If You face any difficulty in understanding - send Query to https://t.me/Aswath_Institute or call at 8058257969( 8 PM - 9 PM ) Syllabus covered: Minerals: Metallic and Non-Metallic(Geography of ) Power Resources: Renewable and Non-Renewable. Minerals Rajasthan is the richest state in terms of availability & variety of minerals in the country and produces about 16 different minerals along with minor minerals. Rajasthan is the sole producer of lead & Zinc ores, selenite & wollastonite. Almost entire production of silver in the country comes from Rajasthan.

Two types of minerals: 1. Metallic mineral: 1. Ferrous mineral: Iron Ore, Magnesium, Chromite 2. Non-ferrous mineral: Copper, Bauxite, Lead, Zinc, Tungsten, Chromite, Gold, Silver

2. Non-metallic mineral: 1. Fuel mineral: Coal, Petroleum, Natural Gas 2. Others non-metallic mineral: Mica, Limestone, graphite, Asbestos, Felspar, Gypsum, Rock phosphate, Dolomite, china clay, fire clay, magnesite, barytes, soap stone, Uranium, Building stone, precious stone.

Metallic Ferrous Mineral: 1. Iron Ore: • Iron ores are rocks and minerals from which metallic iron can be economically extracted. The ores are usually rich in iron oxides and vary in color from dark grey, bright yellow, or deep purple to rusty red. The iron is usually found in the form of magnetite, hematite, goethite, limonite, Siderite, 1. Hematite 2. Magnetite • Hematite(Iron Ore): • North east part(Rajasthan) - Morija-Banol area(Chomu-Jaipur) - Nim-ka thana area - Dhabala railway station area: Raj-Haryana border - Nimla area: Dosa • South east part(Rajasthan) - East side of Aravali - Bhilwara(Indragarh, Padarpal, Dag) - - Dungarpur(lohariya,khachariya, talvara) - (Nathara ki pal, thur hundear, loharpur) - Banswara(Kamalpur, lamiya)

2. Manganese: • Important raw material for smelting of iron ore & also used for manufacturing ferro alloys. • Manganese deposits are found in almost all geological formation, however, it is mainly associated with Dharwad system. • In Rajasthan, mainly present in Banswara, Udaipur, Jaipur, Swai-Madhopur districts

Non-Ferrous Metals 1. Bauxite: • Ore which is used in manufacturing of aluminium. • Found mainly in tertiary deposits and is associated with laterite rocks occurring extensively either on the plateau or hill ranges of peninsular & also in the coastal tracts of the country.

www.AswaTHinstitue.com 2. Copper(ताँबा) • Is an indispensable metal in electrical industry for making wires. • It is alloy-able, malleable & ductile

Area District

खेतड़ी(khetari) Jhunjhunu िसं घाना(Shinghana) Alwar खो-दरीबा(kho-dariba)

दरीबा (dariba) Udaipur

िबदासर (bidasar) Bikaner

3. Lead & Zinc(सीसा और जसा): • Lead: Rajasthan contain 80% of total produce in India • Zinc: Rajasthan contain 99% of total produce in India • Mixture of lead & Zinc contain content of Silver. Area Location

Jaawar area Udaipur - Zinc smelting planting in Debari by Govt. of India

Rajpura-Dariba area Udaipur

Agucha-gulabpura area Bhilwara

4. Silver & Gold: • Anandapur area of has found gold deposits.

www.AswaTHinstitue.com 5. Tungsten: • The mine located at Degana(Nagaur, Rajasthan) is the only mine in the country where the production of tungsten is being done. Deposit/mines Location

Degana Naguar

Sewariya, Peepaliya, Bijoliya village Border -Naguar • some probability of presence in pali

6. Beryllium • It was the silicate of aluminium, that was present in green, light green, white colours. • Rajasthan: - All production of beryllium in Rajasthan was purchased by central government & that was used by energy commission. - Udaipur & Jaipur are two most producer of Be. Area Location

आमेट के िबरल, िसकारवाड़ी, िसलेका, गढ़ा, चमा गुढ़ा, रान आमेट - Udaipur

गुज़रवाड़ा, बानदरिसं धरी - Jaipur

देवड़ा, ितलोली - Bilwara

Non-metallic minerals: 1. Mica: • Used in electrical & electronic industries. It can be split into very thin sheets which are tough & flexible. • Presence(Rajasthan) - Jaipur-Tonk - Bhilwara-Udaipur - Taravati(Sikar), Ajmer, Rajsamand, Alwar, Pali

