June 2, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16279

Foreign Commerce. Calls for measures by appreciation to Carnegie Hall for its 85 y~s.rs H. Res. 1180. May 6, 1976. Sets forth the Federal agencies to insure that the quality . of artistic achievement and cultw·al em·ich­ rule for the consideration of H.R. 1285!. and quantity of free broadcasting service is ment. H. Res. 1181. May 6, 1976. Sets forth the not impaired by the development of pay tele­ H. Res. 1176. May 6, 1976. House Adminis­ rule for the consideration of H.R. 12934. tration. Provides that Members of the House H. Res. 1182. May 6, 1976. Sets forth the vision. rule for the consideration of H.R. 13350. of Representatives and employees of th~ H. Res. 1173. May 5, 1976. Armed Services. H. Res. 1183. May 10, 1976. Sets forth the Disapproves of the proposal of the executive House, except in specified cases, may noli be rule for the consideration of H.R. 10210. branch to use the authority of Public Law reimbursed for the difference between the H. Res. 1184. May 10, 1976. Agriculture. 85-804 to obligate funds in excess of $25 mil­ cost of first-class air travel accommodations Calls for an assessment of the whey supply lion for the purpose of adjusting naval ship­ and the costs of other air travel accommoda­ and for a research program to utilize whey bUilding contracts. tions. more efficiently. H. Res. 1174. May 6, 1976. Al·med Services. H. Res. 1177. May 6, 1976. Sets forth the H. Res. 1185. May 10, 1976. Interstate and Disapproves the proposed obligation of the ru1e for the consideration of H.R. 10451. Foreign Commerce. Calls for measures by United States with respect to specified ship­ H. Res. 1178. May 6, 1976. Sets forth iihe Federal agencies to insure that the qual­ building contracts. rule for the consideration of H.R. 12387. ity and quantity of free broadcasting service H. Res. 1175. May 6, 1976. Post Office and H. Res. 1179. May 6, 1976. Sets forth the is not impaired by the development of pay CiVil Service. Expresses congratulations and rule for the consideration of H.R. 12835. television.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS MORE ON THE CASE OF I believe that if we permit white collar greed was to build for himself a life of luxury EUGENE HOLLANDER criminals to escape prison and simply engage and prestige on the backs of those com­ in restitution, it places in question our right mitted to his care. For example, he remodeled to punish with prison the poor who engage his Fifth Avenue apartment at a cost of in physical crimes of violence. I am one of nearly $30,000; he purchased more than HON. EDWARD I. KOCH those who believes that our judicial system is $120,000 worth of paintings including two OF NEW YORK verging on bankruptcy. We do not apprehend Renoirs-and in both instances, these costs IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES our criminals in sufficient numbers and when were disguised as expenses related to the care we do apprehend them in limited numbers, of patients in his nursing homes. Wednesday, June 2, 1976 we do not adequately punish them. When Your honor, I do not intend to stand here Mr. KOCH. Mr. Speaker, I should like the revelations are such as they were in this and tell you that Eugene Hollander ran case, that someone has enriched himself on houses of horror, although the Health De­ to bring to the attention of our col­ the bodies of those elderly entrusted to his partment has cited enough deficiencies, in­ leagues additional information bearing care by the Federal Government, and at the cluding inadequate food and inadequate upon what I consider to be the inade­ expense of the U.S. taxpayer, it is shocking staffing, to conclude that Hollander is not quate sentencing of Eugene Hollander, a to find that such an individual does not go the public's idea of one who should care for nursing home operator who was one of to jail. Such kid glove handling of Mr. Hol­ the elderly, but one thing should be crystal the chief perpetrators of medicaid fraud lander must reinforce, whether true or not, clear: That if Mr. Hollander as a leader of the feelings that pervade so many in our the industry had less greed and more com­ in the State of New York, and who was society today, that the rich get richer, the given a suspended prison sentence. The passion, his homes could have served as poor get poorer and it is not what you know, much needed models of care for others in sentencing judge, Justice Milton Mallen, but whom you know that counts. said at the time of sentencing- this State. I want to take this opportunity to Sixteen years ago, this same defendant A prison sentence in this instance is the again applaud the enormously effective and scores of other nursing home operators equivalent of a death sentence. were caught, and forced to admlt their fraud, efforts of Special Prosecutor Charles J. and repay to the city of New York hundreds I have since received the statement of Hynes in bringing Dr. Bergman and Eu­ of thousands of dollars. But despite the pub­ special State prosecutor, Charles J. gene Hollander to trial and at the same licity, the public outcry and the forced resti­ Hynes, deputy attorney general, which he time I want to again deplore the action tution, no lesson was learned by this de­ delivered at the time of sentencing and taken by the sentencing court. fendant or by the other operators of the which I believe should be read by every­ The full statement made by Charles J. industry: and for all its hooplah, history one interested in justice and distressed Hynes, special prosecutor, at the sen­ records the Kaplan investigation to be a dis­ by the court's failure to impose a prison tencing of Eugene Hollander follows: mal failure. I suggest to your honor that the reason sentence on Eugene Hollander. STATEMENT OF SPECIAL STATE PROSECUTOR, for the failure was that those who stole went What is important to note is that the CHARLES J. HYNES, MADE AT THE SENTENC­ unpunished. same defendant committed comparable ING OF EUGENE HOLLANDER While no nursing home operator was prose­ crimes in the nw·sing home field 16 years May it please the court, when this investi­ cuted as a result of the Kaplan investiga­ ago and was not jailed but was merely gation began 17 months ago, in addition to tion, one thing is certain: All, including the required to repay moneys to the city of our primary aim that conditions in the nurs­ defendant, were put on notice. And in that New York. Special Prosecutor Hynes ing homes of this State be improved to an sense Mr. Hollander stands before your stated in his statement to the court- acceptable level of care, we vowed that the honor today as a second offender. Given the failures of the Kaplan investigation not be seriousness of the crimes for which he Mr. Hollander stands before Your Honor repeated. today as a second offender. pleaded guilty, added to his total lack of re­ In a very real sense, Eugene Hollander is a morse for past thefts, fundamental principles Furthermore, the special prosecutor symbol of those failures. Beginning in 1960, of justice require that he be incarcerated as addressed himself to the impaired phys­ Mr. Hollander served for many years as the any other citizen who stands convicted of ical and mental condition o{ the defend­ president of the Metropolitan Nursing Home crimes of such magnitude. Association. He has, for two decades, operated It is equally significant that Hollander, ant and said in support of his request of nursing homes in this city. who had admitted to the court a net worth a jail sentence-- Drawing upon his years of experience as an of almost $9 million has not taken, until the Dr. Thomas Rigney is the medical director owner and from his position of leadership in eve of sentence, a single meaningful step to­ at Fishkill. He has personally assured me the industry, Mr. Hollander could have acted ward returning the money he stole. Indeed, that if Mr. Hollander is sent to that institu­ as a force for a change in an industry that the Renoirs and the other expensive trap­ tion, every precaution will be taken to sta­ LoUis Kaplan found pervasively corrupt 16 pings which so highlight his greed remain bilize his medical and emotional condition. I years ago. Instead, he holds the dubious dis­ in his possession or under his control. How would also like to point out that Fishklll is tinction of having stolen money-more fla­ did it happen. in no sense the usual prison environment. It grantly than any other nursing home opera­ Your honor, I recognize another factor is rather, as Dr. Rigney describes it, a nursing tor thus far prosecuted in the State of New which exists in this case. I sympathize with home. York. Eugene Hollander because of his impaired But your honor, it is not merely how much physical and mental condition-more than I should like to repeat what I said to money he stole--more than $1 mlliion from he knows or believes. But jall, very much this House on May 19, in commenting on 1969 until his indictment this year-it is the like any institution, including a nursing my distress at the failure of the court to why of that theft that is so significant and home, is never pleasant, albeit Hollander had sentence Eugene Hollander appropri­ so outrageous. a clear opportunity to be an honest citizen ately- The principal objective of Hollander's and thus avoid prison. I hasten to point out 16280 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 2, 19tG our elderly infirm have no choice whatso­ choose what you are going to be. If you contain a curious catch-22 mechanism ever. wanted to be a teacher you could be a teacher. involving investigations of alleged mis­ Your honor, even-handed justice demands In American we can vote when we are of conduct on the part of Members, officers, that a thief of Mr. Hollander's calibre go to age. But in some other countries if a leader and employees of the House. Whereas ja.il. H1s physical and emotional problems dies or if something happened, his family can surely be dealt with in an appropriate member would take over. article I, section 5, of the Constitution, stl'Uctured environment. In Australia the price of gas and other empowers each House to determine the Courts have repeatedly recognized that products are higher than ours. In America rules of its proceedings and punish its sick people are not and should not be im­ gas costs about 50¢. In Australia. it costs Members for disorderly behavior, includ­ mune from incarceration. The test? Are there more. Other things like food would cost a ing expulsion by two-thirds vote, clause medical facilities adequate to deal with the lot more too. 4(e) (2) of House rule X requires major­ problem? We are fortunate in this state to I think our country is pretty. We have ity approval by the 12-member bipartisan have such an excellent facility at Fishkill, flowers and orange leaves in the summer and Committee on Standards of Official Con­ New York, for inmates like Hollander. Of the fall. We have white, fluffy snow in the Winter. 110 inmates at that institution, more than There's a cool breeze in the Winter, and a duct before it can even undertake an 24% have suffered one or more serious heart warm breeze in the summer. There's bright­ investigation of any alleged misconduct. attacks before entering the institution. shiny, green grass in the summer too. Thus any six members of that com­ Dr. Thomas Rigney is the medical direc­ mittee can prevent the House from mak­ tor at Fishkill. He has personally assured me I AM AN AMERICAN ing an informed decision as to whether that if Mr. Holla.nder is sent to that insti­ (By Ted Sebastian, sixth grade) it should punish one of its Members for tution, every precaution will be taken to I was born an American with all the rights misconduct. The rule is written in such stabilize his medical and emotional condi­ and freedom of a Democracy. I have never felt a way that a House majority cannot tion. hunger or have never been deprived of any I would also like to point out that Fish­ order the committee to undertake an in­ of the necessities but enjoy an abundance of vestigation without majority committee kill is in no sense the usual prison environ­ luxuries. (2) ment. It is rather, as Dr. Rigney describes it, One of my privileges is the right to pur­ approval. To quote from clause 4(e) a. nursing home. sue activities of interest to develop my mind (A): I say this to your honor so that you will and body. Among these are the martial arts ... no investigation of such conduct shall appreciate that the people do not seek harsh and music. be undertaken by such committee, unless retribution for its own sake. However, experi­ Without the right of freedom of speech I approved by the affirmative vote of a majority ence has demonstrated that society was un­ would not be able to write this essay express­ of the members of the committee. able once before to separate this man from ing my own opinion. his greed. Therefore, we ask that, your honor, There are numerous occupations that I can Moreover, clause 4(e) (2) of rule XI, the committee is au­ a responsible and informed decision as IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES thorized to investigate alleged miscon­ to whether to punish one of its Members Wednesday, June 2. 1976 duct, again subject to the approval of lor disorderly behavior, including its a committee majority, "and after notice right to censure or expel a Member. Un­ Mr. ARMSTRONG. Mr. Speaker, ear­ and hearing, to recommend to the House, der the present rules, six members of lier this month I took part in the Cen­ by resolution or otherwise, such action the Standards of Official Conduct Com­ tennial Colorado Conference, an annual as the committee may deem appropriate mittee or eight members of the Commit­ national and State public policy forum in the circumstances." tee on Rules may effectively block the held at Keystone Lodge near Dillon, Colo. The subtle change made by House right of the House to make such an in­ For 2 days, nearly 100 Coloradans from Resolution 988 was the deletion of the formed and responsible decision. Put an­ many parts of the State and representing word "shall" before "recommend." In other way, as few as 14 Members of this many philosophical viewpoints met first other words, whereas in the rule of the body may deprive the House as a whole in 10-member workshops, and then in a last Congress the committee was obli­ from exercising it.s constitutional right. general assembly, for give-and-take. gated to report back to the House once it Mr. Speaker, I think an amendment It is a stimulating process, but more had voted to undertake an investigation, to the House Rules is clearly in order than that, the conference will be a source a literal reading of the present rule to remedy this Catch-22 situation. I am, of useful input to the legislative and ad­ would indicate that the reporting re­ therefore, today introducing such an ministrative decisionmaking process in quirement is now discretionary with the !amendment which would permit any the years ahead. committee. The committee may now Member who files a complaint of alleged For the benefit of my colleagues I make a determination, after an investi­ misconduct, or who has introduced a would like to present the list of resoiu­ gation, not to report any recommenda­ resolution of censure, expulsion or other tions adopted by the conferees: tion to the House, by resolution or other­ punishment which has been referred to RESOLUTIONS PASSED BY THE 1976 COLORADO wise. This discretionary authority could the Committee on Standards of Official CENTENNIAL CONFERENCE thus prevent the House from acting on Conduct, to call up a privileged resolu­ ~ority Resolution No. 10. Resolved that, tion ordering the committee to under­ while pursuing greater understanding wtth an allegation of misconduct except by Russia for the purpose of relaxing tensions calling up a privileged resolution of cen­ take an investigation into the complaint and preventing a third World War, the sure or expulsion but in the absence of or resolution if it· has not acted to do so United States will continue to hold firm to any committee finding or recommenda­ within 15 legislative days after the re­ its principles and support democracy in an tion. In short, the House would again ceipt of the complaint or referral of the parts of the world. be placed in the impossible situation of resolution. Only in this manner can Majority Resolution No. 2. Resolved that attempting to exercise its constitutional a House majority regain it.s right to act the United States should not pledge its credit prerogative of punishing one of its Mem­ intelligently and responsibly on allega­ to cities or municipalities of the United tions of official misconduct. States who are faced with bankruptcy. bers without any factual basis for mak­ Minority Resolution No. 13. Resolved that ing a decision. At this point in the RECORD, Mr. Speak­ the legislature should adopt legislation which Mr. Speaker, the Catch-22 situation I er, I include the text of my amendment prohibits the sale, dissemination or display have described which permits a half to the House Rules: of obscene material to minors and that the dozen members of a committee to block H. REs. 1235 sale, dissemination, or display a! such ma­ an investigation and even bury a resolu­ Resolved, That rule X of the Rules of the terial to adults be regulated in a manner tion of censure or expulsion, and more­ House of Representatives is amended in the similar to the distribution of alcohol; Le., over prevents a House majority from following way: through llcensed retail outlets sited in ac­ Rule X, clause (4) (e) (2) is amended by cordance with local zoning procedures. overriding a committee decision by re­ Majority Resolution No. 5. Resolved that quiring it to undertake an investigation, adding the following: "(E) If the committee falls to undertake the State of Colorado should establish re­ was probably not intended when this an investigation of a complaint transmitted gional rehabilitation centers for people con­ procedure was devised. The House pur­ by a Member in accordance with the pro­ fined to prison. posely created a completely bipartisan visions of this paragraph, or of a resolution Majority Resolution No. 6. Resolved that committee so that it would in no way of censure, expulsion or other punishment prost itution should not be legalized. have a partisan cast. And the require­ :Minority Resolution No. 11. Resolved that which has been referred to the committee, officials of the State of Colorado and its ment that a majority of the committee within 15 legislative days after the receipt political subdivisions should be free to nego­ approve the initiation of an investiga­ of the complaint or referral of the resolu­ tiate working conditions with public em­ tion was most likely designed to prevent tion, it shall be in order in the House, as a ployees; however, public employees shall not a wholly partisan bloc on the committee matter of high privilege, for a Member who be permitted to strike, nor shall the St ate or from forcing an investigation of a Mem­ has transmitted such complaint or int ro­ political subdivision agree to binding arbi­ ber of the other party for purely parti­ duced such resolution, to move to proceed tration, nor shall any contract contain a. san reasons. to the consideration of a resolution author­ union shop agreement. izing and directing the committee to under­ Majority Resolution No. 8 . Resolved that At the same time, it should be noted take an investigation of the matter men­ the state sales tax on food should not be re­ tha.t this same requirement permits a tioned in the complaint or resolution, and pealed. solid partisan bloc to block an investiga­ to report back to the House, by resolution Majority Resolution No. 9. Resolved that tion of a Member of its own party, no or otherwise, its findings and recommenda­ the present merit syst em method of nomina ­ matter how valid an allegation of mis­ tions. tion, appointment, and removal of stat e conduct may be. In short, this Catch-22 The motion is not debat able. An amend­ judges should be retained. situation is a potential formula for dead­ ment to the motion is not in order, and it Majority Resolution No. 10. Resolved that is not in order to reconsider the vote by the people of Colorado should not adopt a lock and House inaction on complaints which the motion is agreed or disagreed to. constitutional amendtnent providing that of misconduct against Members of either Debate on the resolution shall be lb:nited to nuclear :t:aclllties be sited only with the prior party. But, the failure of the Rules to not Inore than two hours, which shall be approval of a two-thirds majority of each permit a House majority to direct the divided equally between those favoring and House of the General Assembly. 16282 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 2, 1976 CREATING A CAPITALIST to selling stock to people on small install­ Valley. She attended Moorpark Public ments. Schools. In college she majored in Political What would be wrong for a group of pub­ Science and did graduate work in law at the lic-spirited believers in the American en­ University of Southern California. When she HON. DALE MILFORD terprise system to sell stock on a weekly found that this activity failed to give her OF TEXAS collection program as an effort contributed the self-expression she needed to satisfy her IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in the public interest. In the interest of keen interest in people, especially the preserving the economic system? A group "underdog", she entered the field of social Wednesday, June 2, 1976 like the Jaycees might make a big contribu­ casework and found her niche. Mr. MILFORD. Mr. Speaker, more and tion to our society by such an effort. It In October of 1938, she became a Junior more Americans today want to know might work; we certainly can't say it would Caseworker in the Ventura County Welfare what they can do to help add impetus not, because it's never been tried to my Department, interviewing applicants for knowledge. public assistance, conducting investigations to the recovery from our economic hard Third: Why in the world are the utility regarding eligibility and computing needs of times. companies, for example, not working hard­ eligible recipients. By July of 1947, she had Al Altwegg, business editor for the er to make stockholders and owners out of risen to the classification of Public As­ Dallas Morning News, in his column, their customers? sistance Supervisor I. In this classification "One Man's Opinion," on May 15 offered I do not believe that I have ever heard of she was responsible for the supervision of a few suggestions on how we all could such a company-or any other company that approximately 15 social workers, for the become involved in our economic system. sells to the general public and, hence hac; a review of all applications for public assist­ stake in having lots of small owners on its ance, supervision of secretarial and clerical I share these with my colleagues: side-really instituting an energetic pro­ personnel, interviewing difficult clients, and CREATING A CAPITALIST gram for getting its stock sold to its custom­ making determination of eligibility, assist­ (By Al Altwegg) ers. I wonder why not? ing the welfare director in formulation of How many other people, I wonder, have \\'ho is more likely to buy a product than a administrative procedures. stockholder of the company that makes that In November of 1949, the State Depart­ gotten tired of business executives making ment of Social Welfare took over the ad­ speeches about the need for this country to product? Who is less likely to complain about the price of something than a per.oon ministration of the Categorical Aid Assist­ make the free enterprise system work? ance throughout California, and she was If ever we had a situation comparable to who can expect to get wmething back in the form of cash dividends paid by a company placed in charge of the Ventura State Office. "everybody talks about the weather but no­ However, in March of 1950, the County again body does anything about it," it's the "free that is selling that something and making money at it? assumed administration of the programs, enterprise system." and she returned to her classification of Like the weather, it seems t.o me, free It really puzzles me that more grassroots efiort is not made by companies to make Public Assistance Supervisor I. enterprise is one of those things that nobody In July of 1950, she transferred to the much does anything about. And I find my­ small stockholders for themselves, to get more people on their side thereby. Kern County Department of Social Welfare, self, more and more, harking back to that where she was placed in charge of the Delano other old saying, Talk is cheap. What I keep That's three ideas, just off the top of one man's head. Given some thinking, there District Office. She returned to Ventura pondering is, When are these talkers going County in May of 1952, and assumed the to do something about it? should be a number of other ways through which Americans could be made into capi­ position of Social Work Supervisor I. Or, to put it another way, why don't they In July of 1954, she was appointed Social get out and start making capitalists out of talists. If we can sell television sets to virtually everyone in the country, should Work Supervisor II. From January through more Americans? And by capitalists I mean April of 1955, she served as Acting Director owners of common stock, owners of a stake it not be possible to sell dividend-paying stock to more people-with imaginative pro­ of the Ventura County Welfare Department. in American enterprise. grams for doing so? On July 1, 1969, she was promoted to Chief I've got the notion that once we make The trouble is that nobody is really mer­ of Program Development with subsequent stockholders of people, we make them into chandising the American competitive enter­ promotions as follows: Acting Assistant Di­ people who have something to lose when the prise system. And that's amazing, because rector on February 1, 1970, Chief of Welfare American competitive market system is we can merchandise a multitude of things Field Services on September 8, 1970 and Chief fiddled with or diluted, people who have a when there's money in it for us. Is there no of Welfare Services on May 9, 1972. reason to defend and protect the system. incentive to really seU what we profess to But talk won't do it. We've proved that, believe in. We let the other guys-the op­ because we've been talked groggy for years position, or the enemy if you will-sell and the situation goes from bad to worse de­ against us, but somehow we seem to be timid A TRIBUTE TO THE HONORABLE spite all the talk. about selling what we say we believe in. HUGH A. DOYLE So why not try something else? Why not Why is it? Could it be that we don't attempt an alternative? Who knows, it might really believe? Or could it be that the other work. Certainly it could achieve no less. guys are actually more dedicated believers HON. RICHARD L. OTTINGER All right then, Altwegg, so what are you than we are, and more willing to work for OF NEW YORK talking about? Make stockholders how? their beliefs than we are? Well, let me throw up a few possibilities IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for thought starters. Wednesday, June 2, 1976 First: A lot of corporate executives, for years now, have been lending their efforts Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, on each year to a program aimed at promoting RETIREMENT DINNER FOR June 12 of this year, Hugh A. Doyle will the sale of U.S. Savings Bonds through pay­ FRANCES McLACHLIN conclude his service as president of the roll deduction plans. It's a means of pro­ New Rochelle chapter of the Association moting saving; it sells a lot of savings bonds to help finance the mammoth federal deficits. HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO of Retired Persons. Hugh is a dear friend The investments are not the world's best, but OF CALIFORNIA of many years and it is indeed a privilege they do get people to save who might not IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to share with my colleagues a number of save anything otherwise. Hugh's numerous achievements and Ma.ny of those executives are the top Wednesday, June 2, 1976 commitments to the people of Westches­ bosses of publicly held companies. But how Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, I ter County and the country many of them have ever considered starting would like to bring to the attention of Hugh served as a commander in the a similar program through which their em­ U.S. Coast Guard and later held the post ployes could buy stock in their own firms via the Members of the House the fact that a payroll deduction plan? And I wonder why Frances McLaughlin will be given a re­ of president of the Reserve Officers As­ not? Sure, there might be some problems to tirement dinner on June 15, 1976, fol­ sociation. Highlights of his career in pub­ be solved in instituting such a plan. But lowing 35 years of dedicated employ­ lic office include service on the New anything people want to do badly enough can ment. Mrs. McLaughlin is currently em­ Rochelle City Council from 1964 to 1971; be worked out; lt·s just a case of solving the ployed by the Public Social Services from 1968 to 1971 he was that city's dep­ details. Agency of the County of Ventura, Calif. uty mayor. He has been active as chair­ Second: Back in the old days, a lot of man and a member of the New Rochelle insurance used to be sold on a weekly pay­ The following is a brief biography set­ ment plan. Collectors would come around ting forth her many accomplishments: Recreation Commission. He has also held and collect weekly, maybe a quarter or two FRANCES MC-LAUGHLIN memberships on the New Rochelle Ad­ a week. It's not longer done, mainly because On June 15, 1976, Frances McLaughlin is visory Committee on Adult Education, it's uneconomic to pay people to make col­ retiring from Public Social Services Agency the County Recreation Council, the New lections of such small amounts. But that's after 35 years and 6 months of employment. York State Youth Commission, and was no reason why the principle could be adapted She was born on a ranch in the Simi a delegate to the White House Confer- June 2, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16283 ence on Youth in 1960. The Scout Dad's The excellent community service pro­ southern Californians both spent an average Fund Appeal for the Boy Scouts of Amer­ vided by this firehouse and by the many of a Uttle more than 7% days per visit. ica and the New Rochelle Committee for fire departments throughout the nation Individual visitors often engaged 1n more American Relief in Korea have also come is greatly appreciated but too seldom than one activity. Uses made of the desert under Hugh's leadership. He has a long by visitors (percentages): sightseeing, 67.6; outwardly acknowledged. We owe an camping, 613.8; picnicking, 48.0; hiking, 45.9; history of tireless participation in the enormous debt to these courageous men photography, 45.5; fishing, 42.5; backpack­ Knights of Columbus as State deputy, and women who risk their lives daily so ing, 34.8; pleasure driving, 32.8; horseback State secretary, and Grand Knight. that others may live. riding, 34.5; Hugh's many years of concern and devo­ I would like to take this opportunity Rock climbing, 32.1; motorcycle riding, tion to the problems facing this Nation's to congratulate Mr. Diem and his co­ 26.1; target shooting, 24; jeeping, 19.3; dune­ elderly led him to his active role in the workers at the Albertson Hook and Lad­ buggytng, 19.2; hunting, 18.2; motorcycle Association of Retired Persons and last der Engine and Hose Company No. 1 for racing, 12.2; painting, 9.9; hang gliding, 8.9; sand sailing, 7.7; other, 7.6; none of these, year, the city of New Rochelle honored their many years of fine service and to 2.4. him as a Senior Citizen of the Year. thank an the firefighters of this Nation Although the percentages were close for Hugh's other active involvements in­ for their indispensable efforts. most activities, Southern Californians showed clude memberships in the American Le­ a greater preference than Northern Cali­ gion, the Friendly Sons of st. Patrick. fornians for: photography, horseback riding, New Rochelle Rowing Club, the Irish rock climbing, target shooting, motorcycle Benevolent Society, the Insurance Agents SURVEY SHOWS DESERT VISITS EX­ riding, dune buggying and motorcycle racing. Association, and the Westchester Grand CEED EARLIER ESTIMATIONS Northern Californians were more interested than the southerners in sightseeing, camp­ Jurors Association. He is also a vital part ing, picnicking, :fishing, hlldng, pleasure driv­ of the New York State Recreation and ing, backpacking, hunting, jeeping, painting, Parks Society, the Coast Guard Academy HON. SHIRLEY N. PETTIS sand saillng and hang gilding. Alumni Association, the U.S. Naval In­ Oli' CALIJi'OB.NIA Attitudes among all respondents, when stitut;P., the Mental Health Association, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES asked to select the three most important and the New Rochelle Urban Renewal issues affecting the desert (percentages): Agency. Wednesday, June 2, 1976 provide more protection of desert wildlife Mrs. PETTIS. Mr. Speaker, between and ecology, 54.1; more protection of historic Hugh's leadership in the Association areas, 38.6; less developments of an kinds, for Retired Persons will be sorely missed, November 8-13, 1975, the Field Research 37.1; more campgrounds, 28.8; more control but I know he will continue his efforts Corp., under contract with the Bureau over recreational and other public uses, 22; on behalf of all of our older Americans. of Land Management conducted a state­ more educational programs, 17.1; wide survey of California residents to ob­ Moce places for organized recreation, 15.4; tain preliminary data regarding use, re­ more roads and sightseeing places, 14.1; more creational demand, and attitudes re­ development of mineral resources, 10.9; more A JOB WELL DONE garding the California Desert. places for o:tl'-road vehicle use, 10.7; more hiking trails, 10.6; more motels and eating The purpose of the statewide survey places, 9.8. HON. LESTER L. WOLFF was to obtain a better understanding of The protective sentiments expressed were how the people of the State feel about at a stronger ratio among those who had Oli' NEW YORK and relate to the California Desert. This actually visited the desert than among those IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES sUI-vey was a concerted attempt to bring who had not. This was especially true in Wednesday, June 2, 1976 broad citizen and regional input into the advocating protection of historic places and public information and participation limiting developments of all kinds. Larger Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, I would like process of planning for the California percentages of visitors wanted more spe­ to call to the attention of the House the Desert. cific developments, however, such as camp­ dedicated service which Mr. Conrad E. grounds, roads and sight seeing places and Mr. Speaker, the results of this survey more sites for off-road vehicle use. Diem has given to the Albertson Hook underscore the need for Congress to act and Ladder Engine and Hose Company swiftly in passing the necessary legisla­ No. 1. Mr. Diem has recently celebrated tion to protect and preserve the Cali­ his .50th anniversary with the fire depart­ fornia Desert through a coordinated INTRODUCTION OF A BILL TO ment and he is a man well-known and comprehensive, multiple-use plan. Brief­ respected in the firehouse and in the com­ SUSPEND TEMPORARILY THE munity alike. ly, the results indicate: First, a substan­ DUTY ON POPPY STRAW CON­ tial use of the desert by the public; sec­ CENTRATION He has certainly contributed a great ond, an expressed demand for a variety of deal to the successful efforts of the fire recreational activities; and third, a gen­ department and he has the most com­ eral public concern in protecting and petent colleagues whose work must also HON. HERMAN T. SCH EEBELI maintaining the desert•s ecology, wild­ OF be commended. Among the officers of the life, naturalness, and historic features. Albertson Fire Department are: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES At this time, I would like to insert a OFfiCERS Oli' ALBERTSON FmE DEPARTMENT more complete assessment of the survey Wednesday, June 2, 1976 Chief: Peter J. Tennis. which was included in this month's Mr. SCHNEEBELI. Mr. Speaker, I am 1st Assistant Chief: Alexander Markowski. B.L.M. Newsbeat. 2nd Assistant Chief: William Weisse, Jr. today introducing legislation which I Captain: Jose DaRocha. SultVEY SHOWS DESERT VISITS EXCEED EARLIER hope will relieve a shortage of much 1st Lieutenant: Dennis Craine. ESTIMATIONS needed medicinal drugs in this country. 