DOCSLIB.ORG

State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: a World Survey of Sexual Orientation Laws: Criminalisation, Protection and Recognition (Geneva; ILGA, May 2016)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: a World Survey of Sexual Orientation Laws: Criminalisation, Protection and Recognition (Geneva; ILGA, May 2016) STATE-SPONSORED HOMOPHOBIA A WORLD SURVEY OF SEXUAL ORIENTATION LAWS: CRIMINALISATION, PROTECTION AND RECOGNITION 11TH EDITION AENGUS CARROLL TO www.ilga.org UPDATED OCTOBER 2016 SSHR_2016_ING_151016.indd 1 15/10/16 11:19 COPYRIGHT PAGE This 11th edition of State Sponsored Homophobia report was researched and written by Aengus Carroll and published by ILGA. It is copyright-free provided you cite both the author and the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA). Suggested citation: International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association: Carroll, A., State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition (Geneva; ILGA, May 2016). This report is available to download in Word or PDF formats. Separate PDFs of each region are also available. Digital versions of the map of LGB legislation in the world are available for print. State-Sponsored Homophobia and its world maps are published simultaneously in English and Spanish, and will be available in Arabic, Chinese, French and Russian. Download the maps and reports at www.ilga.org or contact [email protected] Coordination: Renato Sabbadini Design and typesetting: Renné Ramos Maps: Eduardo Enoki 2 STATE-SPONSORED HOMOPHOBIA - MAY 2016 SSHR_2016_ING_151016.indd 2 15/10/16 11:19 CONTENT FOREWORD: CO-SECRETARIES-GENERAL: RUTH BALDACCHINO AND HELEN KENNEDY ...........................................................5 AUTHOR’S PREFACE: AENGUS CARROLL ......................................................................................................................................................7 SOGIESC AT THE UN: HELEN NOLAN AND DIANA CAROLINA PRADO MOSQUERA ....................................................................... 13 DEVELOPMENT AND HUMAN RIGHTS: TWO COMPLEMENTARY FRAMEWORKS: ANDREW PARK AND LEE BADGETT .. 23 SUMMARY OF THE PROCESS TO DEVELOP THE ‘UNDP LGBTI INCLUSION INDEX’: SUKI BEAVERS .................................. 30 LGB LEGISLATION GLOBAL OVERVIEW ............................................................ 32 SAME-SEX SEXUAL ACTS LEGAL .............................................34 OTHER NON-DISCRIMINATION PROVISIONS SAME-SEX SEXUAL ACTS ILLEGAL ............................................36 SPECIFYING SEXUAL ORIENTATION ..........................................46 SAME-SEX SEXUAL ACTS - DEATH PENALTY ........................37 HATE CRIMES BASED ON SEXUAL ORIENTATION CONSIDERED AN AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCE .................46 EQUAL AGE OF CONSENT FOR SAME AND DIFFERENT SEX SEXUAL ACTS ....................................................38 INCITEMENT TO HATRED BASED ON SEXUAL ORIENTATION PROHIBITED .........................................................49 UNEQUAL AGE OF CONSENT FOR SAME AND DIFFERENT SEX SEXUAL ACTS ...................................................39 MARRIAGE OPEN FOR SAME-SEX COUPLES ...........................50 PROMOTION (‘PROPAGANDA’) AND ‘MORALITY’ SAME-SEX COUPLES OFFERED MOST RIGHTS ATTACHED LAWS THAT TARGET FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION TO MARRIAGE, [CIVIL PARTNERSHIPS, REGISTERED RELATED TO SEXUAL ORIENTATION ..........................................40 PARTNERSHIPS, CIVIL UNIONS, ETC] ........................................51 PROHIBITION OF DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT SOME RECOGNITION OF SAME-SEX RELATIONSHIPS BASED ON SEXUAL ORIENTATION .............................................42 IN LAW ..............................................................................................52 CONSTITUTIONAL PROHIBITION OF DISCRIMINATION JOINT ADOPTION BY SAME-SEX COUPLES ............................53 BASED ON SEXUAL ORIENTATION .............................................44 SECOND PARENT ADOPTION .......................................................54 CRIMINALISATION ............................................................................................. 55 AFRICA ............................................................................................................... 57 ALGERIA ............................................................................................57 MAURITIUS .......................................................................................76 ANGOLA ............................................................................................58 MOROCCO .........................................................................................76 BOTSWANA .......................................................................................59 NAMIBIA ............................................................................................78 BURUNDI ..........................................................................................60 NIGERIA .............................................................................................78 CAMEROON ......................................................................................61 SENEGAL ...........................................................................................81 COMOROS .........................................................................................62 SIERRA LEONE .................................................................................82 EGYPT ................................................................................................62 SOMALIA ...........................................................................................82 ERITREA .............................................................................................64 SOUTH SUDAN ................................................................................83 ETHIOPIA ...........................................................................................65 SUDAN ...............................................................................................84 GAMBIA .............................................................................................66 SWAZILAND ......................................................................................85 GHANA ..............................................................................................68 TANZANIA .........................................................................................86 GUINEA .............................................................................................69 TOGO ..................................................................................................87 KENYA ................................................................................................70 TUNISIA .............................................................................................88 LIBERIA ..............................................................................................72 UGANDA ............................................................................................89 LIBYA .................................................................................................72 ZAMBIA ..............................................................................................91 MALAWI ............................................................................................73 ZIMBABWE .......................................................................................93 MAURITANIA ....................................................................................75 STATE-SPONSORED HOMOPHOBIA - MAY 2016 3 SSHR_2016_ING_151016.indd 3 15/10/16 11:19 ASIA ................................................................................................................... 94 AFGHANISTAN ................................................................................94 MYANMAR .....................................................................................110 BANGLADESH ..................................................................................95 OMAN ..............................................................................................111 BHUTAN ............................................................................................96 PAKISTAN .......................................................................................112 BRUNEI DARUSSALAM ..................................................................96 QATAR .............................................................................................113 GAZA (IN THE OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY) ...........97 SAUDI ARABIA ..............................................................................114 INDIA ..................................................................................................98 SINGAPORE ...................................................................................115 INDONESIA (SOUTH SUMATRA AND ACEH PROVINCE) .....100 SRI LANKA .....................................................................................116 IRAN ................................................................................................102 SYRIA ..............................................................................................117 IRAQ ................................................................................................104 TURKMENISTAN ...........................................................................118 KUWAIT ..........................................................................................106 UNITED ARAB EMIRATES ...........................................................119 LEBANON .......................................................................................107
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Situation of LGBT Persons Version 2.0
    COUNTRY REPORT SEPTEMBER 2019 COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) Morocco Situation of LGBT persons version 2.0 © 2019 The Danish Immigration Service The Danish Immigration Service Ryesgade 53 2100 Copenhagen Denmark Phone: +45 35 36 66 00 newtodenmark.dk September 2019 All rights reserved to the Danish Immigration Service. The publication can be downloaded for free at newtodenmark.dk The Danish Immigration Service’s publications can be quoted with clear source reference. Front page photo: https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/63789/vers‐vague‐ migrants‐lgbt‐marocains.html MOROCCO - SITUATION OF LGBT PERSONS 2.0 List of Content Disclaimer ...........................................................................................................................................3 Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................................... 4 Executive summary ............................................................................................................................. 5 Methodology ...................................................................................................................................... 6 1. Background: changes over time in norms and values ....................................................................... 8 2. Situation of LGBT persons in Morocco ............................................................................................. 9 2.1 The legislative framework relating to sexuality ......................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Insert Your Title Here
    Neural Article Pair Modeling for Wikipedia Sub-article Matching? Muhao Chen1, Changping Meng2, Gang Huang3, and Carlo Zaniolo1 1 University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA fmuhaochen, [email protected] 2 Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA [email protected] 3 Google, Mountain View, CA, USA [email protected] Abstract. Nowadays, editors tend to separate different subtopics of a long Wiki- pedia article into multiple sub-articles. This separation seeks to improve human readability. However, it also has a deleterious effect on many Wikipedia-based tasks that rely on the article-as-concept assumption, which requires each entity (or concept) to be described solely by one article. This underlying assumption significantly simplifies knowledge representation and extraction, and it is vi- tal to many existing technologies such as automated knowledge base construc- tion, cross-lingual knowledge alignment, semantic search and data lineage of Wikipedia entities. In this paper we provide an approach to match the scattered sub-articles back to their corresponding main-articles, with the intent of facilitat- ing automated Wikipedia curation and processing. The proposed model adopts a hierarchical learning structure that combines multiple variants of neural docu- ment pair encoders with a comprehensive set of explicit features. A large crowd- sourced dataset is created to support the evaluation and feature extraction for the task. Based on the large dataset, the proposed model achieves promising results of cross-validation and significantly outperforms previous approaches. Large-scale serving on the entire English Wikipedia also proves the practicability and scala- bility of the proposed model by effectively extracting a vast collection of newly paired main and sub-articles.
