Lycium Ferocissimum
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NON-REGULATED PESTS (Non-Actionable)
Import Health Standard Commodity Sub-class: Fresh Fruit/Vegetables Grape, Vitis vinifera from Australia ISSUED Issued pursuant to Section 22 of the Biosecurity Act 1993 Date Issued: 20 December 2000 1 NEW ZEALAND NATIONAL PLANT PROTECTION ORGANISATION The official contact point in New Zealand for overseas NPPOs is the Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI). All communication pertaining to this import health standard should be addressed to: Manager, Import and Export Plants Ministry for Primary Industries PO Box 2526 Wellington NEW ZEALAND Fax: 64-4-894 0662 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.mpi.govt.nz 2 GENERAL CONDITIONS FOR ALL PLANT PRODUCTS All plants and plant products are PROHIBITED entry into New Zealand, unless an import health standard has been issued in accordance with Section 22 of the Biosecurity Act 1993. Should prohibited plants or plant products be intercepted by MPI, the importer will be offered the option of reshipment or destruction of the consignment. The national plant protection organisation of the exporting country is requested to inform MPI of any change in its address. The national plant protection organisation of the exporting country is required to inform MPI of any newly recorded organisms which may infest/infect any commodity approved for export to New Zealand. Pursuant to the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996, proposals for the deliberate introduction of new organisms (including genetically modified organisms) as defined by the Act should be referred to: IHS Fresh Fruit/Vegetables. Grape, Vitis vinifera from Australia. (Biosecurity Act 1993) ISSUED: 20 December 2000 Page 1 of 16 Environmental Protection Authority Private Bag 63002 Wellington 6140 NEW ZEALAND Or [email protected],nz Note: In order to meet the Environmental Protection Authority requirements the scientific name (i.e. -
African Boxthorn (Lycium Ferocissimum)
Managing weeds for biodiversity ● Recorded distribution African boxthorn (Lycium ferocissimum) The problem the original native vegetation cover has The leaves are generally 10–40 mm been removed, boxthorn’s dense foliage long, 4–10 mm wide, bright green, African boxthorn (commonly known may be used as habitat by native fauna smooth and rather fleshy. They are oval as boxthorn) is a widespread weed in such as fairy wrens and the fruit may in shape with a rounded tip and occur African boxthorn regional Australia. It is considered a be a food source for native animals. in clusters along branchlets and at the major problem because it invades native base of thorns. Many agencies, community groups and vegetation, alters habitat and overruns individuals expend considerable resources Boxthorn mainly flowers in spring and pastures and other areas. It forms dense, each year on planning and undertaking summer but flowers may be present any impenetrable thickets that exclude other boxthorn control. While not among time of year. Flowers hang on stalks, plants, can provide shelter and food the 20 Weeds of National Significance, singly or in pairs. They are white to for feral animals such as foxes, rabbits, ferocissimum – Lycium boxthorn was ranked a close 24th in the mauve with a tubular base, usually five- starlings and sparrows and reduce assessment of Australia’s worst weeds. lobed and about 12 mm in diameter. access for stock, native animals, people However, very little research has been Fruit is a smooth round berry, 5–12 mm and vehicles. Its large thorns can also done on its ecology. -
Vegetation Patterns of Eastern South Australia : Edaphic Control and Effects of Herbivory
ì ,>3.tr .qF VEGETATION PATTERNS OF EASTERN SOUTH AUSTRALIA: EDAPHIC CONTROL &. EFFECTS OF HERBIVORY by Fleur Tiver Department of Botany The University of Adelaide A thesis submitted to the University of Adelaide for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy ar. The University of Adelaide (Faculty of Science) March 1994 dlq f 5 þø,.^roÅe*l *' -f; ri:.f.1 Frontispiece The Otary Ranges in eastern und is near the Grampus Range, and the the torvn of Yunta. The Pho TABLE OF CONTENTS Page: Title & Frontispiece i Table of Contents 11 List of Figures vll List of Tables ix Abstract x Declaration xüi Acknowledgements xiv Abbreviations & Acronyms xvü CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION & SCOPE OF THE STUDY INTRODUCTION 1 VEGETATION AS NATURAL HERITAGE 1 ARID VEGETATION ) RANGELANDS 3 TTTE STUDY AREA 4 A FRAMEWORK FOR THIS STUDY 4 CONCLUSION 5 CHAPTER 2: THE THEORY OF VEGETATION SCIENCE INTRODUCTION 6 INDUCTTVE, HOLIS TIC, OB S ERVATIONAL & S YNECOLOGICAL VERSUS DEDU CTIVE, EXPERIMENTAL, REDUCTIONI S T & AUTECOLOGICAL RESEARCH METHODS 7 TT{E ORGANISMIC (ECOSYSTEM) AND INDIVIDUALISTIC (CONTINUUM) CONCEPTS OF VEGETATION 9 EQUILIBRruM & NON-EQUILIBRruM CONTROL OF VEGETATON PATTERNS T3 EQUILIBRruM VS STATE-AND-TRANSITON MODELS OF VEGETATON DYNAMICS 15 CONCLUSIONS 16 11 CHAPTER 3: METHODS IN VEGETATION SCIENCE INTRODUCTION t7 ASPECT & SCALE OF VEGETATION STUDIES t7 AUTECOT-OGY Crr-rE STUDY OF POPULATTONS) & SYNEC:OLOGY (TI{E STUDY OF CTfMML'NTTTES) - A QUESTION OF SCALE l8 AGE-CLASS & STAGE-CLASS DISTRIBUTIONS IN POPULATION STUDIES t9 NUMERICAL (OBJECTIVE) VS DES CRIPTIVE (SUBJECTTVE) TECHNIQUES 20 PHYSIOGNOMIC & FLORISTIC METHODS OF VEGETATION CLASSIFICATON 22 SCALE OF CLASSIFICATION 24 TYPES OF ORDINATON 26 CIOMBINATION OF CLASSIFICATION & ORDINATION (COMPLEMENTARY ANALY SIS ) 27 CONCLUSIONS 28 CHAPTER 4: STUDY AREA . -
