, including women who soPeople’s No. 4, AirKangdong, Force’s Sŭngam-ni and its Air im Base,- Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. Declassified CIA KH-4A: deathout of their prisoners families. …North in Korean many defector cases.” XXX have 25attempted kwan-li-so in Chongjin. to flee the country, mediatelocated 18 environs kilometers focusing south-southwest. upon August 23, 1965 The UN[sic] testified, COI called “Military onpersonnel the areDPRK sent off to and Do prisoner Kyung-Ok et disappearances.al., White Paper on Human Rights examinationThis is a training of base, the followingand based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, to acknowledgethe Susong kyo-hwa-so the [No.existence 25 kwan-li-so of] if Satellitein North Korea imagery 2015 (Seoul: has Korea shown Institute thefor physicalits mission, features: organization, and location, DigitalGlobe:Mike. Imagery Analysis September of Camp 16, (Washington,2, 2004– their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North the politicalSusong kyo-hwa-so prison [No. camps 25 kwan-li-so and] is for expansionhttp://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp of DPRK detention . JanuaryKorea [HRNK], 19, 20182015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- providethey can its return citizens to society with once theybasic complete facilities5 “After the Korean in some War, it wascases used asas a detention well Sizeres_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf of Facility: and Bermudez Jr., Joseph humanthese rights terms.” It was. also testified that the as facilityincreased for South securityKorean POWs measures (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further 115,794S. Imagery square Analysis: metersNorth Korea’s (138,490 Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, insideRights these in North Koreafacilities. 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: squareat http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 yards) The Committeeand other high-ranking for Humanofficials. North Rights Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 635Update%20Good.pdf meters by 311. meters (694 in Northdefector Korea XXX [sic] (HRNK) testified that satellite the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976. yards by 340 yards) imagery analysis and former

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2019 by theANALYSIS, Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea 2 3 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KANGDONG 25 AREA H R N K N K North Korea: ImageryNORTH KOREA’SAnalysis LONG-TERMof Camp No. 25 - Update 2 PRISON-LABOR FACILITY (KYO-HWA-SO) AT KANGDONG

analysis»» Security also supports perimeters escapee and other diatelyPrisons surroundingBureau of the State the Securitycamp. Armylocated and on the south internal bank security of the Sol - Powersquare Plant—under yards) and was expandedconstruction slightly reports(internal indicating and that Campexternal), No. 25’s SatelliteDepartment imagery (SSD), which coverage is under of the the organizations,gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol clearly stream) understand across from sinceby January 2011. 27, The 1976, prison when isit measured reported primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industryentrance/checkpoints, and agriculture. Despite and facilitySpecifically, clearly it is indicatesunder the control that theof the thefoot importance and two road ofbridges implementing connect it. to(765 be yardssubordinate by 344 yards) to the and Prisons encom- extensiveguard satellite positions imagery coverage prison’sSSD's North primary Hamgyong economic Provincial activ - camouflage, concealment, and Bureaupassed of15.30 the hectares Ministry (181,987 of People’s square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the»» Internalcamp, AllSource arrangement is presently ityBureau is the and production is located approximately of limestone deception25 is unclear. (CCD) One report procedures indicates tothat Security,yards) (Figure which 1, Figure is directly 2). under unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- »» Housing and products using forced labor. maskthe camp their was operations used as a prisoner-of-war and inten- theHigh-resolution State Affairs satellite Commission. imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, support facilities Despite extensive satellite imag- tions.camp Ithousing would South not beKorean unreason soldiers- at Specifically,January 18, 2003, it wouldthrough be September under the prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is »» Limestone quarry ery coverage of the facility HRNK ablethe end to assumeof the Korean that War. they5 This, have how - control21, 2015, of indicates the ministry’s that the camp Kang has- As with» Activity the analytical within caution and inpresented the is presently unable to provide a doneever, remainsso here. to be verified as it may not dong-gunexpanded duringProvincial this period Bureau. and that its in previous» reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea:immediate Imagery Analysis environs Camp of16 and reliabledescriptions estimate of this facility’s of themission number matches that of rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North theKorea: facility Imagery Analysis of Camp prisonersserved in satellite detained imagery areat more the representative facility. Locationin which it and is located Subordination has been involved Developmentthrough Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The Based upon analysis of these As with the analytical caution pre- Kyo-hwa-so1950s. Satellite No. imagery 4 is doeslocated indicate Thefacilities date are of locatedestablishment in the general of Kyo-area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established features Kyo-hwa-so No. 4 is a sentedCommittee in forprevious Human Rights HRNK in North reports Korea, 2012, at Chaek-kol in Kangdong-gun, hwa-soaround theNo. camp. 4 is Theunknown. camp is connectedDeclas- those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via smalland the long-established internal security organizations, operation - (such as North Korea: Imagery P’yŏngyang-si, approximately 15.5 sified satellite imagery from the lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- alclearly prison understand camp that the importance is well main of - AnalysisCamp No. 25Camp this way, 16 and North kilometers south-southeast of 1960s indicates that camp was measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, tained by North Korean standards Korea: It is notImagery structured Analysisas a village but of is aCamp fenced Kangdong.315 meters (631 It is yards also by 8.3 344 kilome yards) and- establishedthe substation prior approximately to August 1 kilometer 23, and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp as is indicated by general activity, 14) it is important to reiterate that tersencompassed east of the 13.76 Pokch hectaresong-ni (164,568 Kyo- 1965,to the when southeast. the Itfacility is connected was cap to the- their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective operation of a limestone plant, It would North Korean officials, especially hwa-so and .9 kilometers north national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] and maintenance in and imme- thosehouses within political the prisoners Korean only, whilePeople’s those who of thefriend new used Kangdong to perform the duty Thermal of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2019 by theANALYSIS, Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea 3 3 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KANGDONG 25 AREA H R N K N K North Korea: ImageryNORTH KOREA’SAnalysis LONG-TERMof Camp No. 25 - Update 2 PRISON-LABOR FACILITY (KYO-HWA-SO) AT KANGDONG turedanalysis on also film supports by a escapeeUS CIA andKH-4A other Prisonsprisoner Bureau ofhousing the State building Security squarelocated yards),on the south and bank contained of the Sol - a squarelow wall yards) with and three was expanded entrances slightly reconnaissancereports indicating that satellite. Camp No. 25’s Departmentexpanded (SSD) ,from which a is “C” under to the“E” approximatelygol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol 66 stream)structures across of from all wereby January the prison 27, 1976, headquarters, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically,configuration, it is under theadding control approx of the - sizesfoot and from two a road limestone bridges connect plant toit. administration,(765 yards by 344 barracks, yards) and supportencom- High-resolutionextensive satellite imagery commercial coverage sat - SSD'simately North Hamgyong 902 square Provincial meters small sheds. Located within this andpassed housing 15.30 hectares areas. An(181,987 old squarerail- The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 elliteof the imagerycamp, AllSource from isSeptember presently 2, Bureau(1,078 and is square located approximatelyyards). This area25 is was unclear. the One main report prison indicates consist that - roadyards) branch (Figure line1, Figure ran 2). adjacent to unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- 2004 provides one of the first de- suggests either an increase ingthe of camp a 265-meter-by-190-meter was used as a prisoner-of-war theHigh-resolution west wall of satellite the prison, imagery con from- open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, tailed views of the facility. Among in the prisoner population, highcamp rectangular housing South walled Korean com soldiers- at nectingJanuary 18,several 2003, coalthrough mines September north prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the changes noted from 1965 to increasing output, or both. poundthe end with of the four Korean guard War. 5positions This, how- of21, the 2015, prison indicates to thethat nationalthe camp has rail 