Mock Test - 3 PTS Code - 017 GS Paper- 1
1.Ans: C 3. Ans: D Exp: The Himalayan Rivers forms the inconsequent Exp: Lead is a naturally occurring toxic metal or antecedent drainage pattern. Himalayan rivers found in the Earth’s crust. Its widespread were flowing even before the birth of Himalayas, use has resulted in extensive environmental so as the Himalayas rose but the rivers were contamination, human exposure and significant stubborn to not change their direction and they public health problems in many parts of the world. cut the mountains and found their way through Important sources of environmental the gorges. contamination include mining, smelting, Himalayas are young fold mountains like the Alps. manufacturing and recycling activities, and, in All the parallel ranges are separated by different some countries, the continued use of leaded faults. Main Central Thrust (MCT) separates paint, leaded gasoline, and leaded aviation Greater Himalaya and Lesser Himalaya. Main fuel. More than three quarters of global lead Boundary Thrust (MBT) separates Lesser consumption is for the manufacture of lead-acid Himalaya and Shiwaliks. Himalayan Front Fault batteries for motor vehicles. Lead is, however, (HFF) separates Shiwaliks from Northern Plains. also used in many other products, for example pigments, paints, solder, stained glass, lead crystal 2. Ans: D glassware, ammunition, ceramic glazes, jewellery, Exp: REEs or rare earth metals are a set of toys and in some cosmetics and traditional seventeen chemical elements in the periodic medicines. Drinking water delivered through lead table, specifically the fifteen lanthanides plus pipes or pipes joined with lead solder may contain scandium and yttrium. It consists of metals only. lead. Much of the lead in global commerce is now obtained from recycling. China is both the highest producer as well as possess the largest reserves. US comes second in Young children are particularly vulnerable to the terms of largest reserves. toxic effects of lead and can suffer profound and India has significant reserves and it permanent adverse health effects, particularly also produces significant quantities. affecting the development of the brain and nervous system. Lead also causes long-term harm in adults, including increased risk of high blood pressure and kidney damage. Exposure of pregnant women to high levels of lead can cause miscarriage, stillbirth, premature birth and low birth weight. www.uniqueshiksha.in 4. Ans: A Exp: Conservation reserves and community reserves in India are terms denoting protected areas of India which typically act as buffer zones to or connectors and migration corridors between established national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and reserved and protected forests of India. Such areas are designated as conservation areas if they are uninhabited and completely owned by the Government of India but used for subsistence by
08287 360 360 www.uniqueshiksha.com [email protected] /UniqueShiksha 1 Mock Test - 3 communities and community areas if part of the Right to property was made a legal right through lands are privately owned. 44th amendment act and not 42nd. These protected area categories were first Before the 42nd amendment, Article 74(1) stated introduced in the Wildlife (Protection) that, “there shall be a Council of Ministers with Amendment Act of 2002 − the amendment to the the Prime Minister at the head to aid and advise Wildlife Protection Act of 1972. These categories the President in the exercise of his functions”. were added because of reduced protection in However, there was a slight ambiguity whether and around existing or proposed protected areas the advice of the Council of Ministers is binding due to private ownership of land, and land use. on the President.
5. Ans: D Forty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India (1976) made it explicit that the Exp: The term basic structure is not defined by the President shall, “act in accordance with such Supreme Court yet, here are few comprehensions advice”. The amendment went into effect from 3 from its various judgements: January 1977. 1. Supremacy of the Constitution The 44th Amendment (1978) however added 2. Sovereign, democratic and republican nature that the President can send the advice back of the Indian polity for reconsideration once. But if the Council of 3. Secular character of the Constitution Ministers sends the same advice again to the President then the President must accept it. 4. Separation of powers between the legislature, The amendment went into effect from 20 June the executive and the judiciary 1979. 5. Federal character of the Constitution The preamble has been amended to substitute 6. Unity and integrity of the nation the words “SOVEREIGN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC”, 7. Welfare state (socio-economic justice) with the words “SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC” and the words “unity 8. Judicial review not judicial activism of the Nation” was substituted with “unity and 9. Freedom and dignity of the individual integrity of the Nation.”
10. Parliamentary system 7. Ans: D 11. Rule of law Exp: A graphical representation of the age and 12. Harmony and balance between Fundamental gender structure of population ideally defines Rights and Directive Principles a population pyramid. The horizontal axis 13. Principle of equality represents the population and vertical axis show the age groups, mostly by a gap of 5 years. Two bar 14. Free and fair elections diagrams,precisely for males, usually on left side 6. Ans: A and females on the right side of the graph,adds up to make a population pyramid. This single graph nd Exp: 42 Amendment Act added three new holds the power to show the past, present and directive principles. future of a country. • Article 39 A: states that the state shall The slope of pyramid indicate the death rate while provide free legal aid to ensure that equal the width of the base is related to birth rate. The opportunitieswww.uniqueshiksha.in for securing justice is ensured area of graph indicates total population, precisely to all, and is not denied by reason of economic based on age group or sex. Height of graph can or other disabilities. indicate life expectancy while the kinks indicate • Article 43 A: the state shall take steps to reductions in birth rate or increases in death rate promote their participation in management in the past. of industrial undertakings. This graph helps in distinguishing young • Article 48 A: It should protect and improve dependants, old dependants and working the environment and safeguard the forests population. As a part of policy making, this graph and wild life of the country. makes it easy to understand the comparison
2 08287 360 360 www.uniqueshiksha.com [email protected] /UniqueShiksha PTS Code - 017 between developed and developing nation. For Vajra Mudra: making decisions related to policies for future, a This gesture denotes the fiery thunderbolt that critical thinking and sufficient knowledge of the symbolizes the five elements, i.e. air, water, fire, population age structure is being provided by earth, and metal. It is performed with the help these pyramid graphs. The shape of the pyramid of right fist, left hand forefinger, which placed by can trace the past trend and also indicate the enclosing the erect forefinger of the left hand in potential for future development. the right fist with the tip of the right forefinger For instances, estimation of job opportunities touching (or curled around) the tip of the left in future can be concluded by analysing the forefinger. population trend. Similarly, the need of housing, Abhay Mudra: education and food production in future is speculated according to the age-structure shown It is a gesture of fearlessness or blessing that by the graph. represents the protection, peace, benevolence, and dispelling of fear. It is performed with the The age structure can also be used to help predict help of right hand by raising to shoulder height potential political issues. For example, the rapid with bent arm and the face of palm will be facing growth of a young adult population unable to find outward with fingers upright whereas the left employment can lead to unrest. hand hanging down while standing. This gesture is characteristic of Buddha Shakyamuni and Dhyani 8. Ans: A Buddha Amoghasiddhi. Exp: The Chandela or Chandel was Indian Rajput clan of Central India. They were popularly termed 10. Ans: B as Chandelas or Jejakabhukti dynasty in Indian Exp: Instrument in Support of Trade Exchanges is history. It was founded by Nannuk. A section of a project of the three governments of UK, France the Chandelas which was also known as Chandela and Germany to bypass US sanctions on Iran. Dynasty ruled much of the Bundelkhand region of INSTEX is a special payment system which will Central India for long periods approximately 500 help to save the Iran nuclear deal by allowing years between the 9th and the 13th centuries AD. Tehran to keep trading with EU companies despite In those days, Bundelkhand region was popularly Washington re-imposing sanctions. known by the name of Jejakabhukti. The Chandel dynasty is famous in Indian history for Maharaja INSTEX will support legitimate European trade Rao Vidyadhara, who repulsed the attacks of with Iran, focusing initially on the sectors most Mahmud of Ghazni and also for his temples art essential to the Iranian population such as and sculpture. They become more popular for the pharmaceutical, medical devices and agri-food artistically sculptured temples, made during their goods. INSTEX is primarily aimed at small and rule in Central India. medium-sized companies. In future, INSTEX will also be opened to third 9. Ans: B countries wanting to trade with Iran. INSTEX to Exp: Bhumisparsa Mudra be operational requires Iran to set up a parallel structure of its own. This gesture is also known as “touching the Earth” whichrepresents the moment of the 11. Ans: A Buddha’s awakening as he claims the earth as the witness of his enlightenment. It is Exp: Atal Tinkering Labs are dedicated works performedwww.uniqueshiksha.in with the help of the right hand, spaces where students (Class 6th to Class 12th) which is held above the right knee, reaching learn innovation skills and develop ideas that toward the ground with the palm inward while will go on to transform India. The labs are touching the lotus throne. powered to acquaint students with state-of- the-art equipment such as 3D printers, robotics Karana Mudra: & electronics development tools, IoT & sensors This gesture signifies the warding off evil which etc. is performed by raising the index and the little The lab activities are designed to spur the spark finger, and folding the other fingers. It helps of creativity, and go beyond regular curriculum in reducing sickness or negative thoughts. and text book learning. The labs will let students
08287 360 360 www.uniqueshiksha.com [email protected] /UniqueShiksha 3 Mock Test - 3 explore skills of future such as design and place restrictions on dividend distribution, computational thinking, adaptive learning and branch expansion, and management artificial intelligence. compensation etc.