    [Show full text]
  • Jury Convicts Man in Mount Vernon Double Murder by Steve Charing Hearing a Wisecrack from One of the Men
    AN INDEPENDENT VOICE FOR THE LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENDER COMMUNITIES OUT August 21, 2015 | Volume XIII, Issue 8 Jury Convicts Man in Mount Vernon Double Murder BY STEVE CHARING hearing a wisecrack from one of the men. Although both Three years after a botched robbery led to A third unidentified man was also involved victims were gay, the murder of two men in Mount Vernon, a in the robbery but identified Bass from a police ruled out a Baltimore jury convicted Quinton Decarlo photo lineup, according to the Baltimore hate crime as they Bass, 28 where he faces two life sentenc- Sun. determined that the es plus 140 years for fatally shooting Law- Three weeks after the shooting, po- motive for the attack rence Peterson, 56, and Joseph Alexander lice said that Bass, a drifter from Raleigh, was robbery. Ulrich, “Alex” Ulrich, Jr., 40. North Carolina, was ar- an actor who Ulrich died from gunshot wounds that rested on gun charges on had worked day. Peterson died in May 2014 following August 31, 2012. Officers ‘A case of with special- multiple surgeries and rehabilitation as a took Bass, who had a pre- senseless needs chil- result of shots to his torso. vious criminal record, into dren, had re- Larry Peterson and Alex Ulrich The victims were standing on the front custody after they found violence’ cently moved steps of a bed and breakfast – Empire him and four others drink- to Baltimore to start a photography as well as robbery and handgun counts. House, an historic 1874 brownstone – that ing alcohol in East Mount career.
    [Show full text]
  • Panama Country Report BTI 2018
    BTI 2018 Country Report Panama This report is part of the Bertelsmann Stiftung’s Transformation Index (BTI) 2018. It covers the period from February 1, 2015 to January 31, 2017. The BTI assesses the transformation toward democracy and a market economy as well as the quality of political management in 129 countries. More on the BTI at http://www.bti-project.org. Please cite as follows: Bertelsmann Stiftung, BTI 2018 Country Report — Panama. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung, 2018. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Contact Bertelsmann Stiftung Carl-Bertelsmann-Strasse 256 33111 Gütersloh Germany Sabine Donner Phone +49 5241 81 81501 [email protected] Hauke Hartmann Phone +49 5241 81 81389 [email protected] Robert Schwarz Phone +49 5241 81 81402 [email protected] Sabine Steinkamp Phone +49 5241 81 81507 [email protected] BTI 2018 | Panama 3 Key Indicators Population M 4.0 HDI 0.788 GDP p.c., PPP $ 23015 Pop. growth1 % p.a. 1.6 HDI rank of 188 60 Gini Index 51.0 Life expectancy years 77.8 UN Education Index 0.708 Poverty3 % 7.0 Urban population % 66.9 Gender inequality2 0.457 Aid per capita $ 2.2 Sources (as of October 2017): The World Bank, World Development Indicators 2017 | UNDP, Human Development Report 2016. Footnotes: (1) Average annual growth rate. (2) Gender Inequality Index (GII). (3) Percentage of population living on less than $3.20 a day at 2011 international prices. Executive Summary The election and the beginning of the mandate of Juan Carlos Varela in July 2014 meant a return to political normality for the country, which had experienced a previous government under President Martinelli (2009-2014) characterized by a high perception of corruption and authoritarian tendencies in governance.