2. Gypsum • Used in plaster of Paris, chemical reactions. • 90% gypsum was produce in Raj. • Area: 1. Bikaner-Ganganagar-Churu 2. Nagaur(गोठ-माँगलोद) 3. Jaisalmer-Barmer-Pali-Jodhpur

3. Marble(संगमरमर) Quality Location

North-Eastern Parts Rajasthan

- White, Pink, Black marbles - मकराना(Nagaur) - KSG, parbatsar, alwar, sikar, sirohi

South-western Parts

- Udaipur, Rajsamand, Banswara

Other District: - Jalore, Pali, Bundi, Ajmer

www.AswaTHinstitue.com Energy/Power Resources: Power resources types 1. Conventional(or non-renewable energy) • Coal, Petroleum, Natural gas(known as fuel), nuclear energy minerals, etc

2. Non-conventional(or Renewable energy) • Wind, solar, tides, hydroelectric power, etc

Conventional Energy: Coal: • Types: anthracite > Bituminous>>>>>> Lignite coal • Used in the generation of thermal power & smelting of iron ore • Coal occurs in rock sequences mainly of two geological ages, namely Gondwana & tertiary deposit. • Coal occurs in rock sequences mainly of 2 geological ages, namely Gondwana & tertiary deposits • About 80% of the coal deposits in India is of bituminous type & is of non-cooking grade. • The most important Gondwana coal field are located in Damodar Valley. • Other river Valley associate with coal are Godavari, Mahanadi & Sone.

www.AswaTHinstitue.com Natural Gas: Reserves area Location

तनोटे, मिनहारी, िटबा, घोटाक, ड़ाडेवाला - Jaisalmer - घोटाक(जैसलमेर) helium gas पाप की जाती हे ।

रागेसरी , कामेसरी - Barmer

सूरतगढ़ - Ganganagar • State Govt Yojana: • Annata vidyut project - Gas based thermal power plant was started in Annata(1989) • Gas based vidhyut planet was established in Ramgarh (Jaisalmer)

Non-conventional Energy: • Rajasthan Energy development agency(REDA): 21st June,1985 - For development of non-conventional energy sources in Rajasthan. • Rajasthan Akshay Energy Nigam: - Village electrification through solar energy - Solar city program - Energy conservation program Hydro-electricity(जल िवदुत): • Rajasthan get 39.6% electricity by hydro electric. Project /Yojana River State: Dams

चमल पिरयोजना - Chambal river Rajasthan 1. Gandhi sagar 2. Ranapratap sagar 3. Kota(Jawhar sagar) dam

भाखड़ा-नांगल योजना

माही िवदुत योजना - Mahi river

वास पिरयोजना

इंिदरा गांधी नहर पिरयोजना

Wind Energy: - Central govt~~Indira Gandhi Canal~~Tata Energy Research Institute,Delhi~~Rajasthan Project/Plant: Energy Location Date

1st: Wind energy project/ 2MW - Jaisalmer 14 aug, 1999 amar sagar pavan Sarja pariyojana:

2nd: Devgarh wind energy - Partapargh - 6 march, 2004 plant

3rd: Bhithadi wind energy - 210MW - Falodi(Jodhpur) project

www.AswaTHinstitue.com Topic covered:(Economics/geography) Major power resources:- Thermal, solar and atomic, petroleum oil field

Thermal Energy: • Thermal power plant use coal as fuel for generating energy. In Rajasthan the quality and quantity of coal was poor for energy generation. So, it mostly depend upon importing the coal from other states. Rajasthan: - Presence of lignite/Brown coal(presence of carbon component only 45-55%) Coal field(Tertiary) Location

1(a)Palani, (b)Khari, (c)Chanerie, (d)Ganga sarovar, Bikaner (e)Barsingsir, (f)Deshnokh 2.Merta road Nagaur

3.Kapoordi Barmer

Thermal power plant in Rajasthan: Power plant Location Current MW Gerneration Under

Kota thermal power plant Kota 1240MW RVUNL(Raj. Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam ltd.) Suratgarh thermal power Ganganagar 1500MW RVUNL plant Chabada thermal power Banara 2320MW+1320MW(june20 RVUNL plant 19) Kalisindh thermal power Jhalawar 600MW RVUNL plant Satpuda plant Guj-Raj-M.P ~raj-125MW