12. Ans: A • Only in an extreme situation, RBI would identify a bank as a likely candidate Exp: It is published by the World Bank and the for resolution through amalgamation, WHO Global Health Observatory. The Global reconstruction or winding up. Health Expenditure Database (GHED) provides internationally comparable data on health The PCA framework is applicable only to spending. The database is open access and commercial banks and not extended to co- supports the goal of Universal Health Coverage operative banks, non-banking financial companies by helping monitor the availability of resources (NBFCs) and financial market infrastructure for health and the extent to which they are used (FMIs). efficiently and equitably. 14.Ans: A The GHED also includes new health expenditure Nyaya Bandhu indicators which allow financing sources to be separated into domestic and external • Pro Bono Legal services programme was sources. Additional new indicators make explicit launched by Sh. Ravi Shankar Prasad, Hon’ble the extent to which governments funds are Minister for Law & Justice in April 2017. transferred to mandatory, contributory health • An initiative of the Department of Justice, coverage schemes e.g. health insurance. These the programme is aimed at fulfilling the new indicators aim to support policy decisions Department’s critical mandate of enhancing and allow policy makers and other stakeholders “access to justice” for marginalised sections to more effectively monitor progress towards of the society and the State’s constitutional Universal Health Coverage (UHC), evaluate the obl. impact of health reforms, and compare data across countries and over time. • igation of providing “free legal aid” for all. For the first time, GHED reports data for a subset • The programme seeks to put in place an of countries not only on the sources of spending institutional structure which will promote pro but also on how the money was used, in terms bono culture in India. of healthcare functions, primary health care, and • The term pro bono, short for “pro bono disease and intervention category. publico”, is a Latin term which means “for the public good”. In practice, the term is used 13. Ans: B specifically in context of the legal profession- Exp: The PCA is Prompt Corrective Action referring to the practice of giving voluntary framework. The Reserve Bank has specified legal advice to individuals and organisations certain regulatory trigger points, as a part of PCA that are unable to afford legal advice and/ framework, in terms of three risk parameters: or cannot access legal aid. Those in genuine need of legal help are, thus, represented • Capital to Risk-weighted Assets Ratio (CRAR): a measure of bank’s capital by lawyers for free or at a minimal cost – presenting them with an opportunity to • Net Non-performing Assets (NPA): a measure meaningfully address their legal problems. of the bank’s assets quality www.uniqueshiksha.in• On one hand, the programme would facilitate • Return on Assets (RoA): a measure of bank’s delivery of quality legal assistance to the profitability marginalised communities, on the other hand It has three risk threshold levels (1 being the it would ensure that lawyers who volunteer lowest and 3 the highest) based on where a bank their valuable time and service, towards this stands on these ratios e.g. banks with 7.75% < public service, are duly recognized for their CRAR < 10.25% fall under threshold 1. contribution. On breach of any of the risk thresholds mentioned • Based on the premise of using technology to above, the RBI can invoke a corrective action plan. enhance access to justice for all, the Nyaya • Depending on the threshold levels, the RBI can Bandhu app will allow marginalised individuals
4 08287 360 360 www.uniqueshiksha.com [email protected] /UniqueShiksha PTS Code - 017 (referred to as “Applicants”), seeking quality Island, as the Indian plate was moving away from legal advice and counsel, to connect via a the ancient Gondwana continent. mobile application with “Advocates” who The East African Rift is described as an active type have volunteered their time and services on of rift, in which the source of these stresses lies in this platform. the circulation of the underlying mantle. Beneath 15. Ans: D this rift, the rise of a large mantle plume is doming the lithosphere upwards, causing it to weaken as Exp: Earth’s north magnetic pole has been drifting a result of the increase in temperature, undergo so fast in the last few decades that scientists say stretching and breaking by faulting. that past estimates are no longer accurate enough for precise navigation. Hot mantle rock that rises toward the earth’s surface in a narrow column is called a mantle • The magnetic north pole is wandering plume. Plumes can be located beneath continental about 55 kilometers a year. It crossed the or oceanic crust or along plate boundaries. International Date Line in 2017, and is leaving Plumes are thought to spread out laterally at the the Canadian Arctic on its way to Siberia. base of a continent, creating increased pressure • The constant shift is a problem for compasses that stretches the crust and results in uplift, in smart-phones and some consumer fracturing, rifting, or flood basalts. electronics. Airplanes and boats also rely on magnetic north, usually as backup navigation. The military depends on where magnetic north is for navigation and parachute drops. • It could affect some birds that use magnetic fields to navigate.
16. Ans: D • Arteries have the function of carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart to the entire body through the main artery, aorta. Aorta further leads to smaller arteries called 18.Ans: C arterioles that diverge into capillary beds. These smaller capillaries branch among the Exp: cells and tissues of the body. Rock System Remarks • Arteries supply pure oxygenated blood to the Dharwar Since they were first studied in capillaries which reaches to various tissues the Dharwar region of Karnataka, and cells of the body where exchange of they were named so. They are rich oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place in metallic minerals such as iron, manganese, gold, copper etc. They • Capillaries’ function is to carry blood are considered to be the storehouses away from the body and at cellular level; it of metallic minerals and hence have a exchanges nutrients, waste, and oxygen with high economic significance. tissues. Dravidian Also known as the Carboniferous rocks, these are found in the extra- • Veins are blood vessels that bring Peninsular regions of the Himalayas deoxygenatedwww.uniqueshiksha.in blood back to the heart and and the Gangetic plain drain out impure blood from organs and They are abundant in fossils, and limbs. Both veins and arteries have two more this period saw the beginning of coal tunics surrounding the endothelium. formation. Cuddapah Mainly found in the Cuddapah 17. Ans: D region of Andhra Pradesh. Shale metamorphic rocks are found, not the Exp: Volcanism at Reunion Island and Hawaii shale gas which is a sedimentary rock. Islands are cases of hotspot volcanism fueled by Vindhyan Diamond-bearing regions with Panna the mantle plume. Similarly Deccan traps were and Golconda diamonds being mined also formed due to hotspot activity at Reunion here.
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19.Ans: B through regulation and supervision of food safety. It was established under the Food Safety and Exp: Sela pass Tunnel is in Arunachal Pradesh. Standards Act, 2006 and operates under aegis Kamshet Tunnel is in Maharashtra. of Union Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. 20. Ans: B 22. Ans: D Exp: It is a special scheme to promote the Exp: Rozgar Yukta Gaon (RYG) aims at introducing cultivation of cereals such as millet, ragi, bajra and an ‘Enterprise-led Business Model’ in place of maize by setting up a millet village at Attappady, ‘Subsidy-led model’ through partnership among and not only millets. 3 stakeholders- KRDP-assisted Khadi Institution, The project aimed at protecting seeds of Artisans and Business Partner. traditional varieties of millets and ensures food It will be rolled out in 50 Villages by providing security and livelihood for tribals. 10,000 Charkhas, 2000 looms & 100 warping units to Khadi artisans, and would create direct 21. Ans: C employment for 250 Artisans per village. Exp: RUCO is an ecosystem that will enable the Another intervention is to set up 4 Design Houses collection and conversion of used cooking oil to across the country to capture regional variations, biodiesel. India is one of the largest consumers of to provide access to Khadi Institutions, to vegetable oil and so has the potential to recover evolve modern designs, ethnic wear etc. with an almost 220 crore litre of Used Cooking Oil (UCO) investment of Rs.5 crore each. for the production of biodiesel by the year 2022. Coincidently RUCO in Hindi means stop, The other key component is to make the ‘Production Assistance’ competitive and and so RUCO will serve as a word of caution to incentive based. The incentive structure focuses businesseswww.uniqueshiksha.in and consumers to step back and stop on improving productivity, turnover and quality usage of the cooking oil that has been repeated assurances, and would be extended on the heated for frying foods. basis of an objective scorecard. While the Khadi the food safety and security of India (FSSAI) Institutions would automatically be given the which is under the health and family welfare, has financial assistance of 30%, in order to become launched the programme. eligible for the additional incentive of 30%, these Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) institutions must strive for efficiency, optimal FSSAI is a nodal statutory agency responsible for utilization of resources, reduction of waste, protecting and promoting public health in India effective managerial practices etc.
