Wireless Technology Introduction

Home , Local area network, Personal area network

Table of Contents

Introduction to Wireless Technology ...... 2

Notices ...... 3

Objectives...... 4

Overview ...... 5

Wireless Networking ...... 6

Wi-Fi vs. Bluetooth vs. WiMAX vs. "Data" ...... 9

Notices ...... 12

Page 1 of 12 Introduction to Wireless Technology

Introduction to Wireless Technology

**001 Shawn Fleury: Module 2 discusses the Introduction to Wireless Technology.

Page 2 of 12 Notices

Notices

© 2012 Carnegie Mellon University This material is distributed by the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) only to course attendees for their own individual study. Except for the U.S. government purposes described below, this material SHALL NOT be reproduced or used in any other manner without requesting formal permission from the Software Engineering Institute at [email protected]. This material was created in the performance of Federal Government Contract Number FA8721-05-C-0003 with Carnegie Mellon University for the operation of the Software Engineering Institute, a federally funded research and development center. The U.S. government's rights to use, modify, reproduce, release, perform, display, or disclose this material are restricted by the Rights in Technical Data-Noncommercial Items clauses (DFAR 252-227.7013 and DFAR 252-227.7013 Alternate I) contained in the above identified contract. Any reproduction of this material or portions thereof marked with this legend must also reproduce the disclaimers contained on this slide. Although the rights granted by contract do not require course attendance to use this material for U.S. government purposes, the SEI recommends attendance to ensure proper understanding. THE MATERIAL IS PROVIDED ON AN “AS IS” BASIS, AND CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES, IMPLIED OR OTHERWISE (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, RESULTS OBTAINED FROM USE OF THE MATERIAL, MERCHANTABILITY, AND/OR NON-INFRINGEMENT). CERT ® is a registered mark owned by Carnegie Mellon University.

**002 Again, here's our handy-dandy notice. Please don't use this stuff anywhere else. This is the last time I'll discuss it.

Page 3 of 12 Objectives

Objectives

At the completion of this module, students should be familiar with: • Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, WiMAX, and LTE / HSPA / EvDO services • Technologies, standards, and capabilities • Signaling and transmission characteristics • U.S. government standards for wireless data services

**003 The Objectives of this block. You should be familiar with: Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, WiMAX, LTE, HSPA, EvDO services-- so all the different ways the phone is communicating outside of the phone-- technologies, standards and capabilities; the signaling and transmission characteristics; and U.S. government standards for wireless data services.

Page 4 of 12 Overview

Overview

Standards, technology, capabilities • Wi-Fi • Bluetooth • WiMAX • LTE / HSPA / EvDO

**004 Overview of the Standards, Technology and Capabilities. We're going to discuss Wi-Fi; we're going to discuss a, b, g and n. We're going to discuss Bluetooth, each of the four revisions. WiMAX, LTE, HSPA and EvDO will all be discussed in sequence.

Page 5 of 12 Wireless Networking

Wireless Networking

Wireless networking has become ubiquitous because of its low cost and convenience, but unfortunately it has introduced many security issues along the way. Wireless networks allow users to access resources without being tethered to a network connection by a cable.

Advantages Disadvantages Mobility Potentially insecure Ease of Access Ease of access! Cost-effective network No physical protection of implementation network

**005 So Wireless Networks. Pretty much ubiquitous at this point. Low cost and convenience. Almost everybody I know has a wireless router in their house. It's much more convenient. I don't want to be tethered to my office using my wireless connection there. I want to be able to sit in front of the TV, watch sports, and be able to check my fantasy stats on my computer at the same time. It makes life much simpler, but it also opens up security risks.

It allows me to access resources without actually being connected to a wired network.

Page 6 of 12 When I first got into computing, I remember being in the military in the dorms and having- wanting to play a game with a friend. And we ran a crossover cable from my room to his room, which was 10 doors down, in order to play the game together, because we didn't have any other type of access in order to play it. Nowadays we would've been able to set up a wireless router and played it over the wireless router. Makes it much more friendly as a user.

Advantages. Very mobile. I can take the laptop to any region within the wireless hotspot that's covered and be able to gain access. Now if I'm on the periphery of the network, my speeds might be slower than if I'm in the same room with the access point. But I still have some access at least.

Very easy to use. It's very easy to set up. I don't have to have a whole switching-- I don't have to have a switch in my house to have five ports active in the house. I only have to have the broadband connection and a wireless router, and my whole house is covered.

Cost-effective network implementation. These are not expensive devices at this point. I can buy a wireless n router for under $100.00 nowadays. I wouldn't necessary buy an a, b or g router. But I could buy those too for under $100.00. So it's very cost-effective for me to blanket my whole house with my network connection.

Page 7 of 12 Disadvantages. Potentially it's insecure. Everything that's sent over the air has a chance to be seen by other people. If you're not using good security practices-- if you're using a simple password, if you're using a weak version- a weak encryption version, if you're not using any encryption whatsoever-- you're running the risk of allowing other people to see your sensitive information.

