STATE-SPONSORED HOMOPHOBIA A WORLD SURVEY OF SEXUAL ORIENTATION LAWS: CRIMINALISATION, PROTECTION AND RECOGNITION 11TH EDITION AENGUS CARROLL TO www.ilga.org UPDATED OCTOBER 2016 SSHR_2016_ING_151016.indd 1 15/10/16 11:19 COPYRIGHT PAGE This 11th edition of State Sponsored Homophobia report was researched and written by Aengus Carroll and published by ILGA. It is copyright-free provided you cite both the author and the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA). Suggested citation: International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association: Carroll, A., State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition (Geneva; ILGA, May 2016). This report is available to download in Word or PDF formats. Separate PDFs of each region are also available. Digital versions of the map of LGB legislation in the world are available for print. State-Sponsored Homophobia and its world maps are published simultaneously in English and Spanish, and will be available in Arabic, Chinese, French and Russian. Download the maps and reports at www.ilga.org or contact [email protected] Coordination: Renato Sabbadini Design and typesetting: Renné Ramos Maps: Eduardo Enoki 2 STATE-SPONSORED HOMOPHOBIA - MAY 2016 SSHR_2016_ING_151016.indd 2 15/10/16 11:19 CONTENT FOREWORD: CO-SECRETARIES-GENERAL: RUTH BALDACCHINO AND HELEN KENNEDY ...........................................................5 AUTHOR’S PREFACE: AENGUS CARROLL ......................................................................................................................................................7 SOGIESC AT THE UN: HELEN NOLAN AND DIANA CAROLINA PRADO MOSQUERA ....................................................................... 13 DEVELOPMENT AND HUMAN RIGHTS: TWO COMPLEMENTARY FRAMEWORKS: ANDREW PARK AND LEE BADGETT .. 23 SUMMARY OF THE PROCESS TO DEVELOP THE ‘UNDP LGBTI INCLUSION INDEX’: SUKI BEAVERS .................................. 30 LGB LEGISLATION GLOBAL OVERVIEW ............................................................ 32 SAME-SEX SEXUAL ACTS LEGAL .............................................34 OTHER NON-DISCRIMINATION PROVISIONS SAME-SEX SEXUAL ACTS ILLEGAL ............................................36 SPECIFYING SEXUAL ORIENTATION ..........................................46 SAME-SEX SEXUAL ACTS - DEATH PENALTY ........................37 HATE CRIMES BASED ON SEXUAL ORIENTATION CONSIDERED AN AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCE .................46 EQUAL AGE OF CONSENT FOR SAME AND DIFFERENT SEX SEXUAL ACTS ....................................................38 INCITEMENT TO HATRED BASED ON SEXUAL ORIENTATION PROHIBITED .........................................................49 UNEQUAL AGE OF CONSENT FOR SAME AND DIFFERENT SEX SEXUAL ACTS ...................................................39 MARRIAGE OPEN FOR SAME-SEX COUPLES ...........................50 PROMOTION (‘PROPAGANDA’) AND ‘MORALITY’ SAME-SEX COUPLES OFFERED MOST RIGHTS ATTACHED LAWS THAT TARGET FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION TO MARRIAGE, [CIVIL PARTNERSHIPS, REGISTERED RELATED TO SEXUAL ORIENTATION ..........................................40 PARTNERSHIPS, CIVIL UNIONS, ETC] ........................................51 PROHIBITION OF DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT SOME RECOGNITION OF SAME-SEX RELATIONSHIPS BASED ON SEXUAL ORIENTATION .............................................42 IN LAW ..............................................................................................52 CONSTITUTIONAL PROHIBITION OF DISCRIMINATION JOINT ADOPTION BY SAME-SEX COUPLES ............................53 BASED ON SEXUAL ORIENTATION .............................................44 SECOND PARENT ADOPTION .......................................................54 CRIMINALISATION ............................................................................................. 55 AFRICA ............................................................................................................... 57 ALGERIA ............................................................................................57 MAURITIUS .......................................................................................76 ANGOLA ............................................................................................58 MOROCCO .........................................................................................76 BOTSWANA .......................................................................................59 NAMIBIA ............................................................................................78 BURUNDI ..........................................................................................60 NIGERIA .............................................................................................78 CAMEROON ......................................................................................61 SENEGAL ...........................................................................................81 COMOROS .........................................................................................62 SIERRA LEONE .................................................................................82 EGYPT ................................................................................................62 SOMALIA ...........................................................................................82 ERITREA .............................................................................................64 SOUTH SUDAN ................................................................................83 ETHIOPIA ...........................................................................................65 SUDAN ...............................................................................................84 GAMBIA .............................................................................................66 SWAZILAND ......................................................................................85 GHANA ..............................................................................................68 TANZANIA .........................................................................................86 GUINEA .............................................................................................69 TOGO ..................................................................................................87 KENYA ................................................................................................70 TUNISIA .............................................................................................88 LIBERIA ..............................................................................................72 UGANDA ............................................................................................89 LIBYA .................................................................................................72 ZAMBIA ..............................................................................................91 MALAWI ............................................................................................73 ZIMBABWE .......................................................................................93 MAURITANIA ....................................................................................75 STATE-SPONSORED HOMOPHOBIA - MAY 2016 3 SSHR_2016_ING_151016.indd 3 15/10/16 11:19 ASIA ................................................................................................................... 94 AFGHANISTAN ................................................................................94 MYANMAR .....................................................................................110 BANGLADESH ..................................................................................95 OMAN ..............................................................................................111 BHUTAN ............................................................................................96 PAKISTAN .......................................................................................112 BRUNEI DARUSSALAM ..................................................................96 QATAR .............................................................................................113 GAZA (IN THE OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY) ...........97 SAUDI ARABIA ..............................................................................114 INDIA ..................................................................................................98 SINGAPORE ...................................................................................115 INDONESIA (SOUTH SUMATRA AND ACEH PROVINCE) .....100 SRI LANKA .....................................................................................116 IRAN ................................................................................................102 SYRIA ..............................................................................................117 IRAQ ................................................................................................104 TURKMENISTAN ...........................................................................118 KUWAIT ..........................................................................................106 UNITED ARAB EMIRATES ...........................................................119 LEBANON .......................................................................................107