6 08287 360 360 www.uniqueshiksha.com [email protected] /UniqueShiksha PTS Code - 017 23. Ans: D parties and candidates prior to elections, to Exp: The National Legal Services Authority ensure free and fair elections. This is in keeping (NALSA) has been constituted under the Legal with Article 324 of the Constitution, which gives Services Authorities Act, 1987 to provide free the Election Commission the power to Legal Services to the weaker sections of the supervise elections to the Parliament and state society and to organize Lok Adalats for amicable legislatures. The MCC is operational from the settlement of disputes. date that the election schedule is announced till Patron in Chief of NALSA is Chief Justice of India the date that results are announced. not Executive Chairman. The MCC is not enforceable by law. MCC is not a Functions of NALSA part of the Representation of the People Act, • Establishing Permanent and Continuous Lok Adalats in all the Districts in the country 1951. for disposal of pending matters as well as 25. Ans: D disputes at pre-litigative stage; Exp: The Minister of Human Resource • Establishing separate Permanent & Continu- Development launched Operation Digital Board ous Lok Adalats for Govt. Departments, Stat- to leverage technology in order to boost quality utory Authorities and Public Sector Undertak- ings for disposal of pending cases as well as education in the country. This make the learning disputes at pre-litigative stage; as well as the teaching process interactive and popularize flipped learning as a pedagogical • Accreditation of NGOs for Legal Literacy and approach. It will be launched in higher education Legal Awareness campaign; institutes also. • Appointment of “Legal Aid Counsel” in all the ODB aims at converting a class room into a Courts of Magistrates in the country; digital class room and in addition to availability • Disposal of cases through Lok Adalats on old of e-resources at any time and at any place pattern; to students, it will also help in provisioning • Publicity to Legal Aid Schemes and of personalised adaptive learning as well as programmes to make people aware about Intelligent Tutoring by exploiting emerging legal aid facilities; technologies like Machine Learning, Artificial • Emphasis on competent and quality legal Intelligence & Data Analytics. services to the aided persons; UGC will be the implementing agency • Legal aid facilities in jails; for ODB in HEIs. UGC in its Commission meeting held on 29th Jan 2019, has passed • Setting up of Counseling and Conciliation a resolution for extending digital education Centers in all the Districts in the country; to every classroom in the country by 2022. • Sensitisation of Judicial Officers in regard to It is estimated that there would be 5 lakh Legal Services Schemes and programmes; classrooms in the institutions which are aided • Publication of “Nyaya Deep”, the official by Centre or State Governments. Out of this, newsletter of NALSA; based on the readiness, UGC proposed to take up 300 universities and about 10,000 • Enhancement of Income Ceiling to colleges in the first phase covering 2 lakh Rs.1,25,000/- p.a. for legal aid before www.uniqueshiksha.inclassrooms. Supreme Court of India and to Rs.1,00,000/- p.a. for legal aid upto High Courts; and Such Institutions with readiness to implement • Steps for framing rules for refund of court would be preferred. For this purpose, UGC will fees and execution of Awards passed by Lok put in place a Portal for all the public funded HEIs Adalats. to log-in and opt for the scheme giving details of this facility. 24.Ans: D For the 2 lakh class rooms, the cost is estimated Exp: The MCC is a set of guidelines issued by the at Rs. 2000 crores. This can be implemented as a Election Commission to regulate political Central scheme, as a loan from HEFA.
08287 360 360 www.uniqueshiksha.com [email protected] /UniqueShiksha 7 Mock Test - 3 26. Ans: D Still they are not completely free from the Exp: Western Ghats are spread in six states viz. landslides due to lubrication action achieved by Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Tamil high rainfall and the fact that loose material lays Nadu, Kerala and two Union Territories viz. over the steep slopes e.g. the Nilgiris. Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Pondicherry (Mahe in Pondicherry is situated on the Malabar coast). The range starts near the border of Gujarat Since WGs are not tectonically active so risk of south of Tapti river. It ends at Anamudi Peak near landslides reduces compared to the Himalayas. Kanyakumari. 27. Ans: B Exp:
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8 08287 360 360 www.uniqueshiksha.com [email protected] /UniqueShiksha PTS Code - 017 28. Ans: D Achieving emotional integration of the country Exp: The Mimansa philosophy says that the 1. Helping in the arrest of growth of acute state- dharma is not accessible to reason or observation, consciousness, regionalism, linguism and instead, it must be inferred from the authority particularistic needs of the Vedas, which are considered eternal, 2. Enable centre and state to co-operate with authorless, and infallible. This implies that each other in social and economic matters rather than paying attention to God exists not, and exchange ideas and experience in order this philosophy focuses on the character of the to evolve economic policies. Dharma. 3. Help in removing the after effects of The Pūrva Mīmāṃsā explains the Dharma as separation in some cases so that the process a “virtue”, “morality” or “duty”. The duty is to of reorganisation, integration and economic follow the prescriptions of the Saṃhitās and their advancement may synchronize. Brāhmaṇa commentaries relating the correct performance of Vedic rituals. This implies that North eastern council is established separately by Dharma is the essentially ritualism, and there an act of parliament- North eastern council act is a great significance of the Karma or action in of 1971. Its members include- Assam, Manipur, attaining Dharma. Mizoram, Arunanchal Pradesh, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Tripura and Sikkim. The Purva Mimansa was postulated by Jamini. The ideology of Poorva Mimansa was to counteract 30. Ans: D the challenge by Buddhism and vedanta which Raman effect is one of the few technique marginalized the Vedic supremacy and sacrifices. Exp: This school got momentum in Gupta period and which can provide key information, easily and reached its climax in 7-8th century. Sabara and quickly, detailing the chemical composition and Kumaril Bhatta were two main interpretators. It the structure of the investigated materials. was one of the major forces to decline Buddhism Applications of Raman Effect in India, but later itself was eclipsed by Vedanta. • Study of corrosion: Raman spectroscopy is used to analyse the corrosion products and 29. Ans: D helps in developing anti-corrosive materials. Exp: The Zonal councils are the statutory bodies. • In the characterization of synthetic diamond: They are established by the act of Parliament, that Raman peak at 1332 cm-1 is a signature of is, State Reorganisation act of 1956. It divided diamond. the country into 5 zonal councils- Northern, Eastern, Western, Southern and Central. Several • Raman is widely used in characterization of factors have been taken into account while carbon nanotubes, graphenes. forming these zones which include natural • It can be used to identify minerals and their divisions of the country, river system and means polymorphic forms of communication, the cultural and linguistic • affinity and the requirement of the economic It can be used to identify and differentiate development, security and law and order. Each other organic and inorganic materials zonal council consists of • It can be used to determine particle size and 1. Home Minister of the central government distribution in thin sections and polished blocks 2. Chief ministerwww.uniqueshiksha.in of all states in a zone 3. Two other ministers from each state in a zone 31. Ans: B 4. Administrator of each UT in the zone. Exp: The government has launched a Global Environment Facility (GEF) assisted project Home minister of central government is the namely, “Green – Ag: Transforming Indian common chairman of the five zonal council. Each Agriculture for global environment benefits and CM of council acts as a vice-chairman of the the conservation of critical biodiversity and forest council in rotation, holding office for a period of landscapes” in collaboration with the Food and one year at a time. Agriculture Organization (FAO). Objectives of zonal councils are: The project seeks to mainstream biodiversity,