2004As with were: the analytical caution presented locatedever, remains at the to fourbe verified corners as it andmay anot network.expanded A during short this 425-meter-long, period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and Asdescriptions of September of this facility’s 2, 2004, mission matches the that singlerather toentrance an activity on in thisthe area. south The side. area abandoned,on agriculture railroadand light industry spur line (Figure is 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North»» TheKorea: size Imagery of the Analysis excavat of Camp- prisonserved occupiedin satellite imagery an are irregular more representative Insidein which the it is main located prison has been walls involved were visiblethrough leading Figure 15). to the headquar- 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony ed area in the limestone shaped area that measured plantin agricultural administration activities since and at prisoner least the tersSeveral area small from villages the south.and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The quarry more than doubled approximately 524 meters by 311 housing,1950s. Satellite a limestone imagery does plant, indicate and facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established in size—a clear indication of metersCommittee (574 for Human yards Rights by in340 North yards),Korea, 2012, support areas. Located immedi- around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and thecontinued internal security use organizations, encompassed approximately ately south and outside the main lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly»» The understand plant administration the importance of and 104,640Camp No. square25 this way, meters (125,150 prison and partially enclosed by measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2019 by theANALYSIS, Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea 4 3 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KANGDONG 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 1 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis:A North view Korea’s of CampKyo-hwa-so No. 15, No.No. 4 25from kwan-li-so August housed senior23, 1965,staff at the as seenWar).” in a Do declassified Kyung-Ok et al., White 3-meter Paper on Human resolution refine image the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20collected by a CIA KH-4A andreconnaissance other high-ranking officials. satellite. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2019 by theANALYSIS, Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Copyright © 2019 by DigitalGlobe, NextView License 5 3 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KANGDONG 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 2 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis:A North view Korea’s of CampKyo-hwa-so No. 15, No.No. 4 25on kwan-li-so September housed senior 2, staff2004 at the showing War).” the Do Kyung-Okgeneral et al., arrangement White Paper on Human of the facilityrefine the anddate of thethe camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20changes that occurred fromand other1965-2004. high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2019 by theANALYSIS, Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea 63 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KANGDONG 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 3 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington,A D.C.:view HRNK, of 2014) Kyo-hwa-so available No.Provincial 4 on SeptemberParty, the head of a 17,local 2007.MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2019 by theANALYSIS, Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea 7 3 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KANGDONG 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 4 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington,A D.C.:view HRNK, of 2014) Kyo-hwa-so available No.Provincial 4 on JanuaryParty, the head 31, of a2009 local MPS showing office, theRights addition in North Korea of 2015 two (Seoul: new Korea buildings.Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2019 by theANALYSIS, Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea 8 3 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KANGDONG 25 AREA H R N K N K North Korea: ImageryNORTH KOREA’SAnalysis LONG-TERMof Camp No. 25 - Update 2 PRISON-LABOR FACILITY (KYO-HWA-SO) AT KANGDONG

Locatedanalysis also across supports the escapee road, immedi and other- AsidePrisons from Bureau shifting of the State activity Security in alocated 110-meter-by-3.75-meter on the south bank of the shed/ Sol- Figuresquare 5 yards) shows and the was rockexpanded crusher slightly atelyreports to indicating the west that of Camp the prisonNo. 25’s is a theDepartment limestone (SSD) quarry,, which isthe under only the stall-typegol-ch’ŏn (i.e., structure Solgol stream) in the across support from inby the January limestone 27, 1976, quarry when it acrossmeasured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters limestonelight industry quarry and agriculture. from which Despite the significantSpecifically, it changeis under theobserved control of the areafoot andon thetwo roadnorth bridges side connectof the mainit. the(765 road yards from by 344 Kyo-hwa-so yards) and encom No. -4. prison’sextensive limestonesatellite imagery plant coverage receives atSSD' Kyo-hwa-sos North Hamgyong No. 4 Provincialduring prison compound. The second (Takenpassed by 15.30 Asia hectares Press, (181,987 Kim square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 crushedof the camp, ore AllSource via a conveyor is presently belt theBureau period and isfrom located 2004 approximately through was25 is a unclear. 25-meter-by-15-meter One report indicates that Dong-Chul).yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- running under the road. There 2010 was the addition of a new rectangularthe camp was structure used as a prisoner-of-warin the plant High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, are several additional limestone guard position approximately area.camp This housing structure South Korean has never soldiers had at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is quarries in the general vicinity of 100-meters north of the northeast athe roof end and of the its Korean purpose War. is5 This, unclear. how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has theAs with prison the analytical that may caution also presentedsupply corner of the prison—at the ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered crushedKorea: Imagery ore to Analysis the prison’s Camp 16 lime and - intersectiondescriptions of thisof facility’stwo gravel mission matches roads, that Therather following to an activity 10 ground in this area. images The area of on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- stoneNorth Korea: plant. Imagery Crushed Analysis limestone of Camp andserved construction in satellite imagery of are two more new representative Kyo-hwa-soin which it is located No. 4 haswere been covertly involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony ore is then processed by the pris- buildings in the main prison collectedin agricultural during activities 2009 since and at leastshow the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The on’s plant into finished limestone compound sometime between various1950s. Satellite views imageryof the prison. does indicate (Taken facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established products which are then shipped SeptemberCommittee for 17,Human 2007 Rights and in North Korea, 2012, by Asia Press, Kim Dong-Chul). around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via outand bythe truck.internal security organizations, January 31, 2009. The first was lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2019 by theANALYSIS, Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea 93 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KANGDONG 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 5 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2019 by theANALYSIS, Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Taken by Asia Press, Kim Dong-Chul 103 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KANGDONG 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 6 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2019 by theANALYSIS, Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Taken by Asia Press, Kim Dong-Chul 113 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KANGDONG 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 7 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2019 by theANALYSIS, Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Taken by Asia Press, Kim Dong-Chul 123 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KANGDONG 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 8 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2019 by theANALYSIS, Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Taken by Asia Press, Kim Dong-Chul 133 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KANGDONG 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 9 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2019 by theANALYSIS, Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Taken by Asia Press, Kim Dong-Chul 143 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KANGDONG 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 10 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2019 by theANALYSIS, Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Taken by Asia Press, Kim Dong-Chul 153 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KANGDONG 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 11 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2019 by theANALYSIS, Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Taken by Asia Press, Kim Dong-Chul 163 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KANGDONG 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 12 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2019 by theANALYSIS, Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Taken by Asia Press, Kim Dong-Chul 173 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KANGDONG 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 13 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2019 by theANALYSIS, Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Taken by Asia Press, Kim Dong-Chul 183 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KANGDONG 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 14 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2019 by theANALYSIS, Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Taken by Asia Press, Kim Dong-Chul 193 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KANGDONG 25 AREA H R N K N K North Korea: ImageryNORTH KOREA’SAnalysis LONG-TERMof Camp No. 25 - Update 2 PRISON-LABOR FACILITY (KYO-HWA-SO) AT KANGDONG