    [Show full text]
  • Sexual Preferences and Presentation on Geosocial Networking Apps by Indian Men Who Have Sex with Men in Maharashtra
    JMIR MHEALTH AND UHEALTH Rhoton et al Original Paper Sexual Preferences and Presentation on Geosocial Networking Apps by Indian Men Who Have Sex With Men in Maharashtra Jayson Rhoton1*, MA; J Michael Wilkerson1*, MPH, PhD; Shruta Mengle2*, MSc; Pallav Patankar2, MBA; BR Simon Rosser3*, LP, MPH, PhD; Maria L Ekstrand4, PhD 1Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Sceince Center Houston, Houston, TX, United States 2The Humsafar Trust, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India 3School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States 4Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States *these authors contributed equally Corresponding Author: Jayson Rhoton, MA Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences The University of Texas Health Sceince Center Houston 7000 Fannin Street 2610 I Houston, TX, 77030 United States Phone: 1 713 500 9757 Fax: 1 713 500 9750 Email: [email protected] Abstract Background: The affordability of smartphones and improved mobile networks globally has increased the popularity of geosocial networking (GSN) apps (eg, Grindr, Scruff, Planetromeo) as a method for men who have sex with men (MSM) to seek causal sex partners and engage with the queer community. As mobile penetration continues to grow in India, it is important to understand how self-presentation on GSN app is relevant because it offers insight into a population that has not been largely studied. There is very little information about how Indian MSM discuss their sexual preferences and condom preferences and disclose their human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status with potential sex partners on Web-based platforms.
    [Show full text]
  • Republic of Cyprus Ministry of Agriculture Rural
    REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND MARINE RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENT 1416 NICOSIA CYPRUS NATIONAL DATA COLLECTION PROGRAMME ANNUAL REPORT 2015 Prepared within the framework of Council Regulation (EC) No. 199/2008, Commission Regulation (EC) 665/2008 and Commission Decision 2010/93/EU Nicosia, May 2016 Table of Contents Section Section title Page no. I. General framework 1 II. National data collection organisation 2 II.A Nation al correspondent and participating institute s 2 II.B Regional and International coordination 4 II.B.1 Attendance of i nternational meetings 4 II.B.2 Follow -up of regional and i nternational recommendations 4 and agreements III. Module of the evaluation of the fishing sector 5 III.A General description of the fishing sector 5 III.B Economic variables 6 III.B.1 Achievements: Results and deviation from NP proposal 6 III.B.2 Data quality: Results and deviation from NP proposal 9 III.B.3 Actions to avoid deviations 9 III.C Metier -related variables 10 III.C.1 Achievements: Results and deviation from NP proposal 10 III.C.2 Data quality issues 12 III.C.3 Actions to avoid deviations 14 III.D Recreational fisheries 14 III.D.1 Achievements : Results and deviation from NP proposal 14 III.D.2 Data quality issues 15 III.D.3 Actions to avoid deviations 15 III.E Stock -related variables 15 III.E.1 Achievements: Results and deviation from NP proposal 15 III.E.2 Data quality issues 16 III.E. 3 Actions to avoid deviations 17 III.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Gas in the Eastern Mediterranean: the Coal and Steel of the 21St Century?
    EMERGING LEADERS PERSPECTIVES Natural Gas in the Eastern Mediterranean: The Coal and Steel of the 21st Century? By Kevin Johnson, Alex Ross, Endy Zemenides June 2015 Executive summary play as important a role in the region as coal and steel played in powering European integration. US strategic Over the past decade, significant natural gas deposits interests will be advanced by such regional coopera- have been found in the Levant Basin of the eastern tion, and the United States can play a key role in (a) Mediterranean. A 2010 US Geological Survey estimat- advancing the commercial viability of eastern Medi- ed that the Levant Basin may contain undiscovered terranean gas fields, (b) securing the resources, and (c) oil resources of 1.7 billion barrels and undiscovered developing regional structures. natural gas resources of 122 trillion cubic feet. In the short term, already commercially viable gas fields in the Exclusive Economic Zones of Israel and Cyprus will transform the economies of those states and promote their energy independence. These resources could also bolster Egypt and Jordan, where energy shortages could threaten the regimes. In the medium and long term, the energy resources of the eastern Mediterra- nean could help reduce Europe’s energy dependence on Russia to a degree. Perhaps the most intriguing prospect these resources present is the development of a structure for regional cooperation that promotes peace in this volatile region. Energy cooperation has already become the basis of unprecedented relations between Israel and Cyprus, and also between Greece, Cyprus, and Egypt. There are several indications that it could significantly contribute to the reunification of Cyprus, a lessening of Israeli-Arab tensions, and to better Greco-Turkish and Israeli-Turkish relations.