2nd Lieutenant: Thomas Tilley. A statewide survey by Field Research Cor­ The bill would suspend temporarily the President: Harry Sherman. poration last November indicates nearly one­ duty on imports of poppy straw concen­ Vice President: R. Thomas Correll. third of all California adults aged 18 and trate used in producing codeine and mor­ Secretary-Treasurer Trustees: William over visited the southern California Desert Clark. last year. There are a total of 13.3 mill1on phine. Both the importation and the Recording Secretary: Wllllam Weisse, Sr. people in this age group. production would be conducted under Corresponding Secretary: Michael A!frunti, FRC's survey was made under contract rigorous controls. Jr. from the Bureau of Land Management to A worldwide shortage of crude gum Financial Scretary: Peter Mancuso. help learn how Californians feel about and opium, plus increasing demand for co­ Treasurer: John Correll. relate to the desert. Data was obtained on deine and morphine, have caused U.S. Sergeant-at-Arms: Edward Wilenski. use, recreation demand and attitudes. About firms to turn to imports of poppy straw Company Chaplain: Paul Regeness. one-half of the 24 million acre desert is ad­ ministered by BLM. and concentrate of poppy straw to meet Company Doctor: Dr. Lawrence Kryle. their growing needs for crude opium. Captain. Fire Police: Conrad E. Diem. A random sampling which included inter­ Captain, First Aid: Paul Regeness. view of 1,124 persons showed some close The duty on poppy straw concentra.te- parallels in thinking among those who nad 1.5 percent ad valorem from countries BOABD OF TKUSTEES actually viSited the Callfornia Desert and accorded most-favored-nation tari1f Carl Jetter, Chairman; John Bialobrzesl!::i, those who had not. treatment and 10 percent ad valorem Douglas A. Diem, Clarence Fuelling, Herman Twenty-three per cent of the desert visi­ Fuelling, JohnS. Olivari, John Vecchione. from other countries--serves to penalize tors were fron1. northern 0811fornla. They and the importation of an essential material, 16284 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 2, 1976 and to increase both the cost of the ON ITS 30TH ANNIVERSARY, THE Italian earthquake victims, I was proud finished product and its price at the con­ REPUBLIC OF ITALY FACES ITS to attend the White House ceremony sumer level. BIGGEST CHALLENGE yesterday, at which time the President This legislation is designed to increase signed into law, legislation containing the supply and reduce the cost to con­ this relief assistance. The President sumers of essential medical drugs, the HON. MARIO BIAGGI emphasized the importance of continued, absence of which would seriously damage OF NEW YORK strong United States-Italian relations, the level of medical care in this country. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATiv""ES which I am sure was met with great sup­ port in Italy. Wednesday, June 2, 1976 Besides the importance from a hu:.nan­ Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, on this day, itarian standpoint, these funds are also millions of Italians both in this Nation important politically. Since the tragic BICENTENNIAL POEM REDEDICAT­ and throughout the world mark the 30th earthquake of May 6, the Italian Com- ING "THE AMERICAN SPIRIT OF anniversary of the founding of the Re­ _munist Party has attempted to make a FREEDOM'' public of Italy. Today, I take special political issue of the relief efforts of the pride in being an American of Italian Italian Government. The $25 million in ancestry and join with my many Italo­ U.S. assistance will help prevent the HON. MATTHEW F. McHUGH American friends in noting this impor­ Communists from further exploiting OF NEW YORK tant milestone in the annals of world the misfortunes of their countrymen for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES history. political benefit. The aid will be dis­ Wednesday, June 2, 1976 The people of Italy have mixed emo­ tributed on both a local and regional tions on this date. There is great joy basis and will represent the visible lead­ Mr. McHUGH. Mr. Speaker, one of my over the fact that Italy has achieved 30 ership of the United States on behalf of constituents, Mr. David Karp _of years of freedom as a republic, but there the people of Italy. This may prove deci­ Kerhonksen, N.Y., recently made ava~l­ is also sorrow and apprehension. The sor­ sive in thwarting Communist gains in able to me a copy of a poem ~e has m.:lt­ row is because of the recent tragic earth­ the upcoming electi'Ons. ten commemorating the Bicentennial. quake which struck northern Italy, kill­ On this day it is also fitting to honor Mr. Karp's poem, "The American Spirit ing more than 1,000 people and leaving the many and varied-contributions of the of Freedom," very eloquently captures upwards of 100,000 homeless. Italians are large Italo-American community to this the spirit of America's proud past and apprehensive about the future of democ­ Nation. The Italo-American influence is the promise of her fu~ure, and I. would racy in Italy which may be determined in felt in virtually every facet of our society. like to share this movmg work With. my the elections set for June 20. Of particular significance is the growing colleagues. I include "The American Despite her present problems, the his­ power of the Italo-American c'Ommunity Spirit of Freedom" to be entered in the tory of the Italian civilization has been in the world of politics. The Italian RECORD at this point: filled with many important and success­ American congressional delegation now " THE AMERICAN SPmiT OF FREEDOM!" ful chapters. The ideals of democracy totals 27, our highest number yet. We are Arise, America! . . . -Time does not wait, and culture which have evolved in Italy proud to be led by Chairman PETER Ro­ Vigilance holds your freedom's fate. . since her earliest days, have greatly DINO of the House Judiciary Committee, stand by your leaders in this global stnfe, shaped our world. Alert to the noblest adventure in life. who has achieved his own place in his­ Rerr.ember the great immortals of yore. Following the Second World War, Ital­ tory for the crucial role he played dur­ Behold their truths, lest we march to war! ians were once again presented with the ing the impeachment proceedings in the fruits of freedom and following a na­ summer of 1973. We also note with deep First came the Prophet, all-wise and divine, tional referendum, the Republic of Italy regret the decision of the distinguished Whose ethics remain an eternal shrine. was established on June 2, 1946. He preached this law on Sinai the Mount, Senator from Rhode Island

INTERDEPENDENCE MEANS THE SURVIVAL OF THE Developing countries must also be al­ Ladies aud gentlemen of the greater FREE ENTERPRISE SYSTEM-WE STAND AS lowed to participate more fully in the bene­ midwest business community, Let us frankly PARTNERS OR WE FAIL fits of transnational investment. Although admit that interdependence is the key to (By Gen. Anastasio Somoza Debayle) the very term transnational company has the world's future existence. There can be always been taken to mean "bad partner," no real progress unless it is world progress. Ladies and gentlemen: It is both a pleasure I tell you, my friends, quite frankly, I ad­ In terms of trade, the basic principle must and an honor for me to be here in Chicago mire the transnational companies. They con­ be partnership, not just marketing. If the addressing such a distinguished gathering of tinue to venture capital despite world con­ free enterprise system is to survive, indus­ American businessmen. I would like to thank ditions under which a country may have a trialized nations and developing countries the Chicago Association of Commerce and democratic free-enterprise-oriented govern­ must work together to achieve more equi­ Industry and the International 'I'rade Club ment one day, and a Communist-dominated table trade agreements, an acceptable code for inviting me to participate in the 39th state run economy the next. of conduct for transnational investment, Annual World Trade Conference. Because the free-enterprise system con­ and functional methods of transfering tech­ I hardly need to point out to you who flicts with the aims of communism, I feel nology. conduct dally international transactions how that genuine criticism of non-ethioo.l busi­ small the world has become, not only in re­ ness practices by transnationals has been spect to travel and communications, but also [From the Nicaragua News Service, New used in insidious campaigns to undermine York, N.Y.] in terms of natural resources. The energy and discredit it. crisis has made us painfully aware that the We must not lose sight of the fact· that INTERDEPENDENCE MEANS THE SURVIVAL OF world's natural resources are strictly limited. the world is divided into two philosophies, THE FREE ENTERPRISE SYSTEM-"WE STAND The United States and Russia are trying to communism and capitalism. I put it to you AS PARTNERS OR WE FAIL" expand global frontiers with explorations of that Russia has many transnational in­ CHICAGO, April 22.-President Anastasio space, trips to the· moon, and studies of life terests which should not be overlooked Somoza of Nicaragua called upon U.S. busi­ conditions on other planets. But for us here simply because they are presented as gov­ nessmen to stop being shortsighted and to and now it is more important to concentrate ernment projects. Their supposedly govern­ think in terms of the world as a whole and on our relationships with each other and to mental nature permits them to be used to not just their own future trade prospects, if recognize the interdependence of nations. influence national policies. Indeed, encour­ they value the democratic way of life. As the United States approaches its Bi­ aging pseudo-nationalist movements is the The President made his remarks in a major centennial, let me remind you how much communist way of preventing capitalist in­ address on "Interdependence Means the Sur­ your prosperity has depended on the con­ vestments. So if you value the democratic vival of the Free Enterprise System" given tributions of people from all parts of the way of life, stop being short-sighted and before the delegates of the 1976 Chicago world. Their technological skills, capacity begin to think not only of your own future World Trade Conference held at The Hyatt :for hard work, and wealth have made your trade perspectives, but those of the world Regency Hotel here today. country the great nation it is today. Is it as a whole. "We must not lose sight of the fact that not time for the United States to realize Now, though I have told you that I admire the world is divided into two philosophies, that its :future does not lie within its borders, the transnational companies in general, I Communism and Capitalism", said the Presi­ to cease thinking in an insular fashion, and am still aware ·~hat there have been many dent. "Russia has many transnational in­ to start considering the needs of tile world abuses which should no longer be toler­ terests which should not be overlooked as a whole? ated. It is true that much confidence in the simply because they are presented as govern­ The Midwest was once the stronghold of integrity of business has been lost, but it ment projects. Their supposedly govern­ in the United States. For years is your job to restore it. mental nature permits them to influence this policy kept you from recognizing the The time has come for those in business national policies." "In fact," said Somoza, growing significance of economic interde­ to put their houses in order. Rules of con­ "encouraging pseudo-nationalist movements pendence among nations. Fortunately, the duct must be clearly set forth so that both is the Communist way of preventing Capital­ increased need for international trade and corporation and host country can play the ist investments." today's advanced communications have made game fairly. For some time, draft codes The President, while recognizing some isolationism obsolete. have been under discussion at the United abuses by transnational corporations and the However, in most cases the new attitude Nations Economic and Social Council, in n>eed for a code of conduct, paid tribute to of the business community fails to appre­ which developing countries !lave a strong the transnationals which continue to "pro­ ciate the fact that they can no longer treat voice. but tllus far nothing concrete has vide venture capital despite world condi­ developing countries simply as markets. Re­ been produced. The need is urgent. Let us tions." member, the United States is already depen­ hope the delay is not indefinite, especially dent on imports for many of its raw ma­ in view of the need for new investments In another part of his address, the Presi­ terials, for instance, up to 90 percent of some in the developing countries. dent of Nicaragua urged the industrialized minerals, 75 percent of others. This situa­ Equally necessary to the economic growth nations to allow developing countries to par­ tion has a tremendous socio-economic im.: of developing countries is the transfer of ticipate in decisions which afi'ect their des­ pact on the total output of the nation. As modern technology. The United States it­ tinies. The formation of economic blocs to both yom· high standard of living and great­ self is an outstanding example of this phe­ build up regional bargaining strength indi­ er volume of trade demand the use of larger nomenon. It is i...nperative, then, that trans­ cates that developing countries "no longer quantities of natural resources, our inter­ nationals find ways to convey their know­ believe in, nor accept, trading on an open­ dependence becomes more vital. how to host countries, keeping in mind market basis." "If industrialized nations Should not then developing countries be prevailing social, economic, and ecological fail to recognize this trend they may well allowed by industrialized countries to par­ conditions. Furthermore, emphasis should face future pressures caused by actions such ticipate in decisions which affect their des­ be placed on stimulating local technology as those of the oil cartel," said President tinies? Or let me put it more strongly, the without impail'ing national identities. Somoza. developing countries must be given a chance In Nicaragua the government aims to pro­ ''Interdependence is the key to the world's to participate. mote the socio-economic welfare of its peo­ future existence" the Nicaraguan President In order to acquire a greater share of the ple. We feel this can be best achieved said. "There can be no real progress unless benefits from trade, investment, and tech­ through the free-enterprise system ani wel­ it is world progress." "If the free enterprise nological transfer, developing countries are come direct foreign investment in the hope system is to survive, industrialized nations forming blocs of economic interest that will of diversifying the economy. The govern­ and developing countries must work together enable them to bargain more successfully. ment has established economic policies that to achieve more equitable trade agreements, Regional integration efforts are a strong in­ make investment opportunities attractive. an acceptable code of conduct for tl·ansna­ dication that developing countries no longer Later this year it will inaugurate the apex tional investments, and functional methods believe in or accept trading on an open­ manufacturing zone, a free zone, which will of transferring technology." market basis. The newly formed Latin Ameri­ offer additional advantages to local and for­ In direct references to his own country, can economic system (SELA) is an example eign investors while accelerating the growth the President of Nicaragua said that the of this movement. SELA is being used as a of national income by creating new joba. disastrous earthquake of 1972, which devas­ framework to structure regional commercial The Nicaraguan experience after the dis­ tated much of the capital city of Managua, and financial policies for trading with the astrous earthquake of 1972 demonstrates to­ demonstrated the expanding sense of aware­ rest of the world. As national sentiments day's expanding sense of awareness and co­ ness and cooperation between nations. "In­ permit, it will become a negotiating power operation. Intern1l.tional assistance in the ternational assistance" said Somoza, "in the of enormous relevance. form of government aid and private invest­ form of government aid and private invest­ If you do not accept discussions which ment has enabled us to proceed with the ment has enabled us to proceed with the will lead to cooperative and equitable agree­ orderly reconstruction of Managua. Our goal orderly reconstruction of Managua. Our goal ments on pricing and marketing of essential is to build a capital city with a wide variety is to build a capital city with a wide variety products, you may face future pressures of facilities and services which should win of facillties and services which should win caused by actions such as tha.t of the oll the attention of the international business the attention of the interuational business cartel. community. comml.mity." 16288 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 2, 1976 HONORS PRESIDENTIAL SCHOLARS the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1779. In arate events, that the war was fought only this revolutionary piece of legislation, Jef­ after the revolution in ideas and beliefs had ferson observed. that in order to ensure that occurred. In a letter to a friend that year he those who participated in government are wrote: "But what do we mean by the Ameri­ HON. J. J. PICnE wise and honest, citizens endowed with ge­ can revolution? Do we mean the American OF TEXAS nius and virtue should receive a liberal edu­ war? The revolution was in the minds and cation. For Jef!erson the future of liberty hearts of the people.... This radical change IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES depended on well-educated gifted leaders, in the principles, opinions, sentiments, and Wednesday, June 2, 1976 the participants in government who made affections of the people was the real Ameri­ the difficult decisions concerning America's can revolution." Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, I would like future. I believe that this revolution continues to bring to the attention of the House a For similar reasons, Benjamin Franklin, today. I had the opportunity to read a. num­ speech made May 19 by our colleague, probably the only American of his time uni­ ber of the essays that you submitted with LINDY BoGGS, chairman of the Joint Com­ versally known by educated and enlightened your applications for the Presidential Schol­ mittee on Arrangements for Commemo­ Europeans, concluded in his Autobiography ars Program, and I was deeply impressed by that his first "project of a public nature•' your thoughtful sincerity. No less important ration of the Bicentennial. The occasion is your real concern with principles and the was a luncheon sponsored by the com­ was his role in orga.ntzlng a "subscription library." Still in existence today, the re­ need for participation, a concern you share mittee to honor the Presidential Scholars. spected Library Company of Philadelphia with your predecessors of two hundred years The Presidential Scholars, a program was counted by Franklin among his proudest ago, as you have shown in your essays. established by Executive order in 1964 achievements because so many others like it Now I would like to share with you a few and administered by the Office of Gifted were organized throughout the colonies. quotes chosen from them. Time will only and Talented of the Office of Education, Libraries were equally important, Franklin allow me to read from two or three unfortu­ wrote, because they had contributed to the nately, but these few selections represent Department of Health, Education, and many of the ideas and sentiments expressed Welfare, honors our Nation's most in­ stand the Americans had made defending their privileges. In short, Franklin believed in all of the essays. tellectually distinguished and accom­ that libraries had functioned as an instru­ "Do not rely totally upon your heritage, plished graduating high school students. ment of revolution. For him, an educated but persist in using it as the groundwork One hundred and twenty-one students people were a free people. upon which you erect an even greater Amer­ representing each State ::n the Union. We know that there were many talented ican nation of which you and your descend­ the District of Columbia, Puerto Rlco, and gifted people in America at the time ants wlll be proud." and American families living abroad are of the revolution; and, among those who "I strive on involvement, and only hope participated in that struggle for independ­ that some of my enthusiasm will rub off on selected from public and private high others. It is our responsibility to keep worth­ schools to receive personal recognition of ence, some became leaders during that period that determined the future direction while opportunities open and create new their abilities. of American history. These leaders put their ones so that the spirit of '76 will live on in This year, as part of its Bicentennial trust in the genius of an educated people the hearts of generations of the future." activities, the Joint Committee on the Bi­ and in the principles of democracy. But what "All I can really be sure of is that my centennial held a special luncheon to did they think of revolution itself? How did future, like that of my fellow Americans, must be based essentially on a belle! 1n honor these outstanding students and they define revolution historically and in­ my own capacities, a faith in the dignity presented each of them with a scroll tellectually? Was their definition different of other human beings, and commitment to award on behalf of the U.S. Congress. from ours? Finally, and perhaps most im­ portantly, can you and I here today carry my country." The text of the speech follows: on a dialogue across generations of time with I feel that these quotes and all the essays CoNTINUING THE REVOLUTION-GIFTED LEAD­ men and women long in their graves whose demonstrate that the future of this Republic ERSHIP AND THE FUTURE OF THE REPUBLIC is in good hands-your hands-the steady actions mean so much to us? hands of young people who want to par­ (Address by LINDY (Mrs. HALE) BOGGS) When we think of the concept of revolu­ ticipate in the leadership of this nation. It Today is a very special day for me. I feel tion today, for instance, most of us think wlll be up to you and all whom you rep­ privileged to be able to spend time with you, about the American Revolution, that armed resent to move our country into its third the Presidential Scholars. You represent the struggle against tyranny and corruption of century and participate in this continuing future leadership of our country-leadership two centuries ago. But the leaders of 1776 revolution that stresses ideas, not wars; in the arts and sciences, in industry and in had a different revolution in mind as they principles rather than tyranny. It is a peace­ government--in all of those humane activi­ tried to guide the American people into the ful revolution. Let us encourage 1t. ties that give this nation its strength and future. Their concept of revolution was based On behalf of the Joint Commltee on the vitality. Mllitary might alone has never ade­ on the Glorious Revolution of 1688 in Brit­ Bicentennial, I would now like to present quately defended a complex civllization such ain, a crucial event in the struggle to estab­ each of you with a scroll. This scroll has as ours against its enemies. The first Ameri­ lish parliamentary government that had been prepared specifically for this occasion can leaders of two centuries ago understood begun with the Civil War, the execution of and for you, the Bicentennial Presidential that basic principle. The strength of a peo­ Charles I, and the establishment of the Scholars. The body of the scroll reads as ple depends on the flexibility of its insti­ Commonwealth by Cromwell. That was the follows: tutions and the principles and ideals of its revolution as far as Americans in the 1770s "Whereas the United States is entering citizens. It wlll be your responsibility to see were concerned; and they saw their at­ its third century, and it is appropriate that that the resillence of our most important in­ tempts to be represented in Parliament as the U.S. Congress recognize the country's stitutions is maintained and to guard and part of the long struggle to establish repre­ outstanding youth and its future leader­ nurture the principles and ideals of our sentative government as supreme over the ship; and citizens. tyranny of a corrupt monarchy. It is pre­ "Whereas it is in the national interest Because we are gathered here today in cisely those tyrannical acts which are listed to encourage high attainment by students the United States Capitol, I think it appro­ in great detail in the Declaration of Inde­ in secondary schools throughout the na­ priate that we spend a few minutes discuss­ pendence and which are the major portion tion; and ing th} role of leadership and the future of of that text. The Declaration is, in fact, a "Whereas national acknowledgement of this republic. Such a discussion by its very commentary on "The history of the present outstanding attainment in both leadership nature must be intertwtned with education, king of Great Britain ... a history of in­ and scholarship will enhance the purposes participation, and revolution, because these juries and usurpations all having in direct of American education and will promote the are three cultural concepts and human activ­ object the establishment of an absolute future contributions of today•s youth to the ities that are woven into the sturdy fabric tyranny over these states." prudent governance of this nation; and of our historical past as well as the unknown The American revolution, then, was part of "Whereas it is the purpose of the Presi­ future life of the nation. They were of cur­ a larger one-a. revolution of ideas. It had.. dential Scholars Program to recognize and rent importance two hundred years ago when begun in the previous century and had be­ commemorate outstanding leadership, schol­ the formation of this Republic was immi­ come a vital part of that group of ideas and arship, a.nd contribution to the school and nent, and they are equally paramount customs that were an institution in them­ community; today. selves-the British Constitution. The Ameri­ "Therefore, it is highly appropriate that The need for improved education was a can revolution, then, was both a. constitu­ the Joint Committee on Arrangements for central concern of our Founding Fathers. tional revolution and revolution of ideas, one Commemoration of the Bicentennial ac­ For Thomas Jefferson, the future of liberty of institutions and principles. knowledge the outstanding achievements of depended on well-educated gifted leaders. John Adams was thinking of that in 1818 the 1976 Presidential Scholars through this It was !or this very reason 'that he intro­ when he expressed what many of his com­ award which recognizes the above-named as duced "A Bill for the More General Diffusion patriots of the time knew and felt, that the a PreSidential Scholar in the Bicentennial of Knowledge" in the General Assembly of ·ar and the revolution were related but sep- Year 1976." June 2, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16289 TRIBUTE TO JERRY R. LYMAN committed and dedicated staff at WGMS, and Budget adeqcate audit and collec­ has succeeded in overcoming setbacks tion manpower, I will raise in the Ways and continues to produce a service that and Means Committee the idea of setting HON. JOHN H. ROUSSELOT Washington, D.C. can be proud of and aside a portion of the estate tax to pay OF CALIFORNIA for which all Americans who esteem cul­ for the proper administration of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ture and the performing arts can be estate tax provisions. Adequate ms ad­ grateful. ministration of the estate tax laws is Wednesday, June 2, 1976 Last March, Jerry Lyman and WGMS essential if we are to insure that these Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker, today earned national recognition when the taxpayers-who constitute the very I would like to call oo the attention of station received one of 27 coveted George wealthiest segment of our population­ my colleagues the unique contribution Foster Peabody Awards that were given fulfill their legal obligations. that one of this city's citizens, and the this year for meritorious service to broad­ Following is a summary of the estate radio station that he manages, have casting. Selected for recognition for pro­ tax problems described in the internal made to the cultural awareness and mu­ grams broadcast in 1975, WGMS won be­ audit reports on estate and gift tax for sical enlightenment of our Nation's Capi­ cause of ''their combined overall efforts the years 1971 through 1975: tal. The citizen is Jerry R. Lyman and to provide outstanding radio entertain­ IRS INTERNAL AUDrr REPORTS ON EsTATE AND the radio station is WGMS-AM/FM, ment!' GIFT TAX LAws owned and operated by RKO Radio. Not only is Jerry Lyman a successful The Internal Audit reports from IRS re­ Jerry Lyman and WGMS-AM/FM broadcasting executive, he is also a de­ gional and district offices concerning estate have an exemplary record of service to ;voted famlly man. He and his wife, and gift tax laws reveal many problems and the arts and achievement in their indus­ Judith, are active in civic, political, raise questions as to the extent of compll­ ance to these laws. try. The station was founded in 1946 by philanthropic and cultural interests in It must be noted, however, that a limited three area businessmen who were con­ the Washington area, and together they number of cases were reviewed, with an even vinced that classical music had a proven provide an inspiring example of personal smaller number of cases exhibiting problems. audience in the market. Originally and professional achievement. By their very nature, Internal Audit reports named WQQW, it was always identified As we re:fiect upon the accomplish­ tend to portray errors in operation and fall as Washington's good music station, ments of our country and its people dur­ to convey the fact that most IRS operations and in 1951, the call letters were changed ing this Bicentennial year, it is important are proceeding quite smoothly. In addition, to correspond with the slogan. WGMS that we measure the growth of our civlli­ according to the Internal Audit reports, the IRS districts surveyed are making every ef­ was purchased by RKO General, Inc. in zation not only through our advance­ fort to remedy the problems through re­ 1958 and, with the help of two full-time ment in science and technology but also assignment, restamng, and increased train- musicologists and an estimated 25,000 through our cultural development. It is 1ng. albums, they now offer the listeners in appropriate that we pay tribute to those Scope of audit in various districts the Washington, D.C., area more good citizens who are making a contribution Cases Prob­ music than any other classical radio to these endeavors. Jerry Lyman deserves reviewed lem station in the country. OVer the years, the our thanks and recognition for his seri­ District: cases station has pioneered a number of broad­ ous and successful efforts to maintain a Portland ------41 13 casts, many of which are still on the air. high degree of quality in publlc enter­ Phoenix ------23 11 For over 25 years, the weekly Sunday tainment and provide continuous pursuit Jacksonvtue ------54 18 evening concerts at the National Gallery of our cultural attainments. Louisville ------30 7 have been carried live on the station. For Cleveland ------17 3 18 years, WGMS carried the live broad­ In~polls ------58 11 casts of the Library of Congress Cham­ The major problems and issues noted in ber Music Series. Nationally known crit­ IN ESTATE the Internal Audit reports include the fol­ MILLIONS OF DOLLARS lowing: ics such as Patrick Hayes and Paul Hume TAXES GO UNCOLLECTED 1. Faulty documentation, not supportive have broadcast musical and cultural of examiners• valuations and conclusions. commentaries for 25 and 19 years respec­ This includes valuation of personal effects tively, and the Boston Symphony Orches­ HON. CHARLES A. VANIK in vague terms or token amounts, and the tra broadcasts have been heard over the oF omo acceptance of appraisals based on mere ver­ bal opinion and from unauthorized sources. Nation's good music station for 15 years. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Jerry Lyman, senior vice president of 2. Inquiry Is not always made where war­ Wednesday, June 2, 1976 ranted. RKO Radio, was appointed general man­ 3. Personal effects reported by examiners ager of WGMS in 1972 at a time when Mr. VANIK. Mr. Speaker, this week, are often unrealistic when compared to the the station was operating at a loss and the House Ways and Means Committee gross estate, in part due to inconsistencies during a period when a decision was begins consideration of legislation to between estate returns and related individ­ being contemplated to change the format lighten the burden of estate and gift ual income tax returns. Problems in this on AM to rock music. However, due to taxes. While some changes need to be area center upon income producing assets, public outcry and the leadership of the made in these laws, we must insure that income in respect of the decedent's income tax liabllities, duplicate assessment and new, capable general manager, the sta­ changes in the estate P..Ild gift tax laws double deductions, and unexpla.1ned adjust­ tion was able to retain its traditional do not accrue to the benefit of the ex­ ments. classical format on the AM band, turn its tremely wealthy. 4. Related income tax Issues are not re­ losses into profits and begin a period of In addition, I am concerned that the solved, due to a lack of specific guidelines sustained growth and progress that has Internal Revenue Service already has and meager income tax law traJ.nJng and continued ever since. Today, WGMS, trouble collecting the estate taxes owed experience on the part of estate examiners. under the direction of Jerry Lyman, is to the Treasury. I have just examined 11 The problem here centers upon unreported the most successful classical format radio IRS internal audit reports on problems or understai;ed capital ga.tns, overstated de­ ductions, unreported attorneys• fees and ex­ station in the United States. in the administration of the estate and ecutors' comm1ssions, etc. The leadership of Jerry Lyman was gift tax laws. 5. Faulty handling of the estate taxes them­ perhaps most appreciated during 1975 It appears that many extremely selves, including lack of consideration !or when the station sustained a string of wealthy estates have escaped hundreds accrued interest of the deceased, contempla­ unending calamities. Beginning with a of thousands of dollars in taxes and that tion of death transfers, funeral expenses, mishap that resulted in the loss of the the collection of estate taxes is often etc. station's broadcasting antenna, the year ''sloppy." Therefore, before further "lib­ 6. Lack of consideration for attorneys' tees and executors' commissions. of misfortune also included the acci­ eralization" of estate tax law is consid­ 7. Inconsistencies in policy am.ong the dental destruction of an important ered, we should ask the IRS what can be various districts, rendering uniform review p haser unit and a catastrophic fire that done to improve the quality of their col­ difficult. destroyed all of the station's offices and lection procedures. Indeed, given the 8. Delays 1n determination of reviews, lead­ studios. Inspite of these discouraging difficulty which the IRS has had in ob­ ing to poor taxpayer relations and a. loss of odds, Jerry Lyman, together with the t aining fr om the Office of Management interest to tlle government. C.AXII--1027-Part 13 16290 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 2, 1976 9. Examiners' reports are not numbered, his income tax return. Bonds with a basis to The respect and affection in which dated, adequately itemized, etc. the estate of $26,646 were sold for $61,256, BOB MICHEL is held is not limited to Examples cited in the reports of inadequate representing a gain of $34,610. However, this Members on the minority side of the documentation and "token" valuation off per­ gain was listed as a loss of $460. sonal effects include: - 2. Central Region, Cincinnati, Cleveland, aisle. All Members of this legislative body 1. Central Region, Louisville District, Detroit District, 1975-A decedent trans­ who have seen the man from Peoria at 1974-examiners' work papers on file contain ferred interest in a $26,000 home to his wife work in the Appropriations Committee no explanation as why a farm of 131 acres and son, thus excluding it from the estate and during floor debate, have come to was assessed at $21,000 in 1969 (date of return. However, the interest would be in­ rely on his consistently sound judgment. death), but which sold a year later for cludible lf the decedent had life-interest in His good commonsense is equaled only $60,000. the home. This issue was not dealt with, by his good humor and congeniality. No 2. Southeast Region, Jacksonville District, pointing out the unfamiliarity with income one works harder in the House of Repre­ 1975-No explanation for the discrepancy be­ tax laws on the part of the examiner. tween real estate valued at $140,000 and 3. Southeastern Region, Jacksonvllle Dis­ sentatives than BoB MICHEL; yet he is comparative land prices of $50,000 per acre, trict, 1975-An examiner made a fair assess­ always quick to remind us that we ought which would increase the value of the land ment of farmland worth $456,756, but failed never take ourselves too seriously. in question to approximately $750,000. to determine the fair market value of cattle The people of Illinois' 18th Congres­ 3. Northeast Region, Boston, Providence, and swine ($157,700). harvested crops sional District have every reason to be Hartford, Manhattan Districts, 1973-In 31 ($47,485), or a breeding herd ($329,172). proud that their Representative, BoB cases of estates of values up to $2,116,492, no Also, no resolution was afforded a $272,000 MICHEL, is the Congressional Staff Club's personal effects were reported. In 18 oases of tUfference between depreciable a-ssets sold It estates worth up to $1,119,192, only minimal and depreciable assets shown on the indi­ 1976 "Man of the Year." is a distinc­ personal effects (value $1,000) were reported. vidual income tax return. tion that is richly deserved. In 26 cases of estates worth up to $898,743, Examples of negligence with regard to the only personal effects reported consisted proper compliance with regulations concern­ solely of an automobile or an auto plus other ing attorneys' fees and executors' commis­ minimal effects. sions are cited by the Northeast Region SWINE FLU INOCULATION More specifically, from the Northeast Re­ (1973) . In the Hartford District, commis­ gion, Boston, Providence, Hartford, Manhat­ sions up to $16,000 were not reported, and tan Districts, 1973- fees up to $20,000 were not reported in the HON. WILLIAM L. HUNGATE Examples: Providence District. A. Estate value, $275,603; residence value, An example of inconsistencies in review OF MISSOURI $24,750; personal effects returned, $7,591 policy is evident in the Central Region IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (coin collection). ( 1975) . The Cincinnati District requires that Wednesday, June 2, 1976 B. Estate value, $240,195; residence value, a decedent's income tax form for one year be $45,000; personal effects returned, none. reviewed, while the Detroit and Cleveland Mr. HUNGATE. Mr. Speaker, in light C. Estate value, $345,977; residence value, Districts require review of forms for three of the overwhelming vote by the House $50,000; personal effects returned, $2,500 years. in favor of the President's swine flu in­ (automobile). Examples of delays in review procedure oculation program. I hope my colleagues D. Estate value, $359,563; residence value, include: will find this recent article from the St. $70,000 and, $23,500; personal effects re­ 1. Central Region, Cincinnati, Cleveland, turned, $1,830 (art work). Detroit Districts, 1975-A request from an Louis Post-Dispatch as interesting as 4. Northeast Region, Hartford District, executor for an early determination of tax the 12 of us who opposed this bill must. 1973-the examiner's report gives no support and release from personal liability under me The article follows: to the conclusion that securities in a given 2204, which requires actions to be completed No RUSH BY 0rHER NATIONS To BEGIN MASS estate were warrants valued at $14,250 and within one year, wa~ not fulfilled until 17 INOCULATIONS AGAINST SWINE FLU not stock worth $60,000. months from the date of request. This de­ GENEVA, May 29.