Ease of access is also a disadvantage. When you buy a router from the store, most people probably don't read the instruction manual on which type of encryption they should use and how to secure it properly; how to change the admin default password to the device and just set it up and run with it.

Well a lot of the devices use default passwords. If you know the default password, you might be able to log into that router and be able to connect or do whatever you want on the router.

So ease of use is a two-edge sword when we talk about Wi-Fi.

And there's no physical protection of the network. I can't turn off ports; I can't do port scanning. I have this signal that's just blanketing everything. How do I secure that? There's devices out there that allow that security. But it's not as easy as with a wired network.

Page 8 of 12 Wi-Fi vs. Bluetooth vs. WiMAX vs. "Data"

Wi-Fi vs. Bluetooth vs. WiMAX vs. “Data”

Wi-Fi Bluetooth

• Local area networks • Personal area networks • Up to 600 Mbits/sec • Up to 3 Mbits/sec • Network access without the • Connect devices without cords physical cable drop

• Metropolitan area networks • Local area networks • Up to 600 Mbits/sec • Up to 150 Mbits/sec • Broadband everywhere without • Data access on personal the cable infrastructure devices

WiMAX LTE / HSPA / EvDO

**006 So Wi-Fi versus Bluetooth versus WiMAX versus data. Wi-Fi is considered a local area network; up to 66 Mbits/sec internally. Now of course you're going to be limited to whatever your broadband access-- if you're connecting from a house-- whatever your broadband access is for stuff- traffic outside the local area network.

If I have a 3-megabit pipe to the outside world, and I have five computers on it, all sharing that pipe, probably won't be getting very fast YouTube uploads from my Wi-Fi. If I have a 20-megabit it's much faster.

Page 9 of 12 But internally if I'm sharing files from one laptop to another on the local network, 600 Mbits/sec is pretty fast. It's almost as fast as plugging a USB 3 drive in, downloading to the USB 3 drive on one end, and then having to upload on the other end.

Network access without the physical cable drop. That's the biggest user feature for Wi-Fi. I don't have to have cables anymore to connect.

Bluetooth. Personal area network. Up to 3 Mbits/sec. Connects devices without cords. We'll discuss in a minute that the newer versions of Bluetooth create the session using Bluetooth but then actually switch it over to an 802.11 communication channel. So you can get faster than 3 Mbits/sec with Bluetooth technically; but it's not actually using Bluetooth in order to get the faster than 3 Mbits/sec. It's using-- it switches over to 802.11 to get those faster speeds.

WiMAX. Metropolitan area network; covers a city, a metropolitan area. Again, up to 600 Mbits/sec. Depends on how close you are to the tower broadcasting the signal.

I tried to switch my home internet to just using clear. I wasn't able to get a consistent signal, and I was only getting between-- I was supposed to get 6, and I think I was getting 3 to 4 Mbits/sec, when it was working.

Page 10 of 12 So you have to- you have to concern yourself with the same environmental factors that affect cellular signals. Does my house get a strong enough signal? What is-- how many users are on that local WiMAX signal? Because that's going to affect the speeds you actually see. Broadband everywhere without the cable infrastructure.

And then LTE, HSPA and EvDO. Local area network. Up to 1150Mbits/sec, depending on which we're talking about. Will you ever see 150 Mbits/sec? Probably not. If you're the only person on the network, sitting under the tower, maybe. But doubtful.

And it's for data access on personal devices such as cell phones, laptops, etcetera; laptops with a LTE connection.

Page 11 of 12 Notices

Notices

This material has been approved for public release and unlimited distribution except as restricted below. This material is distributed by the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) only to course attendees for their own individual study. Except for the U.S. government purposes described below, this material SHALL NOT be reproduced or used in any other manner without requesting formal permission from the Software Engineering Institute at [email protected].

This material is based upon work funded and supported by the Department of Defense under Contract No. FA8721-05-C-0003 with Carnegie Mellon University for the operation of the Software Engineering Institute, a federally funded research and development center. The U.S. Government's rights to use, modify, reproduce, release, perform, display, or disclose this material are restricted by the Rights in Technical Data-Noncommercial Items clauses (DFAR 252-227.7013 and DFAR 252-227.7013 Alternate I) contained in the above identified contract. Any reproduction of this material or portions thereof marked with this legend must also reproduce the disclaimers contained on this slide. Although the rights granted by contract do not require course attendance to use this material for U.S. Government purposes, the SEI recommends attendance to ensure proper understanding. NO WARRANTY. THE MATERIAL IS PROVIDED ON AN “AS IS” BASIS, AND CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES, IMPLIED OR OTHERWISE (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, RESULTS OBTAINED FROM USE OF THE MATERIAL, MERCHANTABILITY, AND/OR NON-INFRINGEMENT). CERT® is a registered mark of Carnegie Mellon University. .

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