A Molecular Phylogeny of the Solanaceae
TAXON 57 (4) • November 2008: 1159–1181 Olmstead & al. • Molecular phylogeny of Solanaceae MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS A molecular phylogeny of the Solanaceae Richard G. Olmstead1*, Lynn Bohs2, Hala Abdel Migid1,3, Eugenio Santiago-Valentin1,4, Vicente F. Garcia1,5 & Sarah M. Collier1,6 1 Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, U.S.A. *olmstead@ u.washington.edu (author for correspondence) 2 Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, U.S.A. 3 Present address: Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt 4 Present address: Jardin Botanico de Puerto Rico, Universidad de Puerto Rico, Apartado Postal 364984, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico 5 Present address: Department of Integrative Biology, 3060 Valley Life Sciences Building, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A. 6 Present address: Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, U.S.A. A phylogeny of Solanaceae is presented based on the chloroplast DNA regions ndhF and trnLF. With 89 genera and 190 species included, this represents a nearly comprehensive genus-level sampling and provides a framework phylogeny for the entire family that helps integrate many previously-published phylogenetic studies within So- lanaceae. The four genera comprising the family Goetzeaceae and the monotypic families Duckeodendraceae, Nolanaceae, and Sclerophylaceae, often recognized in traditional classifications, are shown to be included in Solanaceae. The current results corroborate previous studies that identify a monophyletic subfamily Solanoideae and the more inclusive “x = 12” clade, which includes Nicotiana and the Australian tribe Anthocercideae. These results also provide greater resolution among lineages within Solanoideae, confirming Jaltomata as sister to Solanum and identifying a clade comprised primarily of tribes Capsiceae (Capsicum and Lycianthes) and Physaleae. -
Boxthorn Lycium Ferocissimum
Boxthorn Lycium ferocissimum Family Solanaceae (nightshade) Also known as African boxthorn Where is it originally from? South Africa What does it look like? Densely branched, erect, evergreen shrub (<6 m tall) with tough, woody stems alternately branched at square angles, forming a box- like pattern, and with rigid spines (13 mm). Hairless, fleshy, bright green leaves (40 x 12 mm) are narrow, oblong and clustered along the stems. White to pale mauve flowers (10-13 mm) produced from July to March are followed by tear shaped orange red berries (5-12 mm) in autumn. Photo: Carolyn Lewis Are there any similar species? Hawthorn and barberry are similar. Lycium barbarum (L. chinense) is similar but is deciduous. Why is it weedy? Forms dense, tall, long-lived stands, excluding most other vegetation. Tolerates a wide variety of soil types (sand to rocky cliffs), drought, salt, wind, and hot to cold temperatures. Poisonous (usually not grazed). How does it spread? Birds and possibly possums. Common seed sources are farm hedges, roadsides, waste places. Photo: Carolyn Lewis What damage does it do? Overtops native plants and can become only woody plant species on site. Petrels and other seabirds can become entangled and die. Berries may poison birds. Which habitats is it likely to invade? Sand dunes, shrublands, cliffs, islands and other coastal areas, gravel, and roadsides. What can I do to get rid of it? 1. Hand pull seedlings, winch out larger plants (all year round): Plant material can be left on site. 2. Stump swab (all year round): glyphosate (200ml/L) or a product containing 100g picloram+300g triclopyr/L (200ml/L). -
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The Pastoral History, Biological and Cultural Signifi cance of the Scotia Country, far Western New South Wales MARTIN WESTBROOKE Centre for Environmental Management, University of Ballarat, Mt Helen, Victoria 3353 ([email protected]) Published on 28 August 2012 at http://escholarship.library.usyd.edu.au/journals/index.php/LIN Westbrooke, M. (2012). The pastoral history, biological and cultural signifi cance of the Scotia Country, far western New South Wales. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 134, A55-A68. The Scotia country of far western New South Wales, once part of the vast Lake Victoria lease and subsequently split into six smaller properties after WW1, has one of the shortest grazing histories in the state. The low stocking rates due to unsuitable feed provided by the mallee vegetation and limited water supplies have left native vegetation communities relatively intact and close to original condition. A natural salt lake system with rare plants and plant communities adds to the values of the area. This paper reviews the pastoral history of the area and the features which make the Scotia of outstanding conservation and cultural signifi cance. Manuscript received 19 October 2011, accepted for publication 11 January 2012. KEYWORDS: conservation, cultural, mallee, pastoral lease, plant communities, Scotia. INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE SCOTIA BLOCKS The Scotia country of approximately 200,000ha is located in far western New South Wales mid- The Scotia blocks (see Table 1) are located in far way between Wentworth and Broken Hill, latitude south western New South Wales to the west of the 33o43’S, longitude 143o02’E (Fig. -