-Although its epidemic Examples of unrealistic personal effects re­ lay included 7 full months of complete in­ spotters have been on a global lookout for porting due to inconsistencies between estate activity. more than three months, the World Health returns and individual income tax returns 2. Western Region, Fresno service Center, Organization has failed to find a single case include: 1973-50 percent of cases selected for re­ of swine influenza after the surprise out­ 1. Western Region, Portland District, view remained uns.ssessed for an average of break at Fort Dix, N.J., early this year. 1975-Securlties were returned as being of six months. With the southern hemisphere's winter no value while the book value of the same 3. Western Region, 1973-The Fresno Serv­ coming on-and the flu season down there securities was listed as between $57,869 and ice Center notes delays in the collection of along with it-new outbreaks of last year's $91,538. taxes amounting to $9,863,000. A-Victoria type have been reported from 2. Western Region, Portland District, several countries but nothing resembling the 1975-A surviving spouse claimed a $55,000 swine flu strain officially designated "A-New contribution in jointly owned property, an Jersey-75." assertion accepted by the examiner. However, BOB MICHEL: MAN OF THE YEAR International reaction to the threat of a other relevant data in the case file suggests global epidemic, or "pandemic" paralleling that this constitutes an overstatement of the disastrous 1918-19 Spanish influenza out­ $25,184. HON. JOHN J. RHODES break, is in calm and studied contrast to the 3. Southeastern Region, Jacksonville Dis­ OF ARIZONA massive antiswine flu inoculation proposed trict, 1975-An individual income tax return by President Gerald R. Ford in a White House shows individual ownership of securities IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES announcement last March. worth $41,500. However, on the estate return Wednesday, June 2, 1976 World Health officials who are monitoring the same securities were reported as being the swine flu situation through a world-wide under joint ownership. According to auditor's Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, Congress­ network of 96 health laboratories, say the calculations, this resulted in an undervalu­ man ROBERT H. MICHEL, of illinois, the United States stands alone in plans for mass ation of the estate equal to $42,205. distinguished minority whip, was re­ immunization of its population. 4. Central Region, Detroit District, 1974- cently honored by the Congressional And although no one in a position of re­ An individual return exhibits ownership of Staff Club as its 1976 "Man of the Year." sponsibility will say so officially, there seems 49,995 shares of stcok valued at $199,980. The Over the years, the bipartisan CSC has to be a belief here that U.S. leaders have related estate return reveals an assessment sought to encourage and recognize excel­ overreacted. o:f 17,000 shares valued at $68,000. No ex­ This view is reflected in Great Britain, planation was offered for this $131,980 dis­ lence in public service. Among the past where ministry officials, when interviewed a crepancy. recipients of the award have been Speak­ few days ago, spoke guardedly of "national 5. Central Region, Indianapolis District, ers ALBERT, McCormack, and Martin, considerations" that might make a broad 1974-AT&T stock valued at $125,000 was Representative THOMAS MoRGAN, and immunization campaign more desirable tn completely omitted from an estate return. President Gerald R. Ford. the United States than in the United King­ 6. Northeast Region, Hartford District, In my opinion, the club's selection of dom. 19'73-The personal effects of a successful BoB MICHEL as "Man of the Year" could The British government adopted a policy doctor who resided in an atuuent neighbor­ not have been more appropriate. As mi­ early in the spring of developing a triple­ hood were questionably valued at $500. threat vaccine against the Victoria and Hong Exa.mples of unresolved income tax issues nority leader, I have a special apprecia­ Kong strains as well as the swine type. Brit­ include: tion for BoB's talents and the profes­ ain is now producing in limited quantities 1. Western Region, Phoenix District, 1975- sionalism which he brings to his duties the "trivalent" vaccine for administration to Review revealed that the decedent in ques­ as whip. He is a great personal friend "high-risk" individuals-those with heart tion had failed to report capital gains on and a valued colleague. and lung disorders that might make them June 2, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16291 more than ordinarily susceptible to fiu virus. Chemical Association. a charter member Dr. These are estimated to number about 2 per alcoholism. The author of the article cent of Britain's population. of the Bankers Club, and member of the Judianne Densen Gerber, the founder of Dr. Charles Cockburn, chief of the com­ Cincinnati Club. the famous Odessey House which spe­ municable disease unit at the World Health A native of Cincinnati, Mr. Benet is a cialized in services to children advocates Organiza.tion said the Soviet Union had "de­ graduate of the College of Pharmacy, the establishment of a Cabinet level De­ cided to make large quantities (of swine fiu and a member of the Hamilton County partment for Children. I feel this pro­ vaccine) but keep it in reserve" until it 1s and Ohio State Pharmaceutical Associa­ posal has certain basic merits and I be­ needed, rather than immunizing the popula­ tions. Mr. Benet was responsible for es­ lieve she builds a strong case for it in this tion in the absence of a clear threat. tablishing the Benet Laboratory for article. I urge my colleagues to read this "Several other countries are doing what either the British or the Russians are doing,'' Tropical Therapy at the Cincinnati Col­ excellent article and as Dr. Gerber says Cockburn said. None 1s following the U.S. lege of Medicine. "begin to celebrate our country by cele­ course. In all aspects of Mr. Benet's life. he brating our children." Because the seasons are reversed between exemplifies the best of America, its cul­ The article follows: the northern and southern hemispheres, ex­ ture, education, and religion. I am happy PROTECT OUR GREATEST RESOURCE-KIDS perience with influenza beginning about now to join with his many friends in con­ (By Judia.nne Densen Gerber) in temperate-zone countries south of the gratulating Mr. Benet upon the award Join me in asking this question: equator has been awaited with great interest. of this Guardian of the Menorah and Disease-fighters reason that 1f swine fiu 1s Are all of America's children happy? Will going to hit the north temperate zone this wishing him continued strength in his they all be laughing at the nation's 20oth fall, it may well telegraph its punch six future endeavors. birthday party on July 4? months earlier in some such places as Here are a few statistics about our 66 mil­ Australia. lion youngsters under the age of 18, so you That is what happened a. year a.go when a can judge for yourself: Seventeen million new strain of fiu was detected in the Aus­ CHILDREN-THE GREAT AMERICAN children, one in four, live in poverty; 95% of tralian state of Victoria, whose capital 1s the RESOURCE WE CANNOT WASTE the nation's 1.7 m1llion mentally retarded large city of Melbourne. This A-Victoria children live in slums; 2.5 million children strain did big damage in the United States are in danger of lead poisoning, a major, but last year-more than 10,000 deaths over the HON. MARIO BIAGGI preventable, cause of retardation. number normally expected. OF NEW YORK A million children are at risk of bodily The Victoria fiu hit Britain proportionately harm from their parents, according to a 1975 even harder, causing about an equal number IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES report by the National Institute of Child of deaths in a country with one-fourth the Wednesday, June 2, 1976 Abuse and Neglect. Odyssey Institute believes population. Britons today are a lot more wor­ the number 1s more likely four m11Uon ex­ ried about a continuation of the Victoria flu Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, the May trapolating from conservative estimates that than about emergence of the swine variety. 23 edition of the New York Sunday News show only 1 to 10 cases 1s reported. contained a feature article discussing 60,000 SEVERELY BATTERED the present problems facing America's Here in New York 27,000 child-abuse cases children, and the need for this Nation to were reported last year, indicating that the IN RECOGNITION-HARRY BENET rededicate itself to providing a safe and true number may be as high as 270,000; New healthy future for all its children. York State reported 55,000, which more likely The article discusses some of the more means 550,000. Dr. C. Henry Kempe, a re­ HON. WILLIS D. GRADISON, JR. prevalent problems faced by America's nowned leader in the field, testified before OF OHIO children. One problem which is discussed Congress in 1973 that 60,000 children are IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES severely battered and abused every year. is the problem of child abuse and neglect. Another expert estimated last year that as Wednesday, June 2, 1976 I have long been concerned with the many as 5% of the nation's children are vic­ problems of child abuse and neglect and tims of incest, some as young as three. Mr. GRADISON. Mr. Speaker, on June was one of the primary sponsors of the A few more facts to think about while 10, the Cincinnati B'nai B'rith will pre­ Child Abuse and Neglect Prevention and planning your July 4 celebration: sent its most distL'lguished award, the Treatment Act, which represented the In 1975, 830,000 babies were born to teen­ B'nai B'rith Guardian of the Menorah first major Federal commitment to the agers, only a third of whom were married. to Harry Benet in recognition of the con­ reduction of this problem. I have cur­ Many of them care for their young without tributions which he has made to so many rently undertaken an investigation in any supervision. humanitarian endeavors. In 1973, a group of Callfornia researchers cooperation with the General Accounting concluded that 28% of America's teen-agers Harry Benet has served in almost every Office to insure that the millions of dol­ were problem drinkers. The West Coast fig­ area of civic and philanthropic endeavor. lars in Federal grants and contracts pro­ ures showed a. 38% Increase 1n drinking He served as director of Adath Israel vided under this act are fulfilling the in­ among 13-year-old boys and a 76% increase and is also a member of Rock­ tent of Congress with respect to reducing for girls of the same age. dale Temple. He has been active in B'nai the incidences of child abuse and neglect. This year has ushered in the second teen­ B'rith, Zionist Organization of America, Another area I have donated a great age epidemic of heroin and drug addiction, Big Brothers, Jewish National Fund, and deal of attention to has been the prob­ with victims frequently as young as fourth­ United Appeal. Mr. Benet has received lems associated with America's 450,000 graders. America is the only civilized Western many awards for his communal and phil­ nation that does not have automatic delivery foster children. I conducted congres­ of health care to its children under five. anthropic activities, some of which are sional hearings last summer to deter­ Pages more of statistics and facts could be Brandeis Unive:rsity Family Fund. Ha­ mine why so many foster children were presented, but one child in danger is one too dassah, Friends of Youth of Hillel, and kept in foster care far beyond what was many-and America has millions. It 1s time the Abba Award of Hillel. He received necessary, and in lieu of their being re­ we started creating happiness for some of the Herbert Lehman Award in recogni­ united with their natural parents or be­ these children too; for these mini-Americans tion of his contributions to Israel and ing referred for adoption. As a result of who cannot speak for themselves because of the community. these hearings I introduced H.R. 11185, the implediment of childhood and because He is the president of Benet Enter­ of their lack of voting and economic power. the Adoption Opportunities Act which is It 1s time to raise a hue and cry for c-on­ prises, a director of Cincinnati Economy designed to free more children for adop­ science and values, to demand that children Drug Co., and former director of Owen tion and lessen the incidences of chil­ be declared our nation's first priority, our Laboratories. dren being incarcerated in foster care. greatest national resource. To do it, our A member of the executive board of This bill currently enjoys the support of country must have a Cabinet post for the the Israel Bond Organization, Mr. Benet more than 30 of my colleagues in the concerns of children. has served on various committees of the House and I am hopeful that action can Such a post should have under it all the bond campaign. concerns of children and the family; health, be completed on this bill by the end of child development, education, nutrition, juv­ He served as chairman of the classi­ the year. enile justice and child labor, to name just a fication committee of the Rotary Club, The article discusses several other few. All services which impact on the child a former trustee of Cuvier Press Club, a major problems confronting the children should be in one coordinated and compre­ founder of the Cincinnati Drug and of America including drug abuse and hensive place. 16292 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 2, 1976 Such a post would strengthen the family, like to bring to your attention the ac­ "He's in here every day, just about," George reduce costs by ending duplication of serv­ complishments of Matt Peaco of Bridg­ Cooper reported. ices and see that the abuse and neglect of ton, Maine, who recently won the boys Matt came by his expertise the hard way­ our children is fully addressed. practice. The other members of his family junior singles of the world champion­ don't bowl much. The Fern Street family in­ PAY FOR ITSELF ships in candlepin bowling. cludes a sister, Eileen, and a brother, Ronnie. One abused child who came to autopsy last The ·perseverance, honesty, and old­ So Matt practices his strenuous and pre­ year in New York was known to 38 agencies, fashioned hard work that Matt has dem­ cise art alone. a costly wasteful professional abuse in which onstrated is worthy of the attention of "I bowl three to five strings a day," he said. no one assumed responsibility to prevent When asked which spares he enjoys shooting death. By instituting a comprehensive pro­ many of us older than Matt's 13 years. I have attached a clipping from the at.~he best, he says quickly: "The easy ones." gram for children on federal, state and local I can make most of them " Matt says levels, duplication will be eliminated and the Thursday, May 27, 1976, edition of the "It's fun, trying to see how high a string yo~ program would eventually pay for itself. Bridgton, Maine, News which recounts can get. But the most fun is competition Within one generation, under a Cabinet Matt's achievements: bowling against people." ' department we could expect to see a marked MATT PEACO Is WORLD JUNIOR BoY'S Matt averaged 119 in one competition. He decrease in the number of persons on the CANDLEPIN BOWLING CHAMP once bowled a 169 string, "a long time ago", welfare rolls, in jails and in mental hospitals. (By Mike Corrigan) he says. Matt's closing string in the State Even if it costs more in the short term, we Tourney was an absolutely out-of-sight 154. would save in dollars and lives in the long Br'dgton is a nice place to visit, judging George Cooper was right when he said Matt term-and we really have no future unless from the traffic, and a lot of people live there, rises to the occasion. we care about our future, our children. but it is not known as a breeding ground There will be more occasions to rise to in But, you might ask, don't we have people for World Champions. But the town has a th:e future. Matt will be 14 next year, and in the Department of Health, Education and World Champ now. ell?ible to enter the Senior Boys' Champion­ Welfare who are concerned with the needs of Matt Peaco started bowling when he was ships. children? three, hasn't stopped since, and now he's Whatever level he's on--or should be on­ HEW TOO BUREAUCRI\TIC 13. He could make the 3-10 split in his Matt Peaco will tell you that "bowling is just I can only share with you my gut-level sl ~ ep. He could make the 5 pin in a coma. fun." And he will cup that ball back onto response after working for ten years in the If he was dead, Matt could probably make his wrist, sidewind the ball down the alley field of delivery of care of the disadvantaged: the headpin. The kid's good. and knock down a few more pins. HEW is too big, too bureaucratic, too much Last Saturday night at Pilgrim Lanes in And those pins make a World Champion of a superagency to respond. We New Yorkers Haverhill, Mass., Matt Peaco was crowned clatter. Matt Peaco has another spare. have had enough experience with superagen­ Boys Junior Singles Winner of the World's cies to be fooled by their paper reports of Invitational Championships, candlepin bowl­ adequate performance. Each and every per­ ing variety. son in the street knows better than the Candlepin bowling, little balls and cylin­ agency head how much of every tax dollar d!'ical pins, is about as popular as cliff-diving BRETT TRACY IS VALEDICTORIAN reaches the citizt>n. in the hinterlands outside of New England, OF ALAMO IDGH SCHOOL To effect change in the way America treats but 48 bowlers from Maine, New Hampshire, its children requires a change in the grass­ Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and roots attitude that children are the property parts of Canada gathered for the "World" HON. ED JONES of their parents to do with what they will. Invitational last weekend. And Matt beat Children are not the property of their par­ them all, with a five-string total of 538. OF TENNESSEE ents; children are a sacred trust. When par­ George Cooper, the PondicheiTy Lanes IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ents do not respect that trust, the commu­ manager who has watched Matt practice day Wednesday, June 2, 1976 nity at large must step in to protect, to care after day, told how the sturdy youngster and to love--even if it means removing chil­ did it. . Mr. JONES of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, dren from their natural parents. "Matt fell behind in the middle of the last 1t was my pleasure during the past 2 I, as many other, fear the craa.tion of an­ game. He punched out the middle a couple months to have a bright, intelligent other bureaucracy, but I believe that if the of times. But he closed with two spares and young man serve this body as a floor Cabinet post emerges from the same grass­ a strike in the last three boxes. Talk about p-age. For all of those here who came in roots awareness and vigilance, then such rising to the occasion!" vigilance can and must watch the new secre­ Matt won by seven pins, over Ed Gosselin contact with him, I am sure that his tary to insure performance according to the from Bangor, the same lad Matt beat out cheerful and cooperative attitude was mandate of the p 3ople. for the State Championship recently. readily apparent. A very good friend of mine, a Pakistani "I like pressure," Matt explained. Th"" t young man, Brett Tracy of poet and pediatrician working in Baltimore, Matt says he's never nervous, but he will Alamo, Tenn., graduated from high confronted recently with the glaring facts of admit to being "a little worried" in Haverhill. school this year and did so with the child abuse in America, stated: "I fell behind in the middle of the fifth, then "There is no village in America that can highest distinction bestowed on graduat­ made a really tough spare (1-3-6-7-10) in the ing high school seniors. He was the match those in my country for abject eighth box. That got me going," Matt says. poverty, yet we dD not have a single case of valedictorian of Alamo High School's child abuse because there is always a neigh­ Matt's mother, Mrs. Stanley K. Thompson, class of 1976. In attaining the distinc­ bor to stop the unkind hand. The problem will tell you he 't THAT worried. She told Matt after his fourth game Saturday, tion of maintaining the highest grade with America is that you have a poverty of average in his class, Brett also was very community, a poverty of values, a poverty of that if he closed with a 100 score, he could caring, and that is what is destroying your probably finish second. active in the extracurricular activities great country." "I'm not after second," Matt said, just of high school. For example, ·1e was a Let us begin to celebrate our country by like the young hero in storybooks. He rolled standout athlete in football, basketball, celebrating our children. a dynamite 127 in the fifth game to win. and baseball, and ~.::o served as editor Nearly a dozen area residents, including of the Alamo High School yearbook. Cooper and the Thompsons, watched Matt's I would like to kke this opportunity to come-from-behind win. He bowled 111-90- 113-97-127 for his 538 total. insert into the L.ECORD a copy of the MA'IT PEACO spee ~h that Brett gave at his commence­ AC'HVITXES ment exercises. It shows, I think, ~ - real HON. DAVID F. EMERY Matt first picked up a bowling ball at depth of understanding about what high age three, cupped it back on his wrist, and school graduation is all about and ex­ OF MAINE rolled it down the lane in a manner reminis­ poses a sensitivity found in very few IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cent of Rick Barry shooting a foul shot. No more. Now, Matt picks up the ball, cups it 18-year-old graduates. Wednesday, June 2, 1976 back on his wrist and sidewinds the ball His maturity, intelligence, dedication, Mr. EMERY. Mr. Speaker, because down the lane at a terrific speed. When the and personality will serve him well, I am they will soon take our places and be­ ball meets the pins, it sounds like F. P. sure, in any endeavor which he cares to cause they must build the structure of Saunders Dowel Mill falling down. undertake. Matt is a shy, solid youngster, big for his The speech follows: the future on the foundation we lay, I age. He enjoys baseball, plays a little basket­ am sure my colleagues are as interested ball, and has the typical 13-year-old's cava­ SPEECH OF WILLIAM BRETT TRACY, 1976 .ALAMO as I am in the accomplishments of the lier disdain for school. HIGH SCHOOL VALEDICTORIAN youth of our country. Matt plans to play Pony League baseball Good Evening Parents, Faculty, Guests and Although we have many, many fine and bowl this summer. Of course, he always Classmates: Tonight is the night-Gradua­ young women and men in Maine, I would plans to bowl, summer, winter, spring or fall. tion Night. The graduation for this Class of June 2, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16293 '76 now. It has seemed so far away for so The term decision has become an outcrop­ obedient, you shall eat the good of the land; long, but now, this is it. ping in most of the graduating class' minds. but if you refuse and rebel, you shall be de­ This is a most important night to me and Probably most of us have made decisions voured by the sword." probably for each member of this class. For since December that were more serious than His kids say it was simply an apt reminder some, this night might well be the only ever before. Our complex society demands for a post-Watergate public official to stay graduation in a lifetime; to others, this wise decisions in the effort of s"Lrrvival and clean and obey the rules. But for Bill Cole­ could be the first of several graduations. well-being. No longer are our decisions lim­ man, whose life has been consumed with Who knows? Only time can yield such an ited to what we wear to school tomorrow, shooting for the best, hitting the out-of-the­ answer. As the old adage goes, "Only time who to call about homework; etc. These were park homers with the bases loaded and the will tell." once real decisions for us, but now we have bleachers cheering, it was more than appro­ Beginning tonight, our life styles and lat­ outgrown these and find ourselves having priate. tice will begin to take on a different or "new several good options as to choice of schools, Make your contribution, utilize your tal­ look." True-some probably more swiftly scholarships, jobs and vocations. This is what ents in a variety of fields, build a national than others. Our "new look" will shine out­ decision has come to mean to us as seniors. reputation, do it all effectively, generously side the walls and boundaries of Alamo High It is not simply what we want to do anymore; and without a whimper. That's Bill Coleman. School, but for most of us, a great deal of it is what is best related to desires concerning "I don't care if you want to be a bum, as our foundation on which we build our "new our future. So often good or wise decisions long as you're a first-class bum," Coleman look" began right here within Alamo High hurt us for a while, but we must think in once told one of his three children. For two with the guidance and leadership of our terms of what is best under the specific long generat ions Colemans have been conditioned faculty and friends. The school, and its range circumstances. with words like "excell" and "first-class." infiuence, along with the home, and its in­ Members of this class will be making de­ And the verbal advice was minimized be­ fiuence, form our very basic foundation just cisions relating to the development of their cause examples of excellence were all around. as the carbon chain in an organic molecule theories, philosophies, and deeds that may The senior Colemans, loving and assertive forms the skeleton of that substance. never hit the pages of any history book. But parents, knew people like pioneer black Tonight as we dressed in our caps and whatever we do, we will have been another sociologist and thinker William E. B. DuBois, gowns to walk down the halls the last time chapter in the history of Alamo High School. attorney Charles Huston and Elihu Root. th.e as Alamo High School students, I wondered We are proud tonight to be a part of the Secretary of State who was also active in the if we would ever be together again 100 per­ '76 Bicentennial History of this school. We Boys Club movement like Coleman Sr. In his cent. I noticed, as we prepared :for this wish to pay tribute to our parents, our teach­ 20s Coleman entered the Harvard circle with event, that some of the class seemed sad­ ers, and our advisors, as well as our friends classmates Elliot Richardson and William dened, sentimental, and had red, damp for their role in our capacities in decision Bundy and then with Richardson was a clerk eyes-That's okay, and in order, I think. making. We sincerely aim to make you proud for Supreme Court Justice Felix Frankfurter. Many of us leave with good memories. The of us as we make otrr exit from this chapter You had to keep up. less memorable and harder times become of Alamo High School and as we strive to find So early on Coleman, 55, developed his own faded and unimportant now as we recall and keep our place in God's Master Plan of set of rules, playing the game of achievement days and events in high school. Memories Life. brilliantly and shrewdly. Show that your in­ are great, but we cannot survive on mem­ Tonight--on our graduation night, which terests are grounded in a love for your own ories alone-we must push on. might well be our very last night to be all people but show, too, that those are not your Some class members, while dressing to­ together, I say to each of my classmates­ exclusive concerns. Adapt almost flawless night, seemed outwardly happy, joyous, full "! sincerely wish you well." legal procedm·es for everything and stay away of laughter and eager to celebrate. That's Thank you. from full-time public jobs until the time is okay too, I believe. Some people show more right. Being a top dog in the private sector enthusiasm toward beginning their active brings power, money and a little mystique. role in our society. "In the private sector you learn who can cut Other class members, as they dressed to­ SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION the mustard," says Coleman. Too many pub­ night, were rather quiet and calm-showing WILLIAM THADDEUS COLEMAN, lic jobs make you a target. neither happiness nor sadness. I wondered JR. Coleman was barely 30 and an advocate of if they were thinking thoughts like mine. Frankfurter's example of total personal im­ I wondered if they had mixed feelings about mersion in every detail when he joined the leaving our familiar and rather stable habi­ legal team working on the Brown vs. tihe tat and seeking another. I wondered who HON. ANDREW YOUNG Board of Education case. He volunteered to else here was thinking about what happens OF GEORGIA coordinate the research in the 37 states, even to us after tonight--after graduation. What IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES getting a segregationist lawyer to help, and, about tomorrow? next week? next month? as the attorneys sat arounc.l. Coleman debated this summer? this fall? What are our plans? Wednesday, June 2, 1976 strategies harder than anyone else. "Not be­ Do we even have plans? What should we ex­ Mr. YOUNG of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, cause of a difference in philosophy but to pect of ourselves? What should we expect the unique character and professional deduce the best reasons from everyone," says from the world about us? How are we going one of the lawyers who contributed to the to react and respond to what life offers out­ abilities of Secretary Coleman have been landmark school desegregation case. side the walls and halls of Alamo High and brilliantly outlined in a recent article When his children angered him Coleman our homes? Can we make it? Are we ready in the Washington Post by reporter, held court around their Philadelphia dining to think and plan for ourselves? Are we Jacqueline Trescott. room, with a portrait of Frankfurter smiling ready to work toward further training, edu­ Bill Coleman is a man who exemplifies down on the proceedings. They had a choice cation, or jobs? Are we prepared to make excellence in whatever he does. He makes of punishment, corporal or time, and the wise decisions as to worldly things such as key and instrumental decisions such as biggest challenge was "not to cry because political policies, social problems, religious Daddy had just gone through this very cool responsibilities, and financial matters? the Concorde landings with an unflinch­ and efficient procedure." To this day the Not just tonight have these things and ing sense of duty. And he speaks out as family has vigorous debates with Coleman, many similar things clicked through my he did before Attorney General Levi who "often takes the outrageous view, only mind. This began last fall as the senior year when he discerns attempts to circum­ to see if our thinking process is sharp." began. By December and January, I realized scribe the law of the land as with pro­ So when Coleman assembled both sides of the time for decisions about future plans posed curbing of busing as a means to the SST Concorde controversy for a formal was pressing. It is hard to know or decide educational equality. open debate in January, a move Henry Kis­ about the unknown-We often think we singer called "an act of genius," Coleman know what we want to do, but how can I admire Bill Coleman's integrity and was merely operating normally. He was vis­ we be sure if we have never done these quiet determination to ~ccomplish "good ible, asked the questions, listened carefully, things before? True, most of these questions works." I hope that my colleagues will wrote the brief personally, an exercise that and ifs going through our minds cannot be read this fine article about our Secre­ helped llim reach his decision that the super­ answered by our families or faculty no tary of Transportation: sonic plane be given a 16-month trial period matter how much they care or what they AN UNFLINCHING CAREER OF BEING FIRST AND now scheduled to begin Monday at Dulles want to answer for us. These are our No. 1 Airport, barring last-minute Supreme Court duties-our work is cut out for us. We have action. to "keep together what we already have­ (By Jacqueline Trescott) "I don't look at any of my decisions as Seek to add to it and make our own way." For the swearing-ill ceremony of William tough. Some of them are more interesting. We must believe in ourselves and our Thaddeus Coleman Jr. as the fourth Secre­ Some more challenging when you have to teachings in order to think and try to plan tary of Transportation, his children opened decide what's proper and those decisions our future. When pressing decisions pertain­ the family Bible to the verse they thought often don't command public attention. But ing to further education had to be made, best described their father. They hit the nail people are paying me to make decisions," says I once thought I was afraid because I might on. the head. Coleman. His speech carries a judicial gravity, make the wrong decision, but now I do not In Isaiah, Chapter One, is the well-known always with a perfectly paced nasal twang think of it as fear. I think of it as concern passage, "Come now, let us reason together, that's at once Philadelphia and Harvard. for the future and my role in it. says the Lord . . . if you are willing and Below his champagne-carpeted office on the 16294 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 2, 1976 10th floor of Transportation stretches a him look older and therefore more acceptable And he's popular, partly because his so­ Roma.re Bearden collage of the job's symbols: to his clients. phistication and unshakeable self-confidence cars soaring along the freeway, boats an­ Very few attorneys who dream of sitting have led to a loose and often self-deprecating chored peacefully in the Washington Chan­ on the Supreme Court, like Bill Coleman, a.re humor. nel, Metro construction and potholes and the mavericks. He has always lived within 15 One evening after leaving a dinner at the fleeting, cotton jet streams over National Air­ blocks of where he was born in the German­ Mayflower Hotel Coleman told a friend he port. ''Yes, but the I-66 veto, the Concorde town section of Philadelphia. "Once you join would walk the four blocks back to the Madi­ and the highway program . . ." he continues, a political party I believe you should stay son Hotel. where he stayed right after his listing and savoring the controversial deci­ with it," is his explanation for not changing appointment. The friend said, ''But Bill we sions. The controlled