08287 360 360 www.uniqueshiksha.com [email protected] /UniqueShiksha 9 Mock Test - 3 climate change and sustainable land management A dependency ratio is the ratio of people in a objectives and practices into Indian agriculture. dependent age group (those under age 15 or The overall objective of the project is to catalyze ages 65 and older) to those in the economically transformative change of India’s agricultural productive age group (ages 15 to 64) of a sector to support achievement of national and population. For instance, a child dependency ratio global environmental benefits and conservation of 0.45 means there are 45 children for every 100 of critical biodiversity and forest landscapes. working-age adults. The project will support harmonization between India’s agricultural and environmental sector 34. Ans: A priorities and investments so that the achievement Exp: What is Contempt of Court? of national and global environmental benefits can • Contempt refers to the offence of showing be fully realized without compromising India’s disrespect to the dignity or authority of a ability to strengthen rural livelihoods and meet court. The Act divides contempt into civil and its food and nutrition security. criminal contempt. It will get Implemented in high-conservation- Types of Contempt of Court value landscapes of five States namely (i) Madhya Pradesh : Chambal Landscape, (ii) Mizoram: Dampa • Civil contempt refers to the wilful Landscape, (iii) Odisha: Similipal Landscape, (iv) disobedience of an order of any court. Rajasthan: Desert National Park Landscape and • Criminal contempt includes any act or v) Uttarakhand: Corbett-Rajaji Landscape. Dampa publication which: landscape in Mizoram is part of this project. (i) ‘scandalises’ the court, or 32. Ans: A (ii) prejudices any judicial proceeding, or Exp: The following provisions of the chapter on (iii) interferes with the administration of justice in Fundamental Right ensure civic equality: any other manner. (a) Equality before the law (Art 14) • ‘Scandalising the Court’ broadly refers to (b) Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of statements or publications which have the religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth (art effect of undermining public confidence in 150 the judiciary. (c) Equality of opportunity in matters of public Punishment for the contempt of court employment (Art-16) • High Court and Supreme Court are bestowed (d) Abolition of untouchability (Art-17) with the power to punish for the contempt of the court. (e) Abolition of titles (Art-18) • Under Section 12 of Contempt of Court Act, 33. Ans: C 1971, a contempt of court can be punished Exp: Census Town is defined as all other places with simple imprisonment for a term which which satisfied the following criteria: i) A minimum may extend to six months, or with fine which population of 5,000; ii) At least 75 per cent of may extend to two thousand rupees, or with the male main working population engaged in both. non-agricultural pursuits; and iii) A density of • However, in civil cases if the court considers population of at least 400 persons per sq. km. that a fine will not meet the ends of justice Statutorywww.uniqueshiksha.in Town is defined as all places with a and that a sentence of imprisonment is municipality, corporation, cantonment board or necessary shall, instead of sentencing him to notified town area committee, etc. simple imprisonment, direct that the he be detained in a civil prison for such period not Those workers who had worked for the major part exceeding six months as it may think fit. of the reference period (i.e. 6 months or more) are termed as Main Workers. Those workers who had • The court is not supposed to impose a not worked for the major part of the reference sentence for contempt of court in excess of period (i.e. less than 6 months) are termed as what is prescribed under this section either Marginal Workers. in respect of itself or of a court subordinate to it.
10 08287 360 360 www.uniqueshiksha.com [email protected] /UniqueShiksha PTS Code - 017 An accused may be discharged or the punishment Ujjwal DISCOM Assurance Yojana (UDAY) is the awarded may be remitted on apology being made financial turnaround and revival package for by the accused to the satisfaction of the court. An electricity distribution companies of India not apology is not supposed to be rejected merely on Saubhagya scheme. the ground that it is qualified or conditional if the accused makes it bona fide. 39. Ans: C Exp: Stagflation is a term used by economists to 35. Ans: B define an economy that has inflation, a slow or Exp: Bikaji Cama She unfurled the Flag of Indian stagnant economic growth rate, and a relatively independence in Stuttgart, Germany in 1907. high unemployment rate. Economic policymakers Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay was an Indian social across the globe try to avoid stagflation at all costs. reformer and freedom fighter. She was most With stagflation, a country›s citizens are affected remembered for her contribution to the Indian by high rates of inflation and unemployment. independence movement; for being the driving High unemployment rates further contribute to force behind the renaissance of Indian handicrafts, the slowdown of a country›s economy, causing hand looms, and theater in independent India; and the economic growth rate to fluctuate no more for upliftment of the socio-economic standard of than a single percentage point above or below a Indian women by pioneering the co-operation. zero growth rate.
36. Ans: C 40. Ans: A Exp: Karewas are the thick deposits of glacial clay Exp: and other materials embedded with moraines. • First Anglo-Mysore War (1767-1769) Kashmir Himalayas are famous for Karewa In 1767 Mysore was a powerful state under Hyder formations, which are useful for the cultivation Ali. In 1769, the first Anglo-Mysore war was of Zafran, a local variety of saffron. Almond fought in which Haider Ali defeated the British (badaam) and Walnut (akharott) is also grown and Treaty of Madras was signed between them. there. But Areca nut (supari) is grown in south Haider Ali occupied almost the whole of Carnatic. India. • Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780-1784) 37. Ans: A Warren Hastings attacked French port Mahe, Exp: Cirrus clouds exist at highest altitude (8- which was in Haider Ali’s territory. Haider Ali led 12 km) but they are found only in troposphere. a common front with Nizam and Marathas and In special circumstances they may be found the captured Arcot (Capital of Carnatic State). stratosphere. In July 1781, Haider Ali was defeated at Porto Cumulus clouds have wooly appearance. It is the Novo by Eyre Coote and saved Madras. cirrus clouds with feathery appearance. In December 1782, after the death of Haider Ali, Nimbus clouds indeed are rain-giving. That is why the war was carried on by his son Tipu Sultan. they have dark appearance. Tipu Sultan signed Treaty of Mangalore in March 1784 which ended the second Anglo-Mysore war. 38. Ans: C • Third Anglo-Mysore War (1789-1792) Exp: Saubhagya, seeks to ensure universal household electrification, that is, in both rural and The third war was fought between Tipu Sultan, urban areas.www.uniqueshiksha.in Under Saubhagya, beneficiaries will and British East Indian Company began in 1789 be identified using the Socio Economic and Caste and ended in Tipu’s defeated in 1792. In this Census (SECC) 2011 data. The identified poor war, Marathas and Nizam aided the British and households will get free electricity connections. Cornwallis captured Banglore. Other households not covered under the SECC, The war ended by signing of Treaty of will be provided electricity connections at a Seringapatnam, between Tipu Sultan and Lord cost of Rs 500. This amount will be collected Cornwallis. In this treaty, Tipu ceded half of his by the electricity distribution companies in 10 territories and two of his son’s as a hostage of installments. war.