    [Show full text]
  • Post-Enactment Report Marriage Act 2015 (No. 35 of 2015) (Dáil Éireann
    Post-Enactment Report Marriage Act 2015 (No. 35 of 2015) (Dáil Éireann – Standing Order 164A) (Seanad Éireann – Standing Order 168) April 2019 Post Enactment Report Marriage Act 2015 (No. 35 of 2015) 1. Background to the Marriage Act 2015 A Constitutional Convention was established in 2012 to consider the question of whether an amendment should be made to the Constitution of Ireland to provide for marriage of same- sex couples. The Convention reported on that question in July 2013, and made 3 main recommendations: 1. That the Constitution be changed to allow for civil marriage for same-sex couples. 2. That an amendment be directive. 3. That further legislative change be made in the law on parentage, guardianship and upbringing of children. Almost 80% of the membership favoured changing the Constitution to allow for civil marriage for same-sex couples. The Government decided to hold a referendum on the question of allowing marriage to be contracted by two persons without distinction as to their sex. The Thirty-fourth Amendment of the Constitution (Marriage Equality) Bill 2015 proposed to insert the following section after section 3 of Article 41 of the Constitution: “4 Marriage may be contracted in accordance with law by two persons without distinction as to their sex.” The marriage equality referendum was held on 22 May 2015 and had a turnout of 61% of the electorate. The referendum was passed by 62% of voters which meant Ireland became the first sovereign state to extend marriage rights to same-sex couples by popular vote. Only one constituency returned a negative vote.
    [Show full text]
  • Gay Immigrants and Grindr: Revitalizing Queer Urban Spaces?
    Gay Immigrants and Grindr: Revitalizing Queer Urban Spaces? “Gay Dance Clubs on the Wane in the Age of Grindr,” proclaimed the journalist Michael Musto in the New York Times in 2016. Musto, who has reported on gay life in New York for decades, had noticed a decline in weekly dance parties. In speaking to club promoters and performers, Musto kept hearing the same thing: people would rather meet others via the comfort of their mobile phones than in a gay space. (“Clubs have been usurped by the right swipe”; “Social media changed the landscape of going out”; “Why pay an expensive cover charge and deal with rude bouncers when you can just swipe on your iPhone?” and so forth.) Similarly, a New Orleans bartender told gay reporter Chris Staudinger: “You could ask any bartender in New Orleans whether the apps have affected business in gay bars, and they would all say yes.” Scholarly research has also pointed to Grindr (and related platforms) as troublesome technologies that might obviate the need for urban gay spaces. Grindr (founded 2009) is a smartphone-only platform that allows mostly gay men (and also queer and trans people) to connect to others in their immediate vicinity via private messages. Related geo-social apps include gay platforms like Scruff, Hornet, Growler or Chappy, or the app versions of websites like Gaydar or PlanetRomeo, and mainstream equivalents like Tinder and Happn. These geo-locative platforms challenge the idea that a “gay space” needs to be a physical space distinct from a straight space, since the “grids of the Grindr interface can be overlaid atop any space” (Roth 2016: 441).
