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English Contents ENGLISH CONTENTS (for Color Plates, see pages 21-32) 122 Participants 219 Appendices 220 (1) Liverworts 125 Institutional Profiles 228 (2) Mosses 128 Acknowledgments 234 (3) Ferns and Fern Relatives 129 Mission and Approach 252 (4) Seed Plants 318 (5) Terrestrial Mollusks 130 Report at a Glance 320 (6) Spiders 137 Why Alejandro de Humboldt National Park? 330 (7) Other Arachnids 332 (8) Dipterans 139 Conservation in the Park 336 (9) Hymenopterans 139 Current Status 346 (10) Amphibians and Reptiles 140 Conservation Targets 350 (11) Amphibians and Reptiles of El Toldo 143 Threats 352 (12) Birds 147 Recommendations 360 (13) Mammals 153 Technical Report 362 Literature Cited 153 Inventory Sites 154 Physical and Geographic Characteristics 368 Previous Reports 158 Vegetation 172 Liverworts 174 Mosses 177 Ferns and Fern Relatives 182 Seed Plants 184 Terrestrial Mollusks 186 Spiders 189 Other Arachnids 191 Dipterans 193 Hymenopterans 195 Amphibians and Reptiles 200 Amphibians and Reptiles of the Altiplanicie El Toldo 202 Birds 209 Mammals 212 Knowledge and Use of Fauna 216 Human Communities CUBA: HUMBOLDT NOVIEMBRE/NOVEMBER 2005 121 PARTICIPANTS FIELD TEAM Miguel Abad Salazar (coordination) Jorge L. Delgado Labañino (mammals, human communities) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Unidad de Servicios Ambientales “Alejandro de Humboldt” Santiago de Cuba, Cuba Guantánamo, Cuba [email protected] Luis M. Díaz (amphibians and reptiles) Félix Acosta Cantillo (vegetation) Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Cuba Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad La Habana, Cuba Santiago de Cuba, Cuba [email protected] [email protected] María del Carmen Fagilde Espinosa (seed plants) Giraldo Alayón García (spiders) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Cuba Santiago de Cuba, Cuba La Habana, Cuba [email protected] [email protected] Andrew Farnsworth (birds) William S. Alverson (seed plants) Cornell Lab of Ornithology Environmental and Conservation Programs Ithaca, NY, U.S.A. The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, U.S.A. [email protected], [email protected] [email protected] José L. Fernández Triana (hymenopterans) Tim Barksdale (videography) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Cornell Lab of Ornithology Santiago de Cuba, Cuba Ithaca, NY, U.S.A. [email protected] [email protected] Ansel Fong G. (amphibians and reptiles) Gerardo Begué (birds, mammals, logistics) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Unidad de Servicios Ambientales “Alejandro de Humboldt” Santiago de Cuba, Cuba Guantánamo, Cuba [email protected] [email protected] Robin B. Foster (seed plants) Greg Budney (birds) Environmental and Conservation Programs Cornell Lab of Ornithology The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, U.S.A. Ithaca, NY, U.S.A. [email protected] [email protected], [email protected] Gabriel Garcés González (dipterans) Manuel J. G. Caluff (ferns and fern relatives) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba Santiago de Cuba, Cuba [email protected] [email protected] 122 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO. 14 Guillermo Knell (logistics, amphibians and reptiles) Eduardo Portuondo F. (hymenopterans) Environmental and Conservation Programs Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, U.S.A. Santiago de Cuba, Cuba [email protected] [email protected] Eduardo Iñigo-Elias (birds) Pascual Ramírez Samón (mammals) Cornell Lab of Ornithology Unidad de Servicios Ambientales “Alejandro de Humboldt” Ithaca, NY, U.S.A. Guantánamo, Cuba [email protected] Orlando J. Reyes (vegetation) David Maceira F. (terrestrial mollusks) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba Santiago de Cuba, Cuba [email protected] [email protected] Freddy Rodríguez Santana (birds) Eddy Martínez Quesada (seed plants) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba Santiago de Cuba, Cuba [email protected] [email protected] Kenneth Rosenberg (birds) Alicia Isabel Medina Turró (human communities) Cornell Lab of Ornithology Unidad de Servicios Ambientales “Alejandro de Humboldt” Ithaca, NY, U.S.A. Guantánamo, Cuba [email protected] [email protected] Alexander Sánchez-Ruiz (spiders) Luis O. Melián Hernández (birds) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba Santiago de Cuba, Cuba [email protected] [email protected] Gustavo Shelton (ferns and fern relatives) Debra K. Moskovits (coordination) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Environmental and Conservation Programs Santiago de