08287 360 360 www.uniqueshiksha.com [email protected] /UniqueShiksha 11 Mock Test - 3 • Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1799) and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out In Fourth War 1799, the British army led by Lord of the utilization of biological resources; The Wellesley attacked and defeated Tipu Sultan SSBs also regulate, by granting of approvals or in a brief but fierce war. He met a heroic death otherwise requests for commercial utilization or on 4th May 1799 while defending his capital bio-survey and bio-utilization of any biological Seringapatnam. resource by Indians. The local level Biodiversity Management 41. Ans: D Committees (BMCs) are responsible for promoting Exp: Biosphere reserves have three inter- conservation, sustainable use and documentation connected functions: of biological diversity including preservation of • Conservation: protecting cultural diversity habitats, conservation of land races, folk varieties and biodiversity, including genetic variation, and cultivars, domesticated stocks and breeds species, ecosystems and landscapes and of animals and microorganisms and chronicling securing services provided by such diversity of knowledge relating to biological diversity. One of the key mandate of BMCs is to prepare • Development: fostering economic and human development that is environmentally Biodiversity Register, which documents the and socially sustainable and culturally elements of biodiversity in the areas, and issues appropriate pertaining to it’s sustainable utilization and befit sharing; the traditional knowledge associated • Logistic support: facilitating demonstration with it. projects, environmental education and sustainable development education and 43. Ans: C training, research, and monitoring. While education, research, monitoring and capacity Exp: The total strength of the Constitutent enhancement are seen as components of the Assembly was to be 389. Of these, 296 seats logistic or knowledge-generation function of were to be allowed to British India and 93 seats biosphere reserves, they are also integral to to Princely States. Out of 296 seats allotted to the conservation and development functions. the British India, 292 members were to be drown from the eleven governors provinces and four 42. Ans: A from chief commissioners provinces one from Exp: Biological Diversity Act (2002) aims at each, those include Delhi, Ajmer-Merwara, Coorg (i) Conservation of biological diversity; (ii) and British Baluchistan. Sustainable use of its components; and (iii) Fair 44. Ans: A and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources. Exp: Simple majority: Use of official language; The Act envisages a three-tier structure to regulate Delimitation of constituencies. access to the biological resources, comprising of: Special Majority: Election of the President and it- The National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) was manner, Any of the lists in the Seventh Schedule. established in 2003 to implement India’s Biological 45. Ans: C Diversity Act (2002). The NBA is a Statutory, Autonomous Body and it performs facilitative, Exp: regulatory and advisory function for the Industry Defining Feature Governmentwww.uniqueshiksha.in of India on issues of conservation, sustainable use of biological resources and fair Industry 1.0 Mechanical machines run via and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of steam-engine the use of biological resources. Industry 2.0 Mass-production via assembly The State Biodiversity Boards (SBBs) focus on line concept advising the State Governments, subject to any Industry 3.0 Computers and IT guidelines issued by the Central Government, Industry 4.0 Cyber-Physical Systems e.g. on matters relating to the conservation of IoT also Big-data and Artificial biodiversity, sustainable use of its components Intelligence
12 08287 360 360 www.uniqueshiksha.com [email protected] /UniqueShiksha PTS Code - 017 46. Ans: D 48. Ans: B Exp: ECO Niwas Samhita 2018, an Energy Exp: The Lonar in Maharashtra is a crater type of Conservation Building Code for Residential lake. Buildings (ECBC-R). The Code was launched on Loktak lies in Manipur and it is a Ramsar site. the occasion of National Energy Conservation Day 2018. Bhimtal lake lies in Uttarakhand and has tectonic origin. Most of the Lakes in the Kashmir and The code focuses on building envelope, Kumaon Himalayas have tectonic origin. mechanical systems and equipment including heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) 49. Ans: C system, interior and exterior lighting systems, electrical system and renewable energy. Exp: When you visit a big city, you won’t see many plants. Instead, you’ll see sidewalks, streets, It also takes into account the five climates parking lots and tall buildings. These structures zones (Hot Dry, Warm Humid, Temperate, are usually made up of materials such as cement, Composite and Cold) present in India. asphalt, brick, glass, steel and dark roofs. First However, it addresses only energy efficiency of of all, materials such as asphalt, steel, and brick buildings. Water and other aspects are not are often very dark colors—like black, brown and covered under it. grey. A dark object absorbs all wavelengths of It aims to benefit the occupants and the light energy and converts them into heat, so the environment by promote in energy efficiency in object gets warm. design and construction of homes, apartments UHI is exacerbated by the weak winds. Coastal and townships. This Code has been prepared after cities are endowed with periodic winds such as extensive consultations with all stakeholders, land and sea breezes which helps to regulate the consisting of architects & experts including temperatures. building material suppliers and developers. Wetlands can mitigate UHI in two ways: firstly the The implementation of this Code will give a fillip water surface is better able to reflect the solar to energy efficiency in residential sector. radiation and hence less local concentration of ECBC for commercial buildings was already in heat; secondly wetlands are also accompanied place and revised and updated version of ECBC with the green spaces which further help to for commercial buildings was launched in June regulate heat via transpiration. 2017. Urban farming can increase the green cover It will not replace GRIHA ratings. hence bringing a little bit of rural landscape into the urban setting. More the green cover lesser 47. Ans: C will be UHI. Exp: About IMF Management of the IMF: The 50. Ans: D IMF has a Managing Director, who is head of the staff and Chairperson of the Executive Board. Exp: Article 35A was added to the constitution through a 1954 presidential order under Article Borrowing Arrangements: While quota subscriptions of member countries are the IMF’s 370 (1) (d) of the Constitution. main source of financing, the Fund can supplement Article 35 A protects the demographic status its quota resources through borrowing if it of the Jammu and Kashmir in its prescribed believes thatwww.uniqueshiksha.in they might fall short of members’ constitutional form, hence both the statements needs. are correct as It gives right to Jammu and Kashmir Working with the World Bank: The IMF and the legislature to decide who all are ‘permanent World Bank are different, but complement each residents’ of the state and special rights to Jammu other’s work. While the IMF’s focus is chiefly on and Kashmir residents in public sector jobs, macroeconomic and financial sector issues, the acquisition of property in the state, scholarship World Bank is concerned mainly with longer-term and other public aid and welfare. development and poverty reduction. Countries The provision mandates that no act of the legislature must join the IMF to be eligible for World Bank coming under it can be challenged for violating membership. the Constitution or any other law of the land.
08287 360 360 www.uniqueshiksha.com [email protected] /UniqueShiksha 13 Mock Test - 3 51. Ans: D on behalf of the KBA Partnership. It hosts data on global and regional Key Biodiversity Areas Exp: It is introduced in parliament to draw attention of the house to definite matter of (KBAs), including Important Bird and Biodiversity public importance and needs the support of 50 Areas identified by the BirdLife International members to get admitted. Partnership, Alliance for Zero Extinction sites, KBAs identified through hotspot ecosystem The right to move an adjournment motion is profiles supported by the Critical Ecosystem subject to following restriction: Partnership Fund, and a small number of other • It should raise a matter which is definite, KBAs. The database was developed from the factual, urgent and of public Importance. World Bird and Biodiversity Database (WBDB) managed by BirdLife International • It should not cover more than one matter. • It should be restricted to a specific matter of 54. Ans: A recent occurrence and should not be framed Exp: Harike wetlands are located on the in general terms. confluence of Beas and Satluj. It is the largest • It should not raise a question of privilege. wetlands in Northern India in Punjab. • It should not revive discussion on a matter Great Himalayan National Park: The 90,540 ha that has been discussed in the same session. property includes the upper mountain glacial and • It should not deal with any matter that is snow melt water source origins of the westerly under adjudication by court. flowing Jiwa Nal, Sainj and Tirthan Rivers and the north-westerly flowing Parvati River which • It should not raise any question that can be are all headwater tributaries to the River Beas raised on a distinct motion. and subsequently, the Indus River flows through Rajya sabha is not permitted to use this device, Great Himalayan National Park. as it involves an element of censure against The wetlands of Keoladeo Ghana National park the government. Hence it is regarded as an located in the state of Rajasthan, are not natural, extraordinary device as it interrupts the normal they are dependent on the monsoon and on water business of the house. pumped in from outside traditionally provided The discussion on an adjournment motion should from “Ajan Bandh” reservoir. The park is also one last for not less than two hours and thirty minutes. of the UNESCO’s natural world Heritage site. Rishi Ganga flows through Nanda Devi National 52. Ans: B Park. Exp: Silver Tanka was introduced by Iltutmish and not Qutb-ud-din aibak 55. Ans: B Iltutmish introduced Silver Tanka and Copper Exp: Regulating Act of 1773: It was the first step Jital , the two coins of the Delhi Sultanate. The taken by the British Government to control and coins prior to Iltutmish were introduced by the regulate the affairs of the East India Company in invaders which bear the Sanskrit characters and India. It recognized for the first time, the political even Bull and Shivalinga. Iltutmish was the first and administrative functions of the Company. It to introduce a “Pure Arabic Coin” in India. The had the foundations of central administration in Coins were engraved with “The Mighty Sultan, India. Sun of the Empire and the Faith, Conquest-laden, It designated the Governor of Bengal as the Il-tutmish,”www.uniqueshiksha.in after he received an investiture of ‘Governor-General of Bengal and created an Sovereign Sultan of Delhi from the Caliph of Executive Council of four members to assist him. Baghdad. The first such Governor-General was Lord Warren The Silver Tanka issued by Iltutmish was weighing Hastings. 175 grains. Gold Tanka of the same weight was later issued by Balban. 56. Ans: D Exp: The oldest surviving Indian rock-cut caves 53. Ans: B are the Barabar Caves that are situated in the Exp: The World Database of Key Biodiversity Makhdumpur Block of Jehanabad district in the AreasTM is managed by BirdLife International Indian state of Bihar. Some of these caves, most
14 08287 360 360 www.uniqueshiksha.com [email protected] /UniqueShiksha PTS Code - 017 of which trace back to the 3rd century BC during their potential for carbon sequestration. Injecting the rule of the Maurya Empire (322–185 BCE), carbon dioxide (CO2) into hard-to-mine coal bear Ashokan inscriptions. seams would cause the CO2 to displace the The Bhimbetka rock shelters inside the tiger methane locked within the coal, enhancing the reserve called ‘Ratapani Wildlife Santuary’ located recovery of the natural gas resource while storing on the verge of the Deccan Plateau in Raisen the CO2 where it would not contribute to global warming. District in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. The paintings, which display great vitality and 59. Ans: C narrative skill, are categorized into different Exp: New Saraighat Bridge lies in the Guwahati. prehistoric periods. The oldest are dated to the Late Paleolithic Period (Old Stone Age) and consist of large linear representations of rhinoceroses and bears. Paintings from Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age) times are smaller and portray, in addition to animals, human activities. Drawings from the Chalcolithic Period (early Bronze Age) showcase the early humans’ conceptions of agriculture. Finally, the decorative paintings dating to early historical times depict religious motifs, including tree gods and magical sky chariots. UNESCO declared this place as a World Heritage Site in 2003 which bears several Stone Age rock 60. Ans: C paintings, some of which are more than 30,000 years old. Early manifestations of dance art are The term “classical” was introduced by Sangeet also palpable from these caves. Natak Akademi to denote the Natya Shastra- based performing art styles. These are described 57. An: A as below: Exp: Fundamental particles are those which are Bharata Natyam (Tamil Nadu) smallest particles and which make the protons • The Abhinaya Darpana by Nandikesvara is and neutrons. These are made up matter & textual source for it. energy. These fundamental particles cannot be • The dance movements are characterized by broken down into other smaller particles. Quarks bent legs, while feet keep rhythm. Hands and electrons are fundamental particles. may be used in a series of mudra. Protons & neutrons are made up of fundamental Kathakali (Kerala) particles of matter called quarks. • The dancers wear large head dresses, and Gravitational forces apply to all particles. But as the different colours of the face are extended their mass is very small, this force is very very with moulded lime. small and negligible. Kathakali Dance 58. Ans: D • Kathakali Dance presents themes derived Exp: Coal Bed Methane (CBM) is natural gas found from the Ramayana, the Mahabharata and in coal seams.www.uniqueshiksha.in It mainly consists of Methane (CH4) other Hindu epics, mythologies and legends. with minor amounts of nitrogen, carbon dioxide Mohini Attam (Kerala) and heavier hydrocarbons like ethane. • Mohiniattyam is characterized by swaying CBM is found in association with the coal. Since movements of the upper body with legs most of the coal is found in the Gondwana region placed in a stance similar to the plie position. (98%) so is the CBM. Gondwana region lies mostly The eyes play an important role in the in states of Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha and direction of the movement. Chhattisgarh. • The performer wear the white and gold CBM deposits have also attracted interest for costume.