Imageryanalysis also from supports September escapee 23, and 2011 other administrationPrisons Bureau of and the State storage Security area thelocated guard on theposition south bank 50-meters of the Sol to- itssquare place, yards) a 43-meter-by-43-meter and was expanded slightly showsreports indicatingno major that changes Camp No. within 25’s isDepartment being expanded (SSD), which suggesting is under the an thegol-ch’ŏn north. (i.e., No Solgol significant stream) across changes from walledby January prison 27, 1976, compound when it measured with primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters thelight prison. industry Someand agriculture. infrastructure Despite increaseSpecifically, in itproduction. is under the control of the werefoot and observed two road elsewhere bridges connect within it. a (765single yards building by 344 yards) within and it encom was - developments,extensive satellite however,imagery coverage were SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial the prison. constructed.passed 15.30 hectares The compound (181,987 square had The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 observedof the camp, outside AllSource and is presently adjacent to ByBureau April and 7, 2013,is located the approximately small com - 25 is unclear. One report indicates that a yards)single (Figure entrance 1, Figure on 2). its east side, unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the northeast corner of the prison. pound outside the northeast Imagerythe camp from was used October as a prisoner-of-war 16, 2014 theHigh-resolution wall was connected satellite imagery to the from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, Here, a compound encompass- camp housing South Korean soldiers at mainJanuary prison 18, 2003, wall, through and twoSeptember guard prisoner population of 5,000 people. cornerHamgyŏng-bukto. of the prison4 More had specifically, been it is shows no major changes within ing approximately 4,220 square completely enclosed by a wall thethe mainend of prisonthe Korean compound. War.5 This, how- positions21, 2015, indicates were situated that the camp on hasoppo - metersAs with thewith analytical a partial caution low presentedwall ever, remains to be verified as it may not siteexpanded corners—one during this of period which and was that its in previous reports (such as North that4 It is was interesting connected to note that although to the the main escapee However,be referring within to the present the headquarters, day camp but primary economic activities are centered andKorea: a Imagerysmall building Analysis Campwere 16erect and - prisondescriptions wall of and this facility’s several mission additional matches that administration,rather to an activity and in this barracks area. The area atopon agriculture the main and prison light industry wall. Taken (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- edNorth between Korea: Imagery 2009 Analysisand 2011. of CampThe supportserved in buildingssatellite imagery were are more erect representative- areain which the it cultural/education is located has been involved hall togetherthrough Figure with 15).the developments 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony positioning of this compound and ed. The general appearance and wasin agricultural rebuilt and activities three since buildings at least the inSeveral the headquarters, small villages and administra military - Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The guard position 50-meters north- layout of the compound indicates were1950s. erected Satellite imageryin the support does indicate and tion,facilities and are barracks located in area, the general these area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established east suggests that this compound Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, developmentsaround the camp. indicate The camp a is smallconnected those within the Korean People’s Army that it was being used for grain housingprior to May area. 28, 1970,More at significantly,which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via wasand theassociated internal security with organizations, the prison. threshing—likely in support of the small compound outside the expansion of the prison to house lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- Onclearly the understand opposite the side importance of the road of Camp No. 25 this way, a separate class of prisoners dif- the prison due to its location in northeastmeasured approximately corner of the 577 prison meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, from the prison the rock quarry regard It is notto structuredthe prison’s as a village wall but is and a fenced had315 metersbeen partially(631 yards byrazed 344 yards)and, inand ferentthe substation than those approximately housed 1 kilometerin the and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 mainto the prison southeast. compound. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2019 by theANALYSIS, Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea 203 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KANGDONG 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 15 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington,Kyo-hwa-so D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available No. 4 as seenProvincial on September Party, the head of 23, a local 2011, MPS office, showing Rights the in smallNorth Korea compound 2015 (Seoul: Korea and Institute the guardfuture position updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20outside the northeast cornerand other of high-rankingthe main officials. prison North wall. Korean Also visiblefor National is Unification, that the 2015), rock p. 122, availablequarry at administrationKH-4B imagery datedand May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976. storage area are being expanded.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2019 by theANALYSIS, Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Copyright © 2019 by DigitalGlobe, NextView License 213 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KANGDONG 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 16 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis:Kyo-hwa-so North Korea’s Camp No. No. 15, 4 as seenNo. on 25 kwan-li-soApril 7, housed 2013, senior showing staff at the the smallWar).” Docompound Kyung-Ok et al., Whiteand Paper a guard on Human position refine outside the date ofthe the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20northeast corner of the mainand other prison high-ranking wall. officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2019 by theANALYSIS, Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Copyright © 2019 by DigitalGlobe, NextView License 223 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KANGDONG 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 17 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis:An North October Korea’s Camp 16, No. 2014 15, imageNo. of 25 Kyo-hwa-sokwan-li-so housed senior No. staff 4 showingat the theWar).” new Do Kyung-Ok prison et al., compound White Paper on Human outside therefine northeast the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20corner of the main prison. and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2019 by theANALYSIS, Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Copyright © 2019 by DigitalGlobe, NextView License 233 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KANGDONG 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 18 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis:Kyo-hwa-so North Korea’s Camp No. No. 15, 4 as seenNo. on 25 kwan-li-soApril 15, housed 2015, senior showing staff at the the smallWar).” Do compound Kyung-Ok et al., White an dPaper a guard on Human position refine outside the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20northeast corner of the mainand other prison high-ranking wall. officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2019 by theANALYSIS, Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Copyright © 2019 by DigitalGlobe, NextView License 243 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KANGDONG 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 19 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington,An D.C.: October HRNK, 2014) 13,available 2016 view ofProvincial Kyo-hwa-so Party, the head ofNo. a local 4. MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2019 by theANALYSIS, Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Copyright © 2019 by DigitalGlobe, NextView License 253 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KANGDONG 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 20 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington,Kyo-hwa-so D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available No. 4 as seenProvincial on November Party, the head of 21, a local 2017 MPS office,showing Rightssteam in North rising Korea 2015from (Seoul: the Korea limestone Institute plant’sfuture updates. stack. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2019 by theANALYSIS, Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Copyright © 2019 by DigitalGlobe, NextView License 263 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KANGDONG 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 21 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington,A D.C.:view HRNK, of 2014) Kyo-hwa-so available No.Provincial 4 as seen Party, the on head January of a local MPS 19, office, 2018. Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2019 by theANALYSIS, Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Copyright © 2019 by DigitalGlobe, NextView License 273 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KANGDONG 25 AREA H R N K N K North Korea: ImageryNORTH KOREA’SAnalysis LONG-TERMof Camp No. 25 - Update 2 PRISON-LABOR FACILITY (KYO-HWA-SO) AT KANGDONG

