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Exercendo O “Dereito Ao Esquecemento”

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Exercendo O “Dereito Ao Esquecemento” Exercendo o “dereito ao esquecemento” Desaparecer da internet ou minimizar a nosa pegada dixital é posible, con todo, esta práctica require ser constante e seguir unha serie de pasos para exercer o que se coñece como “dereito de supresión”, máis coñecido como “dereito ao esquecemento”. Neste artigo describiranse os pasos que deberemos seguir para eliminar o noso rastro da Rede ou, polo menos, reducilo ao máximo. Desde a OSI queremos lembrar que poñemos ao dispor dos usuarios a Liña de Axuda en Ciberseguridad de INCIBE para dar resposta a todas as cuestións relacionadas coa nosa privacidade e seguridade na Rede. O Regulamento Xeral de Protección de Datos (https://www.osi.es/es/actualidad/blog/2018/01/30/proteccion-de-datos-que-novedades-se-avecinan) dita que calquera persoa ten dereito a solicitar, baixo certas condicións, que as ligazóns aos seus datos persoais non figuren nos resultados de procura na internet realizada polo seu nome. Esta posibilidade é o que comunmente se coñece como “exercer o dereito ao esquecemento” e que, noutras palabras, obriga aos buscadores da internet, como Google, a dar todas as facilidades para suprimir da Rede calquera dato persoal con cuxa publicación non estea de acordo a persoa interesada. Ás veces, estes resultados poden vincularse con información desactualizada, erros de fonte mal documentada ou de carácter malicioso. Vexámolo a través dun exemplo: Nosa protagonista, a nai da familia Cibernauta, atopábase facendo un pouco de egosurfing (https://www.osi.es/es/actualidad/blog/2015/11/06/egosurfing-que-sabe-internet-de-nosotros) sobre ela e a súa familia por curiosidade. Para a súa sorpresa, atopou unha web onde aparecía como debedora dun contrato telefónico cun operador moi famoso. Aínda que é certo que tivera problemas con esta empresa no pasado, todos os pagos foron liquidados e non había ningún tipo de débeda que saldar. Rapidamente mobilizouse e púxose en contacto cos administradores do sitio web para solicitar a retirada desa información, con todo, non recibiu resposta algunha. Como se trataba de información que podería prexudicala a ela e á súa familia, non llo pensou dúas veces e púxose en contacto coa Axencia Española de Protección de Datos (https://www.aepd.es/es/areas-de- actuacion/internet-y-redes-sociales/derecho-al-olvido. Eles explicaron paso a paso á nosa protagonista como debía proceder para eliminar a devandita información da internet. Finalmente, a nai da familia conseguiu o seu obxectivo e tras presentar próbalas pertinentes e seguir os pasos requiridos, conseguiu impedir que terceiras persoas puidesen acceder a esa información que non era correcta. Como podo exercer o dereito ao esquecemento en buscadores? Desde que se asinase a sentenza (https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf? docid=152065&doclang=ES) en maio de 2014 onde o Tribunal de Xustiza da Unión Europea declarase que as persoas teñen dereito a solicitar aos motores de procura que retiren determinados resultados das súas procuras, os principais motores puxeron ao dispor dos usuarios unha serie de formularios cos que realizar as súas peticións: 1. Formulario de Google (https://www.google.com/webmasters/tools/legal-removal-request? complaint_type=rtbf&visit_id=1-636515271663747244- 1730995169&hl=es&rd=1&pli=1&authuser=1%20) 2. Formulario de Yahoo (https://io.help.yahoo.com/contact/index? page=contactform&locale=es_ES&token=Zh %2FBBVqXzLHlIbokbUqVWTUbuuQeXGkGFw6kaYtcsz3bJLmIlI3EUv0z8vEZZIiUaV M %2FeyBEjFUCaMU2WNilF1pt08EKxz55Rcv1x17V0EmPwqCwTMq3EFzwfnJNrIXz0Jm kcIODVsGATkR7pX7Nwg%3D%3D&selectedChannel=email-icon&yid=) 3. Formulario de Bing (https://www.bing.com/webmaster/tools/eu-privacy-request) Google mesmo facilitou unha web desde a que poderemos comprobar as estatísticas destas solicitudes. Cando nos atopemos nunha situación similar e queiramos eliminar unha determinada información ou unha URL dos principais buscadores, deberemos seguir estes pasos: 1. Acceder ao formulario correspondente ao buscador do que queiramos eliminar esta información ou URL. Neste exemplo, seguiremos o de Google. 2. Encher todos os campos do apartado A TÚA INFORMACIÓN: país de orixe, nome legal completo, dirección de correo electrónico de contacto, etc. 3. A continuación, cumprimentar os datos referentes á información persoal que queremos eliminar e onde se atopa aloxada (URL). 