08287 360 360 www.uniqueshiksha.com [email protected] /UniqueShiksha 15 Mock Test - 3 Kathak (Uttar Pradesh) • Permanent laws enacted by the Parliament • The movements include intricate footwork or the State Legislatures. accented by bells worn around the ankles • Temporary laws like ordinances issued by the and stylized gestures adapted from normal President or the State Governors. body language. • Statutory instruments in the nature of • Lucknow, Banaras and Jaipur are recognized delegated legislation (Executive legislation) as the three schools of it. like order, by-law, rule regulation or Odissi (Orissa) notification. • The technique of Odissi includes repeated use • Non-legislative source of law, this is custom of the tribhangi, (thrice deflected posture) or usage having the force of law. in which the body is bent in three places, Thus, not only legislation but any of the above can the shape of a helix. This posture and the be challenged in the courts as violating a Funda- characteristic shifting of the torso from side to mental Right and hence, can be declared as void. side, make Odissi a difficult style to execute. 63. Ans: A Kuchipudi (Andhra Pradesh) • Kuchipudi exhibits scenes from the Hindu Exp: Tributaries of Chambal are Parbati, Kali Epics, legends and mythological tales through Sindh and Shipra (right bank); Banas and Mej (left a combination of music, dance and acting. bank). Ken, Betwa and Hindon are the tributaries of Yamuna. Chambal itself is the tributary of • Taranagam is the main unique piece of Yamuna. Kuchpudi repertoire, also known as plate (made by brass) dance. In that the dancer 64. Ans: B must dance upon a brass plate, placing the feet upon the raised edges. Exp: Grasslands Every continent except Antarctica has grasslands, Manipuri (Manipur) but they have different names in different places: • It has two major streams. One is the In Africa, they’re called savannas and veldts; Sankeertana which is the devotional aspect pampas in South America; steppes in Europe and and the other is Raasa. Asia; prairies or grasslands in North America; and Sattriya (Assam) rangelands in Australia. One-fourth of the planet • Dressed in white costumes and turbans, head is covered by grasslands. gears, they include khol playing, performing Grasslands do not have high density of trees but dance, creating soundscapes, floor patterns they are not totally devoid of trees. and choreographic designs. Due to relatively little rainfall and high temperatures especially in the tropical grasslands 61. Ans: C wildfire can be a frequent occurrence. Exp: Features of Fundamental Rights Depending on the latitude temperature can • They are not absolute but qualified. The state vary between -20°C to 30°C. For tropical can impose reasonable restriction on them. grasslands temperature is high, while it is less • They are not sacrosanct or permanent. The for the temperate grasslands. The height of the Parliament can curtail or repeal only by a grasslands depends on the amount of rainfall. constitutionalwww.uniqueshiksha.in amendment act and not by an ordinary act. 65. Ans: C • They are defended and guaranteed by the Exp: SWAYATT is an initiative to promote start- Supreme Court. ups, women and youth advantage through e-transaction on government e-marketplace. • Their application can be restricted while martial law is in force in any area. It is launched by Commerce and Industry Ministry. This will bring the key stakeholders within the 62. Ans: C Indian entrepreneurial ecosystem to government Exp: Article 13 e-marketplace the national procurement portal.
16 08287 360 360 www.uniqueshiksha.com [email protected] /UniqueShiksha PTS Code - 017 66. Ans: D The National Skill Development Agency (NSDA) has been mandated to operationalise the NSQF. Exp: Dam Rehabilitation and Improvement Project (DRIP) is an externally-aided project. 80% NSDC mainly focuses on creating infrastructure of of the total project is provided by the World Bank skill development like ITIs. as loan/credit and remaining 20% is borne by the 69. Ans: A States / Central Government (for CWC). Govt. of India has not sought funding from any internal Exp: The National Clean Air Programme (NCAP), agency for this project. is envisaged as a Pan India scheme to provide The objectives of DRIP are to improve the the States and the Centre with a framework to safety and operational performance of selected combat air pollution. existing dams and associated appurtenances in a The National Clean Air Programme is a pollution sustainable manner, and to strengthen the dam control initiative that was launched by the safety institutional setup of participating States / Ministry of Environment with the intention to cut Implementing Agencies. the concentration of coarse (particulate matter of diameter 10 micrometer or less, or PM10) and 67. Ans: A fine particles (particulate matter of diameter 2.5 Exp: Internationally accepted conditions for micrometer or less, or PM2.5) by at least 20% in extradition are: the next five years, with 2017 as the base year for • The crime done by the accused should fall comparison. in the category of dual criminality. This Following reports by WHO and the air quality means that it should be a punishable offence data obtained, 102 cities from 23 States and UTs according to the laws of both countries - the have been chosen as non-attainment cities. With one where the accused has taken refuge, and the exception of Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and the one that seeks extradition. For example, Bengaluru, most of those chosen are tier two homosexuality is an offence in India under cities. section 377 of the IPC, but in many countries of the West, it is legal. Therefore, India can’t 70. Ans: A request any western country to extradite a person who is charged with a homosexuality- Exp: Satya shodhak samaj was founded with a related offence. purpose to give education to the lower casts. Scheduled caste, scheduled tribes and made • Persons charged for political reasons are them aware of the exploiting tradition of generally not extradited. society. It was founded by Jyotirao Phule in • There are countries where capital punishment 1873 in Pune. is banned. If a fugitive has taken refuge in such Through his writing and work, Jyotirao advocated a country, and if the establishment of that against caste system and the illogical and orthodox country thinks that, if extradited, the accused might get capital punishment, the country status of Brahmin in it also wrote against the most likely refuses to extradite. For instance inequality in the religious books, orthodox nature Australia, Canada, Macao, Mexico, and of religion and its exploitation nature, blind and most European nations refuse to extradite a misleading rituals, and the misogynistic beliefs criminal if the person in question might get prevalent in the Hindu religion. capital punishment after his extradition. www.uniqueshiksha.in71. Ans: A 68. Ans: D Exp: EMISAT is a small Indian satellite developed Exp: NSQF is a competency-based framework by ISRO. that organizes all qualifications according to a The satellite is based on the SSB-2 bus series of levels of knowledge, skills and aptitude. inherited from SARAL. The nature of the These levels, graded from one to ten, are defined payload has not been officially confirmed, in terms of learning outcomes which the learner but the published illustration of the EMISAT must possess regardless of whether they are obtained through formal, non-formal or informal matches a description of the Kautilya ELINT learning. payload.