Nanya Station, Western New South Wales Vegetation, Flora and Fauna
NANYA STATION, WESTERN NEW SOUTH WALES VEGETATION, FLORA AND FAUNA Prepared by Martin E. Westbrooke, Centre for Environmental Management, University of Ballarat Nanya Station, owned and managed by the University of Ballarat was purchased with assistance from the Department of Environment and Heritage. Ongoing management is supported by the Lower Murray Darling Catchment Management Authority FOREWORD 1 FOREWORD This booklet has been prepared as an introduction for visitors to Nanya. Nanya is managed for conservation, research and teaching and affords protection to highly significant environments including two endangered communities and seventeen endangered or vulnerable species. On your visit, please respect these values. NANYA STATION Nanya Station is located in the Scotia country of far western New South Wales and consists of the Nanya Western Lands Pastoral Lease 3281 – Perpetual Leasehold Lot 1244 in Deposited Plan 762778, Parish of Winnebaga, County of Tara. Nanya Homestead complex 2 BACKGROUND The Scotia region has one of the shortest stock grazing histories of western NSW. Along with five other properties, Nanya was created as a pastoral lease in 1927. Previously the area was part of the large Lake Victoria lease and stock grazing occurred only in wet years (Withers 1989). The original lease was taken up by Gordon Cummings in 1927. He first dug a dam near the southeast corner of the property. A larger ground tank and homestead at the site of the present complex was later established. An area around the homestead was cleared and cropped to provide feed for the horses used in digging the earth tanks. The ruins of the original building are located between the shearing shed and Homestead Tank. -
Eyre Peninsula NRM Board PEST SPECIES REGIONAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Lycium Ferocissimum African Boxthorn
Eyre Peninsula NRM Board PEST SPECIES REGIONAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Lycium ferocissimum African Boxthorn INTRODUCTION Synonym(s) Origin Lycium macrocalyx Domin., Lycium europaeum L. Lycium ferocissimum is native to the western and eastern (misapplied by Bailey, F.M. 1901, The Queensland Flora. 4: Cape Provinces of South Africa and the adjoining country of 1094.), Lycium chinense auct. non Mill.:Benth., partly. Lesotho [3]. Worldwide the introduced range includes Boksdorn, boxthorn. Morocco and Tunisia, south west Spain and Cyprus, Massachusetts, North Carolina and Florida in the USA, and Biology New Zealand [4]. In 1858 African boxthorn was established at the Adelaide African boxthorn Lycium ferocissimum Miers (Family Botanic Gardens, and was planted extensively as a Solanaceae) is an erect, intricately branched, semi- windbreak [5]. deciduous, perennial shrub up to five metres high, with rigid branches [1, 2]. Spines up to 15 cm long occur on the main stems, with smaller spines on the branchlets, which Distribution terminate in a spine [2]. African boxthorn has an extensive, In Australia, Lycium ferocissimum is a widespread introduced deep, root system [2]. Established plants produce suckers or weed in all but the driest and tropical regions, being found shoots from roots, including root fragments. African in all states and mainland territories [6] (Figure 1). It can boxthorn reproduces from seed. One or two flowers grow occur where the average annual rainfall is greater than 200 from leaf axils [2]. Flowering and fruiting occur mainly in mm and can be particularly abundant in wetter areas [7]. spring and summer (Table 1) [2], but are sporadic throughout the year [1]. -
Images from the Outback
Images from the Outback Item Type Article Authors Johnson, Matthew B. Publisher University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ) Journal Desert Plants Rights Copyright © Arizona Board of Regents. The University of Arizona. Download date 26/09/2021 00:25:31 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555917 Outback Johnson 21 species of Acacia are found in Australia (Orchard and Images from the Outback - Wilson, 200 I ), though only a relatively small percentage of Notes on Plants of the Australian these occur in desert habitats. Acacia woodlands can be dense or open, and are sometimes mixed with grasses including Dry Zone spinifex. Spinifex grasslands, dominated by species of Plectraclme and Triodia (p. 27) are widespread on sandy plains as well as rocky slopes and sand dunes. These grasses, Matthew B. Johnson many with stiff, rolled leaves that end in a sharp point, form Desert Legume Program clumps or tussocks. Fires are frequent in some spinifex The University of Arizona communities and the woody plants that grow there are 2120 East Allen Road necessarily fire-adapted. Chenopod shrublands are low stature communities composed of numerous shrubs and Tucson, AZ 85719 herbaceous plants in the Chenopodiaceae. Less widespread [email protected] than acacia woodland and spinifex grassland, this type of Yegetation is found mostly in the southern parts ofAustralia's A visit to the Sydney area of Australia in 1987 tirst sparked arid zone (Van Oosterzee, 1991 ). Beyond the deserts lie my interest in seeing more of the Island Continent and in semi-arid woodlands dominated by species of Euca~vptus particular, the extensive dry regions of the country. -