smile does not hide the his Republican registration since 1944. When don't want a Cabinet member being mugged," glint of exhilaration 1n his eyes. his wife and two children converted to the and Coleman replied, "I don't have anything One of the reasons Coleman says he took Society of Friends in the early '60s, Coleman to worry about, I'm one of them." this job, after bragging of turning down of­ remained an Episcopalian, though he attends Spunky, sophisticated and nervy. Once he fers like Assistant Secretary of State in the the Quaker meetings frequently. He always made a polite joke while arguing a case be­ '50s, an appellate judgeship from Lyndon takes his family to Woodstock, Vt., for sum­ fore the Supreme Court, something almost Johnson, and more recently the Watergate mers, an idyllic community reminiscent of unheard of. But then it runs in the family. Special Prosecutor post, is "because this his father's summer camp where Coleman Laura Coleman, his 83-year-old mother, country has been so good to me." was a counselor. tugged President Ford's sleeve after the Indeed it has. He has been where few In his life there has been little dramatic swearing-in and said "Thank you for all the blacks and not that many whites have been. change and few surprises. He once told a nice things you said about my son but I have Head of the Harvard Law School Class of '43. young lawyer in his firm, "The ma.rk of a two other children who are just as nice and At 26 the first black law clerk at the Supreme good attorney is often what he does not I'd like you to meet them," thereby throw­ Court. The first black in major New York and say. Consider very carefully our words-they ing off the protocol of the entire ceremony. Philadelphia law firms. An attorney who may lead you into other areas you may not The cobblestone stl·eets of historic German­ made $250,000 a year and built a nice port­ anticipate." town were never as much of a playground folio of mM, Xerox, Pan-Am, Walt Disney But he changed his mind about full­ for young Coleman as the courts. "I really Productions and Philadelphia Electric Co. time public service (his bio lists four inches don't know why" Coleman says now but at stocks. The second black in the Cabinet. of part-time public service including the age 10 he had decided to be a lawyer and His friends will tell you that he's never counsel for Warren Commission, co-chair­ asked his father if he could go with him to been a token, a black selected solely for his man of the White House Civil Rights Con­ the courts. The Coleman children were raised color, and that's partly because you don't ference and the United Nations alternate in an integrated neighborhood by parents, think of today's Bill Coleman as really black delegate) ) when Ford offered him four Cabi­ both college graduates, who provided a com­ or white. And given the accepted diversity net positions. fortable, intellectually-stimulating and re­ of black America today it probably doesn't "A large part was Watergate," Coleman ligious home. "Bill was always outstanding, matter that a Cabinet member is a black says. "It was a difilcult experience for the so outstanding that Daddy wouldn't sign Republican conservative who has to worry country and I felt people who had never our report cards some times. We all had to about noise pollution. been fully involved should try." In the true do our best,'' recalls Coleman's older sister, In his swearing-in President Ford didn't Coleman form of not saying too much, he's Emma, a school teacher in Atlantic City. His even mention Coleman's race and Coleman saying that he was the kind of person to younger brother Robert, 1s an engineer for liked that. He's a man who might say, "I'm restore confidence in the government. Yes, the railroad car ·fl.rm, the Budd Company. the Secretary for all the people." When it's hC:s pompous and "once in a whlle you have Though Coleman was prevented from join­ mentioned that he was the first black board to remind him that he's human," says a ing the Germantown mgh School swim team member of Pan American Airways, he snaps: good friend, Louis Pollack, dean of the Uni­ because the local YMCA didn't allow blacks "I really don't think this 'first black' this versity of Pennsylvania Law School and in the pool, he "had enough confidence in and that is relevant. I'm trying to make a former dean of the Yale Law School. himself to pass over those things,'' says his reputation in this town that's not based on There are some people who feel that Cole­ sister and he finished at the top of the class. color." man is not only stuffy but an elitist and He finished the University of Pennsylvania Swirling around him now are accusations an opportunist. Sometimes he does seem (where he was on the track team) and Har­ that he hasn't been bold enough about im­ behind the times. In a recent interview, for vard Law, where he was on the La.w Review, proving minority employment at DOT example, he referred to fighter Muhammad at the head of the class. World War II inter­ though the percentages have improved in his All as "Cassius Clay" without so much as a rupted his law studies and Coleman served in 14 months. People still point out that after blink. He's very impatient with people who the Air Corps earning his fighter's wings and Coleman joined his prestigious Philadelphia aren't as smart as he is but also, because he also winning ·1 7 out of 18 court martial cases law firm in 19Ii2 another black (a man who is likes to argue, he doesnt want a cadre of he handled. partly Jewish) wasn't hired until 1967. yes men around him. "Coleman has a precise At Harvard, where he 1s remembered not I! Coleman has relished the King of the notion of where the power lies, who he has only as a brilliant student but also a "reg­ Mountain role he has done an impressive to please. He's one of those politicians who ular" by classmates, Coleman decided, '"we job of balancing his civil rights and corporate can put the person inside them aside and could only end the racial segregation by the work. Besides his work on the Brown case, utilize their own talents at image-making. legal process. I also thought it would only Coleman won the challenge to the constitu­ He is vindictive and people fear him because work if you fashioned your arguments with tionality of a Florida law prohibiting inter­ he's well-connected P.nd well-respected," says those that didn't have a racial foundation." racial marriage, won the case that integrated Along with the self-imposed principle of a lawyer. Though his children adore him mastering all the law came the philosophies Girard. Oollege, a Philadelphia private orphan they admit that his total absorption in his of Justice Frankfurter who told his young institution, and, in the 1960s, defended Free­ job, the seven-day-a-week schedule, often clerks, Coleman and Richardson, "be as near dom Riders and sit-in demonstrators. left them short-changed. And the only time his famlly remembers Michelangelo as you can." Frankfurter read Since last year Coleman has learned to five newspapers a day, chatted dally wlth him being despondent 1s when Coleman lost enjoy the Washington scene. Lovida Cole­ the RJchmond Schools case in the Supreme people like Dean Acheson and applied him­ man, the New Orleans history student he self tirelessly to his Court work. The two court by a 4-4 decision three years ago. met at Radcll1fe College and married during He doesn't bring these accomplishments clerks read Pushkln, Auden and Shakespeare World War II, usually attends only the of­ in the morning, and now, NAACP attorney up in conversations, his friends hurriedly ficial functions and her husband shields her point out. but they say that when they are Jack Greenberg, one of Coleman's closest from interviews. "That's why I never liked friends marvels at "the way Bill can pull mentioned Coleman 1s pleased. politicians because they bring their wives Now, despite Coleman's conservative look, analogies in po~. literature, philosophy into the public" he says crisply. When they and political science out of the air. He's gen­ his roly form pressed into gray and bue three­ first moved here they lived in the McLean piece suits from his London tallor and the uinely learned but not ostentatious." home ot Elliot Richardson and now the Cole­ Despite the prestige of a Supreme Court TUfany touch of a gold watch cha.in, Bill mans rent another house in the same exclu­ Coleman 1s not a stick in the mud. clerkship (in 1948-49), Coleman was not sive section. protected. from the racism of the Washington The word in hls omce 1s Informal. Every­ When he is home, and his worsted vest of that time and when he returned to Phtl­ one has been tGld to call him Bill Coleman, is finally unbuttoned, Coleman reads his­ adelphia he was unable to find a job ln its not Mr. Secretary. A few old friends call him torical and biographical novels-Gore Vidal's closed and bigoted world. "Bumps,.. but he will not explain why. He "Burr," a recent one about Lafayette's wife­ Finally he commuted dally to New York answers h1s phone on Saturdays, leaves the and watches sports. He's a Dodgers fan. He where he worked for three years with Paul, door opened and his pictures of Ford, Lyndon used to be a good tennis player. And he loves Weiss, Rl!klnd, Whal"ton and Garrison. In Johnson, Nelson Rockefeller and the Cole­ to eat. He enjoys the Sans Souci as much that Wall Street 01fice a balance between man children are ca.n.di.ds. tor its chocolate mousse as its social scene. corporate and public service law was stressed It's obVious that he's always been con­ The day after the Concorde announcement, and Coleman continued the practice when he cerned about his Image. Right after World Coleman puttered around hls omce wonder­ .Joined Philadelphia's prestigious firm of Dil­ War II Coleman began to put on weight and ing who to take to lunch there. He knew he worth, Paxton, Kall.sh and Levy. In 1956 Cole­ he didn't mtnd because he thought it made would be in the limelight. man was made a fun partner in the firm. For June 2, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16295 10 years he was special counsel to the Cit y nually without losing all benefits, includ­ ch allenging or rewarding than that which of Philadelphia for Transit matters, building ing medicare coverage. This is a risk that was done before the onset of disability. his expertise in transportation law. many of the handicapped cannot afford Congress has recognized that a problem "Bill Coleman is a fellow that goes deep to take. exists. The Committee Staff Report on the into whatever the situation calls for. Things Disability Insurance Program, released in by him don't come easily," says Ned LeDonne, One of my constituents, Mr. Elden H. September, 1974, for the Committee on Ways a transportation union leader in Philadel­ Wise, who is himself handicapped, has and Means, points out that it is an "all or phia who often sat on the other side of the written a thought-provoking article ad­ nothing" plan. It cites as an example of an negotiation table from Coleman. "You gotta dressing this particular problem. I rec­ issue which has not been dealt with " . . . show him a reason. He's very cool and I've t he amount of earnings an individual can never see him do anything that would dis­ ommend this article to my colleagues in credit him." the House and hope that they will join have and still retain disability benefits." The By his example more than his words Bill me in trying to eliminate this work dis­ report continues, "The current figure appears Coleman set up a standard of achievement, incentive to the handicapped: to constitute a major inhibiting factor to work and rehabilitaion. Moreover, this work vigor, independence and concern for his SOCIAL SECURITY-THE PARADOXICAL LAW kids. One day, realizing the isolation of their d isincentive has been intenslfi.ed by the (By Elden H. Wise) major social security benefit increases in re­ private school education, Coleman put the cen t years." whole family in the car and drove from their Since the Social Security Act was passed in block where they were the only black family 1935 an increasing number of our social wel­ Although our government has recognized across town to the slums of North Philadel­ fare programs have been taken over by the a basic problem, it has not assembled the phia. "I was appalled and he meant for us federal government. These have been placed data necessary to arrive at a logical answer, to be appalled," recalls Lovida, 27, now a under the jurisdiction of the Social Security and few have suggested any reasonable solu­ law clerk for a New York judge. "We had Administration, which has control over a tions. In the absence of such data, I submit always lived the struggle. There were threat­ significant portion of our national budget. As that changes in the Act, mandating revision ening phone calls whenever he was involved it currently exists, the Social Security Act is in the regulations defining SGA and the in a civil rights case." a paradox. It gives and it takes, provides both elimination of more than one waiting period Some of his teachings, especially inde­ security and insecurity, and allows and re­ for Medicare, would remove the legislative pendent thinking, backfired in the '60s. st ricts. barrier currently preventing many disabled Lovida, who attended Radcliffe College for With increasing frequency we read fore­ persons from attempting meaningful em­ two years, was the only child who went to casts of the ultimate bankruptcy of the in­ ployment. The net result would be the sav­ Harvard, something he wanted very badly, surance sections of the Act unless there are ings of billions of dollars by reducing the and the two lawyers, William III and Lovida, major tax increases in addition to those al­ amount paid under SSDI and combining both attended Yale Law School. "It would ready scheduled, reductions in future in­ it with a reduction in future expenses which have been an enormous psychological pres­ creases in benefits, or a combination of will become necessary for those who are sure being his son at Harvard. And he did both. This potential problem has been now unable to achieve financial independ­ not encourage me in my choice of Williams intensified by the combined effects of ence. Since earnings would be subject to College," says Billy Coleman, 29, an antitrust inflation and recession and has accelerated both income taxes and Social Security with­ lawyer in Philadelphia. Hardy Coleman, 24, the search for acceptable solutions. holding the present SSDI beneficiary would his youngest, is a teacher in Philadelphia. Most of our citizens consider Social Secu­ become a contributor to rather than a recip­ Next Coleman, whose life had been de­ rity the keystone of their retirement income ient of our social welfare system. voted to change through the legal process, and the source of Medicare insurance. Those We must realize that those who would was confronted by kids who were activists on \vith physical disabilities benefit from the directly benefit from a meaningful change campus and doves on the Vietnam War. Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) are already under SSDI and receiving month "When Billy was involved in the take-over of program, and the necessity of Unemployment are already under SSDI and receiving the administration building at Williams, Dad Insurance can't be argued. All are parts of monthly checks. Those most affected by the was caught between fearing for our safety the Act for which we pay during our years of limitations of the Act are those who have and not recognizing the value of direct employment, and no one wants to lose the worked many years, have both family and action. It took some time for him to come security provided. The investment by each of financial responsibilities, and are entitled around. But we finally won him on that and us is too great yet, unless changes are made, to maximum benefits under the SSDI pro­ the war," says Lovida. the danger is very real. gram. For example, a person injured five "The old man will never admit you've . One obvious area for constructive change years ago who, because of his earnings and changed his mind. He takes a position that 1s the SSDI program. Current regulations in­ the size of his family, is eligible for maxi­ seems impenetrable and then a week later clude unreasonable earnings restrictions that mum benefits, would receive in excess of you will hear him adopting your position. prevent many who could become self­ $7,000 each year in addition to Medicare We never knew on the Concorde and at sufficient, tax-paying citizens from doing so. coverage. Compare that with the SGA limit Christmas, Hardy and I had argued violently Let's examine the problem and explore of $2,400! against it. The only time he admitted we some possible solutions. Given a choice, most disabled persons were right was when we argued about the An individual who has been privileged to would rather work toward financial inde­ value of black stuides. He said the general work the required period of time and then pendence. The psychological advantage to liberal arts taught you to think, then you the individual is most important in rela­ could specialize. I said a balck studies course becomes disabled to the extent he is unable to engage in "substantial gainful activity'' tionships with spouse, children, and neigh­ would teach the same thinking process. That bors. Working to the extent allowed by the was the only time we got him." (SGA) for at least 12 months is eligible for SSDI benefits after the necessary waiting disability would restore the individual's self­ period. When benefits have been received for image and enhance his dignity. two consecutive years Medicare insurance is Perhaps the following will point toward included. an equitable solution: SOCIAL SECURITY-THE One part of the problem is in the restric­ 1. Disabled persons should be allowed to tive definition of "substantial gainful ac­ earn an amount equal to senior citizens. PARADOXICAL LAW tivity"; another centers on the repetitive Current regulations allow a retired person two-year waiting period for Medicare. Those (65 or older) to earn up to $230 per month who losse their SSDI benefits because they after which benefits are reduced $1 for each HON. ANDREW MAGUIRE engage in SGA but cannot continue working $2 earned. 2. An individual engaged in self-employ­ OF NEW JERSEY for health reasons must wait another two years before Medicare is again afforded. It is ment should not be limited by the number IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES important to understand that most disabled of hours he is allowed to work, but he should Wednesday, June 2, 1976 persons cannot buy adequate health insur­ be granted the same incentive suggested ance. To them, Medicare is vital! above based on net profit earned. Mr. MAGUIRE. Mr. Speaker, none of 3. If the two-year waiting time for Medi­ According to work done, an individual may care is necessary, it should not be required us in the House of Representatives wants be considered engaged in SGA if he earns be­ each time an SSDA beneficiary attempts to hinder the handicapped in their ef­ tween $140 and $200 in a month. If a job is forts to become productive members of meaningful work. The current requirement, unavailable or self-employment (the only of itself, is the most effective in preventing society. However, because of the unrea­ option available to many severely disabled a return to a productive life. sonable earnings restrictions that exist persons) is desired, work is allowed for 15 to 4. Medicare benefits should be constantly in the present social security disability 45 hours per month, again depending on available to all who medically qualify for insurance program, we are doing pre­ the kind of work attempted. Should a deter­ SSDI. This would open many employment cisely that. Under the "substantial gain­ mination of SGA be made all benefits are ter­ opportunities for severely disabled persons ful activity" provision of the program, a minated, including Medicare and regardless as their potential health care needs would of the physical condition of the individual. not be considered a threat to a prospective handicapped individual attempting to The regulations defining SGA specify that employer's employee benefit program. become an active member of the labor there should be no consideration given as to No person should be deprived of the right force can earn no more than $2,400 an- whether the employment is more or less to work, but because of an archaic regulation, 16296 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 2, 1976 many who could beoome contributing citi­ ance of the economy 1s in large pare; attrib­ Since the target was reached in 1966 and zens are deprived of their constitutional utable to deficiencies in national economic surpassed in 1968-69, there is little question right to "life, liberty, and the pursuit of policy. It creates new bodies and procedures of the feasibility of the target in one year or happiness." In addition, the able-bodied tax­ for formulating economic policy to avoid transitory period. In fact, the target could pa.yer is being cheated in two ways. The in­ these shortcomings in the future. Second, the be reached in much less than the four years surance benefits of the Social Security Act Act establishes a clear numerical goal for em­ permitted by the Act. The substantive ques­ are in jeopardy partly because payments ployment policy: Unemployment is not to ex­ tion is the ability of the economy to sustain could be reduced or eliminated by a gradu­ ceed 3 percent within the adult labor force. such tight labor markets year after year. ated earning allowance and because a poten­ Polley makers at'e to achieve this goal The great majority of economists would agree tially productive part of our work force is through aggregate monetary and fiscal pol­ that exceptionally tight markets cause wages denied the opportunity to contribute to our icy, and through supplementary manpower t o rise faster than they would otherwise. economy and pay their share of taxes. and related programs. I support many of the The logic of this view is quite persuasiye­ Two identical bllls introduced in the House reforms embodied in the Act for improving tight markets mean that employers bid of Representatives during 1975 and referred the performance of federal economic policy. against each other for scarce labor, and to the Committee on Ways and Means could, In this appraisal, however, I shall concentrate workers are able to select the best paying if enacted into law, solve the problem cre­ on the second premise, which bears on issues job from a wider set of alternatives. The view ated by the earnings limitations. H.R. 3032 of primary professional concern to me. has been sustained in countless research was sponsored by Mrs. Patsy T. Mink With present structure of the labor market, studies using a great variety of data on (Hawa.U), and H.R. 3634 by Hamilton Fish, and with present knowledge about the po­ wages. Among economists, many supporters Jr. (N.Y.). Under the current Act, Section tential impact of structural reforms wlt1lln of the Full Employment and Balanced 223(d) (4) requires the Secretary of Health, the power of the federal government. the Growth Act would concede the lnfiationary Education, and Welfare to set regulations de­ unemployment target of the Full Employ­ implications of the unemployxnent target, fining substantial gainful activity. These ment and Balanced Growth Act is unrealis­ but would argue that the inflation could be bills stipulate that the earnings standard for t ically low. Unemployment rates in the range tolerated or offset by other policies. However, an SSDI beneficiary be no less than that set of 3 percent among adults, or 3.8 percent of another influential body of opinion holds the total labor force, are definitely not perma­ by the Act for recipients of retirement and that an unemployment target of under 4 per­ survivor benefits. While neither addresses the nently sustainable, though they can be achieved for brief periods. In the past 20 cent is not just infia.tiona.ry but is unsustain­ problem of Medicare, both are major steps able for more than a. few years. According to in the right direction and deserve support years, the adult unemployment rate has reached 3 percent only in the three peak this view, wage inflation would worsen every to solve one aspect of the problem. An successive year that monetary and fiscal amendment of the existing bills or a new bill years, 1966, 1968, and 1969. The exceptionally tight labor markets of those years touched policy achieved the target, and sooner or changing the wording of Section 1811 of the later no further expansion would be adequate Act would attack both aspects of the prob­ off a burst of wage inflation whose effects are still being felt today. Recognizing that to maintain such tight conditions in the lem. To indicate your support of these meas­ labor market. Adherents of this view point to ures and to suggest consideration of the expansionary monetary and fiscal policies cannot by themselves sustain the low unem­ the experience in the late sixties, when four Medicare problem, contact your Congress­ years of unemployment near or below the man. ployment target, the Act also provides for structural manpower policies to make the target level apparently provided wage lnfia­ target feasible in the longer run. In my tion with a momentum that carried it opinion, the Act substantially exaggerates through the early seventies even in the face H.R. 50 AND INFLATION: PART ll­ the potential contribution of these programs, of significantly higher unemployment in 1970 PROFESSOR HALL OF MIT SAYS any may serve to discredit the genuine small­ and later. Those economist who believe that WATCH OUT FOR WAGE INFLA­ er contributions of such programs under 4 to 5 percent unemployment is sustainable TION more realistic goals. will concede that the momentum of wage At the present time, I believe it is unwise infia.tion cumulates during periods of unem­ to adopt a single permanent target unem­ ployment much below that level. HON. MARVIN L. ESCH ployment rate. Certainly the target for the Estimates of the unemployment rate be­ OF :MICHIGAN next two years ought to be well below the low which wage inflation begins to develop IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES present high level. But I believe that a tar­ momentum differ somewhat, but none to my get as low as the 3 percent in the Full Em­ knowledge that include the period 1966-1973 Wednesday, June 2, 1976 ployment and Balanced Growth Act would suggests that it is much below 5 percent or Mr. ESCH. Mr. Speaker, during delib­ raise false expectations about the perform­ much above 6 percent. A reasonable single ance of the U.S. economy. The disappoint­ estimate is 5.8 percent, or 5 percent of adults, eration before our Education and Labor ment of these expectations would only add to though it should be recognized that there Committee considerable concern was ex­ the prevailing mood of skepticism about gov­ is a good deal of uncertainty about its pre­ pressed by Prof. Robert Hall, a noted ernment policies in general, and about the cise value and that it has grown over time economist from the Massachusetts In­ conduct of economic policy in particular. in the past ten years. The growth was at­ stitute of Technology, who feared that ISSUES IN DETERlllUNING THE TARGET tributa.ble to shifts in the composition of H.R. 50 would lead to another round in UNEMPLOYMENT RATE the labor force toward groups with higher wage inflation. Dr. Hall also pointed out One of the most striking features of the unemployment rates (mainly the young) and his concern that the bill would neces­ Full Employment and Balanced Growth Act perhaps to certain trends in the structure sitate between 4 and 8 million public is its establishment of a specific numerical of employment and levels of unemployment service jobs--at a cost of between $40 and target for the unemployment rate-unem­ benefits. Estimates also differ for the rat e at $80 billion between one-half and three­ ployment is not to exceed 3 percent among which wage in1lation accelerates wh en the adult members of the labor force. The llmi­ unemployment rate is pushed below the sus­ fourths of which would be inflationary. tation to adults has escaped general atten­ tainable level, but a reasonable estimate Dr. Hall's testimony, in and of itself, tion, and the Act is usually thought to man­ seems to be one-half percentage point of is lucid testimony against the "pie in date a target of 3 percent of the total labor additional wage inflation for each full year the sky" approach taken by H.R. 50. force. The implied target for the total un­ during which the unemploym ent rate is I include his testimony for the edifica­ employment rate is in fact closer to 4 per­ held a percentage point below the sustain­ tion of the Members of the House: cent, as the following data reveal: able level. As a rough illust ration of the AN ECONOli/IIC APPRMSAL OF THE FuLL EMPLOY­ workin g of this process, consider the follow­ (In percent) li/IENT AND BALANCED GROWTH ACT OF 1976 ing example: Wage inflation in 1976 appar­ (By Robert E. Hall) ently will be about 8 percent. If the econ­ Unemployment rate omy achieved the goal of t h e Full Employ­ I am grateful for the opportunity to pre­ ment and B!Ua.nced Growth Act in 1977 and sent an appraisal of the Full Employment and Year Adult Total subseq,uent years, wage inflation would be 9 Balanced Growth Act. Since the U.S. economy percent in 1977, 10 percent in 1978, 11 per­ is still operating far below its potential, there 3.8 4. 5 is no question about the central importance 19661965 ______- ----____- ______------___- ---__ - cent 1n 1979, and 12 percent in 1980. These 3.0 3.8 projections do not include the extra inflation today of the problems that the Act proposes 19681967------______-_------______3.1 3. 8 to solve. Any improvements 1n federal eco­ 2.8 3.6 that might accompany such a large discon­ nomic policy-making that wlll help prevent 1969---1970 ___ _-----_ _- --__------_ ____ 2. 8 3. 5 tinuous drop in the unemployment rate. The 4.1 4. 9 Act permits a much slower movement toward the repetition of the devastating economic 1971 ______5.1 5.9 experience of the past two years will be wel­ 1972 ______4.7 5.6 the target, 1n recognition of these adjust­ comed by every citizen of the United States. 1973_------4.0 4. 9 ment costs. These projections are roughly 1974_------4. 7 5.6 consistent with what happened in 1966-69. The Full Employment and Balanced. 1975 ______7. 8 8.5 Growth Act rests on two basic premises about Extrapolation beyond four years is danger­ the American economy and the role of federal ous, because there has been no comparable policy-makers within it. First, the Act de­ The Act requires that labor market condi­ hist orical experience of very tight labor mar­ clares that the recent unfavorable perform- tions like those of 1966 be made permanent. kets fer m ore t h an four years. June 2, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16297 The weight of the evidence suggests that tion is one-every public job reduces sus­ the attempt to achieve the unattainable may the adoption of the Act's unemployment tainable unemployment by one individual. bring an accelerating inflation and an even­ target and its achievement with expansionary Then the Act's target could be achieved by tual reaction against such expansionary pol­ monetary and fiscal policy alone would com­ creating two million public and nonprofit icies. possibly terminating in deep recession. mit the United States to continuing high jobs. The other extreme view holds that At this stage, the country would be better rates of wage inflation, inflation that would public demand for workers 1s just as infla­ served by a more judicious expansionary worsen progressively. The Act relies on two tionary as demand from any source, and as­ policy. additional types of policies to protect the serts that the fraction is zero. Under this economy against this inflation: Measures view, no public employment program of any UNEMPLOYMENT AND WAGE INFLATION, 1948-75 that reduce prices relative to wages, and size could achieve the target. structural policies in the labor market that There is persuasive evidence against both Rate of reduce the sustainable unemployment rate. extremes. On the one hand, public employ­ Sustainable inflation In the first category, the Act asserts that ment tends to bring workers from groups Unemploy- unemploy- in hourly expansion itself will reduce costs relative to with high unemployment rates into the la­ Year ment rate ment rate compensation wages by increasing supply. Further, it man­ bor force, even 1f they are not hired directly dates policies to limit food prices and to by the program. Similarly, the tightening of 1948 ______3. 8 5. 3 8. 9 reduce monopoly power. Whatever their the labor market accomplished by public 1949------5. 9 5. 3 3.1 1950 ______5. 3 5. 3 5. 5 magnitude, all of these have only a transi­ employment increases quits among workers 1951_ ____ • __ 3.3 tory e1fect on price inflation relative to wage who are dissatisfied with their jobs and take 1952 ______5.3 8.8} 1953 ______3.0 5.3 5. 5 inflation. No matter how aggressively they advantage of improved conditions to find 1954 ______2.9 5.3 5. 7 are pursued, within a few years the long­ better jobs. In addition, past experience 1955 ______5.5 5.3 3.2 term historical relation between wage and with employment programs suggests that 1956 ______4.4 5.3 3. 5} 1957 ______4.1 5. 3 5. 9 II price inflation will re-establish itself, with some of the workers hired under them will 4.3 5.3 5. 7 prices rising between two and three per­ not come from high unemployment groups, 1958 ______6.8 5.3 3. 7 1959 ______centage points more slowly than wages. For in spite of the intent of the program. Ad­ 1960 ______5.5 5.3 4.6 ministrators of the programs face incentives 1961______5.5 5.3 3. 9 the long run, the Full Employment and Bal­ 6. 7 5. 3 3.3 anced Growth Act in e1fect puts full reliance to maximize the productivity of the workers 1962 ______1963 ______5.5 5.3 4.2 on structural manpower policies to ellmi­ they hire, and generally the most productive 1964 ______5. 7 5.3 nate the otherwise inflationary effect of its workers are the least subject to unemploy­ 1965 ______5.2 5.3 4. 5 5.3 3. 6 low target for the unemployment rate. ment. This problem is even more acute in 1966 ______3.8 ~: ~) labor market programs supporting private 5.4 6.2 STRUCTURAL POLICIES IN THE LABOR MARKET 1967------1968 ______3.8 5.4 5. 7 1111 employment. To the extent that the workers 3.6 5. 5 The Full Employment and Balanced 1969 ______7. 4 hired are those with good propects else­ 1970 ______3. 5 5.5 6. 7 Growth Act calls upon structm·al policies to 1971______4.9 5.6 6.8 where, a public employment program is in­ 5. 9 5.6 reduce the sustainable unemployment rate flationary. In view of all of these influences, 1972 ______6.8 1973 ______5. 6 5. 7 from nearly 6 percent to below 4 percent it appears that the non-inflationary fraction 4.9 5. 7 6.7. 2}8 IVJ of the total labor force, or from 5 to 3 1974 ______5.6 is not above one-half, and could be even 1975 ______5. 8 -9.5 percent for adults. It mandates two types lower. On the other hand, the non-1nflation­ 8. 5 5.8 8. 9 of programs with which the federal govern­ ary fraction is certainly greater than zero, ment has had a good deal of experience since because public employment programs can 1 Establishment of tight labor market annual increase. 