08287 360 360 www.uniqueshiksha.com [email protected] /UniqueShiksha 17 Mock Test - 3 72. Ans: C follows: Exp: Hunter Commission: 1. Establishment of elementary schools and high school. Hunter Education Commission was a landmark commission appointed by Viceroy Lord Ripon 2. High schools of two types : with objectives to look into the complaints of the A. Academic. non-implementation of the Wood’s Despatch of 1854; the contemporary status of elementary B. Technical and Vocational education in the British territories; and suggest 3. Intermediate courses were to be abolished. means by which this can be extended and Hartog committee: improved. This commission, headed by Sir William Wilson Hunter, had submitted its report in 1882. In 1929, the Hartog Committee submitted its report. This Committee was appointed to survey Saddler Commission: the growth of education in British India. It In 1917 the Government of India appointed “devoted far more attention to mass education a Commission to study and report on the than Secondary and University Education”. The problems of Calcutta University. Dr. M.E. Sadler, committee was not satisfied with the scanty Vice-Chancellor of the University of Leeds, was growth of literacy in the country and highlighted appointed its Chairman. The Commission included the problem of ‘Wastage’ and ‘Stagnation’ at the two Indian members, namely Sir Ashutosh Mukeiji primary level. and Dr. Zia-ud-din Ahmad. It suggested the following important measures While the Hunter Commission had reported for the improvement of primary education. on problems of secondary education and the 1. Adoption of the policy of consolidation in University Commission of 1902 mainly on the place of multiplication of schools. different aspects of university education, the Sadler Commission reviewed the entire field from 2. Fixation of the duration of primary course to school education to university education. four years. The Sadler Commission held the view that the 3. Improvement in the quality, training, status, improvement of secondary education was a pay, service condition of teachers. necessary condition for the improvement of 4. Relating the curricula and methods of university education. teaching to the conditions of villages in which The Commission reported that an effective children live and read. synthesis between college and university ‘was still 5. Adjustment of school hours and holidays to undiscovered when the reform of 1904 had been seasonal and local requirements. worked out to conclusion’ and the foundation of 6. Increasing the number of Government a sound university organisation had not been laid inspection staff. down. Aitchison Commission is related to the evolution Sergeant plan: of Civil Services in India. The Sargent Scheme, formally known as the Report of the Sargent Commission on Post- 73. Ans: C War Education Development in India, was a Exp: In the summer the prevailing westerlies shift 1944 memorandum prepared at the behest of polewards and then during winter they shift back the British-runwww.uniqueshiksha.in Government of India that outlined bringing onshore winds. the future development of literacy and education in India. Onshore westerlies bring rains in the winter and often in the torrential form therefore with A central goal of the Sargent Scheme was potential to cause floods. the educational reconstruction of India. It recommended the introduction of free and This type of climate is found both in the northern compulsory education for all Indian children in and the southern hemisphere. Casablanca in the the 6-11 years age group. The plan aimed to bring north while Cape Town in the south. about universal literacy in India within 40 years of Dry summers (no water) and wet winters (water its introduction, i.e. by 1984. The scheme went as but cold temperature not supportive of growth)
18 08287 360 360 www.uniqueshiksha.com [email protected] /UniqueShiksha PTS Code - 017 are not suitable for large-scale grass growth. commercial value. In comparison the temperate Naturally less will be the fodder material and forests have softwood and are more commercial hence cattle population will be low. and hence the lumbering industry is well developed in those regions such as Canada. 74. Ans: B Rain-forests are very dense and hence very Exp: Plantation Crops can be grown mostly in difficult to build roads and railways which make the tropical climate but even in the sub-tropical them relatively less accessible. climate it can be grown for example sugarcane in The diversity of trees makes it difficult to achieve the northern India and tea in the northeast. economies of scale. Too many types sound good Soil in the tropical regions is not fertile due to but it leads to fragmentation and hence not good leaching caused by the heavy rainfall. from the business perspective. Crops like rubber, coffee, tea, cocoa, cotton, 78. Ans: C sugarcane, banana, pineapple etc. fall under the category of plantation farming. Exp: Art-12 and art-36 both are define Definition of state. 75. Ans: D 79. Ans: C Exp: Provisions of Cabinet Mission are: Angel Funds refers to a money pool created The Cabinet Mission recommended an undivided Exp: by high net-worth individuals or companies India and turned down the Muslim league’s (generally called as angel investors), for investing demand for a separate Pakistan. in business start ups. • The Cabinet mission restricted the Communal In India the term Angel Funds is defined in SEBI representation. (AIF) Regulations, 2013. Here, Angel Fund is • It provided that all the members of the Interim defined as a sub-category of Venture Capital cabinet would be Indians and there would be Fund under Category I - Alternative Investment minimum interference by the Viceroy. Fund (AIF). • It also provided for formation of the constituent assembly on democratic principle 80. Ans: B of population. Exp: Many types of trees are found in the • It recognized Indian Right to cede from the rainforests and they shed their leaves at different Commonwealth. times of the year hence overall the forest remains evergreen. • The Union Government and its legislature were to have limited powers, dealing with Important trees found in these forests are Finance, Foreign Affairs and Communications. mahogany, ebony and rosewood. The union would have powers necessary to Since rainforests need heavy rainfall so they are raise the finances to manage the subjects. found only on the western slopes of the Western • All subjects other than the Union Subjects Ghats. The eastern side falls in the rain-shadow zone and hence not suitable for the growth of the and all the residuary powers would be vested evergreen rainforests. Besides they are also found in the provinces. in the Northeastern Himalayas and the Andaman • The Princely states would retain all subjects & Nicobar Islands. and allwww.uniqueshiksha.in residuary powers. 81. Ans: C 76. Ans: A Exp: Deep-water current is known as the global Exp: It can be issued against any public body, conveyor belt and is driven by density differences in a corporation, an inferior court, a tribunal or the water. Water movements driven by differences government for the same purpose. in density are also known as thermohaline Courts in India include higher courts also. circulation because water density depends on its temperature (thermo) and salinity (haline). 77. Ans: B In the Earth’s polar regions ocean water gets Exp: These forests have hard wood which has les very cold, forming sea ice. As a consequence
08287 360 360 www.uniqueshiksha.com [email protected] /UniqueShiksha 19 Mock Test - 3 the surrounding seawater gets saltier, because tenants) had to give half of their harvest when sea ice forms, the salt is left behind. As the to the owners of the land. The demand of seawater gets saltier, its density increases, and it the Tebhaga (sharing by thirds) movement was to starts to sink. Surface water is pulled in to replace reduce the share given to landlords to one third. the sinking water, which in turn eventually Indigo Revolt has been vividly portrayed by becomes cold and salty enough to sink. This acclaimed writer Din Bandhu Mitra in his play, initiates the deep-ocean currents driving the Neel Darpan. global conveyer belt. Global warming would cause the melting in the 83. Ans: C polar regions which would increase the freshwater Exp: The Gangetic Dolphin are also called as the content and hence reduce the salinity which ‘Tigers of Ganga’ as it enjoys the position in Ganga would decrease the thermohaline circulation. that is equivalent to that of the tiger in the forest. Being freshwater dolphin they prefer deep waters in and around the confluence of two or more rivers. They share their habitat with fresh water turtles, crocodiles and wetland birds. IUCN has listed it as ‘endangered. An endangered species is a species which has been categorized as very likely to become extinct. Endangered (EN), as categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) RedList, is the second most severe conservation status for wild populations in the IUCN›s schema after critically endangered (CR). There are six schedules which give varying degrees of protection.Schedule I and part II of Schedule II provide absolute protection and offences under these are prescribed the highest penalties. Gangetics river dolphin is placed in Schedule-I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. 84. Ans: C Exp: Reserved forest denotes forests accorded a certain degree of protection. After Indian independence, the Government of India retained the status of the existing reserved and protected forests, as well as incorporating new reserved and protected forests. A large number of forests which came under the jurisdiction of the Government of 82. Ans: A India during the political integration of India were Exp: The Tebhaga movement is probably the initially granted such protection. The first Reserve greatest peasant movement in the history of Forest of India was Satpura National Park. India. It was initiated in Bengal by the Kisan Sabha At present, reserved forests and protected (peasantswww.uniqueshiksha.in front of Communist Party of India) in forests differ in one important way: Rights to all 1946-1947. activities like hunting, grazing, etc. in reserved The Tebhaga movement was a movement of forests are banned unless specific orders are the share croppers of Bengal demanding two- issued otherwise. In protected areas, rights to thirds instead of half as their produce. Basically activities like hunting and grazing are sometimes from this principle demand the name ‘Tebhaga’ given to communities living on the fringes of the movement comes. forest, who sustain their livelihood partially or At that time share-cropping peasants (essentially, wholly from forest resources or products.