Imageryanalysis also Analysis supports escapee and other ThePrisons external Bureau perimeter, of the State whichSecurity sur - imatelylocated on50 the meters south bank northeast of the Sol of- threesquare sections—limestone yards) and was expanded plant, slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s roundsDepartment the (SSD)new, prisonwhich is compound,under the thegol-ch’ŏn new prison (i.e., Solgol compound, stream) across at thefrom plantby January support 27, 1976, and when plant it measuredadmin- primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters Basedlight industry upon and limited agriculture. publicly Despite avail - mainSpecifically, prison it compound,is under the control and theof the intersectionfoot and two road of two bridges gravel connect roads. it. istration,(765 yards and by 344 prisoner yards) and housing. encom- ableextensive information satellite imagery and high-resolu coverage - headquartersSSD's North Hamgyong administration Provincial and Aside from its height and guard Thepassed limestone 15.30 hectares plant (181,987occupies square the The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 tionof the satellite camp, AllSource imagery, is presently Kyo-hwa-so barracksBureau and area, is located is approximately approximately towers,25 is unclear. the main One report prison indicates wall isthat southwestyards) (Figure section 1, Figure of 2). the main unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- No. 4 and its immediate surround- 1,900-meters-long (2,090-yards- supplementedthe camp was used by as an a prisoner-of-warinternal prisonHigh-resolution compound satellite and imagery has been from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, ings can be separated into six long) and encompasses approx- (presumablycamp housing barbed-wire)South Korean soldiers fence at activeJanuary in 18, numerous 2003, through images September as prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is road areas: imately 115,794 square meters setthe approximately end of the Korean three-metersWar.5 This, how- is21, indicated 2015, indicates by the that presence the camp has of As with the analytical caution presented (138,490 square yards). There are insideever, remains the wall. to be verified as it may not smoke/exhaustexpanded during this above period the and crush that its- in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea:»» Security Imagery Analysis Perimeter Camp and 16 and a totaldescriptions of five of this facility’sentrances mission to matches the that rather to an activity in this area. The area ing,on agriculturegrinding, andand light kiln industry areas (Figure or 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North GuardKorea: Imagery Positions Analysis of Camp facility—oneserved in satellite entrance/check imagery are more representative- Allin wallswhich itand is located entrances/check has been involved- emanatingthrough Figure from 15). the plant’s main 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony »» Prison Compounds and point in the north wall of the new pointsin agricultural appear activities to be wellsince main at least- the stack.Several The small plant’s villages three and military large Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The Limestone Plant prison compound, one entrance/ tained1950s. andSatellite in goodimagery repair. does indicateThe storagefacilities silos,are located tall exhaustin the general stack, area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established »» Headquarters, Administra- checkpointCommittee for Humanin the Rights south in North wall Korea, of 2012, guard positions are well posi- andaround rotary the camp.kiln are The clearly camp is visiconnected- those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and thetion, internal and security Barracks organizations, the main prison compound, and tioned to provide overlapping ble in all satellite imagery. This lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly»» Support understand and the Housing importance of oneCamp entrance/checkpoint No. 25 this way, and fields-of-view of the camp and imagery indicates that the plant measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, »» Limestone Quarry two additionalIt is not structured entrances as a village but to is a thefenced appear315 meters to be(631 well yards maintained by 344 yards) and and canthe producesubstation products approximately typical 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp »» Additional Activities headquarters, administration, and inencompassed good repair. 13.76 hectares (164,568 ofto many the southeast. small limestone It is connected plants. to the their operations and intentions.3 It would [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective barracksliving arrangements. area. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] Thenational presence rail network of the via rotary the station kiln at be reasonable to assume that they have Security Perimeter and houses political prisoners only, while those who Prisonfriend Compounds used to perform the and duty of turning over alsoSus ŏindicatesng-dong, 800 that meters the plant to the iseast done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air Guard Positions A total of six guard positions Limestonearrested while Plant attempting to cross the border capable of crushing and grinding Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North are distributed atop the prison’s limestonePeople’s Air into Force’s limestone Sŭngam-ni powder. Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. The prison’s security perimeter walls—fourout their families. on the …North corners Korean defector of the XXX There25 are kwan-li-so two insperate Chongjin. prison com- Withoutlocated 18 proper kilometers safety south-southwest. measures— consists of a combination of walls, main[sic] prison testified, and “Military two personnel on opposite are sent off to pounds Do Kyung-Ok at Kyo-hwa-so et al., White Paper on No. Human 4—the Rights forThis which is a training North base, Korean and based industry on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if entrances/checkpoints, and guard corners of the smaller new prison mainin North prison Korea 2015and (Seoul: new Korea prison. Institute for isits not mission, known—the organization, inhalation and location, of Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to positions.D.C.: The Committee These for not Human only Rights sepa in North- compoundSusong kyo-hwa-so (one of [No. these 25 kwan-li-so is shared] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. powdered limestone could lead Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. rateorg/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full Kyo-hwa-so No. 4 from the - with theythe can main return prison).to society once A theyseventh complete The5 “After main the Korean prison War, itis was surrounded used as a detention to respiratory problems among surroundingres_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf countryside and Bermudez but Jr., alsoJoseph guardthese position terms.” It was appears also testified to that be the on by facilityan approximately for South Korean POWs 265-meter- (Prisoners of workers.6 HRNK anticipates This has that we the will bepotential able to further to S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in segmentUpdate, (Washington, it internally. D.C.: HRNK, Neither 2014) available the top ofProvincial a tall Party, support the head building of a local MPS north office, by-190-meterRights in North Korea high 2015 trapezoidal (Seoul: Korea Institute be futuresignificantly updates. Referenced exacerbated imagery includes: by externalat http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 perimeter of the camp of theand limestone other high-ranking plant. officials. Finally, North Korean walledfor National compound Unification, 2015),encompassing p. 122, available at theKH-4B fact imagery that forceddated May labor28, 1970 isand used KH-9 norUpdate%20Good.pdf the interior infrastructure. have whatdefector appears XXX [sic] to testified be an that eighth the father of his 51, http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp863 square meters and can . in the(mapping plant camera) and imagery the datedsafety January stan 27, -1976. changed significantly since 2014. guard position is located approx- be functionally separated into dards are likely to be significantly

