Mock Test - 3 PTS Code - 017 GS Paper- 1 1.Ans: C 3. Ans: D Exp: The Himalayan Rivers forms the inconsequent Exp: Lead is a naturally occurring toxic metal or antecedent drainage pattern. Himalayan rivers found in the Earth’s crust. Its widespread were flowing even before the birth of Himalayas, use has resulted in extensive environmental so as the Himalayas rose but the rivers were contamination, human exposure and significant stubborn to not change their direction and they public health problems in many parts of the world. cut the mountains and found their way through Important sources of environmental the gorges. contamination include mining, smelting, Himalayas are young fold mountains like the Alps. manufacturing and recycling activities, and, in All the parallel ranges are separated by different some countries, the continued use of leaded faults. Main Central Thrust (MCT) separates paint, leaded gasoline, and leaded aviation Greater Himalaya and Lesser Himalaya. Main fuel. More than three quarters of global lead Boundary Thrust (MBT) separates Lesser consumption is for the manufacture of lead-acid Himalaya and Shiwaliks. Himalayan Front Fault batteries for motor vehicles. Lead is, however, (HFF) separates Shiwaliks from Northern Plains. also used in many other products, for example pigments, paints, solder, stained glass, lead crystal 2. Ans: D glassware, ammunition, ceramic glazes, jewellery, Exp: REEs or rare earth metals are a set of toys and in some cosmetics and traditional seventeen chemical elements in the periodic medicines. Drinking water delivered through lead table, specifically the fifteen lanthanides plus pipes or pipes joined with lead solder may contain scandium and yttrium. It consists of metals only. lead. Much of the lead in global commerce is now obtained from recycling. China is both the highest producer as well as possess the largest reserves. US comes second in Young children are particularly vulnerable to the terms of largest reserves. toxic effects of lead and can suffer profound and India has significant reserves and it permanent adverse health effects, particularly also produces significant quantities. affecting the development of the brain and nervous system. Lead also causes long-term harm in adults, including increased risk of high blood pressure and kidney damage. Exposure of pregnant women to high levels of lead can cause miscarriage, stillbirth, premature birth and low birth weight. www.uniqueshiksha.in 4. Ans: A Exp: Conservation reserves and community reserves in India are terms denoting protected areas of India which typically act as buffer zones to or connectors and migration corridors between established national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and reserved and protected forests of India. Such areas are designated as conservation areas if they are uninhabited and completely owned by the Government of India but used for subsistence by 08287 360 360 www.uniqueshiksha.com [email protected] /UniqueShiksha 1 Mock Test - 3 communities and community areas if part of the Right to property was made a legal right through lands are privately owned. 44th amendment act and not 42nd. These protected area categories were first Before the 42nd amendment, Article 74(1) stated introduced in the Wildlife (Protection) that, “there shall be a Council of Ministers with Amendment Act of 2002 − the amendment to the the Prime Minister at the head to aid and advise Wildlife Protection Act of 1972. These categories the President in the exercise of his functions”. were added because of reduced protection in However, there was a slight ambiguity whether and around existing or proposed protected areas the advice of the Council of Ministers is binding due to private ownership of land, and land use. on the President. 5. Ans: D Forty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India (1976) made it explicit that the Exp: The term basic structure is not defined by the President shall, “act in accordance with such Supreme Court yet, here are few comprehensions advice”. The amendment went into effect from 3 from its various judgements: January 1977. 1. Supremacy of the Constitution The 44th Amendment (1978) however added 2. Sovereign, democratic and republican nature that the President can send the advice back of the Indian polity for reconsideration once. But if the Council of 3. Secular character of the Constitution Ministers sends the same advice again to the President then the President must accept it. 4. Separation of powers between the legislature, The amendment went into effect from 20 June the executive and the judiciary 1979. 5. Federal character of the Constitution The preamble has been amended to substitute 6. Unity and integrity of the nation the words “SOVEREIGN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC”, 7. Welfare state (socio-economic justice) with the words “SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC” and the words “unity 8. Judicial review not judicial activism of the Nation” was substituted with “unity and 9. Freedom and dignity of the individual integrity of the Nation.” 