4. Tras ler e confirmar que entendemos a explicación do tratamento de datos, poderemos asinar a petición e enviala directamente a Google. Debemos ter en conta que a retirada de información non sempre é posible, xa que só deixará de estar visible a través do buscador (https://www.aepd.es/es/areas-de-actuacion/internet-y-redes-sociales/derecho-al-olvido), e que pode tardar un tempo en levar a cabo. Como podo exercer o dereito ao esquecemento en redes sociais? As redes sociais conteñen unha cantidade inmensa de información persoal sobre nós. Por sorte, tamén podemos exercer o dereito ao esquecemento” nelas e conseguir que se elimine toda a información que almacenan. Unha opción sería eliminar de maneira definitiva nosa propia conta de usuario. Con todo, como esta acción borrará todas as imaxes, vídeos e comentarios que publicásemos, moitas redes sociais dispoñen dunha opción para descargar toda a información do noso perfil. Así, aínda que eliminemos a nosa conta, poderemos ter acceso a todas as nosas publicacións e á información que non queiramos perder. • Como eliminar a miña conta de Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/help/250563911970368) • Como eliminar a miña conta de Instagram (https://es- la.facebook.com/help/instagram/139886812848894?helpref=related) • Como eliminar a miña conta de Twitter (https://help.twitter.com/es/managing-your- account/how-to-deactivate-twitter-account) • Como eliminar a miña conta de TikTok (https://support.tiktok.com/es) Se pola contra, consideramos que hai información publicada sobre nós noutros perfís e queremos reclamar a súa eliminación por falta de veracidade ou porque afectan á nosa imaxe e reputación, sempre podemos exercer o noso dereitos ARCO (acceso, rectificación, supresión, oposición https://www.osi.es/es/actualidad/historias-reales/2019/03/27/un-doble-en-la-red) ou pedir aos administradores do servizo que eliminen esta información a través dos mecanismos que faciliten para tal fin. Como podo exercer o dereito ao esquecemento en persoas falecidas? Segundo a LODGDD (https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2018-16673), as persoas vinculadas ao falecido, como familiares ou parella de feito, ou aquelas que fosen designadas previamente, poderán exercer o dereitos ARCO dos datos persoais da persoa falecida para a súa rectificación ou supresión (https://www.aepd.es/es/prensa-y-comunicacion/blog/conoces-las- novedades-de-la-nueva-ley-organica-de-proteccion-de-datos). Ademais, moitas redes sociais permiten designar un contacto de legado que poderá administrar a conta do falecido, que pasará a ser conmemorativa, como é o caso de Facebook (https://es- es.facebook.com/help/requestmemorialization), aínda que na maioría bastará con demostrar a nosa relación coa persoa segundo o establecido na LODGDD (Twitter (https://help.twitter.com/es/managing-your-account/contact-twitter-about-a-deceased-family- members-account), Instagram (https://www.facebook.com/help/instagram/264154560391256), Youtube (https://support.google.com/accounts/troubleshooter/6357590?hl=es). Este contacto poderá ademais solicitar a eliminación total da conta en nome do falecido. Como protexer a privacidade? • Agora que xa sabemos como exercer o noso dereito ao esquecemento, é importante que coñezamos como protexer a nosa privacidade cando navegamos pola rede para minimizar a pegada dixital que imos deixando ao noso paso: • Revisemos detidamente a información que compartimos na internet, especialmente en redes sociais (https://www.osi.es/es/campanas/redes-sociales). Unha soa fotografía pode revelar moita máis información do que cremos. • Cifremos aquela información especialmente sensible que debamos enviar por correo electrónico ou que queiramos almacenar na nube. • Á hora de navegar en redes abertas e pouco seguras, non debemos esquecernos de utilizar unha VPN (https://www.osi.es/es/actualidad/blog/2016/11/08/te-explicamos-que-es-una- vpn-y-para-que-se-usa) para crear unha rede privada coa que manter a nosa privacidade intacta. • Activar o modo incógnito cando naveguemos por Internet e, se nos esquecemos, convén eliminar cada certo tempo o historial, as cookies e mesmo o caché do noso navegador (https://www.osi.es/es/actualidad/blog/2019/11/08/sabias-que-los-navegadores-web- almacenan-mas-informacion-de-la-que). • Utilicemos contrasinais seguros (https://www.osi.es/es/campanas/contrasenas- seguras/mejora-tus-contrasenas) para protexer as nosas contas. • Ademais, temos á nosa disposición servizos de correos electrónicos temporais, especialmente útiles cando queremos crearnos unha conta dun só uso nalgunha web ou servizo. • Finalmente, lembremos actualizar os nosos dispositivos, así como manter activadas as ferramentas de protección como o antivirus (https://www.osi.es/es/actualidad/blog/2013/11/04/antivirus-siempre-activados-y- actualizados). Fonte: Oficina de Seguridad del Internauta (OSI).
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