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2019 by theANALYSIS, Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea 283 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KANGDONG 25 AREA H R N K N K North Korea: ImageryNORTH KOREA’SAnalysis LONG-TERMof Camp No. 25 - Update 2 PRISON-LABOR FACILITY (KYO-HWA-SO) AT KANGDONG loweranalysis or also non-existent. supports escapee A small and other outsidePrisons Bureau northeast of the cornerState Security of the administration,located on the south and bank barracks of the Sol area.- Limestonesquare yards) Quarry and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s mainDepartment prison (SSD) compound., which is under It is sur the- Thisgol-ch’ŏn area (i.e.,consists Solgol stream)of four across large from by January 27, 1976, when it measured 25-meter-by-15-meterprimary economic activity isrectangular focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters structurelight industry was and added agriculture. to the Despite plant roundedSpecifically, by it a is high under 43-meter-by-43- the control of the buildings—headquarters,foot and two road bridges connect admin it. - Located(765 yards across by 344 the yards) road, and immediencom- - areaextensive between satellite 2007 imagery and coverage 2009, meterSSD's Northwall with Hamgyong two guard Provincial towers istration, barracks, and cultural/ atelypassed to 15.30the west hectares of the(181,987 prison, square is a The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 however,of the camp, this AllSource structure is presently has never (oneBureau of andwhich is located is shared approximately with the education25 is unclear. hall—and One report several indicates small that limestoneyards) (Figure quarry 1, Figure from 2). which the unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- had a roof installed. main compound) and encompass- supportthe camp buildings. was used as Located a prisoner-of-war in the prison’sHigh-resolution limestone satellite plant imagery receives from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, es approximately 2,020 square centercamp housing of this South area Koreanis a parade soldiers at crushedJanuary 18, ore 2003, via througha conveyor September belt prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is The northwest section of the main meters. Within the compound is ground/soccerthe end of the Korean pitch. War. Except5 This, how for- running21, 2015, underindicates the that road. the camp The has prisonAs with compoundthe analytical cautionconsists presented of sev - a single building. Its location and theever, rebuilding remains to beof verifiedthe cultural/edu as it may not- quarryexpanded consists during thisof a period main and office, that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered eralKorea: support Imagery areas Analysis including Camp 16 andone sizedescriptions suggest of this a facility’sdifferent mission class matches of that cationrather tohall an activityin 2014, in thisno area.significant The area storageon agriculture and supportand light industrybuildings, (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- forNorth vehicle Korea: maintenance.Imagery Analysis Imagery of Camp prisonersserved in satellite with imagery a small are more population. representative changesin which it have is located been has observed been involved in vehiclethrough storage Figure 15). buildings, rock 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony from January 31, 2009 shows that As noted above, what appears to thisin agricultural area during activities the since15 years at least under the crusher,Several small and villagesconveyor and belt.military Other Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The a 110-meter-by-3.75-meter shed/ be an additional guard position is study.1950s. ThisSatellite area imagery has beendoes indicate well thanfacilities the aresupply located of in limestone the general areaore it that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established stall-type structure was added to locatedCommittee approximately for Human Rights in 50North meters Korea, 2012, maintained throughout the period isaround unclear the what camp. theThe camporganizational is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via thisand thearea internal between security 2007 organizations, and 2009. northeast of the new prison com- under study. relationship is between the quarry lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of pound,Camp No. at 25 the this way, intersection of two and the prison. measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, The plant administration and pris- gravel It is roads. not structured as a village but is a fenced Support315 meters Area (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp oner housing section occupies encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 Whileto the footprintsoutheast. Itof is the connected quarry to has the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective the east side of the main prison It would In general, the prison’s com- Located south of the headquar- remainednational rail relatively network via stable the station over at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] compound and consists of a large poundshouses appear political prisoners to be only,relatively while those who ters, administration,friend used to perform the and duty ofbarracks turning over theSus periodŏng-dong, under 800 studymeters atto theapprox east - done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air interconnected building that likely well maintained by North Korean area arrestedis a support while attempting and tohousing cross the border imately 25,470 square meters Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North serves as both plant administra- standards. While the limestone area. This area consists of eight (30,460People’s squareAir Force’s yards), Sŭngam-ni the depthAir Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. tion and prisoner housing, several plantout has their afamilies. somewhat …North Korean rundown defector XXX buildings25 kwan-li-so (including in Chongjin. a large green- oflocated the excavation 18 kilometers has south-southwest. increased. smaller support buildings, and appearance,[sic] testified, it “Military is not personnel atypical are sent of off to house) Do Kyung-Ok and etseveral al., White Paper housing on Human units Rights InThis all isimagery a training analyzed base, and basedfor this on a3 smallBermudez thermal Jr., Joseph S., plant. Dinville, ItAndy is andpres Eley,- otherthe small Susong limestonekyo-hwa-so [No. plants. 25 kwan-li-so] if immediatelyin North Korea 2015 outside (Seoul: Korea the Institute perime for - reportits mission, the limestone organization, quarry and location, shows Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to entlyD.C.: Thenot Committee possible for Human to arrive Rights in at North an Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for ter. During 2014-2017, several new activity—typically, with a single http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Camp No. 25. accurateKorea [HRNK], estimate 2015) available of atthe https://www.hrnk. prisoner Headquarters,those serving terms Administration, of 10 years or longer, but buildings were constructed at the dragline or shovel and 4-6 dump org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention populationres_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf at Kyo-hwa-so and Bermudez No.Jr., Joseph 4 and Barracksthese terms.” It Area was also testified that the southfacility tip for Southof this Korean area. POWs Throughout (Prisoners of trucks6 HRNK present. anticipates that we will be able to further fromS. Imagery satellite Analysis: imagery North Korea’s alone. Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the theWar).” 15 yearsDo Kyung-Ok under et al., studyWhite Paper this on Humanarea refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 Locatedand other immediately high-ranking officials. south North of, Korean hasfor been National well Unification, maintained. 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 A newUpdate%20Good.pdf prison compound. was built and adjacentdefector XXX [sic]to, testified the main that the prison father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976. during 2014 and attached to the compound is the headquarters,

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analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington,A D.C.:close-up HRNK, 2014) of available the main prisonProvincial compound Party, the head of at a local Kyo-hwa-so MPS office, No.Rights 4 inon North January Korea 2015 19,(Seoul: 2018, Korea Instituteshowing thefuture main updates. prison, Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20new prison, two entrances,and and other sevenhigh-ranking guard officials. towers. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2019 by theANALYSIS, Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Copyright © 2019 by DigitalGlobe, NextView License 303 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KANGDONG 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 23 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington,A D.C.:close-up HRNK, 2014) of available the new prisonProvincial compound Party, the head atof a Kyo-hwa-solocal MPS office, No.Rights 4 on in North January Korea 2015 19, (Seoul: 2018, Korea showing Institute thefuture main updates. prison, Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20new prison and five of theand guard other high-ranking towers. officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2019 by theANALYSIS, Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Copyright © 2019 by DigitalGlobe, NextView License 313 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KANGDONG 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 24 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis:A North close-up Korea’s Camp of No.the 15, headquartersNo. 25 kwan-li-so and administration housed senior staff at the area at War).”Kyo-hwa-so Do Kyung-Ok et No. al., White 4 Paperon January on Human 19, 2018,refine theshowing date of the campsan establishment in Update, (Washington,entrance/checkpoint D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available and Provincialan entrance. Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2019 by theANALYSIS, Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Copyright © 2019 by DigitalGlobe, NextView License 323 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KANGDONG 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 25 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington,A D.C.:close-up HRNK, 2014) of available the support Provincialand housing Party, the head area of a local at MPSKyo-hwa-so office, Rights No. in 4 North on Korea January 2015 (Seoul: 19, Korea 2018, Institute showing future one updates. entrance. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2019 by theANALYSIS, Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Copyright © 2019 by DigitalGlobe, NextView License 333 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KANGDONG 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 26 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington,A D.C.:close-up HRNK, 2014) of available the limestoneProvincial quarry Party, adjacentthe head of a local to MPS Kyo-hwa-so office, Rights No. in North4 on Korea January 2015 (Seoul: 19, Korea 2018. Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2019 by theANALYSIS, Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Copyright © 2019 by DigitalGlobe, NextView License 343 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KANGDONG 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 27 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis:A North close-up Korea’s Camp of No.the 15, headquartersNo. 25 kwan-li-so and support housed senior area staff atfor the the limestoneWar).” Do Kyung-Ok quarry et al., Whiteadjacent Paper on Humanto Kyo-hwa-so refine the No. date 4of the on camps establishment in Update, (Washington,January D.C.: HRNK, 19, 2014) 2018. available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2019 by theANALYSIS, Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Copyright © 2019 by DigitalGlobe, NextView License 353 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KANGDONG 25 AREA H R N K N K North Korea: ImageryNORTH KOREA’SAnalysis LONG-TERMof Camp No. 25 - Update 2 PRISON-LABOR FACILITY (KYO-HWA-SO) AT KANGDONG

Additionalanalysis also Activities supports escapee and other WhilePrisons the Bureau prison of the is Statelikely Security con- locatedhas on been the south operational bank of the since Sol- squarethe yards) addition and was of expanded a new prison slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s nectedDepartment to the (SSD) regional, which is telephone under the gol-ch’ŏnat least (i.e., Solgol 1965 stream) across from by Januarycompound 27, 1976, during when it 2014.measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters Withinlight industry one kilometerand agriculture. of Kyo-hwa-Despite network,Specifically, it isit is likely under viathe buriedcontrol ofser the- foot»» andIt is, two by road DPRK bridges standards, connect it. a (765»» Theyards layout by 344 andyards) location and encom of - soextensive No. 4 satellitethere are imagery at least coverage four tra- viceSSD' ass North no evidence Hamgyong of Provincial overhead very mature and well-main- passedthe 15.30 new hectares prison (181,987 suggests square a The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 ditionalof the camp, burial AllSource grounds. is presently However, serviceBureau andwas is identifiedlocated approximately in satellite 25 is tainedunclear. Oneprison report facility indicates that yards)different (Figure 1, Figure class 2). of prisoners unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- no linkage has been established imagery. Two runs of high-volt- the» »campThere was have used beenas a prisoner-of-war no signifi- High-resolutionare been satellitedetained imagery than from those open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, between these and the prison. If age power lines pass directly by campcant housing changes South Korean to the soldiers physi -at Januaryin the18, 2003, main through prison. September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is Kyo-hwa-so No. 4 follows known the prison, and it is likely that the the endcal of size, the Korean including War.5 This,prisoner how- 21,» 2015,» The indicates primary that activity the camp of hasthe practicesAs with the atanalytical other Northcaution Koreanpresented facility receives its electricity from ever, remainshousing to structures,be verified as of it themay not expandedprisoners during atthis the period prison and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered detentionKorea: Imagery facilities Analysis it Campis unlikely 16 and onedescriptions of these of this grids. facility’s An mission unused matches that ratherfacility to an activity since in thethis area.end Theof 2014. area on agricultureappears and to lightbe the industry operation (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- thatNorth these Korea: burialImagery grounds Analysis ofare Camp railroadserved in branchsatellite imagery line are passes more representative im- in which»» Perimeter it is located walls has beenand involvedcheck- throughof theFigure prison’s 15). limestone 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony used by the prison. mediately adjacent to the prison’s in agriculturalpoints/entrances activities since are at least well the Severalproduction small villages plant. and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The west wall and there is an aban- 1950s.maintained Satellite imagery and does in indicate facilities»» Given are locatedNorth inKorea’s the general gener area- that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established donedCommittee rail for spur Human leading Rights in North into Korea, the 2012, good repair. aroundally the poor camp. implementation The camp is connected of Therethose withinis only the one Korean military People’s base Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via (likelyand the for internal reserve security forces) organizations, and no headquarters area. The prison »» Guard positions are well industrial worker safety and lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of is connectedCamp No. 25 this toway, the national rail positioned to provide over- health policies it is likely air defense artillery sites ob- measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, served within five kilometers of network It is not via structured the stationas a village butat isSaegŏl, a fenced 315 meterslapping (631 fields-of-view yards by 344 yards) of andthe the substationthat the approximatelyprisoners oper 1 kilometer- and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp the prison. It is unlikely that the two kilometers to the east. encompassedprison and 13.76 are hectares well main(164,568- to theating southeast. the limestone It is connected plant to the their operations and intentions.3 It would [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] tained and in good repair nationalare rail subject network to via even the station worse at militarybe reasonable base to provides assume that any they sup have- port to the prison. The closest air Assessmenthouses political prisoners only, while those who »» friendAdministrative, used to perform the barracks, duty of turning over Susŏconditions.ng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrestedhousing, while attemptingsupport to buildings,cross the border » In some of the available facilityLocation to and Kyo-hwa-so Organization No. 4 is into the facility. Some inmates are released facility» to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North the Korean People’s Air Force’s Analysis of high-resolution sat- and grounds are well main- People’simagery Air Force’s the Sŭngam-nistream running Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. Kangdong Airbase located 17.5 elliteout imagery their families. of …North Kyo-hwa-so Korean defector XXX 25tained kwan-li-so and in Chongjin. in good repair locatedadjacent 18 kilometers to the south-southwest. prison has kilometers northwest. This is an No. 4[sic] and testified, its environs“Military personnel collected are sent off to Do»» Kyung-OkThe grounds et al., White and Paper buildingson Human Rights This isa ayellowish-green training base, and based color. on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if operational training base, and due between September 2004 and in Northfor Korea prisoner 2015 (Seoul: housing Korea Institute appear for its mission,While organization, this may be and related location, to Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to toD.C.: its Themission, Committee organization, for Human Rights in Northand DecemberSusong kyo-hwa-so 2017 indicate [No. 25 kwan-li-so that,] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jspto be well maintained and in. algae blooms it could also Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. locationorg/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full almost certainly provides- they can return to society once they complete 5 “Aftera the good Korean state War, it was of used repair as a detention be a result of pollution from nores_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf support to Kyo-hwa-so and Bermudez Jr.,No. Joseph 4. »»theseKyo-hwa-so terms.” It was also No. testified 4 is that an the op - facility»» Prisoner for South Korean population POWs (Prisoners likely of 6 HRNKfacilities anticipates thatfurther we will beupstream. able to further If S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No.erational 25 kwan-li-so prison housed senior facility staff thatat the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rightsexpanded in North Korea slightly2015 (Seoul: following Korea Institute futurethe updates. latter, Referenced it would imagery represent includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