1961: aid to depressed regions and a variety have a favorable effect on the composition of 2 New base of 7 percent range of wage inflation. of programs directed speciflcally at youths. employment, biasing it toward groups with Note: Refers to wage inflation/as against price inflation: There is no question about the magnitude high unemployment rates. The Act contains (1) Does wage inflation lead to price inflation? Is there a lag in of the problems addressed by these programs. some specific provisions with exactly this this process? (2) What effect does inflationary expectations have For example, 1f unemployment among teen­ on wage demands? (3) What effect does cost·of-living increases in+:ent. have in causing, not only causes increases in, wage inflation agers could be reduced to the average level In my opinion, the evidence supports the but raises the base of wage inflation. for adults, the sustainable unemployment view that between a quarter and a half of rate for all workers would fall by nearly one the reduction in unemployment achieved by percentage point. Youth unemployment is a a public employment program is non-infla­ complex problem stemming from the com­ tionary. This implies, in turn, that between bination of llm1ted entry-level opportuni­ four and eight million public jobs would be WORLD WAR I PENSION ACT ties for jobs with real futures and from the required to achieve the 2 percent reduction DISCHARGE PETITION turnover associated with the high level of in the sustainable unemployment rate that personal freedom granted to the young to­ the Full Employment and Balanced Growth day. Programs that get young workers start­ Act mandates. At a gross cost to the taxpay­ HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON ed on promising careers simply have not ers of, say, $10,000 per year for each job. OF CALIFORNIA worked out yet, and the substantive obstacles the total gross cost of the public employ­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to their large-scale implementation are very ment provisions of the Act would be $40 to serious. Programs with the more modest goal $80 billion per year. The net cost would be Wednesday, June 2, 1976 of providing summer employment for teen­ less because the cost of unemployment com­ Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. agers have been successful and ought to be pensation and income maintenance would Speaker. prior to the Memorial Day re­ expanded, in my view. In any case reductions fall by perhaps $10 blllion. cess, I spoke before the House urging my in unemployment rates for youths can do On the basis of these calculations, I have very little to help in achieving the Act's un­ to conclude, regretfully but flrmly. that the colleagues to join me in signing a dis­ employment target, which relates to adult feasib111ty of the Act's stru:<>Or sta~~ards of living and poor nutri­ Latino first year enrollments have shown a We advocate expansion and full funding tiOn.... decline from 9.5 to 8.8% for 1975-1976. The of educational grants for the education of The tragic story told by such studies is in­ number of Black and Latino graduates from disadvantaged children, bilingual education excusable when at the same time the Fed­ physician assistants training is expected to and the handicapped for we believe that the eral government is spending billions of dol­ decline at an even more drastic rate in 1976 ultimate measure of a just and responsible lars on exotic biomedical research and sub­ from its present 7.3% to 4.6% in 1976. society is one which accommodates and en­ sidies to medical schools. At the same time DIGNITY OF THE INDIVIDUAL com·ages the development of each individual our present knowledge of the health prob­ as one individual. lems of the Latino is totally inadequate. An integral part of the Latino value system We advocate full funding and expansion Federal data gathering on the health is the notion that each individual person is of student assistance programs in higher status of Latinos has been badly neglected, entitled to equal treatment and opportunity. education including the development of for example: We believe in policies that stress and rein­ Latino health professional and scientists, The National Center for Health Statistics, force the ideal of individual development to bilingual teachers and public administra­ the primary Federal health data gatherer, the full extent of each person's abilities and tors. It is a cruel hoax on the Latino student currently does not provide reliable estimates potential. to offer a 'choice' of programs which are, on the health problems facing Latinos, de­ EDUCATION in fact, not available. Therefore, we advo­ spite the fact that a selected "Ten State Nu­ Let me profile the educational plight of cate a more active role by the Federal gov­ trition Survey, 1968-1970" conducted by the the Latino community as a premise to de­ ernment in encouraging institutions of high­ Center for Disease Control suggested high scribe some of the problems we have encoun­ er education to develop programs geared to levels of nutritional deficiency among tered and solutions we propose. the needs of the Latino community. We have Latinos; we have seen the public school in essence heard much about the 'mis-match' between A recent report by the National Center for "de-educate" our Latino children, instead of the number of persons trained and the lim­ Health Statistics provides data on the clin­ nuturing their ability and pride in speaking ited availability of position. I think we have ical signs of possible nutritional deficiency the most widely spoken language in this no need to fear that we will produce 'too from age 1 to 74. The report itself empha­ hemisphere, Spanish. We have seen the edu­ many' Latino health professionals, the need sizes, "Nutrition is a major factor in the en­ cational system destroy this great national for such persons is practically speaking vironment affecting life and health." And resource. without limit at the present time. yet not one word in this 81 page report on The median year of schooling completed by We advocate new initiative by the Fed­ nutritional deficiency among Latinos: Latinos averaged 9.6 years compared to the eral government to encourage community The Interview and the Examination survey general population which averaged 12.1 in control and involvement in the educa­ reports compiled by the National Center for 1970. For Mexican Americans in Texas the tional establishment but I think its time Health Statistics present vital facts on the median years of education were 7.2 and in that we stopped fooling ourselves about the health status of our population including California, 10.6. ease with which this goal will be attained. data on personal health expenditures, phy­ Much has been made of the fact that I previously cited the fact that a significant sician visits, prevalence of chronic respira­ younger Latinos are better educated than number of Latinos do not own their own tory and other conditions, hypertension, den­ their parents, suggesting to the unsophisti­ home, there is also a rise in the number of tal disease, pre- and post-natal care of chil­ cated that it is historically inevitable and Latino families where both parents work. dren. Of the 100 reports in the Interview that time equals progress. This illusion is Migrant agricultural workers pose a con­ Series not one contained any facts on the dangerously in error. There is a significant tinuing challenge to the traditional PTA Latinos. Of the nearly 150 reports in the gap between Latino youth and all youth at approach to parent and communty involve­ Examination Series not one contains any all levels of schooling. Two thirds of all young ment. I believe that what is needed is a new facts on the Latino; people (18-24) completed high school while approach which relies on the deeply felt Another important series of reports by only half of Latino young people reached its sense of family in the Latino community. the National Center for Health Statistics completion. A greater proportion of 16 year This new approach might be called the contains data on mortality, natality, fetal old Latinos had not even entered the junior "Family League" movement which would and maternal mortality, birth weights and year of high school compared to other stu­ encourage involvement of the entire fam­ other related trends. Nearly 80% of these re­ dents of the same age. ily in the education of children and adults. ports provide data by race or color but none Approximately 2 out of every 10 Latino Providing full educational opportunity is by Spanish origin. This is particularly tragic males over 25 had completed less than 5 the key to responding to one of the most when you recall that 41% of all Latino fam­ years of school in 1975. deeply held convictions of the Latino com­ ilies include children under 6 years of age One out of every four Mexican American munity-that the school system provide and the low income family averages 3.0 men over 25 had less than 5 years of school. the maximum encouragement to children to children; Six out of every 10 Latino males had com­ develop themselves and that the education­ And lastly, the National Institute of Men­ pleted less than 4 years of high school in tal Health has published over 100 "statisti­ al system serve as an institution to unite 1975 compared to four out of 10 in the general and advance the child at every level within cal notes" since 1969 on mental health prob­ population. the Latino community. lems and care. Only one, an April 1972 study Only 14% of Latinos had completed any EQUAL JUSTICE UNDER THE LAW on admission rates to state and county hos­ college, including 6% who had completed 4 pitals, included data on Latinos. or more years compared to the general popu­ The Latino community has traditionally This neglect and indifference must be re­ lation where 21% had completed some col­ been the 'victim' rather than the beneficiary versed if we are to begin meeting the health of the criminal and civil justice system care needs of the Latino. I urge the Demo­ lege and 11% had completed 4 years of col­ lege or more. in America. The symbols and memories of cratic Platform Committee to take a strong this vicitimization are to be found every­ and unequivocal position on this vital need. The reasons for this appalling profile are where where Latinos have resided-in the We would like to sketch the broad outlines not difficult to understand: discrimination memories of Border Patrol 'raids' on our of an approach in the health area which must and denial of equal educational opportunity communities, urban 'sweeps' by Immigration be taken. coupled with poverty have operated to pre­ officials which have resulted in the deten­ We advocate full comprehensive national vent the development of the full human tion, arrest and harassment of U.S. citizens health insurance, comprehensive maternal potential of too many Latino children. and legal residents, Ruben Salazar in my and child care programs which stress nutri­ Latino Democratic Officials take pride in Congressional district, the riots at Attica tion and high quality preventive and early the fact that their efforts have introduceo and the Tombs, the Texas Rangers. It is a diagnostic health services for infants and the Latino community's unique contribution tribute to the Latino community in this children and support development of com­ to American education: bilingual-bicultural country that they have not lost faith with munity based and consumer controlled health education. But the promise of this basic America's sense of fairness and justice. centers and migrant health centers. innovation which responds to our commu­ But I believe the Democratic Party will We advocate the development of compre­ nity's deeply felt need to develop each in­ demonstrate in positive ways that this faith hensive health care systems including men­ dividual remains largely a promise. Less than is justified by reforming the criminal and tal health services which are based on the 3% of all Latino children are served by civil justice system so that it is attentive particular and unique health conditions of bilingual-bicultural programs and many to the unique needs of the Latino com­ the population served by the systems. school districts have been reluctant or un­ munity because our deepest conviction is to We advocate a more concerted and con­ willing to undertake the task, despite the the notion that the purpose of society is sistent approach to the development of ade­ U.S. Supreme Court's ruling on this issue to preserve and defend the dignity of the quate training and educational opportunities in Lau v. Nichols. individual. for the Latino in the health professions. We advocate a step up of early childhood We advocate the development of Federal, Despite the fact that the Federal govern- development which is attentive to the unique state and local bilingual courts which will 16302 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 2, 1976 tors out of 40; and four state assemblymen allow the Latino community to receive equal the-re were 68 Latinos out of a total work­ representation and justice under the la.w. force of 4,828, or 1.4% of the Bureau of the out of 80. census workforce. In fact, there has actually Discriminatory practices have been de­ We call tor the elimination of discrimina­ vised and used to thwart and dilute the col­ tion in employment by police departments been a decline in the percentage which was 1.6% in 1974. lective political lnfiuence of the Mexican and throughout the criminal and civll justice American through such practices as at-large system including probation and parole offi­ Government wide, the percentage of Latinos employed by the government has in­ school board elections, l."edistricting, regis­ cers a.nd programs to encourage the develop­ tration, and voting irregularities, unan­ ment of adequately funded public defender creased by 988 jobs or to 3.3% in 1975. It had been 3.2% in 1974. The "gain" was one tenth nounced changes in polling places and lack programs including subsidizing the education of bilingual registrars, election informa­ of attorneys dedicated to the practice of of one percent. In specific pay categories we actually lost ground in particular Wage Sys­ tion and election officials. These problems public interest law. are particularly severe in rural Califo-rnia We advocate reforming the corrections sys­ tem jobs where the percentage stayed the same but the actual number of jobs held by as documented by the Civil Rights Com­ tem particularly the prisons and the estab­ mission's 1971 study. In one instance, a lishment of a bill of rights for prisoners to Latinos declined by 442. Spanish speaking voter asked for assist­ ensure that all rights and privileges of the I previously discussed the lack of knowl­ ance in operating the voting machine. Since ordinary citizen are retained by prisoners edge about the health status of Latinos and none of the Anglo election officials spoke except those expresly withdrawn by lawful now contrast that to the fact that the 1974- Spanish, she obtained help from another orders. The Latino community's need to pre­ 1975 EEO data provided by Clvfi Service Mexican American voter. The woman who serve a.nd defend the d1gnity of the individual Commission shows that Latinos represent assisted her asked the official why they compells us to insist that basic human rights less than 0.6% of the employees in the en­ failed to provide bilingual officials. The re­ are extended to all prisoners including the tire National Institutes of Health. Latinos sponse was: "This is America, and if the right to adequate meals, medical care, ac­ comprise only 1.4% of the workforce of the woman wanted to vote, she would know how ceptable levels of sanitation, proper housing, Health Service staff and less than 1% of the to speak English." Yes, this is America and freedom from fear of physical and psycho­ employees of the Health Resources Adminis­ it is time we recognized the need to provide logical mistreatment and opportunities to tration and in Alcohol, Drug Abuse and assistance to Spanish speaking and other participate in well run educational and other Mental Health Administration. language minority citizens. rehabilitation programs. We also advocate In short, I am trying to disabuse you of Although the population of certain rural the establishment of grievance procedures the notion that our progress in attaining counties ln California had Mexican Amer­ and the means for appointment of independ­ good jobs and contributing to the solution ican popula.tlona from 16.7% to 44.9 % , the ent investigators. For too long the prisons of some of the problems facing the IAtlno combined total of Mexican American elected have been schools for crime instead of community has been sign1:flcant or sub­ officials was only 1.2% of all elected officials correction. stantial. in those countries. We advocate these humane approaches to The reasons for our lack of progress in In recognition of this history, we advocat2 corrections not because we are una.tfected eliminating job discrimination are several a massive voter education effort on behalf by the criminal behavior in our society, but but the principal problems are related to the of the Latino community and the avail­ because we are firmly convinced that robbing lack of commitment by the National Admin­ ability of election infonnation, registrars a person of the right to individual dlgnity istration, which has resulted in the frag­ and election officials on a bilingual basis. does not ennoble the victim of the crime. mented leadership among the Federal agen­ We advocate the vigorous enforcement of EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY cies dealing with equal employment oppor­ the Voting Rights Act and a.n active cam­ The practice of looking at the color of a tunity and stopped progress within the Fed­ paign by the Democratic Party to help the person's skin, whether they are male or eral establishment itself. Latino community to eradicate discrimina­ female, noting their accent or surname first, We advocate, therefore, the allocation of tion in voting which we have discussed here is so commonplace in our society that the more resources to the Equal Employment today. widespread practice of discrtmlnating on Opportunity Commission and other agencies The Supreme Court has pointed out that these bases has lost its shock appeal. The of the Federal government to revitalize this "Any discrimination in determining who may fact that job discrimination is so common­ nation's commitment to the elimination of participate in polltlcal a.ffa.trs . . • under­ place should have suggested to us that its job discrtmlnatlon and to attract the kind mines the legitimacy of a representative gov­ eradication meant massive social changes in o! high quality administrators and other ernment." As early as 1886 the Supreme our most basic institutions. Its pervasiveness public servants required to make these pro­ Court instructed us that "the right to vote should have suggested that the amount of grams works. is a fundamental political right tor it pro­ financial and moral resources we, as a coun­ We call upon the next Democratic admin­ tects all rights." We adhere to these beliefs try, were willing to put into the effort were istration to clean up the Federal govern­ and view voter discrimination as a basic at­ woefully inadequate. ment's own employment practices, especially tack on the dignity of the individual. The I have touched on the topic of job dis­ in the key agencies dealing with equal em­ purpose of the American political process is crlm.inatlon under a variety of headings by ployment opportunity and to resume the to unite the country, not to divide it into noting its pernicious effect on the earnings lea.dership as a model employer. classes based on language ability, member­ of Latinos, differential unemployment rates, We advocate these things because the ship in a particular cultural or racial group its effect on the housing conditions for eradication of job discrimination in all Its or on the basis of economic or social class. Latinos, the effect of such discrimination forms is essential to the achievement of the BILINGUAL-BICULTURAL VIEWPOINT ln distorting the purposes and functioning Latino community's ideal that each indi­ We spoke earlier of the Latino commu­ of the crtminal and civil justice system, its vidual's dignity be preserved in the work­ nity's unique contribution to American edu­ effect on depriving Latinos of adequate place. The illegal denial of a job because of cation-the notion of bilingual-bicultural health care. This is an appropriate way to discrimination is a denial o! the access to all education. We discussed our g<>als of bilin­ diSCuss Job di.scriminatlon because it is like else. gual courts and the need of bilingual assist­ a hydra.head-complicatlng and aggravating VOTING RIGHTS ance in the voting process. Our support for all other problems faced by the Latino com­ The National Association of Latino Demo­ these goals is based on the belle! that the munity. cratic Officials has adopted as one of its preservation of the Spanish speaking herit­ I trust at this late date that it is not guiding principles the "promotion of regis­ age is the key to mainta.inlng our strong necessary to "document" the fact of dis­ tration and voting participation of Latinos family ties and sense of community. crimination against the Latino community in Federal, state, and local elections", among Despite having to bear the brunt of job by citing the occupational distribution of other reasons because the right to vote and discrimination and the denial o! rights and Latino workers which indicates significant participate in the political process is the benefits of citizenship, our communities difference between the types of jobs held most direct means of expressing our com­ have survived. All o:f this is a sad commen­ by Latino workers and the general workforce. mitment to the dignity of the Individual. tary on our often repeated bonst of being a Although 16% of the nationwide workforce The need for NALADO and the Demooratic "nation of immigrants". iS employed in professional and technical Party to speak out on this issue is eVident We believe that this country has lost work (white collar) only 9% of Latino work­ when you consider that the Latino com­ something precious and beyond monetary ers are so employed. But it may be instructive munity, particularly the Mexican American value. We have lost entire generations of to review the Federal government's own prac­ community have been denied the right to writers, poets and composers of Spanish tices and the results because we believe that exercise this first attribute of citizenship. spe::.king backgrounds; this country has lost there is a relationship between the absence The residual e1Iect of this deprivation are the contribution of. a. unique American per­ or low status of Latinos and the quality of still evident in the fact that although spectivf' to the body of international litera­ services and degree of sensitivity shown by Mexican Americans comprise approximately ture in the Spanish language. Here and there our institutions of government. 16% of California's total population and our conununity and artistic groups, under­ In a moment I will turn to the problems 12o/o of its voting age population, Mexican funded and unrecognized, valiantly work to with Census counts and data gathering with Americans hold only 0.7% of the elected develop regional and local creative meccas respect to the Latino community, for now offices in the state. Mexican Americans have based on our traditions and experiences as let's look at the hiring record of the Bureau only one Federal representative (elected in Americans. of the Census where, as of June 30, 1975, 1963) out of a total of 43; two state sena- The point to be made is that the principal June 2, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16303 institutions of American society should be workers many of whom are Mexican Ameri­ Now there are new waves of immigration supporting the preservation and growth of cans; Spanish language questionnaires were and migration to our cities-the people still ours and other national origin cultures. We not provided on a routine basis, despite the come with hope, but they come from differ­ believe strongly in a renaissance of the La­ fact that many Latinos needed help in filling ent places-from Mississippi, from the tino and language minority traditions of out the English-only forms; Census handled Southwest, from Puerto Rico, Mexico and this country. If evidence is needed of that the count of Spanish origin as a regional Central and South America. And most of tradition look to the names of the principal phenomenon ignoring the nationwide distri­ them are brown and black. They do not cities and traditions of my own state of Cali­ bution where as 40% of Latinos live outside find the welcome that the earlier wave of fornia; Los Angeles, San Francisco, San Di­ the Southwestern United States; and lastly immigrantion met. The system that offered ego, the Sangre de Cristo mountains of Colo­ the Bureau failed to show its sensitivity to opportunity to all has been short-circuited, rado and New Mexico, and on and on. A large the need for bilingual enumerators during and if we do not re-connect that system, part of the "American story" can only be told the 1970 census. the future of our country may be in doubt. by recognizing this Spanish language tradi­ As a result of these failings, the U.S. Com­ We have read a great deal lately about the tion. mission on Civil Rights reported in April 1974 political and demographic shift away from Mr. Chairman, there is another reason why that there was evidence of a "significant un­ the North-we now have the Sunbelt to it is important to preserve and cultivate the dercount" citing the Bureau's own estimate reckon with, an area settled by people who Spanish language in America and it relates of the 1970 undercount of blacks. In 1973, have had the mobility and access to leave the to a fact that I mentioned earlier-spanish the National Urban League concluded that industrial cities behind. And, in their flight, is the most widely spoken language in the the undercount rates for the Spanish origin taking their power and money with them, hemisphere. How can we be considered "Good population was "probably larger than those they have left the poor, the black and the Neighbors" and honor the culture of other for blacks." Latinos to struggle for survival-people with­ nations in this hemisphere if we neglect the The Bureau of the Census' own 1973 popu­ out a voice, without power and without millions of Spanish speaking Americans of lation survey for "Persons of Spanish Origin access to the institutions that control their our own country? in the United States" showed a substantial lives. Further, we believe it is time for us to increase of more than 1.5 million over the More than 83% of all Latinos-97.3% of take a closer look at U.S. policies towards 1970 figures. This revision of the method of all Puerto Ricans-live in cities. This report Latin America; there is a clear contradic­ counting Latinos resulted in a 17% rise in contains statistics that will show that they tion, which is growing more conspicuous the Spanish origin population and a nearly are among the most poorly educated, the every year, between the espousal of American 40% increase among Mexican Americans, most badly paid, the least healthy and the democratic principles and our government's which to us constitutes prima facie evidence most highly unemployed segment of our failure to oppose the denial of human rights that the original (1970) count was not ac­ society. And a major factor in these statistics in the hemisphere and even in our own coun­ curate and not properly conducted. is that these are urban dwellers. There is a phrase that has gained some try. We should remember that attitudes and Since the 1970 census, the Bureau of the currency in New York lately-"planned policies towards Spanish speaking Americans Census has made some improvements in the shrinkage"'. It refers to a systematic plan to in this country affect our bi-lateral and in­ methods used to enumerate the Latino popu­ cut services in certain poor neighborhoods ternational relations with others; and what lation particularly the expansion of the cate­ in the City so that the people who live there gory "Spanish origin for children under 14" we advocate for the Latino community in this will move and save the city money. New country can be applied equally to the devel­ to include Spanish origin not only of the York City is now just articulating what the oping countries of Latin America. father but also of the mother; expansion of Nixon-Ford administration has been practic­ PROBLEMS WITH CENSUS COUNTS AND DATA Mexican ethnic origin from two to four cate­ ing since 1969. GATHERING gories and changes in the survey procedures The Democratic Party must now under­ with emphasis on interviewing and use of a Mr. Chairman, we would also like to ex­ take a program of planned revitalization. self identification flash card, in its Current The new Democratic President who takes press concern over the serious deficiencies in Population Survey which is conducted an­ the collection and analysis of data and sta­ office next January must move forward with nually. However, the depth and scope of the compelling mandate to commit the resources tistics on the Latino. Knowledge is the fil"st Current Population Survey is not as exten­ step in problem solving. We must have a of this country to the rebuilding of oppor­ sive as the decennial censuses and significant tunity for the citizens of the nation's cities. better and more complete grasp of the facts gaps still exist. if we are going to accomplish very much of We are beyond the point of patchwork pro­ We have elaborated in some detail on the grams and emergency repairs. the agenda we spelled out today. deficiencies so far as health statistics are con­ There are currently some 100 Federal pro­ The cities can no longer be reviled and cerned; the same problem is evident in the excoriated for existing, for being places where grams which allocate funds on the basis of gathering of data on unemployment. Reliable population, many of which require census the poor reside. They should be rewarded information on voter participation and other for the job they have done, and more con­ data by minority groups and population vital areas is still fragmentary. characteristics within specific geographic cretely, for the disproportionate amount of The data which is missing could not only taxes they have paid in relation to the areas. These programs involve a wide range of help us target Federal funds more accurately benefits from Federal highways and mass amounts of Federal funds they have received. to reach the Latino community but also plays We therefore advocate the establishment of transit funds, to general revenue sharing, an important role in allowing us to measure education, manpower, housing, health and an Office of Pl-anned Urban Revitalization in the degree of compliance with important the White House, an office with direct Presi­ social services, programs for the elderly and Federal, state and local laws which prohibit law enforcement assistance. This basis for dential oversight--not stuck away in HEW discrimination. Beyond this, the lack of reli­ or HUD where it can be whittled into inef­ allocating funds seems to us to be logical and able and compatible data on the Latino com­ even-handed since, among other virtues, it 'fectiveness-but where every agen::y will munity has discouraged serious academic and have input and responsibility to do its share minimizes the amount of political interfer­ scholarly works on the Latino community. ence in the allocation of program funds and in the great task that must be done. I pro­ We hope that, among other things, better pose that the legislative mandate for the tends to guarantee that the funds actually data will encourage more research and at­ go to the intended beneficiaries. In other Office of Urban Revitalization carry with it tention to the Latino community by the the massive amounts of money needed to parts of this statement we have advocated scholarly community. this approach for the Latino community with make those programs work. Those funds must respect to housing, education, community THE CITIES be spent on a comprehensive and interde­ No presentation of the needs of the Latino pendent program of jobs, industrial develop­ development, health and employment pro­ ment, housing, health care-in other words, grams. community can really be complete without a discussion of the urban crisis in our coun­ a restoration of the human-and humane­ The problem is that the 1970 Census pro­ services that have caused our more afiluent vided a most inaccurate accounting for the try. Every issue of concern to Latinos-hous­ ing, education, jobs, health care-is exacer­ citizens and businesses to flee, and left our Latino population. The Bureau of the Census poor to suffer. Secretary of State Kissinger did not actually count the Spanish origin bated and magnified in the cities. The fiscal crisis in New York has been in the news in recently proposed such self-help programs population but relied on a 5% sample ques­ the past months, but it is not isolated, and for Africa. Isn't it time that this country tion. This small sampling was an expedient only presages the disastrous national conse­ began thinking about helping itself to afterthought adopted by the Bureau to quell quences of the foolhardy Nixon-Ford re­ survive? criticism against its original failure to pro­ sponse to the plight of our older urban areas. Soon the United Nations will meet in Van­ vide a Spanish origin question for the Cen­ Let me begin by reviewing the history of couver to discuss the problem of human sus. However, very little was done to insure the settlement of the cities of America. Since settlements. The Ford-Reagan position at that this sample adequately estimated the the nation's founding, people have come that international conference wm be one of Spanish origin population. The failures were with hope to America's large urban centers indifference. Wouldn't it be appropriate if multiple. Census failed to develop appropriate from lands where they were oppressed, where the Democra.tic Party committed itself to data collection techniques and relied too their opportunities were limited. The cities change that indifference to commitment, and heavily on mailout-mailback method despite welcomed these newcomers and shared their to show the entire world that we indeed do the fact that mail delivery would be poor riches-they opened doors to education, to care? in substandard housing areas where most employment, to good heatlh. From these We must commit ourselves to advancing Latinos live; Census failed to properly con­ immigrants arose the political and industrial those who have been damaged as a result sider the high mobility among migrant farm- leadership of our country. of public and private policies, we must give 16304 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 2, 1976 back to the urban poor-the blacks, the young man will bring home a gold medal he still shoots, expecting to get more active Latinos-wha-t has been taken away from for the United States in the upcoming agatn in a hobby of 20 years standing. He them. often competed in meets of the Qulnsippi Olympics Earl Bell is a credit to the Gun Club, and at shoots in Mt. Sterling, A related issue that will spell survival or field of athletic endeavor. death for Latinos-a.s well a.s other poor that Macomb, Alton's Piasa Club and other spots live in cities-is welfare. We have all heard along the river valley. that the reason most people have come to His boxing days at 147 pounds ''were not the cities is that it's easy to go on welfare, particularly brilliant," he insists. "I did It and the benefits are so high. Besides being, AFTER 38 YEARS IN BR ADCASTING some in college, before and after college and simply a wrong assumption, it also requires competed in some Golden Gloves tourna­ a new and r81dical approach. Many proposals ments. However, I have nothing to brag about have been put forth as to the most equitable HO . WILLIAM L. HUNGATE from my ring career. I guess I just did it method to nationalize welfare. Under most of OF MISSOURI more for fun and the exercise than anything them, the major cities of the country would IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES else." lose because most plans incorporate maxi­ A bit heavier now, his prize fighting is mum benefits that are below the standard of Wednesday, June 2, 1976 confined to an occasional fast spar in the TV studios with good-natured AI Morris. living in those places. Mr. HUNGATE. Mr. Speaker, after 38 Therefore, we advocate a national wel­ Joining the Army Air Corps in February, fare plan that inoorporates a regional cost­ years in broadcasting, Gene Terry, a 1942, he served at bases in Florida, Bolling of-living index in its formula. That is the close friend of mine and a familiar face Field, Washington, D.C., in the exciting only way a. national welfare program can in the illinois and Missouri areas, has World War II days when President Franklin truly serve the citizens who need it, and announced his retirement. I know he will Roosevelt was around and Prime Minister the Democratic Party should-and must-­ be greatly missed by his viewers and fel­ Winston Churchill visited the base; San Luis take the lead in providing a welfare stand­ I Obispo, Calif., Camp Pendleton, Ore, Spo­ low workers and would like to join with kane, Wash., and Harrisburg. Pa. An Oregon ard that will allow our people to survive. them in expressing our best wishes to In conclusion, let me restate our theme. girl, Ruth Keipper, won his admiration, and The DelllQcratic Party can and will attract him for the years ahead. the two were married on AprilS, 1944, at Fort the vote and support of the Latino com­ I would like to share with my col­ George Wright chapel in Spokane. munity and encourage greater voter partici­ leagues the attached article which high­ They waited eight years for their only c;ou, pation by this under-represented segment lights his career: Michael Eugene Terry, himself a recent of our society if it is attentive to the four GENE TERRY MAPS PLANs FOR SUNNY bridegroom and an admissions counselor at his alma mater, Northeast Missouri State basic core values of the Latino oommunity. RETIREMENT University at Kirksville. The platform should support and advocate (By Bill Bradshaw) programs and policies which reinforce and Though long out of active service, Terry support a strong and vibrant family struc­ When he completes the 6:10 p.m. weather retained his affiliation with the Air Force ture, promote the commitment to the dig­ report and forecast Friday, Gene Terry, news Reserve and retired just five years ago as a nity of the individual, reinforce the Latino director at KHQA-TV Channel 7 and WTAD lieutenant colonel. community's strong sense of community and Radio, will unfasten his portable "mike" and With all his other interests, news report­ promote a bllingual-bicultural worldvlew. write "finis" to 38 years of broadcasting. ing and broadcasting have been Terry's forte. The impersonality and materialism of "Retirement has slipped up so rapidly," He had the early morning news in his first American life, particularly its urban life, is the popular tri-states weather and newsman days at WTAD, arising at 4 a.m. to join the often decried but its cause is often misdiag­ explained "that it finds me leaving the WCU late Will Sohm at the mike. Resigning to nosed as the inevitable cost of "progress." building With very mixed emotions." enter service after Pearl Harbor, Terry re­ In the life experience of the Latino