Implementation of Access and Benefit-Sharing Measures Has
BioControl https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-019-09988-4 (0123456789().,-volV)( 0123456789().,-volV) FORUM PAPER Implementation of access and benefit-sharing measures has consequences for classical biological control of weeds Luciana Silvestri . Alejandro Sosa . Fernando Mc Kay . Marcelo Diniz Vitorino . Martin Hill . Costas Zachariades . Stephen Hight . Philip Weyl . David Smith . Djamila Djeddour . Peter G. Mason Received: 12 August 2019 / Accepted: 5 December 2019 Ó The Author(s) 2019 Abstract The Convention on Biological Diversity control of weeds. This paper reviews the experiences and the Nagoya Protocol establish that genetic of Argentina, Brazil, South Africa, the USA, Canada resources shall be accessed only upon the existence and CABI in implementing access and benefit-sharing of prior informed consent of the country that provides regulations and the implications these measures have those resources and that benefits arising from their on the effective and efficient access, exchange and utilization shall be shared. Pursuant to both agree- utilization of biological control agents. We conclude ments several countries have adopted regulations on that policy makers should be made aware of the key access and benefit-sharing. These regulations have role biological control plays for agriculture and the created a challenging obstacle to classical biological environment and they are encouraged to develop tailored access and benefit-sharing legal frameworks that facilitate biological control research and Handling Editor: S. Raghu implementation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-019-09988-4) con- Keywords Nagoya protocol Á Classical biological tains supplementary material, which is available to authorized control of weeds Á Biodiversity Á Access and benefit- users. -
Flora and Vegetation of the Eastern Goldfields Ranges: Part 2. Bremer Range
Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 81:107-117, 1998 Flora and Vegetation of the Eastern Goldfields Ranges: Part 2. Bremer Range N Gibson & M N Lyons Science and Information Division, Department of Conservation and Land Management, Wildlife Research Centre, PO Box 51 Wanneroo WA 6065 email: [email protected]; [email protected] Manuscript received March 1997; accepted November 1997 Abstract A study of the flora and plant communities of the Bremer Range greenstone belt in the spring of 1994 recorded 267 taxa. Only eight weed species were recorded but this number is likely to increase if further work is carried out in a better season. The flora list included one species gazetted as rare and new populations of five rare or poorly known taxa. Three species appear to be endemic to the Bremer Range greenstone belt, one of which was collected for the first time. Six community types were defined from 64 sites spread across the range. The distribution of these community types appears to be primarily controlled by edaphic factors including soil water holding capacity. The floristic classification is in broad agreement with previous work but shows finer-scale patterning. None of the floristic communities or the endemic taxa are presently reserved. There has been significant impact on the vegetation of this range by mining and mineral exploration. Introduction time (possibly Cretaceous) of higher rainfall. Widespread laterization of the granites and greenstones is believed to The geology of ranges of the Goldfields region of have occurred during the Tertiary i.e. the last 65 My Western Australia has been subject to extensive and (Newbey 1988). -
Rangelands, Western Australia
Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Species List What is the summary for and where does it come from? This list has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. The list was produced using the AustralianAustralian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. For each family of plant and animal covered by ANHAT (Appendix 1), this document gives the number of species in the country and how many of them are found in the region. It also identifies species listed as Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, Endangered or Conservation Dependent under the EPBC Act. A biodiversity summary for this region is also available. For more information please see: www.environment.gov.au/heritage/anhat/index.html Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are notnot included included in in the the list. list. • The data used come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect. All species names have been confirmed as valid species names, but it is not possible to confirm all species locations.