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analysisan also additional supports escapeehealth riskand otherto facility,Prisons Bureauupdate of its the status, State Security develop Gazetteerlocated on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reportsthose indicating detained that Camp at theNo. 25’sprison. evidenceDepartment of (SSD) prisoner, which population is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light» »industryGiven andthe agriculture.proximity Despite of the size,Specifically, assess it isthe under health the control of prison of the- foot and twoLocation road bridges connect it. Latitude(765 (N) yards by 344 yards)Longitude and encom (E) - prison to both numerous ers as a result of prolonged expo- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial The date of establishment of Camp No. passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square Kyo-hwa-so No. 4 39.008838° 126.153277°6 of the smallcamp, AllSourcecoal mining is presently operations sureBureau to andlimestone is located dust, approximately and assist 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- and the construction site with the identification of possible the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, for the Kangdong Thermal human rights abuses. Kangdongcamp housing South Korean soldiers at 39.141855°January 18, 2003, through126.099001° September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has Power Plant , it would not be Kangdong Thermal Power 39.001541° 126.162211° As withunusual the analytical for prison caution labor presented to be Note ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee Plantbe referring Construction to the present Site day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea:used Imagery at Analysisthese activities. Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- Saegol Rail Station 39.011572° 126.177113° North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp HRNKserved wouldin satellite likeimagery to are extend more representative a in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony As noted above, despite extensive special note of thanks to sever- in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The satellite imagery coverage of the al individuals for their gracious 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established area, it is presently not possible to assistanceCommittee for in Human preparing Rights in North this Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via arriveand the at internal an accurate security organizations,estimate of report. Ishimaru Jiro (Asia Press) lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- theclearly prisoner understand population the importance at Kyo- of forCamp generously No. 25 this way, sharing ground measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, hwa-so No. 4. imagery It is not of structured Kyo-hwa-so as a village but No. is a 4fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp that was covertly acquired in encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective Recommendations It would 2009. Bobby Holt for taking the national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] time housesto review political prisonersthe draft only, of while this those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air Continued background investiga- report and for providing extensive arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North tion and ongoing monitoring of comments based upon his years People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. Kyo-hwa-so No. 4 is recommend- of experience.out their families. Allen …North KoreanAnderson defector XXXfor 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. ed to provide a more detailed ac- his gracious[sic] testified, support “Military personnel of HRNK’s are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on counting3 Bermudez Jr.,of Joseph its previous S., Dinville, Andy operations and Eley, effortsthe Susong to document kyo-hwa-so [No. North 25 kwan-li-so Korea’s] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to andD.C.: develop The Committee an for objective Human Rights baseline in North politicalSusong prison kyo-hwa-so system [No. 25 kwan-li-so and the] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. understandingorg/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full of its continuing - tragicthey conditions can return to society present once they within complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention activities,res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf maintain and an Bermudez evidentiary Jr., Joseph that thesesystem. terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further catalogS. Imagery of Analysis: physical North changesKorea’s Camp atNo. the15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

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Endnotesanalysis also supports escapee and other 5.Prisons DavidBureau Hawk of the Statewith AmandaSecurity onlocated Human on theRights south in bankNorth of Korea the Sol, - manufacturesquare yards) of and pig was iron expanded which is slightly then reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s MortwedtDepartment Oh, (SSD) The, which Parallel is under Gulag: the 2016gol-ch’ŏn (Seoul, (i.e., Korea: Solgol Koreastream) Institute across from for usedby January to produce 27, 1976, cast when iron it formeasured beams 1.primary UN economic Human activity Rights is Council,focused on Northde facto Korea’s control ‘An-jeon-bu’ of the KWP OGD . Nationalthe village Unification, of Susŏng-dong, 2016), to whichavailable one inapproximately constructing 700 buildings meters andby 315 bridges meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- Report of the detailed findings of the Prison Camps, (Washington, D.C.: at http://repo.kinu.or.kr/handle/2015. or for making steel. extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square commission of inquiry, para. 1033. Committee for Human Rights in oak/7968.The date of Asia establishment Press refers of Camp to the No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and North7.5 km Korea, northwest 2017),of the available port of Ch’ŏng at - facility as Samdung Kyo-hwa-so ( 11. Joseph S. Bermudez Jr., Andy the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from 2.open-source Robert reports Collins that and the campAmanda has a https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, 삼등 교화소). Dinville, and Mike Eley, Imagery camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September Mortwedtprisoner population Oh, From of Cradle 5,000 people.to Grave: Hawk_The_Parallel_Gulag_Web.pdf.Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has 9. The term “high resolution” in D.C.: Committee for Human Rights TheAs withPath the of analytical North Korean caution Innocents presented, ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its (Washington,in previous reports D.C.: (such Committee as North for 6.4 It is interesting This informationto note that although comes the escapee thisbe referringreport refers to the topresent satellite day imagescamp but inprimary North Korea,economic 2015) activities available are centered at HumanKorea: Imagery Rights Analysisin North Camp Korea, 16 2017),and fromdescriptions open source of this facility’s documents mission matches and that withrather a groundto an activity sample in this distance area. The (GSD) area https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- of less than 1.2 meters. The GSD is ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_fullres_ availableNorth Korea: at https://www.hrnk.org/Imagery Analysis of Camp commercialserved in satellite satellite imagery imagery.are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). uploads/pdfs/Collins_Cradle_to_14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony the distance between pixel centers FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Joseph in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate 7. penitentiaries Previous and prison reports camps. in David the Hawk, The when measured on the ground. S.B ermudez Jr., Imagery Analysis: Grave_WEB_FINALFINAL.pdf. 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially projectHidden canGulag: be Second found Edition at, Washington,https:// D.C.: Thethat only Camp known No. 25 ground was established imagery of North Korea’s Camp No. 15, Update Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it 3. UN Human Rights Council, www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- Kyo-hwa-so No. 4 was first seen (Washington,to the regional D.C.: electric Committee power grid for via and the internal security organizations, Report of the detailed findings of the publications.php.lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes publiclyoccupied in an 2017. irregular Ishimaru shaped Jiro, area “Death that Humanoverhead Rights high voltagein North power Korea, transmis 2014),- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, commission of inquiry, Ismeasured Common: approximately Horrific North 577 metersKorean by availablesion cables at http://hrnk.org/uploads/that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and para. 1220(b). 