com­ But feeling nothing like his 65 years, Terry turned to civilian life at St. Louis, where he munities in this country we can see a re­ generally was optimistic and a bit enthusi­ was news director at station KWK in 1947- affirmation that the sense of community is astic about retirement. "My plans are far 48. Then it was back to Quincy once more a :trail thing that requires nurturing andre­ from complete for the long run," he said, with WQDI, The Herald-Whig's FM station. sistance to trends and influences that "but it's something I've looked forward to a While in Oregon on vacation, Terry met weaken this value. long time and I'm sure Ruth and I will keep one of the unfortunate episodes of his ll're­ It is in community that we raise our chil­ as busy as we wish to be at whatever the an auto accident that badly injured a. leg dren, transmit our values, traditions, our future may have in store." and led to surgeries and convalescence that language and unique view of the world. The familiar scene of Terry, or "old tor­ took him out of action for a full year. We believe that in the diversity of Ameri­ nado Terry" as Tom Robey and others of the When he did get back on foot, Terry went can life lies its strength. Consequently, we crew like to heckle him, certainly is a fa­ with KHMO Radio at Hannibal. He spent seek to preserve and improve that com­ miliar one which will be missed by his thou­ six months there, moving for a similarly brief munity. sands of viewers and listeners. st·nt to an Amarillo, Tex., station. As George Brancado, late of the St. Louis Once more Quincy beckoned, and Gene Weather Bureau, once said, "Gene Terry is Terry responded. For a year and a half he one of the most highly respected 'weather was a newscaster on WGEM Radio. ARKANSAS ATHLETE BREAKS men' in the Middle west." But in 1952 he went back to his first love­ WORLD POLE VAULT RECORD For the short run, there'll be some travel WTAD. "TV came in the next year," he re­ this summer, visiting Mrs. Terry's relatives calls, "and everything changed. I was still at Portland, Oreg., and some leisure along the on early morning radio and took the night blue Pacific. Then it will be time for the re­ TV weather," he said. "I didn't mind TV; HON. BILL ALEXANDER tiree to start considering where he may be­ rather liked it." OF ARKANSAS come active next. He recalls his earliest days at WTAD and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Born in Quincy, the only child of Lloyd the onset of television. "Our mayor, Don W. and Ruby E. Terry, on May 22, 1911, Gene Nicholson, then was our news director. He Wednesday, June 2, 1976 started his broadcasting days at WTAD in was my boss," Terry related. "Don and I are Mr. ALEXANDER. Mr. Speaker, Earl 1938, and, with the exception of four years' stlli good friends. He was a 'helluva' news­ Bell of Jonesboro, Ark., and Arkansas work in public relations and intelligence in man, and I think has been a good mayor." State University in my congressional the U.S. Air Force in the days of World War About the news business in general, Terry n and other brief professional stints else­ rather rues the creeping domination of cov­ district, set a new world pole vault record where, Quincy has always been his point of erage by picture. "True," he admits, "a pic­ last weekend at the U.S. Track and Field "regravitation." "I left occasionally," he said, ture is worth a thousand words, and it's Federation championships in Wichita, "but we always came back. I don't expect graphic. But sometimes I wonder if pictures Kans. retirement to change that." don't often convey something less than the Bell vaulted 18 feet, 7¥4 inches, a full Completing his public school education true situation-not always being what they inch better than the previous record set with graduation from Quincy High in 1929, appear to be." Gene went on for three years' study at So far as any news slanting or management by Dave Roberts of the Florida Track CUlver-Stockton College at Canton, Mo. The is concerned, Terry said, "I know for certain Club in 1975 and far above Bell's own Depression hit at about that time, and formal this does not exist in local coverage, and meet record of 17 feet, 8 inches, which education ended. I'm almost as sure tt does not on the net­ he set at the Federation Championships But education as such did not. Terry is an works. There simply are too many good, last year. inveterate reader, and he says, ''I now intend honest reporters-far too much competition. Earl, a junior at Arkansas State Uni­ to read all those books I've been collecting If these things happened, there would be for years." somebody to blow the whistle." versity, cleared the bar at the 18 feet, His den at 1823 Hampshire is as full of Once a seven-day-a-week worker in the 7¥4 inch level on the first try. I wish to trophies from his boxing days and his years studios and on the street, Terry has in more share this great athletic achievement of competitive pistol shooting as it is books. recent years retrenched to a five-day opera­ with my colleagues and predict that this He doesn't collect guns that don't shoot, and tion, gradually "letting go," as he says, "so June 2, 1"976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16305 that retirement will not be all that devastat­ dency of the Union of Orthodox Jewish "intent" wltb. respect to the competition in ing." Congregations of America on the west the common carrier industry. I must admit, Presently he does the noon news and coast, the omci..9.l organization for the however, tha.t I am aomewha.t cautious about weather and comes back on camera for 5:25 what I say. When Bob Timothy, Lloyd Leger, and 6: 10 p.m. weather reviews. In addition orthodox movement. and Dick Rothmeier v:lslted last month, my h e writes and reads the station's weekly edi­ The NCSY is the youth arm of the home phone was shut otr just a few hours torial and hosts the "Face the Tri-States" orthodox movement. Manny and Gerri before. interview show he originated in 1967. have dedicated many years of their lives I knew that AT&T was persuasive with "Yes, I'm rather proud of this show," he with endless devotion, wannth and love, Members of Congress but thought to myself, assessed. ''We have personalities :from all and a deep spiritual commitment to its they really do mean business. walks of life. It's a :free give and take ques­ growth on the west coast. Seriously, Mr. Timothy, Mr. Leger, and my tioning, unrehearsed and unedited. No state­ good friend Dick Rothmeler, were very em­ ments are ever lifted out of context. As one The Rohatiners have been actively en- barrassed to learn that our phone had been local judge once said, 'it's the best possible, . gaged in various philanthropic endeav­ disconnected. I assured them, however, that simply because there is no editing.'" ors within the Los Angeles Jewish com­ the incident was due to my failure to pay Terry is proud of the personalities who've munity for the past 25 years. The United the bill on time and that Wren was just as submitted to the "Trl-States" interviews, Jewish Appeal, the Guardians, B'nai happy to have the phone turned off. It was people like the late Otto Kerner, Senators B'rith, American Mizrachi Women, probably the first quiet day she's had since Charles Percy and Adlai Stevenson, Gov. Young Musicians Foundation, City of we moved to Washington. John Dalton of Missouri and Richard Ogilvie Hope, Hillel Hebrew Academy, and You have been very forthcoming with me of illinois, Congressmen Paul Findley and about your reasons for feeling that this legis­ Wllllam Hungate, sports figures and religious Yavneh Hebrew Academy are just a few lation is necessary; I want to be equally frank leaders. of the organizations that they have sup­ with you in suggesting some areas of your Gene expressed his appreciation to The ported through the years. proposal that I believe require further exam­ Herald-Whig which is often represented on Manny has also had an active political ination. the show. "This alone," he said, "gives di­ career for many years. He served as dep­ I do not favor Federal tinkering with an mension with the cU:fl'ering attitudes and uty for Supervisor Debs and found great industry's fundamental structure. I gather views of the questioners joining our news satisfaction in helping people with their that this is what you believe the FCC has sta1f.'' done with your industry, imposing some ad­ So Gene Terry won't be tracing the highs, problems. He has actively supported justments which you believe make the entire lows and cold fronts nor giving the tempera­ many worthy candidates for public of­ mechanism more costly and less reliable. The tures several times dally now from Chicago, fice. amendments you propose to the COmmuni­ St. Louis, New York, Mlaml, San Antonio, Ge1·ri and Manny Rohatiner are two cations Act fiow from this concern. But the Phoenix, L.A., San Francisco, Seattle, Great very fine human beings and it is my decisions of the FCC which have e1fected Falls, Minneapolis and Denver. pleasure to express to them and to my these changes have been supported by the Instead he'll be traveling, reading his colleagues my commendation of them. Department of Justice and the Office of Tele­ books, shooting his pistols and enjoying life. communications Policy, and have been af­ He just finished teaching a radio-television firmed by the courts. course at Hannibal-LaGrange College and So I am equally hesitant about restructur­ will do another one in the fall. ing your industry by Congressional fiat, even He will continue to be interested in his CONSUMER COMMUNICATIONS RE­ if that action is characterized as a mere alma mater, which awarded him an "out­ FORM ACT OF 1976 "reaffirmation" of earlier pollcy. It seems standing alumn us·• recognition in 1962 and clearly the best policy to me to let an indus­ which he has served repeatedly in fund­ try work out matters on its own, determlnlng raising and promotional e1forts. HON. TIMOTHY E. WIRTH through the interplay between its various He will continue his interest, too, in the OF COLORADO components the structure most naturally Red Cross, the Air Force, which he served IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES suited to the accomplishment of its objec­ as this area's llaison with the Academy at tives. Colorado Springs for several years, his mem­ Wednesday, June 2, 1976 I am certain that none of you is afraid of bership in the Quincy Kiwanis Club, Ameri­ Mr. the competition you have experienced to can Legion Post 37, Quincy Lodge 296, AF & Mr. WffiTH. Speaker, under the date, or are likely to face in the foreseeable AM, the YMCA and the Vermont Street leave to extend my remarks in the REc­ future. My basic philosophical problem with United Methodist Church. ORD, I include the following: In recent your proposal springs from what I perceive Universally recognized wherever he goes, days I have placed in the RECORD mate­ as a disproportion between a negligible Terry observes, "yes, television definitely rial concerning "the Consumer Commu­ threat and massive retaliation. I know full ended anonymity for all time. It's pleasant nications Reform Act of 1976,'' a bill well the skills-rich, diverse, unique--which to be recognized and remembered by so many written and titled by A.T. & T. and the exist within the telephone industry. I've seen friends. Often it's embarrassing, and always independent telephone companies which further demonstration of them here today. it's a very humbling responsibility.'' On the other hand, I was exposed during a number of my colleagues have intro­ the Subcommittee's hearings to the nature duced. Today, I insert in the RECORD a and scope of your competition. As I recall it, speech on this subject which I delivered none of the specialized carriers had yet TRIBUTE TO GERRI AND MANNY to an A.T. & T. executive seminar in broken even on Its telecommunica-tions oper­ ROHATINER Princeton, N.J., on March 8 of this year. ations. And none of the terminal manufac­ Most of the thoughts expressed in my turers described its business as being much speech were based on infonnation advanced from a toe-hold. HON. HENRY A. WAXMAN Given this state of a1fair~nd I believe gathered during hearings held last No­ you will agree I've stated it accurately-it is OF CALIFORNIA vember by the Subcommittee on Com­ difficult to understand the dimensions of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES munications, of which I am a member. I your alarm. That is not to say that I don't have had a number of requests for copies appreciate the underlying reason for it: You Wednesday, June 2, 1976 of my remarks and given that, I thought don't want the home telephone user forced Mr. WAXMAN. Mr. Speaker, it is my it might be helpful to my colleagues to to pay more than his fair share for his serv­ pleasure to join the Los Angeles commu­ make my remarks available here. ice. Neither do L But can't he be protected nity in paying tribute to Geri and Manny In coming days, I plan to put in the from this possibillty without Congressional intervention? Rohatiner at a concert to be held at the REcoRD news articles, editorials and I think the answer to that is not only Scottish Rite Auditorium on Sunday, other material on the Bell bill and on "yes," but that he may expect better protec­ June 12, 1976. the issue of competition in the telephone tion from the industry that serves him than This event is being sponsored by the industry. I hope this will provide my col­ any that Congress could fashion. Let me tell National Conference of Synagogue leaues with information which will help you why. Youth-NCSY-in honor of Mr. and Mrs. them evaluate the arguments which have Resources which we have always taken for Rohatiner. who by their leadership in been made concerning the effects of granted are now becoming llk:e endangered chairing a city wide banquet, the first competition in the telephone industry is species. We are a nation of consumers, but major fund-raising event for NCSY, likelY to have on the public. we have been brought :face-to-face with the fact that there are llmits to what we can helped establish a base of support for the The article follows: consume. Food, energy sources, and our en- organization's continued good work. T HE CONSUMER COMMUNICATIONS REFORM vlronment dally become more clearly finite. S ince that time, Manny has chaired the ACT: A VlEW FROM THE HILL And SO the discipline O! conservation has NCSY West Coast Youth Commission, I"d like to talk brie:fly tonight about your had to displace the permissiveness of con­ and was recently elected to the vice rresi- p r ..Jpo:oal to get Congress to reaffirm its sumption. cxxrr--1028- P ar t 13 16306 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 2 , 19?'6 In your own industry, for instance, I tm­ supplanted-instead of stLpplemented-what the Committee on Interstate and Foreign derstand there is growing support for align­ you have built. But both terminal manu­ Commerce mandated FEA to formulate ing consumption more closely with costs facturers and specialized carriers bring their strategies for solar energy commerciali­ and for discriminating more precisely be­ customers to you, relying on you for the gen­ zation. Yet, as proponents of yesterdays eral, overall network which is necessacy' if tween peak-hour usage that demands ca­ proposal pointed out, the Energy Re­ pacity enlargement and off-hour use that their specializations are to be of value to fills facilities that otherwise would be empty. their customers. search and Development Administra­ Installation and relocation charges are going I don't see that as necessarily bad. The tion-ERDA-clearly has jurisdiction up, to offset the real costs you experience market for add-on frills can be as large a over solar energy as provided for by the in accomplishing these activities, and many universe as there are individual tastes and Solar Heating and Cooling Demonstra­ companies are initiating charges for directory requirements. But by concentrating on the tion Act, and the House Science and assistance. Your industry is increasingly basics, and on satisfying the general require­ Technology Committee, not the Com­ realizing-and in many jurisdictions, inno­ ment, it seems to me that you can largely escape the caprice of those with particu­ merce Committee, has legislative and ju­ vatively adopting-the utility's principle for risdiction over ERDA. The House Bank­ survival: The customer who costs more to larized needs-the more so when there are serve must pay that much more for his serv­ others willing to devote themselves exclu­ ing, Currency and Housing Committee, ice. sively to these submarkets. on the other hand, has jurisdiction over There is, of course, in your business an This is what I mean when I say that you H.R. 13143, my own bill to increase Fed­ irreducible minimum of service which are much better equipped to protect your eral housing loan and insurance ceilings should be made available at the lowest pos­ customers than is the Congress, since only to provide money for solar heating and sible charge consistent with costs. That mini­ you know the true costs associated with the cooling in homes. provision of your various services, end only mum is, basically, a black telephone, a di­ While the Commerce Committee's leg­ rectory listng, a fixed number of outgoing you can maintain the cost-rate equilibrium calls (perhaps with rates governed by time in the face of shifting supply-demand rela­ islation toward an FEA solar commer­ and distance), and unlimited incoming calls. tionships. If Congress were to cast today's cialization program was no doubt con­ This is what your customers, and my con­ reality in concrete, then you might have to ceived in an earnest desire to address a stituents, must have. In any case where this come back to us in a few years' time and real need, I cannot help wondering if essential level of service is too costly for ask us to break the mold and re-cast things the committee was aware that ERDA re­ you to provide at rates subscribers can rea­ so as to fit entirely changed circumstances. cently completed an extensive assess­ It is upon your ability to serve in the sonably afford, then I am convinced that ment of the scope of the challenge in both application must be made to the legislative public interest that I place my own reliance. branch to provide the sums required to fur­ Amending the Communications Act­ residential and commercial solar power nish it. Through the rural telephone assist­ whether in the way you suggest, or as your demonstration. FEA itself was aware of ance program, Congress has been aware of, competitors might prefer--offers me no a>'3- the assessment since FEA people con­ and active in, meeting its obligation to assist surance whatever that my telephone service tributed significantly to the assessment the telephone industry in fulfilling basic will remain as good a value as it has been in cooperation with ERDA. The next service responsibilities in sparsely populated to date. Only you-through creative, cost­ logical step is for ERDA's own Office of sensit ive, diligent management--can pre­ areas. If necessary, Congress or the state leg­ Commercialization to address the needs islatures should similarly lend a helping serve, improve, and pass on the truly mag­ hand to those who need residential tele­ nificent industry you have inherited. identified in the assessment. Yesterday, phone service but are too poor to pay for however, the House extended the life of it. the FEA and approved a mandate for Beyond that minimum service, though, FEA to formulate solar commercializa­ your customers should pay you precisely PROPOSAL TO ALLOW EXPIRATION tion strategies. The question now re­ what it costs to furnish them each specific OF THE FEDERAL ENERGY AD­ mains as to how much duplication and add-on. Color phones, Touch-Tone, exten­ MINISTRATION waste taxpayers must endure if the sions, long cords, peak-hour calling, fre­ quent and lengthy local calling-each of House Science and Technology Commit­ these should involve an economic conse­ HON. MAX S. BAUCUS tee moves to reinforce ERDA's own solar quence to your subscriber (of which he is demonstration programs through the OF MONTANA aware) directly 1·elated to your cos~ in af­ ERDA Office of Commercialization. fording it to him. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. Speaker, I do not advocatu depriv­ It is in this area of the add-on-assum­ Wednesday, June 2, 1976 ing House committees of their respective ing that your basic service covers its costs prerogatives and jw·isdictions on energy and a fair return-that I can see room for Mr. BAUCUS. Mr. Speaker, yesterday matters; energy is indeed a pervasive more than one supplier. Your service is I voted for a proposal allow the expi­ to concern, as I mentioned before. I none­ fundamental. There are no logical alterna­ ration of the Federal Energy Adminis­ theless believe that a coherent energy tives to the local monopoly franchises you tration-FEA-encompassed more than policy cannot possibly emerge from the and the independents enjoy. No one, to my simple executive reorganization by con­ knowledge, is advocating one. But suppose activities of 17 standing committees and that, for reasons of your own, you elect not gressional mandate. I supported the pro­ posal for two reasons. First, it would 34 subcommittees, each of which spawns to furnish frills over the full range of styles and develops bits and pieces of policy. or price options that certain customers may have eliminated duplicative programs in desire in order to enhance their own basic the executive branch, which would have What may be needed is a joint commit­ service. Shouldn't those customers, in that saved $75 million. Second, it would have tee similar to that envisioned in House situation, be able to go to another supplier forced Congress to reappraise its own Concurrent Resolution 318, one which is who is willing and able to satisfy their indi­ internal jurisdictiona relating to energy comprised of chairmen and ranking mi­ vidual tastes or requirements? matters. nority members of committees which The same would appear to be true in the h ave en ergy jurisdictions. Such a joint specialized carrier area. Your long distance In the House, there are currently 17 standing committees and 34 subcommit­ committee could examine energy bills and WATS service comprise the basic inter­ and energy provisions of bills dra fted by state offerings. If my requirements fit within tees with jurisdiction over some aspect their dimensions, then I am satisfied with of the energy problem. While it is true other committees for compatibility with your wares and need go no further. And if that energy is a pervasive concern that a t otal cong.ressional energy program. they don't, then you've developed alterna­ constrains policy in virtually every area Costly duplication of efforts in the ex­ tives to them-the conventional private line, ecutive branch could thus be weeded out Foreign Exchange, and Common Control of Government, lack of a coordinated approach in solving energy problems re­ befor e the bills in question are repor ted Switching. But, again, these are add-ons to t o either House. your basic service. Here, too, may not the sults in administrative and executive range and price options of your offerings, efforts that work at cross purposes. Another possibility is a standing House fashioned to suit the general public, be in­ I applaud the cosponsors of the pro­ committee empowered to refer energy adequate :tor those with special, individual posal for underscoring the duplicative pr op osa ls-except for appropriations-to requirements more suited to the specialist? efforts of the FEA and other Federal the appropriate subcommittees. Bills Put another way, what I am saying is that agencies. Let us not forget, however, that drafted by subcommittees would also be anyone who wants to offer any competing subject to its examination. A similar pro­ device or service in U.S. telecommunications Congress cannot escape its share of has to come back, finally, to you-and has to blame for dysfunctional and wasteful en­ posal is embodied in H.R. 9345. It might pay you for the privilege. Your concerns ergy programs. In the field of solar en­ be useful for any new committee to sub­ would be more persuasive to me if the dupli­ ergy, for example, we have at least three mit a resolution identifying general fea­ cation you see resulting from competition committees exercising jurisdiction. First, tures of congressional energy policy pro- June 2, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16307 viding guidelines for other committees index of the IAEA at the rate of nearly 1000 mittee would be obligated to read and evalu­ per week. Fully a fifth of them were written ate all documents submitted by both sides. in their deliberations on energy issues. specifically on health, safety, environment, There Ia a perfectly good reason for such Mr. Speaker, I am more convinced applied life sciences, waste management, an exercise. A society must have a reservoir than ever that something must be done. safeguards, and like subjects. of balanced, valid information on which to I sympathize with those who have dim­ Item: In March 1976, an lliinols State rep· base its judgments, if lt 1s to thrive. Mono­ culty discerning a coherent congressional resentative announced plans to introduce a chromatic treatment of lmportant questions energy program. We have a fragmented safe energy b111 into the General Assembly. does not constitute such a reservoir. SOme­ and expensive energy program not be­ It would provide for a 5-year moratorium on how, the goal of balanced Information has dili­ nuclear plant development, and would cre­ to be served better than lt 1s being served at cause our leaders in the House lack ate an 11-member committee to study nu­ present, and especially by some of those who gence in energy matters; no indeed, the clear power and report on its environmental, are calling for more study. reverse is true. The House has worked health, and safety issues by January 1979. In 1960, a National Academy of Science hard on every aspect of the energy crisis, The sponsor of the b11lis quoted as saying report said, "Despite the existing gaps in our as has the Senate. Our program is frag­ that time should be taken to study the knowledge, it is abundantly clear that radia­ mented because we ourselves are frag­ health and safety impact of nuclear power. tion is by far the best understood environ­ mented. This is a problem, Mr. Speaker, ..I think before we started on this madcap mental hazard. The increasing contamina­ that we should tackle now. development of nuclear power, there should tion of the atmosphere with potential have been a study of these considerations.'' carcinogens, the widespread use of many It was ~ful to the nuclear industry that new and powerful drugs in medicine, and this legislator's views were published so that chemical agents in industry emphasize the he, the hearing committee, and the house need for vigilance over the entire environ­ STUDY IT SOME MORE speaker could be apprised of the immense ment. Only With regard to radiation has universe of knowledge about nuclear power. there been determination to m.inimlze the There is a problem, however, of undoing risk at almost any cost." HON. JOHN B. ANDERSON in the public mind what the newspaper did This superior position has been maintained through to today. It 1s not so much that OF ILLXNOIS with the orlginal headline and article. The headline said, "Report on Nuclear Safety additional studies be made, but that there IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Urged." The article begins With the words, be a knowledge of what now exists. Wednesday, June 2, 1976 "Let's take time to study the health and safety impact of nuclear power, says State Mr. ANDERSON of illinois. Mr. Speak­ Rep ...." The clear impllcation 1s that these er, a constituent of mine recently called matters have not been studied. That is the THE BREAUX AMENDMENT to my attention and interesting piece in only conclusion the reader can draw from Power Engineering magazine written by the head and opening. Mr. Fred Olds, the magazine's senior The question now arises: Whose responsi· HON. ROBERT W. EDGAR editor. bility is it to see that the public is not mis­ OF PENNSYLVANIA led by important headlines on important Mr. Olds points out quite convincingly articles? Should the nuclear industry have IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that a substantial body of information made all media people in the nation aware Wednesday, June 2, 1976 has been assembled over the last 30 years of the amount, type, caliber, scope, and con­ regarding the effects of radiation on liv­ clusions of the nuclear-related research that Mr. EDGAR. Mr. Speaker, I would like ing beings, information that has been has been done? to share with all the Members of the used well to set limits on the amount of Should the representative have taken the House a fine editorial which appeared in radiation that people can be exposed to time to explore the nature, time span, and today's Washington Post supporting the and not suffer any significant health findings of nuclear research? Should the re­ Cleveland-Harsha amendment to the effects. porter have thought to consult a man with Federal Water Pollution Act and calling credentials in the nuclear field before telllng for the defeat of the Breaux amendment. But the cry continues to be made that the paper's readers that nuclear power is a "We need to delay to study it more" and madcap development? I would also like to share an analysis I his thesis is that it is not that nuclear Perhaps there is blame on all sides, but a have prepared of the arguments which energy has been studied too little, quite dispassionate evaluation of the question of have recently been advanced for sup­ the contrary. It is that very few of those balance in news coverage seems to show that porting the Breaux amendment. I be­ who are calling for the studies have it is more difficult to get pro-nuclear infor­ lieve that this analysis provides good rea­ bothered to inform themselves of the mation before the public than anti-nuclear son for rejecting Breaux and support­ information that already exists. information. ing Cleveland-Harsha. The article in question here, for example, The articles follow: Studies are designed to lead to deci­ quoted just one organization's views on the sions, not to delay. In many cases we are proposed moratorium blll. It was a support­ [From the Washington Post, June 2, 1976] tempted to sidestep a di:flicult issue by ing view, but perhaps most readers would not SAFEGUARDS FOR THE SWAMPS recommending another study. In some know that this organization is firmly on the The current anti-Washington mood has cases it is justified, in other cases, and anti-nuclear side. This hardly can be classed compounded Congress' perennial problem of I believe a vast majority are in this cate­ as the presentation of adequate fact to the deciding how much regulation 1s essential gory, further studies serve only to delay public. and what is too much. An important example and avoid decision. Gradually our people Instead of enacting a moratorium, the is the issue of wetlands protection, which legislature might find it both interesting and is scheduled to come before the House today are getting the message on nuclear power useful to just set up the 11-member commit­ in connection With H.R. 9560, a water re­ and are becoming accustomed to the tee to study nuclear power, but with certain sources bill. emergence of this important new tech­ guidelines. The committee's charter would The blll includes an amendment by Rep. nology. Hopefully they are becoming direct it to attend all meetings of the Health John Breaux (D-La.) which would negate a adept at spotting their elected and ap­ Physics Society, The Institute of Nuclear 1972 law and 1975 court decision which pointed officials who continually avoid Materials Management, The American Nu­ greatly enlarged the Army Corps of Engi­ informing themselves on the issues and clear Society, and others of simllar nature. neers' power to regulate dredging and filling instead call for study after study. There would be compulsory attendance at in the nation's marshes, swamps and other symposia of national laboratories, and at ecologically priceless wetland areas. The At this point in the RECORD I insert institutes abroad. Corps expanded program has not yet taken the Power Engineering editorial for my It would be required that a listing be made effect. However, some of that agency's own colleagues perusal: of all major repositories of nuclear studies, comments have helped to stir up fears that NUCLEAR POWER ENGINEERING: ANALYSIS OF articles, and hearings. An estimate of the the Army intends to assert control over farm TRENDS IN POLICY AND TECHNOLOGY number of documents should be compiled, ponds, rice paddies and every other damp spot " ... study it some more." perhaps only to the nearest million, and an on the continent. The Breaux amendment is Item: By the end of 1960, more than 24,000 appropriate number of them should be read. meant to preclude such excesses by slash­ articles had been published on the biological On this basis, the committee should be re­ ing back the Corps' authority to about its effects of radiation. quired to list and describe fully the areas of pre-1972 scope. Item: On November 10, 1970, the millionth nuclear health and safety that had not come As a reaction to alleged regulatory over­ document of nuclear interest was fed into under scrutiny, and to demonstrate some kill, the Breaux amendment is in several im­ the Nuclear Documentation System of the reasonable understanding of any areas that portant respects an exercise in heavy-handed­ Commission of the European CoiillD.unitles. it felt had been slighted. ness itself. It would leave m1111ons of acres I tem : By the end of 1974, nuclear aocu­ Where there are claims and counterclaims, of important wetlands open to exploitation ments were being fed into the INIS Atom- such as those over waste disposal, the com- and possible ruin. It would limit the Corps' 16308 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 2, 1976 jurisdiction so arbitrarily that in some cases REBUTTAL TO THE "DEAR COLLEAGUE" OF Point No. 3: "This will provide needless the boundary of federal review might run JUNE 1 ON THE BREAUX AMENDMENT TO harassment to individual home and land through the middle of a marsh. At the same H.R. 9560 owners, agriculturists, builders and many time, because no hearings were held on the Point No. 1: "The Breaux language simply private citizens to a degree never intended by measure, its relation to other water pollution restores the historic definition of navigable Congress." control laws is unclear. Some allege that it waters, reversing a broad and sweeping Court Rebuttal: It is true that the harassment might permit dumping of poisonous wastes ruling which defined them as all the waters of home and land owners, agriculturist s, into rivers and lakes that serve as public of the United States." builders, and many private citizens was water supplies. Others claim that, to the con­ Rebuttal: The Breaux Amendment neither never intended by Congress. The Corps regu­ trary, withdrawing the Corps' authority restores the historic definition of "navigable lations of July 25, 1975, do not provide for might bring EPA into the wetlands permit waters" nor reverses a court decision which such harassment. The regulations provide for business instead. defined navigable waters as all waters of the general permit programs which the Corps In view of such difficulties, some Public United States, as alleged in Point No. 1. would use to "the maximum possible extent Works Committee members who backed the The Breaux Amendment completely rede­ relying on individual permit actions to reg­ amendment have had second thoughts. Rep. fines the term "navigable waters" to roll ulate only those environmentally significant Jim Wright (D-Tex.), for one, has been try­ back authority the Corp.s of Engineers had activities." (33 FCR-Part 209 Administrative ing to marshal support for modifying the to issue permits for the discharge of dredg­ Procedure.) The terms "dredged material" Breaux language or postponing the Corps ing and filling material into navigable waters and "fill material" would not be included program until a study has been made. There even befoce the "broad and sweeping Court as "materials produced in normal farming, has also been some discussion of giving quali­ ruling" referred to. On the contrary, the silvicult ure, and ranching activities such as fied states a larger wetlands protection role. Breaux Amendment would take away from plowing, cultivating, seeding, or harves ting, On the other hand, EPA and the Interior De­ the Corps its jurisdiction over "historic" for p roduction of food, fiber, and forest partment fiatly oppose the Breaux amend­ navigable waters and restrict jurisdiction products." (33 CFR 209.120(d) (4), (6) (i) .) ment and argue that any major changes in to include only "waters which are presently For those who are uncomfortable with the existing program would be premature. used, or are susceptible to use in their natu­ these regulations, provisions in the Cleve­ In the midst of this discord, Reps. William ral condit ion or by reasonable improvement land-Harsha compromise address both the H. Harsha (R-Ohio) and James C. Cleve­ as a means to transport interstate or foreign concer ns of the general permit program, an d land (R-N.H.), in cooperation with several comm erce shoreward to their ordinary high regulation of normal farming, silvicult u re, environmental groups, have proposed a water m ark, including all waters which are and ranching