Fire Management Today Is Published by the Forest Service of the U.S
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Fire today ManagementVolume 73 • No. 3 • 2014 BEING PREPARED United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Fire Management Today is published by the Forest Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC. The Secretary of Agriculture has determined that the publication of this periodical is necessary in the transaction of the public business required by law of this Department. Fire Management Today is for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, at: Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: 202-512-1800 Fax: 202-512-2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-0001 Fire Management Today is available on the World Wide Web at <http://www.fs.fed.us/fire/fmt/index.html>. Tom Vilsack, Secretary Melissa Frey U.S. Department of Agriculture General Manager Thomas L. Tidwell, Chief Mary A. Carr, EMC Publishing Arts Forest Service Editor Tom Harbour, Director Fire and Aviation Management The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audio- tape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimi- nation, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. June 2014 Trade Names (FMT) The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement of any product or service by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Individual authors are responsible for the technical accuracy of the material presented in Fire Management Today. Fire Management Today 2 Fire Management today Volume 73 • No. 3 • 2014 On the Cover: CONTENTS Anchor Point: Fire Doctrine–Where Has All the Fire Doctrine Gone? ........................ 4 Tom Harbour Fire Adapted Communities ........................ 7 Pam Leschak Proactive Protection: A Community-Wide Approach to Wildfire Preparedness ....................... 9 Molly Mowery and Cathy Prudhomme Setting the Stage: The Role of a Fire Department in a Fire Adapted Community .................... 13 A house inside of the Fourmile Lucian Deaton Canyon Fire near Boulder, CO, in the wildland-urban interface. The 7,000-acre fire claimed nearly 170 How the Insurance Institute for Business and Home Safety houses in the first days of the blaze. Is Working With Its Partners To Advance the Creation of For several of the houses that were Fire Adapted Communities ..................... 15 saved, the homeowners had properly prepared their land for the potential Insurance Institute for Business and Home Safety staff of wildfire, including building with fire-resistant materials, as well as Fire Prevention—Who Ya Gonna’ Call? ............... 18 preparing defensible, fuel-minimized Helene Cleveland spaces in the areas surrounding the structure. Photo by Matthew B. Slaby, National Interagency Adopting a Learning Network Approach for Growing Fire Fire Center. Adapted Communities ......................... 20 Nick Goulette, Lynn Decker, Michelle Medley-Daniel, The USDA Forest Service’s Fire and Aviation and Bruce Evan Goldstein Management Staff has adopted a logo reflecting three central principles of wildland Firewise: Empowering Wildland-Urban Interface Residents fire management: To Take Responsibility for Their Wildfire Risk ......... 25 • Innovation: We will respect and value thinking minds, voices, and thoughts of Michele Steinbergn those that challenge the status quo while focusing on the greater good. Ready, Set, Go! Florida Wildfire Program ............. 28 • Execution: We will do what we say we Ronda Sutphen will do. Achieving program objectives, improving diversity, and accomplishing targets are essential to our credibility. Wildfire, Wildlands, and People: Homeowners • Discipline: What we do, we will do well. in the Wildland-Urban Interface .................. 30 Fiscal, managerial, and operational Susan M. Stein, James Menakis, Mary A. Carr, Sara J. Comas, Susan I. discipline are at the core of our ability to Stewart, Helene Cleveland, Lincoln Bramwell, Volker C. Radeloff fulfill our mission. Forest Service Response to Nonfire Emergencies ....... 34 Gordy Sachs New and Revised Fire Effects Tools for Fire Management . 37 Robert E. Keane, Greg Dillon, Stacy Drury, Robin Innes, Penny Morgan, Duncan Lutes, Susan J. Prichard, Jane Smith, and Eva Strand Firefighter and public safety is our first priority. Volume 73 • No. 3 • 2014 3 Anchor by Tom Harbour Director, Fire and Aviation Management Point Forest Service FIRE DOCTRINE— WHERE HAS ALL THE FIRE DOCTRINE GONE? judgment in application, while Definition—Doctrine is the body of principles that sets the adherence to rules does not. In moral or ethical standard and forms the foundation of judg- combination, principles and rules ment, mode of action, decision, and behavior. It is authoritative guide our fundamental wildland fire but flexible, definitive enough to guide specific operation, yet suppression practices and behav- adaptable enough to address diverse and varied situations. iors and are mutually understood at every level of command. The —Doctrine (<http://fsweb.wo.fs.fed.us/fire/fam/doctrine/index.htm>) agency’s belief that doctrine will continue to assist us as we endeav- or to work in this ever-changing, oday, I write this Anchor Point can—even with reasonable mitiga- high-risk, and high-consequence article with a heavy heart after tion—result in harm to firefighters wildland fire environment contin- the loss of the 19 Granite engaged in fire suppression opera- T ues to be strong. Mountain Interagency Hotshot tions. In recognition of this fact, Crew members on the Yarnell we are committed to the aggressive Today, our vision for Fire and Hill Fire in Arizona—19 young management of risk.” Aviation Management has evolved men who did not return home on to “safely and effectively extinguish June 30, 2013, who will forever The original purpose of the Fire fire, when needed; use fire where be missed, who paid the ultimate Suppression Doctrine, accepted by allowable; manage our natural sacrifice in service to others. Our the agency in 2006, was to assist us resources; and as a Nation, live hearts go out to the families, in evolving operational doctrine to with wildland fire” (Wildland Fire friends, and co-workers of these keep pace with change. Using the Leadership Council 2010). brave men. We have and will con- principles of a doctrine requires tinue to keep them in our thoughts and prayers; most importantly, we will never forget. We must learn Doctrine establishes a particular way of thinking about from what happened and vow that, together, we will do everything pos- sible to ensure an incident like this never happens again. fire suppression and our way of fire suppression, a philosophy for leading firefighters on the fireline, a - As we remember the Granite mandate for professionalism, and a common language. Mountain Interagency Hotshot Doctrinal development benefits from our collective ex Crew, I would ask each of you to perience and distills its lessons to further education and reflect on the foundational doc- training. trine that guides fire suppression in the Forest Service, beginning Our doctrine within the Forest Service begins with the with the operational environment philosophy contained in our mission statement. This that states, “No resource or facil- philosophy underlies publications that contain tactics, - ity is worth the loss of human life; techniques, and procedures for specific functions. This however, the wildland fire suppres- body of thought helps form firefighters and fire suppres sion environment is complex and sion leaders through its implementation in possesses inherent hazards that education and training. Fire Management Today 4 • Mitigating the effects and managing fatigue of Principles of Risk mind and body is a fire suppression leadership, Management as well as personal, responsibility. • Safety is the ability firefighters have to deal • To promote a bias for action, firefighters are with risks or hazards to avoid damage or losses expected to maximize suppression opportuni- and yet still achieve the leader’s intent. ties while minimizing exposure to inherent • Risk management is a dynamic process exer- risks. cised by everyone having fire suppression • Organizational learning is crucial to risk man- responsibilities or duties; it allows individuals agement. Firefighters are students of fire and to assess a given situation and take what they continually learn from all situations including determine is the most appropriate course of successes, failures, agency safety investiga- action based on leaders’ intent. tions, and reviews. The agency fosters an atmo- • The agency recognizes and accepts the inher- sphere of willful communication. Therefore, it ent risks associated with fire suppression. is critical that employee statements for agency Firefighters will