Barsihapur power plant 125MW

Kapurdi and Jalipa thermal Barmer power plant Hadrala power plant Bikaner 125MW

www.AswaTHinstitue.com Bhadesar thermal power Barmer 100MW plant Neveali thermal power Bikaner 500MW plant

Solar Energy: • After Gujarat, Rajasthan was 2nd place in production of solar energy. • Rajasthan Solar Energy Plan: 2014 • On 17 may 2011 Bheru khira village, Bikaner become Asia's 1st solar power plant producing electricity. • State’s 1st solar park at Badala(Falodi) • The state's first canal-top solar plant in Hanumangarh's Mainawali village. The 2 MW plant will generate more than 24 lakh unit electricity every year. • Green energy corridor: Banaskhanta(Guj.)~~to~~Moga(Punjab) - It Include states 5 district: Ajmer, Chittorgarh, Nagaur, Jodhpur, Bikaner Project/plant: Energy Location Help

Solar Energy project - 30MW - Jodhpur - Global environment fund technical help Solar power plant - 830MW - Falodi(Jodhpur)

Khinvsar solar energy plant - 5MW - Nagaur

Gorir solar photovoltaic - 100MW - Jhunjhunu

Dhuniya solar energy plant - 5MW - Jodhpur

Mokala solar energy - 50MW - Jaisalmer project Aagoriya solar power - 50MW - Barmer project

Nuclear/Atomic Power/energy resources: • Main source of atomic power generation: Uranium & Thorium

1. Rawatbhata(Chittorgarh) - Uranium, heavy water - 2580MW - Country 2nd nuclear fuel complex was stabilised in Rawatbhata on 9 sept, 2017. 500 tonne of uranium bundle are form every year. 2. Banswara(on construction)~~4*700MW capacity Uranium Location

- Udaipur, Alwar, Jhunjhunu - RJ

- Durg - Chhattisgarh

- Bhandhara - Maharastra

- Kullu - H.P

Petroleum: • It is an essential source of energy for all internal combustion engines in automobiles, railways and aircraft. • Crude petroleum occurs in sedimentary rocks of the tertiary period. • Oil exploration & production was systematically taken up after the Oil & Natural Gas commission was set up in 1956. www.AswaTHinstitue.com Fours basin areas: 1. Barmer-Sanchor basin 2. Jaisalmer basin 3. Bikaner-Nagaur basin 4. Vindhya basin • At present, Rajasthan taken 2nd place in mineral oil production after the Assam.

Rajasthan Refineries: • Pachpadra (Barmer) - Sates 1st & Country 26th refinery - State government + Hindustan Petroleum Cooperation limited(HPCL)

Oil wells in Rajasthan: Mangala, Bhagyam, Ashwariya, Lijiya, Shakti, Kameshwari, Rageshwari, Saraswati. (मंगला, भागम, अशिरया, िलिजया, शकी, कमेशरी, रागेशरी, सरसती) Companies : 1. Karyan energy India limited~~ Scotland 2. Oil and natural gas commission(ONGC) 3. ESSAR Oil 4. Indian Oil company 5. Oil India Limited

Operation Saraswati: Operated by ONGC in western Rajasthan in search of adequate water.

Department of Mines & Geology:(http://www.mines.rajasthan.gov.in/dmgcms/page? menuName=U/TcLwXbxWrpRTAziIP1YF2XHCB9gDpO) The State of Rajasthan is very rich in Mineral Resources in terms of variety, quality and quantum. The Department of Mines and Geology (DMG) has been formed with the purpose of discovery, development and administration of these mineral resources in the State and has been focusing on multiple core functions: • Survey and prospecting for new mineral deposits and their conformity evaluation by Geological, Geophysical, Geochemical and Drilling techniques to make them ready for exploitation. www.AswaTHinstitue.com • Mineral administration including grant of mineral concessions, collection of royalty &dead rent, systematic and scientific mining, environment restoration & development, promoting and ensuring mining and mineral movement as per set rules &procedures and to check & stop illegal mining. • Extend facilities of its well-equipped laboratory to the stake holders of exploration, prospecting and exploitation of minerals. • Promote public and private sectors to enhance mineral availability in the state to encourage mineral based Industrialization.

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