operations (see rebutt al to sensible course. They would reject the subject to the ebb and flow of the tide point No. 4) . While it is correct that passage Breaux amendment and respond to farmers' sh orewa rd to their mean high water mark of t he Breaux amendment would end all fears by providing that the Corps may issue (mean higher high water mark on the west questions about the need for permits for general permits for minor dredging activities coast) ." This definition would remove from plowing or harvesting, it would have more and may not regulate stock ponds, irriga­ Corps jurisdiction many waters which fit serious consequences such as threat en ing tion ditches and so forth at all. This would the "historic" definition of navigable waters the ecological destruction of up to 85 era of solve the immediate worries without t ear­ of t he United States which is "adminis­ our wet lands, as well as other waters. ing up the whole program. tra t ively defined to mean waters that have Point No. 4: "The Corps of Engineers, in been used in the past, are now used, or are an official statement issued on May 6, 1975, susceptible t o use as a means to transport said this would mean requiring Federal per­ CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, in terstat e commerce landward to their mits for 'the rancher who wants to enlarge h is HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, crdinary h igh wat er mark and up to the stock pond, or the farmer who wants t o Washington, D.C., June 2, 1976. head of navigation as determined by the deepen an irrigation ditch ... or ... prot ect DEAR CoLLEAGUE: If no reasonable and en ­ Chief of Engineers, a n d also waters that are his land from stream erosion.' " vironmentally sound compromise is ach ieved subject to the ebb and flow of the tide Rebut tal: The Corps of Engineers issued a on the House floor on Sect ion 17 of H .R. 9560, shoreward t o their mea n high water mark press release on May 6, 1975 which stated th a t known as the Breaux Amendment, I intend (mean higher high water mark on the Pa­ "Under some of the proposed regulations, to introduce an amendment to st rike the cific Coast ) ." (33 CFR 209.120(d) (1)). Federal permits may be required by the entire section. The Breaux Amendment r ep­ Secon dly, no Court defined navigable rancher who wants to enlarge his st ock resents a giant step backward in achieving waters as "waters of the United States, as pond ..." The Corps has disavowed this press the goals of the Federal Wat er Pollution claimed in the second part of point No. 1. release of having any applicability to the pres­ Control Act. I t was defined by the United States Con­ ent status of the 404 controversy. The release The Breaux Amendment '"as approved ln gress. The Court was only enforcing the was labeled "ridiculous" by Victor Veysey, a Committee based both upon a distorted and letter and intent of P.L. 92-500, the "Federal former colleague, and civilian head of the unreliable assessment of the ctu·rent Corps Water Pollution Control Act" in which the Corps of Engineers. Despite its gross distor­ of Engineers' section 404 per mit program. and Section 404 permit program was established. tion as a description of the July 25th Corps the letter and intent of t he Corps' July '-?5 , The definition which the Court enforced regulations, the statements in this press re­ 1976 regulations. (NRDC vs. Callaway) appears in Title V of lease surface repeatedly, including during t he In a previous communication, I invit ed y-Ju t he Act : markup session on H.R. 9560 when the Breaux to review the transcripts of t he m arkup s~s­ "(7) The term 'navigable waters' means Amendment was introduced, as ammunition sion at which the Breaux amendmen t was t he wat ers of the United States including for those who wish to torpedo the 404 per­ adopted, to judge for yourself h ow the 404 the t err itorial seas." (33 USC 1362 (7)) mit program. The July 25th regulat ions program was misrepresented . But thanks to T h ere is sufficient legislative history to clearly preclude material resulting from nor­ a "Dear Colleague" we received yesterda est ablish that the broad definition of "navi­ mal fa1·ming, silvaculture, or ranching opera­ signed by 16 of my colleagues on the Com ­ gab le wat ers" was the intent of Congress. t ions from being considered as dredge or fill. mittee, a review of the transcript is unn eces ­ And clearly, it is not the result of a Court Your office may have been bombarded by sary. One need only to review the st atements ruling, as suggested in point No. 1. communications from farmers in your dist rict in this letter to underst and the magnitude Point No. 2: "Unless that Court ruling is 'tu·ging you to support the Breaux amend­ of misinformation about t he 404 program.. set aside, the Army Corps of Engineers must ment, as a result of this absurd press release Every one of the cosigners of this lett~r require every citizen to ·get a formal permit and similar communications which misrepre­ voted for the Breaux amendment, so it is before performing any earth moving work easy to understand how such an environ­ sent t he 404 permit program. near inland lakes and tributaries. It is this The Cleveland-Harsha compromise would mental nightmare as Sect ion 17 could be which we seek to avoid." approved by a majority of the Public Works place the letter and intent of the Corps' July Rebuttal: The 404 permit program does 25th regulations into law with language that : and Transportation Committee. It is clear not require formal, or for that matter, any to me that the voting majorit y expressed "No permit shall be required under t his permits tor earth moving work "near inland section, or section 402 of this Act, for dis­ their will based upon similarly disputable lakes and tributaries." The mandate of the information, which I hope to correct here. charges of dredged or fill material- Att.ached is my rebuttal, point by point, 404 permit program reads as follows: ( !) resulting from normal farming, silvi­ to the seven points ra,ised in this letter. I "The Secretary of the Army, acting culture, and ranching activities, such as have taken the time to quote liberally from t11rough the Chief of Engineers, may issue plowing, cultivating, seeding, and harvesting permits, after notice and opportunity for for the production of food, fiber, and forest the law, regulations, and other materials public hearings for the discharge of dredged which have been distorted both by this June or fill material into the navigable waters at products; 1 letter and by other communications which specified disposal sites ..." (2) placed for the purpose of maintenance, support Section 17. including emergency reconstruction of re­ Clearly, the program deals only with the cently damaged parts, of currently service- With all respect to my colleagues on the discharge of material into navigable waters Committee who signed on that letter, I hope (defined as t he waters of the United States able structures such as dikes, dams, levees, t hat my rebuttal will be helpful to all who in Section 502}. For discharges into waters, groins, rlprap, breakwaters, causeways, and are confused by this very important issue. the Corps is establishing a general permit bridge abutments or approaches, and trans­ Cordially, program which would not require formal portation structures; or ROBERT W. EDGAR. permits in many cases under section 404 (3) placed for the purpose of construc­ At tachments. (explained in the rebuttal to point No. 6). tion or m ain t ena~ce of farm. -and st ock ponds June 2, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16309 and irrigation ditches and the maintenance result of passage of the Breaux amendment, torial in the Washington Post of June 2, of drainage ditches •••" and the cost resulting from the irrevocable 1976. The editorial establishes the im­ Point No. 5: ''Later, the Corps Issued a loss of our wetlands. portance of a careful and continual re­ 34,000 word regulation. While modifying _tbe Point No. 7: "A number of well-meaning view of U.S. nuclear technology policy. above a bit, the regulation would stUl cover people who consider themselves environ­ an enormous area. On July 1, permits will mentalists have objected to the Breaux pro­ The particular problem is the develop­ be required on all tributaries up to their vision. They say tt will leave too much of ment of commercial plutonium produc­ h eadwaters, on intrastate lakes, rivers and the nation's "wetlands" unprotected. We tion facilities and the transfer of nu­ streams, on all bodies of standingwater cre­ think most of them are afforded protection clear technology in a world that does not ated by impounding, and all areas that are under the Coastal Zone Management Act. provide adequate assurances against periodically inundated. How often ,is "peri­ Tbe Breaux Amendment will retain protec­ either nuclear accidents or the use of odic?' Once a week or once a year? tion over all of those wetlands in our coas­ tal areas and along main streams, which nuclear technology for military purposes. Rebuttal: Point No. 5 gives the impression Mr. Speaker, I consider the issue of t hat the Corps of Engineers' regulations are was what Congress originally intencied. Some arbitrary and non-specific. It implies that states protect other "wet lands" within their the spread of nuclear technology an issue terms such as "periodic" are not defined, and borders." of enormous importance today even in by innuendo, implies that the entire set of Rebuttal: The wetlands are not guaran­ the infancy of the industry. It is a con­ teed protection under the Coastal Zone cern that will grow in importance as the regulations is of questionable credibilit y. Tbe Management Act. In fact, EPA estimates truth is they are the result of creative work t hat 90 percent of our wetlands are not use of nuclear power becomes more by the Corps in adjusting to a Court deci­ coastal. But even coastal wetlands would prominent. As a consequence, I offer sion which went against it. On May 6, 1975, not be protect ed under this Act. Tbe Act is this article to my colleagues as an oppor­ the Corps published four sets of alternative not a regula tory program. It does provide tunity to ponder this very important regulations. Over 4500 comment s were re­ mon ey to states meeting certain conditions ceived and evaluated by the Corps. The July matter: for the purpose of producing state plans THE PLUTONIUM CASE 25th regulat ions are sensitive to many ~d­ governing coastal zones. A state could use verse reactions to the original alt ernative To begin the commercial production of this money to establish a regulatory pro­ plutonium as a fuel for nuclear reactors is regulations. The citation that t he regulations gram ; however, I understand that few do. con sist of 34,000 words are u sed in a negati"~e an ilnmense and portentous national deci­ Discharges of dredge and fill material sion. Once made, it will probably prove ir­ sense. Tbe issue is very com plex, so 1t would remain under Corps' jurisdiction if shouldn't be surprising t hat regulation s of reversible. The Nuclear Regulatory Commis­ they occur below the mean high water mark. sion has been preparing to issue licenses for t his type are "wordy" or may even contain Bu t there is no clear line separating lands some flaws. However, for purposes of argu­ plutonium fuels, on an interim basis, while above and below the mean high tide. A dis­ it continued to work on the final draft of the ment "periodic" is defined in the regulations, charge of pollutants above the mean high altho~gh indirectly, as wat ers which are "in­ environmental impact statement. Several tide could leach through to water and land public interest organizations-led by the undated 25 % of the time an d is derived by below the mean high tide. The Department a flow-durat ion curve for the particular wat er Natural Resources Defense Council and the of Justice, in opposing the Breaux Amend­ Sierra Club-challenged this hurry-up pro­ body that is based on available water stage ment, pointed out the legal nightmare the data ..." (33 CFR 209.120{d ) (2) (ii) (a)). cedure. Last week in New York a federal Breaux Amendment would create in this re­ court of appeals agreed that the short-cut is Point No. 6: "Aside from t h e needless gard in its five page letter of May 28, 1976 ex­ h arassment to citizens, t his will require an illegal. pressing the official views of the Department The challenge and the decision have per­ enormous permit-writing bureaucracy. ~e with respect to the Breaux Amendment: Corps anticipates it will have t o be issumg formed a very great public service. They re­ "In an y event, a coastal wetland is par­ quire the Nuclear Regulatory Commission­ 30,000 to 50,000 permits a year by 1978. It tially above and partially below the mean will cost about $35 million simply to process and, we trust, other Americans as well-to high t ide line. From the ecological point of stop and consider more carefully a choice and police this effort next year! Tbe Breaux view, the wetland is a unit. If you fill that Amendment will save t his needless cost." toward which the government was drifting part which is above the mean high tide line, more through inertia than any real pur­ Rebuttal: The Corps, according t o Victor the remainder is adversely affected. If Sec­ Veysey, civilian head of the Corps, does not pose. The judges observed that the Commis­ tion 17 were enacted, we might be precluded sion wanted to issue the interim licenses be­ anticipate the need for "30,000-50,000 per­ from filing suit to protect those areas below mits by the year 1978." It is true that more fore it had finished those parts of the en­ the mean high tide line where the fill ma­ vironmental impact statement addressing is­ permits will be necessary when phase III of terial was deposited above said line, but pol­ the Corps' July 25th regulations goes into ef­ sues that some specialists consider funda­ lutants, nevertheless, were discharged below mental. One of them is the possibility of fect. However, at a meeting of the Executive the mean high tide line by means of leach­ committee of the Environmental Study Con­ alternative energy sources of a less troubling ing or runoff ... Tbe amendment also has nature. Another is the possibility of theft. ference on May 19, 1976, att ended by Mr. important implications for the disposal of Breaux, Veysey noted that t he Corps expects Unlike the current uranium fuels, plutonium dredged spoil or fill on fastland in terms of can be easily refashioned into weapons. The that "only a few thousand" individual per­ pollution abatement. For example, soil or mits would be needed solely t o comply with job is simple enough that even small terror­ dredged material that is highly contami­ ist groups might conceivably accomplish it. Section 404. This figure is based upon a suc­ nated by arsenic, mercury, or other toxic sub­ cessful general permit program which is cur­ Manufacturing plutonium involves risks stances, could be placed on fastland adja­ vastly greater than operating the present rently being developed by t he Corps to i~sue cent to a navigable waterway and the pollu­ automatic permit s for certain classificatiOns power reactors, most of which run on slightly tants could wa,sh or leach into the waterway. enriched uranium. Tbat distinction is cru­ of projects. Tbe legality of su ch a general It is open to question whether these dis­ permit program has been quest ioned. The cial. If the cooling system of one of these charges could be penalized or enjoined un­ reactors failed, it could result in a very bad Cleveland-Harsha compromise provides leg­ der the 1899 Act, as revised by Section 17 . . . islative language which should satisfy t hese accident. But the chance of its happening are The amendment is undesirable because it extremely small. Against that chance it is legitimate concerns: would remove much of the authority of the "Consistent with the requirements of sub­ fair, and necessary, to set the health costs United States to protect one of its most val­ of the other sources of power. Every year, sections (a 1 - (c) of this section, t he ::>ecre­ uable natural resources, the remaining tary of the Army acting through the Chief for example, some thousands of Americans of Engineers may issue general permits for coastal and fresh water wetlands . . . Ac­ die of respiratory diseases fatally aggravated discharges of dredged or fill material where cordingly, the Department of Justice recom­ by air pollutants from coal-burning power such activities are similar in nature, cause mends against enactment of Section · 17 of generators. Tbere are now 57 nuclear power only minimal adverse environmental impact H.R. 9560." generators in commercial operation in this when performed separately, and will have Tbe Breaux Amendment would destroy country, producing about 9 per cent of the only minimal adverse cumulative effect on federal protections of our vaiuable wetlands, national supply of electricity. Their safety the environment. Such permits shall con­ which play a vital role in the food chain, in performance so far justifies a slow, cautious, tain such conditions as necessary to achieve flood control, in wastewater treatment, and but steady expansion of the uranium-fed nu­ the purposes of this Act and shall be for a in recharging ground wa~r. clear power system. maximum period of five years. A general But plutonium is an altogether different permit may be revoked or modified if it is matter. If an accident released it into the determined that the cumulative effects of THE PLUTONIUM CASE atmosphere, it would be extremely lethal. the permitted activities are such that in­ Because the stuff constitutes such an invita­ dividual permit treatment is required: Pro­ tion to amateur bomb-makers, policing the vided, That no general permit shall be re­ HON. CARDISS COLLINS commer.cial transportation and storage of it voked or substantially modified without raises difficulties to which no one has any opportunity for public hearings." (The full OF ILLINOIS very satisfactory answers. The court's deci­ t ext of the Cleveland-Ha.rsha compromise IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sion means that there will be no licenses can be found on page 15539 o! the Record, Wednesday, June 2, 1976 for the commercial production of fuels con­ May 26th Daily Edition.) taining plutonium at least until after a series Point No. 6 fails w gauge the needless cost Mrs. COLLINS of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, of hearings beginning next fall and running of t.he loss of cleaning up our waters as a I recently read an extremely good edi- well into next year. The effect is to turn the 16310 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 2, 1976 decision over to the next admlnistration and incomes of more -than $200,000 paid no iax preference-as defined in section 57 to an elected President. That is a.Il to the Federal income taxes for 19'Z4. The 220 of the tax code---shewn in the return. good. returns are only the visible top of a huge The chief items of tax preferences listed The 1mpact of this delay on American iceberg. Many returns with large ad­ in section 57 which would be taken into energy production wm be zero. The use of plutonium Is the one area of national energy justed gross incomes produced a small, account are the following: one-half of policy in which it costs the country nothing but not a zero, tax. If a return with an net long-term capital gains, percentage to postpone a decision indefinitely. As a prac­ 'adjusted gross income in excess of $1 depletion, excess of accelerated deprecia­ tical matter, there is no manufacturer pre­ million produced no regular income tax.. tion over straight line depreciation, and pared to proceed with the fuel that the in­ but a minimum tax of a few dollars was excluded gains on exercise of stock op­ terim licenses would permit. Aside from any paid on an item of tax preference, the tions. The tax reform bill of 1976, as it larger consideration, it appears to be abys­ return would not appear in the ms sta­ passed the House, would add other items mally unprofitable. This country's large re­ serves of uranilnn ore ensure a. large enough tistics of income as a nontaxable return. to the list of tax preferences, such as de­ supply of the present fuel, both safer and Moreover, a return can show an ad­ ductions for intangible drilling costs of cheaper, to last into the 1990s. The pressure justed gross income below $200,000 even successful oil wells. However. investment for interim licensing is coming from com­ though the taxpayer has an economic interest would not be added to adjusted panies that have made large investments in income shown on the return of a million groos incomes since the interest is not plutonium technology and fight every legal dollars or more. In arriving at adjusted deducted in. arriving at adjusted gross impediment and restriction even when the gross income, the taxpayer may have de­ income. The ms now requires the tax practical effect is nil. return to show items of tax preference But granting the interim licenses would ducted percentage depletion on royalties have very grave consequences throughout the from oil or other minerals. The taxpayer for the year if they exceed $15,000, even world. Here we come to the most disquieting may have had a large long-term capital though a minimum tax may not be due. issue of all. Many other countries are also gain and one-half of that gain was de­ The return includes the taxpayer's share debating the manufacture of plutonium ducted in arriving at adjusted gross in­ of any tax preference items of partner­ fuels. I! the United States were now to per­ come. The taxpayers' economic income, ships, subchapter S corporations, and mit American companies to make these fuels. and his ability to pay, must, of course, be estates and trusts. it would sacrifice any hope of controlling the measured without deduction of percent­ I realize that the definition of eco­ spread of plutonium throughout the world. That would put into the hands of every age depletion and one-half of long-term nomic income in the bill will in many government, large or small. a substance that capital gains. Percentage depletion and cases understate the taxpayer's actual can be easily reworked into the most horrify­ the deduction for long-term capital gains income, since only those items of tax pre­ ing and reckless kind of weapon. The possi­ are items of tax preference for purposes ference which are listed in section 57 of bility is anything but remote. The West Ger­ of the minimum tax on items of tax pref­ the code and are required to be shown in man and French governments, in their drive erences. the return will be added to adjusted gross to sell commercial reactors, are currently on It is possible for a taxpayer to have a income. Thus, tax exempt interest, for the verge of delivering plutonium production very large economic income and show a example, will not be added to adjusted plants to Brazil and Pakistan-two autho­ his ritarian states with large ambitions, much zero adjusted gross income on Fed­ gross income since tax-exempt interest national pride and longstanding rivalries eral income tax return. For example, a is not treated as an item of tax prefer­ with their neighbors. corporate executive may have exercised ence under section 57-and is not shown Perhaps a time will come when the world a restricted stock option at a gain of $1 on the return. And the definition of eco­ decides to proceed with commercial produc­ million, and his salary may have been nomic income makes no adjustment for tion of plutonium fuels. The present urani­ completely offset by tax shelters or ac­ the deduction of tax shelter losses sLl'lce um fuel rods, when exhausted, contain a de­ tual business losses so that his adjusted they are not items of tax preference un­ pOSit of plutonium that is the product of gross income is zero. The $1 million gain der section 57 and the information on the radioactive process. A country with a reprocessing plant can recapture that plu­ on the stock option is excluded in arriv­ the return will not generally disclose tonium and turn it into fuel for another ing at adjusted gross income, but it must whether or not such losses are economic cycle through anothel' reactor. The recycllng be shown in the return as an item of tax losses. By necessity, the definition of concept has an obvious appeal to those coun­ preference for purposes of the minimwn economic income for purposes of my bill tries with no uranium ore deposits of their tax on preference items. cannot include income items which are own. They too are seeking energy independ­ While the adjusted gross income not shown on the income tax return as ence. shown on the return of a wage earner filed by the taxpayer. Multinational control of the reprocessing will generally be the same as his eco­ The enactment of my bill will, for the plants is the only sensible way to guarantee that the product will not be diverted into nomic income for the year, it is quite first time, give Congress and the public weapons. But it will take quite a lot of time clear that this is not true in the case of pertinent figures showing how many to work out multinational control. The the amuent taxpayer who has enjoyed wealthy individuals are paying no in­ judges ln New York told the government that tax preference items during the year. His come tax on economic incomes in excess there's no hurry to let people putting plu­ economic income and ability to pay can of $200,000 or are paying a tax at a rate go tonium on the market. For reasons that be vastly understated by the amount of of less than 5.8 percent of economic in4 far beyond any that they cited., the Judges his adjusted gross income. come. I predict the figures will be shock­ are a.ltogetheT right. The enactment of my bill will require ing, and hopefully the disclosure of the the Internal Revenue Service to publish figures will hasten the day of the enact­ each year the following information with ment of tax reform which will insure respect to returns showing economic in­ BILL TO REQUIRE ms TO PUBLISH that every wealthy individual will pay a THE INCOME IN EXCESS OF $200,000 comes in excess of $200,000: first, the reasonable and fair amount of tax on his number of such returns which showed no income. regular income tax payable; second, the HON. SAM GIBBONS number of returns where the regular in­ OF FLORIDA come tax payable was less than 5.8 per­ MRS. SPELLMAN ADDRESSES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cent of economic income. The rate of 5.8 DISNEY-BELL POST 66 percent is a little less than the rate of Wednesday, June 2, 1976 the social security tax the poorest work­ Mr. GIDBONS. Mr. Speaker, I have to­ man in our land now pays on his wages. HO . GLADYS NOON SPELLMAN day introduced a bill to require the In­ The payment of a minimum tax on items OF MARYLAND ternal Revenue Service to publicize for of tax preferences is not treated, under IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES my bill, as the payment of a regular in­ each year the number of individuals with Wednesday, June 2, 1976 economic incomes in excess of $200,000 come tax, but the ms would be free, of who paid little or no Federal income course, to reveal how many returns Mrs. SPELLMAN. Mr. Speaker, it was taxes. showed a minimum tax and the percent my honor to have had the opportunity We have just learned, from a prelimi­ that tax was of economic income. to speak before the American Legion nary publication by the ms of statistics Economic income is defined in my bill Disney-Bell Post 66 in Bowie on Memo­ of income on individual returns for 1974, as the adjusted gross income shown 1n rial . Day. The ceremony was conducted that 220 individuals with adjusted gross the return plus the sum of the items of skillfully and beautifully and I was June 2, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16311 pleased to have had the opportunity to civlUzation go deeper. They are spiritual. know, there is sometimes a tendency to share the occasion with my Legion They come from standards of right and stereotype and condemn whole groups friends. May I ask you to join me in giv­ wrong. Our society is founded not upon a cold on account of the misdeeds of a few. Like­ ing recognition to those who gave their and bloodless "economic" people, but upon wise, a city can acquire a bad image, lives for their country. Allow me to share a faith in the individual as an end in him­ which is unjustified and often very diffi­ my remarks with you: sell. We believe 1D. people not merely as pro­ cult to change. On this Memorial Day, in our Bicentennial duction units, but as the children of God. Few people would deny that many of Year, we are here to honor those who gave of We believe that the purpose of our society our cities have serious problems. Few themselves for our nation-those who fought is not primarily to assure the safety of the people would dispute the fact that some for us, who laid down their lives for us­ state, but to safeguard human dignity and those who died so that others might live­ the freedom of the individual. of our cities are not what they can and those who were torn from their families so When I taught school some years ago, I should be. On the other hand, there is a that children might continue to be born in found working with our youth an exciting lot that is right with our cities, and there America into a land of the free. and an inspiring experience. I especially en­ is a lot that is right with the city of Because this is the year of our Bicenten­ joyed teaching them that here in America: Youngstown, which I have the privilege nial, it is a time for soul stirring. But let us We believe in the dignity of labor, whether to represent. The city of Youngstown not forget that it is also the time for soul with head or hand; that the world owes no shares many of the problems of other searching. Yes, this is a time for looking back, one a living, but that it owes everyone an industrial areas, but it also has a lot of but even more importantly, it is a time for opportunity to make a living. looking ahead. This is the moment for rec­ We believe in the supreme worth of the good things going for it, some of which ognizing and taking pride in the sacrifices of individual and in his right to life, liberty are unique. our war dead. But in their memory, we must and the pursuit of happiness. Moreover, some of the problems of our also examine mocroscopically and mercilessly We believe that truth and justice are cities can be overcome by instilling our nation, its goals, its government, and its fundamental to an enduring social order. greater civic pride. Such is the case with people-the people these heroes died for. We believe in the sacredness of a promise, the city of Youngstown. For this reason, After all, in what better way can we honor that one's word should be as good as one's I am pleased and encouraged by the cre­ our dead than to make sure that their sacri­ bond; that character-not wealth or power fices have built a better United States-in­ or position-is of supreme worth. ation of the committee for Youngstown, deed, that their sacrifices helped build a bet­ We believe that every right implies a re­ Inc. It is my sincere hope that the re­ ter world. sponsib111ty; every opportunity, an obliga­ sponse of the citizens of Youngstown will What do we see in America? There are those tion; every possession, a duty. be favorable, and that the compaign to who tell us there is much that is wrong. We We believe that the law was made for develop ciVic pride in our community will hear people say: "America has lost its val­ people and not people for the law; that gov­ be a tremendous success. I intend to do ues." "The government, the corporations, and ernment is the servant of the people and whatever I can to assist the committee the labor unions have lost touch with the not their master. in achieving its goal. people." "People have lost confidence." "The We believe that the rendering of useful water and air have been poisoned." "There's service is the common duty of mankind, and Mr. Speaker, I want to take this op­ no hope-there's nothing that we can do." that only in the purifying fire of sacrifice portunity to commend the officers and Nonsense! These statements reflect real is the dross of selfishness consumed and the trustees of the committee for Youngs­ problems, but to say that there is no hope greatness of the human soul set free. town, Inc. for their public-spiritedness. is to deny America's finest qualities--her We believe in an all-wise and all-loving The officers and trustees are as follows: ability to grow, to develop, to improve as a God, named by whatever name, and that Jim English, president-district manager response to adversity. the individual's highest fulfillment, greatest for the East Ohio Gas Co.; Joe Gurley, America has learned some very important happiness and widest usefulness are to be lessons. We learned that national freedom is found in living in harmony with God's will. vice president-director of public rela­ absolute, that we could declare our inde­ we believe that love is the greatest thing tions for Commercial Shearing, Inc.; Bill pendence. Mr. Jefferson taught us that. in the world; that it alone can overcome Bodoh, secretary-attorney with the law Four score and seven years later, we learned hate; that right can and wlll triumph over firm of Manchester, Bennett, Powers, & that national freedom was worthleas unless might. Ullman; Larry Straus, treasurer-Vice every individual was also free. Mr. Lincoln On this Memorial Day, let us recognize president and director of Sales Promo­ taught us that. once again that it is the moral and the tion for Strouss Department Store; John spiritual qualities in free people which ful­ We learned that when the pressures of T. Smith, trustee-president of the complicated society became too great, we fill the meaning of America. With them will could lift up our spirits and laugh. Mr. Ken­ come endless centuries of further greatness. Greater Youngstown Area AFL-CIO nedy taught us that. And on this Memorial Day, in honor of Council; Jeanne Dykins, trustee-public And we found that when the very system our veterans, both the living and the dead, relations director for the Youngstown of government appeared to be threatened, let us rededicate ourselves to learning from Public Library, and Dick James, trustee­ when the people around the world watched the history of the past in order to build on our dreams for the future. general manager of WBBW, WQOD our agony to see 1f it would cause us to self­ Radio. destruct, that we weathered the storms. Yes, our system held our nation together, and Mr. Speaker, I would also like to insert our nation held our system together. And, the first report of the Committee for ironically, it was Mr. Nixon who taught us COMMITTEE FOR YOUNGSTOWN, Youngstown, Inc. and a newspaper story that. INC., FORMED TO DEVELOP CIVIC detailing some of the committee's actiVi­ And we are learning new lessons today. PRIDE Crisis seems ever present. Do you know how ties in the RECORD at this time for the the word "crisis" is written in Chinese? It information and consideration of my col­ is composed of two characters, one meaning leagues in the U.S. Congress. The report danger, the other opportunity. It is the lat­ HON. CHARLES J. CARNEY and newspaper article follow: OF OHIO ter, opportunity, that is the course that LOOKING AROUND America. has always taken. We will be up to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES it again and again. WHAT IS THIS? We are a people with a faith in each Wednesday, June 2, 1976 This is the first report to you, the opinion other-without that faith, we would be CARNEY. Speaker, a Com­ makers of the Youngstown area, on the prog­ Mr. Mr. ress of the exciting new campaign to develop weak, however heavily armed. We are a peo­ mittee for Youngstown, Inc. has recently ple with a faith in reason and the pursuit civic pride ln our community. We urge you of new knowledge. Without that faith, we been formed in my hometown of Youngs­ to make this regular reading so you'll be would be insecure. We are a people with a town, Ohio. The committee represents a abreast of our activities and can promote faith in the free in~uiring mind. We are a cross section of community leaders, in­ them yourself. people with a faith in God. Without these cluding business, labor, the professions WHO'S ON THE COMMITTEE? faiths strong within us, we would be weak, and the news media. The purpose of the Everyone . . . everyone who believes no matter how heavily armed with weapons committee is to develop civic pride in Youngstown has a future! We're counting on we might be. our community. your enthusiasm and your suggestions and What is the source and the foundation of Mr. Speaker, not enough attention is ideas to make this three-year campaign a our American strength? The answer most success. commonly heard is: Our economic system. being paid to the "Good News" which is happening around us each day. All too The Committee officers and trustees repre­ Now, it's true that the importance of free, sent a. unique coalition of the entire com­ competitive, private enterprise in the life of often, our attention is focused on the munity: America can hardly be exaggerated. But the negative aspects, rather than the positive Jim English-President, District Manager basic sources of the strength of American aspects, of human existence. As we all for East Ohio Gas Company; 16312 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 2. 