Cuba, Cuba The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, U.S.A. [email protected] [email protected] Mayelín Silot Leyva (human communities) Yazmín Peraza (coordination, human communities) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Cuba Santiago de Cuba, Cuba La Habana, Cuba [email protected] [email protected] CUBA: HUMBOLDT NOVIEMBRE/NOVEMBER 2005 123 Douglas F. Stotz (birds) Ángel Motito Marín (mosses) Environmental and Conservation Programs Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, U.S.A. Santiago de Cuba, Cuba [email protected] [email protected] Rolando Teruel (other arachnids) Kesia Mustelier Martínez (liverworts) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba Santiago de Cuba, Cuba [email protected] [email protected] Rolando Villaverde López Ramona Oviedo Prieto (seed plants) (physical and geographic characteristics, logistics) Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática Unidad de Servicios Ambientales “Alejandro de Humboldt” La Habana, Cuba Guantánamo, Cuba [email protected], [email protected] [email protected] María E. Potrony (mosses) Nicasio Viña Dávila (coordination, amphibians and reptiles) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba Santiago de Cuba, Cuba [email protected] [email protected] Sophia Twichell (coordination, logistics) Corine Vriesendorp (seed plants) Environmental and Conservation Programs Environmental and Conservation Programs The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, U.S.A. The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, U.S.A. [email protected] [email protected] Nicasio Viña Bayés (amphibians and reptiles) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad COLLABORATORS Santiago de Cuba, Cuba Zoe Marylín Álvarez Bruno (human uses of fauna) [email protected] Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Tatzyana (Tyana) Wachter (coordination, logistics) Santiago de Cuba, Cuba Environmental and Conservation Programs [email protected] The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, U.S.A. Dan Brinkmeier (exhibitions and conservation communication) [email protected] Environmental and Conservation Programs Bárbaro Zabala Lahitte (physical-geographic characteristics) The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, U.S.A. Unidad de Servicios Ambientales “Alejandro de Humboldt” [email protected] Guantánamo, Cuba Oliver Matos Sánchez (mammals) [email protected] Unidad de Servicios Ambientales “Alejandro de Humboldt” Guantánamo, Cuba 124 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO. 14 INSTITUTIONAL PROFILES The Field Museum Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad and Museo de Historia Natural “Tomás Romay” The Field Museum is a collections-based research and The mission of the Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad educational institution devoted to natural and cultural diversity. (BIOECO) is to carry out specialized, interdisciplinary studies in Combining the fields of Anthropology, Botany, Geology, Zoology, the Eastern Region of Cuba that define and characterize the most and Conservation Biology, Museum scientists research issues in important and interesting areas for the conservation of biodiversity. evolution, environmental biology, and cultural anthropology. BIOECO also works to establish the means and methods for Environmental and Conservation Programs (ECP) is the branch conservation of these areas and the wise use of their resources, as of the Museum dedicated to translating science into action that well as to contribute to the ecological recovery and the sustainable creates and supports lasting conservation. ECP collaborates with socioeconomic and cultural development of the region. another branch, the Center for Cultural Understanding and BIOECO has four Divisions: Change, to ensure that local communities are involved in efforts for long-term protection of the lands on which they depend. With I The Tomás Romay Museum of Natural History losses of natural diversity accelerating worldwide, ECP’s mission is I Botanical Gardens to direct the Museum’s resources—scientific expertise, worldwide I Natural Sciences collections, innovative education programs—to the immediate I Protected Areas needs of conservation at local, national, and international levels. These Divisions conduct scientific studies, management of protected The Field Museum areas, ecological planning, in-situ and ex-situ conservation, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive environmental education, and community projects. Chicago, Illinois
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