8. It is notEscapees structured asand a village researchers but is a fenced Prisons Beyond Description,” Asia pdfs/Camp%2025%20Update%20the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 indicate that the title “Kyo-hwa-so Press, December 21, 2017, http://www. Good.pdf.to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at 4.be reasonable HRNK to has assume published that they fifteen have No. 4,living Kangdong” arrangements. may The No. represent 25 [kwan-li-so ] asiapress.org/rimjin-gang/report/ prison camp reports over the last five an umbrellahouses political organization prisoners only, that while those who horrific-north-korean-prison/.friend used to perform the duty of turning over 12.Sus ŏng-dong, White Paper800 meters on Human to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air years as part of an ongoing effort has several subordinate facilities arrested while attempting to cross the border Rights in North Korea, 2016 (Seoul, Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean to monitor the prison camps. These includingupon completion the one of identified their term as terms in this are 10. at the Limestone river in Namyang, is crucial Onsung County, North Korea: Korea Institute for National People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, reportsCamp No. are 25 available is under the at https://control of the report.fixed. The Political U.S. criminalsNational are detainedGeospatial alone with - componentHamgyoung in Province.the production He ended up of at the No. Unification, July 2016), available at out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk- Intelligence Agency identifies the cement, and concrete. Significantly, http://repo.kinu.or.kr/handle/2015. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on publications.php?page=3.3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, specificthe Susong location kyo-hwa-so of the [No. prison 25 kwan-li-so in this] if it isin also North Koreaone 2015of a (Seoul: few ingredientsKorea Institute for oak/7968.its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, reporttheir is allegedat Chaek-kol. crimes are of White a political Paper nature. The necessaryNational Unification, to remove 2015), impuritiesp. 122, available in at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

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13.analysis HRNKalso supports anticipates escapee that and we other EditionPrisons (Washington, Bureau of the State D.C.: Security Committee 81,located 189, 194, on the and south 624, bank available of the Solat:- prison’ssquare yards)walls andto those was expanded erected byslightly the willreports be ableindicating to further that Camp refine No. the 25’s date forDepartment Human Rights (SSD), whichin North is under Korea, the www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/;gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) acrossWhite from Japaneseby January during 27, 1976, the when colonial it measured period. ofprimary Kyo-hwa-so economic No. activity 4’s establishment is focused on 2013),de facto 22 control and 25, of availablethe KWP OGD at http://. Paperthe village on Human of Susŏng-dong, Rights in to North which one Forapproximately example, see: 700 McNally, meters by David. 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- in future updates when additional www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ Korea, 2015 (Seoul, Korea: Korea “Yongsan Garrison: If walls could talk,” extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square declassified satellite imagery from NKHiddenGulag_DavidHawk(2). InstituteThe date forof establishment National Unification, of Camp No. July 14, 2008, https://www.army.mil/6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). theunable 1960s to confirm is examined. or deny escapee and pdf;7.5 kmDavid northwest Hawk,of The the portHidden of Ch’ŏng Gulag:- 2015), 115-116, 122, 126, and 517, article/10874/yongsan_garrison_if_ the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a Fourthjin-si in Edition Susŏng-dong, (Washington, Ch’ŏngjin-si, D.C.: available at: www.kinu.or.kr/eng/ walls_could_talk. camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September 14.prisoner Thepopulation following of 5,000 sources people. CommitteeHamgyŏng-bukto. for Human4 More Rightsspecifically, in it is pub/; and Report of the Commission the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has wereAs with used the throughoutanalytical caution this section:presented North Korea, 2015), 8, available ofever, Inquiry remains on toHuman be verified Rights as itin themay not expanded during this period and that its Politicalin previous Prison reports Camps (such asin North at4 http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/It is interesting to note that although the escapee Democraticbe referring toPeople’s the present Republic day camp of but primary economic activities are centered KoreaKorea: TodayImagery (Seoul, Analysis Korea: Camp Database 16 and pdfs/Hawk_HiddenGulag4_FINAL.descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that Korearather, toA/HRC/25/CRP.1, an activity in this area. UN TheHuman area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- CenterNorth Korea: for North Imagery Korean Analysis Human of Camp pdf;served Soo-am in satellite Kim, imagery Kook-shin are more representative Kim, Rightsin which Council, it is located 7 February has been 2014, involved 222- through Figure 15). Rights,14 produced 20), availableby HRNK and at http://nkdb. AllSource Soon-heeof the nation’s Lim, kyo-hwa-so et al., White, or long-term, Paper felony on 224, 263, available at http://www. in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The org/2012/main.php; David Hawk, Human Rights in North Korea, 2003– ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established The Hidden Gulag: Second Edition 2013Committee, (Seoul, for HumanKorea: Rights Korea in North Institute Korea, 2012, HRCouncil/CoIDPRK/Report/A. around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it (Washington, D.C.: Committee forwww.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu National Unification, 2003-2013),- HRC.25.CRP.1_ENG.doc. to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, for Human Rights in North Korea, availablelag2_Web_5-18.pdf at http://www.kinu.or.kr/. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, 2012), 3, 63, 79, and 223, available at eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp; White Paper 15.measured Ground approximately imagery 577 of the meters prison by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ on Human It is not structured Rights asin a North village but Korea, is a fenced shows a similarity between the the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf;their operations and intentions.3 2014,[ kyo-hwa-so(Seoul, Korea:] and is designed Korea for Institute collective It would national rail network via the station at Davidbe reasonable Hawk, The to assume Hidden that Gulag: they haveThird for Nationalliving arrangements. Unification, The No. 25 2014), [kwan-li-so 180-] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2019 by theANALYSIS, Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea 393 H R CH’OMA-BONGCAMPJUNE 20,RESTRICTED NO. 2019 25 AREA H R N K N K North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

THE COMMITTEE FOR HRNK is the leading U.S.-based bipartisan, non-governmental organization in the field of North Korean analysisH R alsoHUMAN supports RIGHTS escapee IN NORTH and K OREAother humanPrisons Bureaurights ofresearch the State andSecurity advocacy, taskedlocated on to the focus south international bank of the Sol attention- square on human yards) and rights was expandedabuses inslightly reports indicatingีዽၨ૟၁ that원회 Camp No. 25’s thatDepartment country. (SSD) It is, which HRNK’s is under mission the to persistentlygol-ch’ŏn (i.e., remindSolgol stream) policy across makers, from opinionby January leaders, 27, 1976, and when the itgeneral measured primaryN K economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite publicSpecifically, in the it isfree under world the controland beyond of the thatfoot more and two than road 20 bridges million connect North it. Koreans(765 need yards our by 344attention. yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial The date of establishment of Camp No. passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square Since its establishment in 2001, HRNK has played an important intellectual leadership role on North6 Korean of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- human rights issues by publishing morethe thancamp 30was major used as reports a prisoner-of-war (available atHigh-resolution http://hrnk.org/publications/ satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, hrnk-publications.php). HRNK becamecamp the firsthousing organization South Korean to soldiers propose at thatJanuary the human18, 2003, rights through situation September in prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is North Korea be addressed by the UN Securitythe end of Council.the Korean HRNK War.5 This, was how directly,- actively,21, 2015, indicates and effectively that the camp involved has As with the analytical caution presented in all stages of the process supportingever, the remainswork of to the be verified UN Commission as it may not of Inquiry.expanded In during the past this period five andyears, that its 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee in previous reports (such as North HRNK has been invited numerous timesbe referringto provide to the expert present testimony day camp but before primary the U.S. economic Congress. activities In Aprilare centered 2018, Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 theof UNother kwan-li-soEconomic, the physical and Socialcharacteristics Council ob- (ECOSOC) granted HRNK UN consultative status. North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate Forpenitentiaries media inquiries, and prison camps. please David Hawk,contact The Executive Director Greg Scarlatoiu at +1 202.499.7973 or by e-mail at 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established [email protected] for Human Rights in North Korea,. 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, All satelliteNo. 25 kwan-li-so imagery housed in senior this staff document: at the DigitalGlobe,War).” Do Kyung-Ok NextView et al., White Paper License on Human and declassifiedrefine the date of theCIA camps KH-4A establishment imagery. in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

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