10. Parliamentary system 7. Ans: D 11. Rule of law Exp: A graphical representation of the age and 12. Harmony and balance between Fundamental gender structure of population ideally defines Rights and Directive Principles a population pyramid. The horizontal axis 13. Principle of equality represents the population and vertical axis show the age groups, mostly by a gap of 5 years. Two bar 14. Free and fair elections diagrams,precisely for males, usually on left side 6. Ans: A and females on the right side of the graph,adds up to make a population pyramid. This single graph nd Exp: 42 Amendment Act added three new holds the power to show the past, present and directive principles. future of a country. • Article 39 A: states that the state shall The slope of pyramid indicate the death rate while provide free legal aid to ensure that equal the width of the base is related to birth rate. The opportunitieswww.uniqueshiksha.in for securing justice is ensured area of graph indicates total population, precisely to all, and is not denied by reason of economic based on age group or sex. Height of graph can or other disabilities. indicate life expectancy while the kinks indicate • Article 43 A: the state shall take steps to reductions in birth rate or increases in death rate promote their participation in management in the past. of industrial undertakings. This graph helps in distinguishing young • Article 48 A: It should protect and improve dependants, old dependants and working the environment and safeguard the forests population. As a part of policy making, this graph and wild life of the country. makes it easy to understand the comparison 2 08287 360 360 www.uniqueshiksha.com [email protected] /UniqueShiksha PTS Code - 017 between developed and developing nation. For Vajra Mudra: making decisions related to policies for future, a This gesture denotes the fiery thunderbolt that critical thinking and sufficient knowledge of the symbolizes the five elements, i.e. air, water, fire, population age structure is being provided by earth, and metal. It is performed with the help these pyramid graphs. The shape of the pyramid of right fist, left hand forefinger, which placed by can trace the past trend and also indicate the enclosing the erect forefinger of the left hand in potential for future development. the right fist with the tip of the right forefinger For instances, estimation of job opportunities touching (or curled around) the tip of the left in future can be concluded by analysing the forefinger. population trend. Similarly, the need of housing, Abhay Mudra: education and food production in future is speculated according to the age-structure shown It is a gesture of fearlessness or blessing that by the graph. represents the protection, peace, benevolence, and dispelling of fear. It is performed with the The age structure can also be used to help predict help of right hand by raising to shoulder height potential political issues. For example, the rapid with bent arm and the face of palm will be facing growth of a young adult population unable to find outward with fingers upright whereas the left employment can lead to unrest. hand hanging down while standing. This gesture is characteristic of Buddha Shakyamuni and Dhyani 8. Ans: A Buddha Amoghasiddhi. Exp: The Chandela or Chandel was Indian Rajput clan of Central India. They were popularly termed 10. Ans: B as Chandelas or Jejakabhukti dynasty in Indian Exp: Instrument in Support of Trade Exchanges is history. It was founded by Nannuk. A section of a project of the three governments of UK, France the Chandelas which was also known as Chandela and Germany to bypass US sanctions on Iran. Dynasty ruled much of the Bundelkhand region of INSTEX is a special payment system which will Central India for long periods approximately 500 help to save the Iran nuclear deal by allowing years between the 9th and the 13th centuries AD. Tehran to keep trading with EU companies despite In those days, Bundelkhand region was popularly Washington re-imposing sanctions. known by the name of Jejakabhukti. The Chandel dynasty is famous in Indian history for Maharaja INSTEX will support legitimate European trade Rao Vidyadhara, who repulsed the attacks of with Iran, focusing initially on the sectors most Mahmud of Ghazni and also for his temples art essential to the Iranian population such as and sculpture. They become more popular for the pharmaceutical, medical devices and agri-food artistically sculptured temples, made during their goods. INSTEX is primarily aimed at small and rule in Central India. medium-sized companies. In future, INSTEX will also be opened to third 9. Ans: B countries wanting to trade with Iran. INSTEX to Exp: Bhumisparsa Mudra be operational requires Iran to set up a parallel structure of its own. This gesture is also known as “touching the Earth” whichrepresents the moment of the 11.