20 08287 360 360 www.uniqueshiksha.com [email protected] /UniqueShiksha PTS Code - 017 85. Ans: C • More than 6 months elapse from the date of the reception of the Bill by the other House Exp: The Child Marriage Restraint Act 1929, also without the Bill being passed by it. called the Sarda Act was enacted by the British Government due to efforts of freedom fighter Har Note, that if there is a deadlock between the two Bilas Sarda. The act had prohibited child marriage houses on a Constitution amendment Bill, there in India for the first time. cannot be a joint sitting. In case of Money bills, the rejection of Rajya Sabha is immaterial. It was passed on 28 September 1929, fixed the age of marriage for girls at 14 years and boys at 88. Ans: B 18 years. It came into effect six months later on April 1, 1930. Exp: The term “cryosphere” comes from the Greek word “krios” which means cold. Ice and It applies to all of British India, not just to Hindus. snow on land are one part of the cryosphere. This It was a result of the social reform movement in includes the largest parts of the cryosphere, the India. The legislation was passed by the British continental ice sheets found in Greenland and Indian Government. Antarctica, as well as ice caps, glaciers, and areas of snow and permafrost. When continental ice 86. Ans: B flows out from land and to the sea surface, we get Exp: Black Carbon (BC), emitted mainly by high- shelf ice. The other part of the cryosphere is ice temperature combustion processes (diesel that is found in water. This includes frozen parts of engines, etc.) and Brown Carbon (BrC), emitted the ocean, such as waters surrounding Antarctica mainly by biomass combustion. and the Arctic. It also includes frozen rivers and Green carbon is carbon removed by lakes, which mainly occur in polar areas. photosynthesis and stored in the plants and soil Snow and ice reflect heat from the sun, helping of natural ecosystems and is a vital part of the to regulate our planet’s temperature and global carbon cycle. hence helps to reduce the global warming and consequent climate change. On the other hand 87. Ans: D global warming causes the ice to melt like in the Exp: It is a tool mentioned in constitution to Arctic region and hence reduces the extent of the resolve the deadlock between the two houses cryosphere. over the passage of a bill. 89. Ans: C The Speaker of Lok Sabha presides over a joint sitting of the two Houses and the Deputy Speaker, Exp: The principles behind the circular economy in his absence. If the Deputy Speaker is also absent are oriented towards preserving capital and from a joint sitting, the Deputy Chairman of Rajya deprecate system risk by diligently tracking and Sabha presides. If he is also absent, such other managing limited stocks. A circular economy person as may be determined by the members ensures that manufacturers design products to present at the joint sitting, presides over the be reusable. It is based on sustainable practices. meeting. Hence, chairman of rajya sabha never presides over the joint sitting. 90. Ans: A Provision of joint sitting is applicable to ordinary Exp: Namdapha National Park is a beautiful place, bills or financial bills only and not to money bills or located in the Changlang district of the state Constitutional amendment bills. In the case of a of Arunachal Pradesh. Namdapha National Park money bill,www.uniqueshiksha.in the Lok Sabha has overriding powers, is the 3rd largest national park in India in terms while a Constitutional amendment bill must be of area. It is the only park having leopard tiger, passed by each House clouded speed & snow leopard. Joint sitting is called in the following situation: Namdapha National Park is located in the Eastern Himalayan Sub-region and is recognized as one • Bill has been passed by one House and of the richest areas in biodiversity in India. The transmitted to the other House and itis national park is nestled between the Patkai range rejected by the other House. and Dapha bum range of Mishmi Hills. • Both houses have finally disagreed as to the Perhaps no other national park in the world has amendments to be made in the Bill. a wider altitudinal variation than the Namdapha
08287 360 360 www.uniqueshiksha.com [email protected] /UniqueShiksha 21 Mock Test - 3 national park that rises from 200m to 4,500m in 92. Ans: C the snow-capped mountain. This variation has The salient features of the Paris Agreement are given rise to the growth of diverse habitats of as follows: flora and fauna. The climate varies from tropical to sub tropical, temperate and arctic. • The Paris Agreement acknowledges the development imperatives of developing Namdapha lies along the turbulent Noa-Dihing countries. The Agreement recognizes the River at the international border between India developing countries’ right to development and Myanmar. Namdapha was established as and their efforts to harmonize development a wildlife sanctuary in 1972. with environment, while protecting the The area is also known for extensive Dipterocarp interests of the most vulnerable. forests among the last great remote wilderness • The Paris Agreement recognizes the areas of Asia. Namdapha and its adjoining areas, importance of sustainable lifestyles and is flanked by the Patkai hills to the south and sustainable patterns of consumption with south-east and by the Himalaya in the north developed countries taking the lead, and and lies close to the Indo-Myanmar-China tri- notes the importance of ‘climate justice’ in junction. its preamble. 91. Ans: A • The Agreement seeks to enhance the ‘implementation of the Convention’ whilst Exp: District Collector release prisoners on parole and inspect the jails. reflecting the principles of equity and common but differentiated responsibilities The main functions of District Magistrate are as and respective capabilities, in the light of follows: different national circumstances. • maintaining law and order and ensuring • The objective of the Agreement further peace in the district; ensures that it is not mitigation-centric • implementing various policies and and includes other important elements programmes of the State government and such as adaptation, loss and damage, the Central government; finance, technology, capacity building and transparency of action and support. • acting as the main link between State government and district level institutions and • Pre-2020 actions are also part of the decisions. offices; The developed country parties are urged to scale up their level of financial support with • co-ordinating the activities of different a complete road map to achieve the goal of departments such as education, health, jointly providing US $ 100 billion by 2020 for welfare, land management, police, jail and mitigation and adaptation by significantly culture; increasing adaptation finance from current • taking adequate and appropriate measures levels and to further provide appropriate during emergencies and disasters and technology and capacity building support. conducting relief work; • ensuring the conduct of free and fair elections 93. Ans: D for various representative bodies, such as Exp: LED stands for light emitting diode. LED Lok Sabha,Vidhan Sabha, Block Samities, Zila lighting products produce light approximately Parishad,www.uniqueshiksha.in Municipalities, etc.; 90% more efficiently than incandescent light • managing collection of the revenue and other bulbs LEDs use significantly less energy than taxes; even CFLs, and do not contain mercury but LEDs contain lead, arsenic and a dozen other potentially • performing judicial functions and deciding dangerous substances. various disputes and even imposing penalties and fines; 94. Ans: A • listening to the grievances of the people and Exp: ICSID was established in 1966 by the redressing them. Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of
22 08287 360 360 www.uniqueshiksha.com [email protected] /UniqueShiksha PTS Code - 017 Other States (the ICSID Convention). The ICSID Megasthenese was a Greek traveler who visited Convention is a multilateral treaty formulated India during the reign of Chandragupta Maurya. by the Executive Directors of the World Bank He wrote a book called Indica, in which he gives to further the Bank’s objective of promoting an account of Mauryan India. international investment. ICSID is an independent, Ibn Batuta was Morrish traveler who visited India depoliticized and effective dispute-settlement during the reign of Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq. He institution. Its availability to investors and States wrote a book called Rehala where he mentions helps to promote international investment by about his travelles. providing confidence in the dispute resolution process. It is also available for state-state Marco polo was a Venetian traveler during the disputes under investment treaties and free trade reign of Pandayan ruler of Madurai. His book agreements, and as an administrative registry. called as ‘The book of Sir Marco Polo’ describes the economic history of India. 95. Ans: A 97. Ans: C Exp: Vajra Prahar: India and USA; Indra: India and Russia 98. Ans: B
96. Ans: A 99. Ans: D Exp: Deimachos was a Greek traveler who visited 100. Ans: D India during the reign of Bindusara.
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