    [Show full text]
  • Of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex People in Europe and Central Asia
    OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION OF LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, TRANS AND INTERSEX PEOPLE IN EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA FIND THIS REPORT ONLINE: WWW.ILGA-EUROPE.ORG THIS REVIEW COVERS THE PERIOD OF JANUARY TO DECEMBER 2019. Rue du Trône/Troonstraat 60 Brussels B-1050 Belgium Tel.: +32 2 609 54 10 Fax: + 32 2 609 54 19 [email protected] www.ilga-europe.org Design & layout: Maque Studio, www.maque.it ISBN 978-92-95066-11-3 FIND THIS REPORT ONLINE: WWW.ILGA-EUROPE.ORG Co-funded by the Rights Equality and Citizenship (REC) programme 2014-2020 of the European Union This publication has been produced with the financial support of the Rights Equality and Citizenship (REC) programme 2014-2020 of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of ILGA-Europe and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Commission. ANNUAL REVIEW OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION OF LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, TRANS, AND INTERSEX PEOPLE COVERING THE PERIOD OF JANUARY TO DECEMBER 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS KAZAKHSTAN INTRODUCTION KOSOVO* A NOTE ON DATA COLLECTION AND PRESENTATION KYRGYZSTAN HIGHLIGHTS, KEY DEVELOPMENTS AND TRENDS LATVIA INSTITUTIONAL REVIEWS LIECHTENSTEIN LITHUANIA EUROPEAN UNION LUXEMBOURG UNITED NATIONS MALTA COUNCIL OF EUROPE MOLDOVA ORGANISATION FOR SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE MONACO MONTENEGRO COUNTRY REVIEWS NETHERLANDS ALBANIA NORTH MACEDONIA ANDORRA NORWAY A ARMENIA POLAND AUSTRIA PORTUGAL AZERBAIJAN ROMANIA BELARUS RUSSIA BELGIUM SAN MARINO BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA SERBIA BULGARIA SLOVAKIA
    [Show full text]
  • The Brief 2017
    THe BRieF The Official Journal of the Irish Institute of Legal Executives 2017 Anniversary Edition In this issue . Plus . Legal Costs Update Companies (Accounting) Act 2017 Bullying in the Workplace Modern Family: Relationships & Law Economy and Other Challenges Judical Appointment in Ireland THe BRieF 2017 Contents Page Page Message from the President 3 Bullying in the Workplace 12 Former Clients & Former Employers 4 Caught on Camera 13 Commissioner for Oaths Appointments 6 Modern Family: Relationships & Law 14 Legal Executives Talk 6 Legal Executive of the Year Award 15 Legal Costs Update 7 Judicial Appointment in Ireland 16 Companies (Accounting) Act 2017 8 Economy & Other Challenges 19 Griffith College Cork Conferring 10 30 Year Celebratory Photographs 21 Griffith College Dublin Conferring 11 Kilmainham Courthouse 22 “The Irish Institute of Legal Executives - (IILEX) is featured among the sponsors of the annual AIB Private Banking Irish Law Awards”. Legal Disclaimer EDITORIAL TEAM The Brief adopts an independent and inquiring approach We the Editorial team hereby extend many thanks to all of those towards the law and the legal profession. It is published for the who contributed articles as well as photographs for this 30th benefit of members of the Irish Institute of Legal Executives Anniversary Edition of the Official Journal of IILEX – “The Brief”. and therefore aims to keep them properly informed of developments in the law and legal practice. Your contribution and interest in being involved is much appreciated and makes all of the difference towards the As part of this objective, The Brief will act as an authoritative production of a quality publication.
    [Show full text]
  • The Challenges of Advancing Equal Rights for LGBT Individuals in an Increasingly Diverse Society: the Case of the French Taubira Law
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Supervised Undergraduate Student Research Baker Scholar Projects and Creative Work 5-2015 The Challenges of Advancing Equal Rights for LGBT Individuals in an Increasingly Diverse Society: the Case of the French Taubira Law Ashley M. Jakubek University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_bakerschol Recommended Citation Jakubek, Ashley M., "The Challenges of Advancing Equal Rights for LGBT Individuals in an Increasingly Diverse Society: the Case of the French Taubira Law" (2015). Baker Scholar Projects. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_bakerschol/29 This Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Supervised Undergraduate Student Research and Creative Work at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Baker Scholar Projects by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Challenges of Advancing Equal Rights for LGBT Individuals in an Increasingly Diverse Society: the Case of the French Taubira Law (Loi n° 2013-404 du 17 mai 2013 ouvrant le mariage aux couples de personnes de même sexe – Mariage Pour Tous) By Ashley Marissa Jakubek A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of: The Chancellor’s Honors Program, Political Science Honors, French Honors, and the Baker Scholars Program at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville May 2015 Advisors: Dr. Sébastien Dubreil and Dr. Anthony Nownes Jakubek 2 Introduction Globalization has brought unprecedented progressive change to society. The world has become significantly more connected with new technologies able to link individuals from across the world almost instantly, and people are more mobile than at any point in history (Blommaert 2010).
    [Show full text]