1976 .Toe Gurley-Vice President. Director o! The $107,000 ($40,000 has already been believers and the reluctant to climb aboard Public Relations-Commercla.l Shearing, Inc.; pledged) wlll be sunk into the production of later. Bill Bodoh-Becretary, Attorney-Manches­ radio, and television commercials newspaper other members of the committee are ter, Bennett;.. Powers. & Ullman; advertising billboards, bus cards, bumper .Joseph Gurley, director of public relations Larry Straus-Treasurer, Vice President & stickers, piacemats and T-shirts and golf of Commercial Shearing. Inc,. vice president; Director of Sales Promotion-Strauss; shirts that carry the message. William Bodoh, an attorney, secretary; Lau­ .John T. Smith-Trustee, President-AFL­ Ira Thomas Associates, Inc. is handling rence Straus, vice president and director of c ro council; public relations and the media campaign. sales promotion for Strouss, treasurer; John Jeanne Dykins-Trustee, Public Relations The campaign is reliant for success on T. Smith, president, AFL-CIO council, Director-Youngstown Library; and large contributions of time and space by the trustee; Jeanne Dykins, public relations di­ Dick James-Trustee~ General Ma.nager­ radio, and television stations and the area's rector o! the Public Library of Youngstown Vt;'BBW, WQOD. newspapers. and Mahonlng County, trustee~ and Dick The first radio and TV spots will be broad­ .James, general manager of WBBW/WOOD, THE GOAL--A. POS:C:XVE Sl'IRri' cast June 10; the first newspaper ad will trustee. Our challenge is to give Youngs.towners a appear June 13. positive, prideful feeling about llrtng in The success of the campaign wm be mon­ Youngstown. Local media are donating time itored by Youngstown State University. A and space starting mid-June for an advertis­ cross section of people will be asked its TESTIMONY OF THE RELIGIOUS ing campaign which Will be the backbone of opinions of Youngstown. These will be com­ COALITION FOR ABORTION RIGHTS the program. But the real thrust will come pared with another' sampling at t"he end of !rom people like yourself extending the the first year of the campaign to determine theme into your own daily communications whether impressions are changing. Hon. Yvonne ra hwai~c e with others. We'll provide lots of tools, but "We think people should be up on Youngs­ you must pick them up and expand them. town," said EngUsh. "Comp&l"ed to the life­ OF C&LIFOBNTA WHAT CAN YOU DO NOW? style 1n other areas. both larger and smaller, IN THE HOUSE' OF REPRESENTATIVES Discuss this campaign with your associates. we have many of the best things- to o1fer Wednesday, June 2, 1976 Make sure the right people in your organ!­ right here in Youngstown. The quality of life zation have received. this report. I! not, send is better, and we want people to realize that." Mrs. BURKE of California. Mr. Speak­ us their names. Additional information will The advertisements and commercials will er, the House Subcommittee on Civil and be coming to you in the following weeks, but seek to capitalize on something that might Constitutional Rights has recently com­ if you ha.ve questions, contact us now. And by many be considered to be a Iiab1I1ty rather than an asset-Youngstown•s middling size. pleted hearings on proposed constitu­ check to make sure your pledge and initial tional amendments on abortion. During contribution have been sent in to us. We The jingle treats it" this way: need your financial support now In order to "There's something good about a small the course of these bearings, the sub­ do the things we have planned. town. committee heard witnesses testify on the Where the life is slow and easy. leg~ religious, and medical implications WHERE DO WE STAND FINANCIALLY EIGHT NOW? "And there's a lot to like about big city of legal and mega! abortion. Broad-based support has been developed. livtn•. I have had the privilege of reviewing Every segment of the community has been With so much to do and see. contacted and contributions have been re­ • But there's more to like in Youngstown." testimony presented by Theresa Hoover ceived from every area. We lack the man­ The friendly in-be-tween town." of the Board of Global Ministries, United power and tllne to follow up each source, so Ira. Thomas, whose advertising agency Methodist Church, and Balfour we are relying on you to come through with­ carne up with the theme. said the emphasis Brickner of the Union of American He­ out prodding. An appreciation folder will be \Vas international, that a common denomina­ brew Congregations on behalf of the printed for the kick-off with all contributing tor had been sought to dispel the notion that Religious Coalition :for Abortion Rights. members listed, so get your donation in now. only the very bfg cities, or the very small, Total pledged funds so far for this year are The diverse membership of the coalition have anything to offer. includes 23 national Protestant, Jewish, $35,750. and $19,050. have been received. To "Youngstown is a refiection of its people;' prepare the tools !or the kick-off fn .Tune and Thomas remarked. "Youngstown has all types Catholic, and other religious organiza­ initJal phase of promotion, we need $25,000 in and nationalities of people. And, after all. it tions. Tbe coalition is unique in that its hand. All contributions are tax deductible, of is the people who do the living. not places member organizations ali hold di1Ierent course. and things." positions on abortion and widely differ­ ~ US YOU2 ~ Thomas characterized the approach as ing perspectives and views on when abor­ 11 you have a pet; project or idea which you "direct. positive." tion is morally justifiable. Yet they all feel makes Youngstown a whole lot of living. The advertising itsell will feature Youngs­ agree in their oppostion to any consti­ write us. Make sure we include it in the town people enJoying Youngstown.. media materials. We are shooting newspaper For exam.ple, one advertisement shows a tutional amendments which would limit and TV situations now, so we need your In­ little girl consuming a hotdog at the Can­ a ·on rights. put in the next couple of weeks. field Fair. Another shows an actor of the I was extremely impressed with the The Committee for Youngstown, Inc .. dis­ Youngstown Playhouse putting on his make­ thoughtful tone and constmctive nature closed today the details of a three-year ad­ up. Still another shows a player serving a of the testimony presented by Ms. Hoover vertising campaign to rid people of the notion tennis ball in one of the city parks. "Advan­ and Rabbi Blickner and I would like to that Youngstown is nothing more than tage, Youngstown," reads the copy, making take this opportunity to share with my a shabby, smoky steelmaking town. use of a term common to the game. With the *107,000 it hopes to raise from Thomas said the television com.n1erc!als colleagues excerpts from their state­ government, the professions and the busi­ will follow the same general line. Weather ments before the Subcommittee on Civil ness community, the committee will tell the permitting, they will be shot this week. and Constitutional Rights: world Youngstown's virtues with the printed The radio and television commercials will EXCERPTS FRoM TH:F! STATEMENT OF THERESA word, over the radio, on television screens be presented in various lengths, the jingle HOOVER ON BEHALF OF THE RELIGIOUS CoA­ and even musically. presenting the message in each. The jingle LITION FOR ABORTION RmHTS "The purpose is to increase civic pride in was produced by Opus III to lyrics wl"ltten J'llEEDOM OF REL1G10N our community," said the president of the by Steve Sperry and has the pleasant lilt of None of our member groups would wish committee, H. .James English- "We hope to a folk tune. expose people to the variety o! fa.c.lllties and to impose its teachings concerning abortion The project grew out of an idea of Martin on the other individuals or religious groups, components that make our area unusuaL We Haber, president of the Youngstown. Board will show those facilities through the people and we do not wish to have the teachings of Trade. A board committee explored Its of another :religion on this matter imposed who use them, and make them come alive." posslbfllties, leading to the forma.tion of English, who is Youngstown d1v1s1on Jnan- Com.m1ttee for Youngstown, In<:. on us thro-ugh law. We believe this to be a.ger of the East Ohio Gas Co., and other offi­ e§enttal !or the preservation 0'! the princi- The committee took its ideas to industry, ples of the First Amendment-that "Con­ cers and trustees of the Committee for labor, the business community, the profes­ Youngstown outlined the program. this morn­ sions and the media, solicltlng money for gress shall make no law respecting an es­ ing at a breakfast at Ramada Inn. tablishment of religion or permftting the tree their Implementation. exercise thereof". The campaign has all the elements· to at­ Thomas sald some segments of the com­ tain the high visibility necessary to the suc­ munity adopted the project enthusiastically, THE BEGINNINGS OF LIFC cess ~such a promotion. but "others weren't quite so frisky.', Our opposition to the proposed constitu­ It has a motto ("Greater Youngstown. It's He sald some adopted a •'Watt-and-see" tional amend.Inents stems for the recogni­ a Whole Lot of Livin' "), a symbol (a red attitude, which he characterized' as an atti­ tion that the question most basic to the heart cradled in the fork of a capital Y) and tude that has too long prevailed in matters abortion debate is the question of when life a neatly executed jingle that'll give "Cleve­ of Youngstown and its people. begins. \Ve believe this to be above all a land's a Great Place to Live" a run for 'the He said he hoped the success of the pro­ theological question on which each denom­ money any old day. motion would persuade some of the dis- ination or faith group must be permitted to June 2, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16313 establish and follow its own teachings, but to perform a safe abortion in this country, this scriptural passage against destroying must not be allowed to impose them through disguising the operation under any number the unborn fetus. Clea.rly, and here the law on society at large. of acceptable and medically-sound euphe­ major rabbinic commentators on the Bible and Christianity have dtlfering misms for abortion. Lower income women, agree, the one who was responsible is not interpretations on the beginnings of Ufe, and on the other hand, unable to travel and lack­ culpable for murder, since the unborn fetus within Christianity there are also divergent ing access to local facilities, will either bear is not considered a person. beliefs on this point. an unwanted child or resort to paying Despite this plethora of evidence from It is not for any of us to evaluate these exorbitant prices for the services of an un­ Judaism recognizing the legality of abortion, theories of llfe, nor to judge which is most scrupulous abortionist under totally unsafe Orthodox Jewish authorities have taken and credible or valid. To do so in any debate conditions. continue to hold a negative view towards would' be to insult those of us who hold any REDUCING THE NEED FOR ABORTION abortion. Indeed, most Orthodox pro­ of these beliefs. And yet enactment of a con­ hibit this act, except in such special instances stitutional amendment embodying one the­ Our member organizations are actively in­ volved in seeking to insure that the need as when a woman 1s impregnated through ory of life would be far more than an insult: rape or incest or when it is clear that con­ it would constitute the denial of one of our for abortion is reduced, by advocating re­ sponsible family planning and working for tinuation of pregnancy to birth would con­ most basic freedoms--the right to practice stitute a clear danger to the life and/or our religions freely. the development of support services, such as improved health care for the poor and in­ health of the mother. PRIVACY AND DECISION-MAKING creased child care for those women who must SPECIAL HEALTH CONCERNS OF THE JEWISH Many Protestant denominations have a work to support their fa.mllies and those who COMMUNITY strong tradition of advocating individual re­ choose to pursue careers whlle st111 having While Jewish law teaches a reverent and sponsibllity in matters concerning family, young children at home. Most of our mem­ responsible attitude to the question of llfe sexuality, and community. This derives from bers encourage their constituents to adopt and thus views abortion with great concern, their belief that God, through Jesus, en­ and practice those values which are most reasons affecting basic llfe and health may courages the freedom of humans to exercise conducive to achieVing a society where abor­ sanction or even require therapeutic abor­ responsibility and make responsible personal tions will not be necessary. tion. Were the bellefs of another rellglon decisions. CONCERN FOR ECUMENISM concerning abortion to be enacted into law, For many religious groups, the right to our right to follow our religious convictions privacy is intrinsic to this decisionmaking Because convictions on this issue are so strong, and because emotions around it run as we understand them would be abrogated. process. It is expected that a woman, guided This is a most serious matter since Jewish by her religious beliefs and teachings, and so high, we are concerned about the devisive­ ness that would be unleashed in this country women are particularly subject to Tay-Sachs her own conscience, w111 make a responsible should any constitutional amendment ban­ disease-a genetic disease fatal to infants. decision concerning a problem pregnancy, No Tay-Sachs child has ever lived beyond but she has the right to make that decision ning abortion pass the Congress and be sub­ mitted to the state legislatures for ratiflca­ 5 years of age and they die an agonizing in private in consultation with her doctor tion. Certainly confiicts which would arise death. Tay-Sachs disease cannot be detected but Without int erference of other persons or untll the second trimester and thus no the state. are apt to weaken the all too fragile ties now existing among religious groups in this coun­ therapeutic action can be taken until that CONCERN FOR WOME N try. Far better that our energies be devoted, time. Another basis for the support of abortion in the spirit of ecumenism, towards removing GOVE RNMENT RESPONSmiT.ITY TO PROTECT r ights among our member organizations is the conditions which made abortion neces­ RIGHTS a concern for the health and welfare of sary, and that on this issue, we agree to . . . Hard as it may be, even in the absence women. They are recognized as creative, loved disagree. of any theological, religious or scientific and loving human beings who have achieved agreement, the agencies of society have an full personhood. In the sight of most Prot­ ExCERPTS OF THE TESTIMONY OF RABBI BAL­ obligation to seek a path through confiicting estant denominations, to equate personhood FOUR BRICKNER ON BEHALF OF THE RELI­ theology, belief (and non-belle!) so as to with an unborn fetus is to dehumanize the GIOUS COALITION FOR ABORTION RIGHTS protect the rights of all. woxnan, to consider her a mere "thing" through which the fetus is passing. To deny ESTABLISHMENT OF RELIGION What should be their yardstick? this essential tenet of our beliefs-the con­ The coercive powers of the state must not In our judgment the criteria that ought cept of personhood-would constitute a gross be employed in the service of sectarian moral to be applied should be a civil one: that is, violation of our Christian faith. views. To do so would be to violate the one which interferes least with individual Or, As concerned, responsible organizations, we establishment clause of the first amendment. conscience. to put it postively, that cannot dismiss lightly the many possible "Congress shall make no law respecting the which guarantees most the individUal free­ health reasons which would lead a woman establishment of religion ..." dom of every member of society in the free to choose abortion. A woman suffering from exercise of that member's religious, unreli­ THE RIGHT OF CONSCIENCE gious or even a-religious commitment. heart disease, diabetes, or cancer, could suffer The right of individual conscience must grave, if not fatal risks if she continued a be maintained. That right is being chal­ TRADITION OF REVERENCE FOR LIFE pregnancy to term. And a woman who is the lenged · again, and the agencies of the state My religious tradition is one which has carrier of a genetic disease, such as sickle are being asked to arbitrate and decide as revered and sanctified human life for nearly cell anemia or Taysachs, which may be trans­ between confiicting theological beliefs. That four thousand years. During the time when mitted to the fetus, should not be compelled places the agencies of civil government in "religious men" were marching heedlessly to bear that fetus if she does not choose to an unfair and untenable position. across the face of the world in wanton de­ after medical tests have confirmed that the This right of conscience is a freedom which struction of the family of man, 1n the name fetus is affected. We cannot in good con­ I as a religious person believe is worth fight­ of Christ or Allah, we, the Jewish people, science force a woman who has been raped ing for even against every effort to restrict, were teaching our children that the home was to carry the possible resulting pregnancy to curtail or deny that right. a "mlkdash m'at", a miniature sanctuary term. To do so would be to totally disregard where parents and children ministered in the the anguish which women suffer in such JEWISH LAW ON ABORTION house as priests before an altar of God. We circumstances. In Judaism, a fetus is not considered a have always sought to preserve a sensitive Our concern for women's welfare is not full human being and for this reason has no regard for the sanctity of human life. It is limited just to physical health. We recognize "juridical personality" of its own. In Juda­ precisely because of this regard for that that a woman rightfully has hopes and con­ ism, the fetus in the womb is not a person sanctity that we see as most desirable the cerns in her life which do not and cannot (lav nefesh hu) until it is born. (Ra.shi, right of any couple to be free to produce only include an unplanned pregnancy. While there Yad Ramah, and Me'iri, all to Sanhedrin that number of children whom they felt they are several alternatives which she may ex­ 72b) . . . Thus there is no capital liabillty could feed and clothe and educate properly: plore in the event such a pregnancy occurs, for foeticide. By this reckoning, abo1·tion only that number to whom they could devote we believe that abortion should be one of the cannot be considered murder. The basis for themeselves as real parents, as creative part­ choices available to her. And should she this decision is scriptural. The Bibllcal text ners with God. choose abortion, safe, legal abortion services states: "if men strike, and wound a pregnant EFFECTS OF A CONSTITUTIONAL AMEN DMENT are her right. woman so that her fruit be expelled, but no LIMITING ABORTION RIGHTS harm befall her, then shall he be fined as M AKING ABORTION ILLEGAL DOES NOT PREVENT If the Supreme Court's ruling on abortion ABORTION her husband shall assess, and the matter placed before the judges. But if harm be­ was to be overturned or if legal barriers to Our member organizations know laws pro­ fall her, then thou shalt give Ufe for life." block the effects of that decision are imposed, hibiting abortion have never in the past and (Exodus 21 :22) the disastrous and well-known consequences wlll not in the future stop abortions. Such Talmudic commentators made the teach­ that accompanied the former restrictive la.ws merely make abortions extremely dan­ ing of this Biblical passage quite explicit. abortion laws could once again reach alarm­ gerous and/or expensive. Upper income They said that only monetary compensa­ ing proportions. That would be truly hurtful women w111 be able to travel to countries tion 1s exacted for him who causes a woman to our society already overburdened with where abortion is safe, or wm pay a doctor to miscarry. No prohibition Is evident from more social problems than it can resolve. 16314 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 2, 1976 AMNESTY LOBBY GEARS UP have carried their fight to the Demo­ I feel strongly that the new era which cratic platform hearings. the Spanish people seek and which they Good Americans will not fall for their deserve will not come about as long as HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK propaganda drive. While many patri­ the U.S. Government gives aid, legiti­ OF OHIO otic, conservative Americans also feel macy, and uncritical approval to the re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mistakes were made in the Vietnam gime of Juan Carlos. For this reason, I war-notably, putting our troops in a urge the U.S. Senate to delay action on Wednesday, June 2, 1976 position of not fighting to win-I do not the proposed base rights treaty with Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, the believe they are about to fall for their Spain until the political situation there American left is revving up for an all­ anti-American bunk. The American left is resolved in favor of the establishment out drive to bring unconditional amnesty would have you believe all the real heroes of a democratic government--both in into the 1976 political campaign. In its are in Sweden and Canada and only the form and in practice. recent publication, Amnesty Update, the fools went to Vietnam. Americans will As I stated in my testimony to the Sen­ leading proamnesty group, NCUUA/ never be hoodwinked by this diatribe. ate Foreign Relations Committee on AFA which is based at 235 East 49th While some compromise is always a March 24, 1976: The Senate- Street in New York City, outlined their part of the legislative and executive de­ * * * Should take into account that a dem­ political action plan for universal, un­ cision process, some matters of principle ocrat ically elected government in Spain conditional amnesty, reconstruction aid should never be the subject of any com­ might wish to negotiate a different treaty for Communist Vietnam, diplomatic rec­ promise and the concept of total amnesty t han t he one now under consideration, or none a t all. By ratifying a. treaty, with un­ ognition for the new governments in In­ is one of those which should be categor­ necessary haste-because as we know, t he dochina, and so forth. Many of the old­ ically rejected. All Americans should current agreement does not expire until Sep­ line Communist front and radical left find out where the candidates stand on t ember 1976-the Senate would place itself groups have rallied behind this new this vital issue. in the position of imposing a pact upon the cause and, as usual, have enlisted the people of Spain over which they have h ad no usual old and tired liberal groups which say. follow their lead. It would be far better to use our voice t o The NCUUA lists the following nation­ STATEMENT ON THE APPEARANCE let the ~panish population hear from us al organizations as affiliated with them OF KING JUAN CARLOS BEFORE A at last that we Will no longer use the wealth, JOINT SESSION OF CONGRESS power and military might of the great est in this cause: democracy on earth to deprive them of their American Civil Liberties Union. hope of democracy. American Friends Service Commit tee. Americans for Amnesty. HON. BELLAS. ABZUG Black Economic Development Conference. OF NEW YORK Cat holic Peace Fellowship. COCO/ An Agency for Military and Draft IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES VOTE EXPLANATION Counseling. Wednesday, June 2, 1976 Church of the Brethren. Clergy and Laity Concerned. Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, I had hoped HON. JOHN L. BURTON Council for Christian Social Action, Unit ed that the visit to our country by the OF CALIFORNIA Church of Christ. Spanish Head of State would signal the I N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Emergency Ministries to the Vietnam Gen- opening of a new chapter in democracy eration National Council of Churches. in southern Europe. The death of Franco W ednesday, June 2, 1976 Episcopal Peace Fellowship. Mr. JOHN L. BURTON. Mr. Speaker, Fellowship of Reconciliation. created for the first time in a generation Gold Star Parents for Amnesty. the opportunity for the Spanish people my vote against the Federal Energy Ad­ Jewish Peace Fellowship. to cast off the repressive fossilized struc­ ministration was very difficult to make, National Conference of Black Lawyers. tures of dictatorship. A new opening had because I have been a staunch advo­ National Emergency Civil Liberties Com- been created to begin speedily the recon­ cate of the need to conserve energy, and mit tee. struction of democratic institutions­ the importance of the Federal Govern­ National Lawyers Guild. the same free elections, political liberties, ment to create and administer a com­ People's Party. and trade union rights which we our­ prehensive, fair, and workable national SANE. energy plan. Southern Conference Educat ional Fund. selves celebrate in this Bicentennial War Resisters League. Year. The FEA was created by Congress, os­ Women Strike For Peace. But this promise has not been fulfilled. tensibly to help guide the Nation toward Women's International League for Peace Franco loyalists remain intact at every a sound energy policy and regulate re­ and Freedom. level of Gove1nment in Spain. Police sponsible use of our dwindling fuel sup­ Women's Division, Unit ed Methodist killings of students and workers at plies. Church of U.N. peaceful demonstrations have continued. Today, although the need for conser­ Exile organizations affiliated wit h NCUUA vation continues to grow, the FEA has Include: Many of the political prisoners previous­ AMEX/ Canada, Toronto. ly released under the King's limited par­ grown into a contradictory bureaucracy, American Deserters Committee, Sweden. don have been rearrested. and appears to be out to defeat the very Paris American Exile Group, France. Unfortunately, the government of purpose it was created for. Toronto American Exiles Association. King Juan Carlos is an oppressive gov­ A case with which I am very familiar Toronto Anti-Draft Programme. ernment--shaky at its base, undemo­ illustrates the problems of the FEA all Vancouver Committee to Aid American cratic and lacking in genuine popular too well. War Objectors. support. In 1975, Mr. Bob Johnson, who has The War Resisters League, SANE, Under these conditions, I felt I could for years run a Shell Oil station in Kent­ Women Strike for Peace, Women's In­ not attend the joint session of Congress field, Calif., which is my district, wanted ternational League for Peace and Free­ today which assembled for an address by to convert part of his station into an dom, National Lawyers Guild, and the the King. automatic carwash. He applied to the Southern Conference Educational Fund By taking this action, I intended no Shell Oil company for a larger alloca­ are the hard -core pro-Communist personal rebuke to the King. If he has tion of gasoline so he could accommodate groups in NCUUA. With them they have been exerting his influence on behalf of the additional business. He was turned the second line, their peace-at-any­ democratic processes and social justice, down by both Shell and the FEA. then let him continue with his work. I One week later, however, another party price, non-Communist allies such as wish him every success. was granted an enormous gas alloca­ Clergy and Laity Concerned and Fellow­ Rather I sought to demonstrate to tion in order to build an entirely new ship of Reconciliation. democratic forces in Spain that I, as a automatic carwash and gas station less They have interviewed the Presidential Member of Congt·ess, could not accept than half-a-mile from Mr. Johnson's sta­ candidates and compiled a list of candi­ uncritical American support for a Span­ tion. The new station was also a Shell dates' position on total amnesty. They ish Government which simply has shown outlet, and received a full allocation from clearly fear the election of a pro-Amer­ neither the will nor the ability to insti­ the oil company 7¥2 times more than any ica conservative and report that they tute democratic reforms. other gas station in that trade area. June 2, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16315 Despite my correspondence and meet­ anti-Israeli tide. Political fashions lead ANTI- IS THE NEW ANTI-SEMITISM ings with FEA otncials protesting its con­ many to close their eyes to the moral It fs unbelievable that 28 years after the trary ruling, this double standard was basis of our support for the Hebrew creation of Israel 72 nations of the earth allowed to continue. state. The calls for "objectivity" in the could vote for the proposition that Zionism Those regulations state that while all Middle East are often no more than ac­ is a form of racism. It is incredible and sha.tterlng that representatives of nations existing gas stations must abide by the quiescence to heady international ma­ with more than 60 percent of the world's 1972 gas allocation in order to promote jorities and the lure of petrodollars. population could categorize Zionism, a move­ energy conservation, there is no lim.it on I find it reassuring, Mr. Speaker, that ment for moral liberation, as a "form of gasoline allocations to new stations. one of our Nation's moral and political racism and racial discrimination". The decision by the FEA to allow the leaders is fighting the virulent anti­ We must be disturbed at the fallout effect higher allocation to new stations is Semitic epidemic: Congressman RoBERT of this resolution 1n the 72 nations which puzzling, to say the least. It made no F. DRINAN. Father DRINAN has established subscribed to it. But is there also a fallout himself as a moral lighthouse in an from the global feeling against Zionism in sense whatsoever to grant such a large the United States? On March 23, 1976, Spiro allocation to a new station which is sur­ often-dark nation. His courage and his Agnew by implication stated that the Zionist rounded by many other gas stations. The humanitarianism are unsurpassed. dream as incarnate in Israel doer- not really existence of the new station no doubt On May 29, 1976, Representative deserve the support of the American people. had the effect of increasing gasoline use DRINAN spoke to the national executive The country and the Congress support Israel, in the trade area and cutting into the committee of the Anti-Defamation Agnew would have us believe, because of an business of existing independent stations. League in Boston's historic Faneuil Hall. a.Ilegedly large number of in "the three The loophole which permitted this con­ The address, entitled "Freedom versus networks, the two wire services, the two pollsters a.nd their organization, the New tradictory decision to be made and en­ Tyranny: The Jewish Struggle,'' is an York Times and the Washington Post . . • forced has, to this day, still not been important rejoinder to the hatemongers and the news weeklies, Time and News­ closed. and bigots in our country. Father DRIN­ week . . ." Agnew continues b1s fantasy by This policy by the FEA was a slap in AN's words are in the noblest spirit of alleging that foreign aid goes to Israel be­ the face to the independent small gaso­ both Judeo-Christian morality and cause of "the lnfiuence of the Zionist lobby". line dealers across the country; it was a American liberty. I reprint his address Agnew continued his crude anti-Semitism distortion of our energy priorities in light below so that others may share his by alleging that ''Israel has now embarked thoughts: on an imperialistic exercise occupying Arab of severe fuel shortages; and at a time lands, the West Bank of the Jordan, the when the Agency should have been en­ FREEDOM VERSUS TYRANNY: THE JEWISH Golan Heights, the Gaza Strip, bringing couraging conservation, it turned down STRUGGLE about a pollee state in these areas ..." one dealer's request for an increased al­ (Address by U.S. Congressman RoBERT F. To those who are offended by Agnew's re­ location and approved another competi­ DluNAN) marks, he adds insult to injury by claiming tor's request within a space of 7 days. Ever since the completion of Faneuil Hall that "the trouble with the American Jewish We should not have to tolerate a Fed­ on September 10, 1742, outcries against community is that it is utlrasensitive". eral agency which behaves too defiantly tyranny and pleas for freedom have echoed Agnew concluded his diatribe by asserting in this hall. Upon this rostrum have stood that the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai in the face of facts, and holds an ap­ most of the most famous statesmen and B'rith always characterizes as "bigotry" any parent disregard for the very energy it orators of America. "legitimate criticism of the Jewish com­ was designed to conserve. It was in Faneuil Hall that the people of munity". I will continue to work with my col­ Massachusetts voted against the iniquitous It is easy indeed to dismiss these charges leagues in Congress to pass legislation stamp act. When British troops had been as the ravings of a totally discredited per­ to prevent a return to the energy crisis ordered to Boston a convention of repre­ son. But could the Agnew assault on the of 1974. I will work for alternative sentatives of nearly every town in Massa­ media and the Israeli lobby be the new way sources of energy, such as solar, geo­ chusetts convened at Faneuil Hall and met by which many Americans might express in this room for one week. It was on Novem­ their anti-Semitic, anti-Israel and anti­ thermal, and wind power. ber 5, 1773 that the first of a series of meet­ Zionist prejudices? But I cannot tolerate a Federal agency ings about the tea situation was held in As never before, Americans--especially which behaves so unfairly, advocates Faneuil Hall. It was here that George Christian Americans-must reassess the fun­ such contradictory policies, and has in Washington as the first President in 1789 damental reasons why the United States has the long run hurt, rather than helped, proclaimed freedom. And it was in this very a unique and profound alliance with Israel. this country toward achieving a national hall that Wendell Phillips startled his audi­ Several poltical reasons come to mind quick­ energy plan. ence with his famous speech against slavery. ly. Israel is a fighter for freedom in an area For 200 years the people of Massachusetts of the world where the United States needs have been coming to Faneuil Hall whenever strength and stability. Israel is a. democratic they are troubled about threats to their state in a. sea of totalitarian nations suspecti­ freedoms. It was here that the people Of this ble to the blandishments of the Kremlin. FATHER DRINAN AND THE JEWISH commonwealth protested the slanders of However valid these reasons may be, the STRUGGLE Senator Joseph McCarthy, proclaimed their alliance of Amel'ica. with tiny Israel rests in solidarity with the freedom movement of the the ultimate analysis on the moral and re­ 1960's and protested the barbarism o! Amer­ ligious links which America has with the HON. BENJA IN S. ROSE THAL ica's war in Vietnam. one nation in human history whose mission has been the ingathering of its exiles. OF NEW YORK It is here today in this historic ball that we are gathered to protest the recurrence America bas recognized from the very be­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the historic scourge of anti-Semitism. ginning of Israel the undeniable truth that Wednesday, June 2, 1976 We are here also to proclaim the fu-st free­ Zionism is one of the noblest and deepest dom movement in the modern world-the movements for liberation in modern times. Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, in rise and flowering of Zionism. Zionism is more than a political movement; recent years, more and more Americans We sadly recall that neither the holocaust it is an expression of worldwide Jewish re­ have found it politically expedient to nor three decades of Zionism in action in ligious beliefs and hopes. attribute this Nation's support of the Israel have eliminated basic anti-Semitism Zionism is a profoundly held spiritual State of Israel to sinister forces. These in the world. On May 26, 1976, a poll taken conviction of Jewish fidelity to the biblicai individuals, including such luminaries as of 2,084 West Germans revealed that about covenant which links a people, a faith and a half of the 60 million inhabitants of this land in a unique religious and mystical Spiro Agnew and Gen. George Brown, nation have at least latent anti-Semitic unity. conjure up the specter of traitorous ­ tendencies. The anti-Jewish feeling was not It is not for a Christian to state whether ish cells manipulating our political proc­ limited to marginal or extremist political or not Zionism and Judialsm are theologi­ esses and the media. The allegations are groups. The poll, conducted at Cologne Uni­ cally separable. But politically they cannot seldom more than refurbished editions versity, indicated that some 30 percent of be separated. Zionism 1s the mystique, the of "The Protocols of the Elders of Zion." the population had latent prejudices against "elan vital" of Israel. To equate Zionism Nevertheless, many citizens accept these Jews which were capable of taking a violent with racism represents a frontal assault form. The poll revealed that West Germans against the core values of Judaism. Conse­ patently fallacious accusations as fact. exaggerated almost ten-fold the number of quently, the assertion of the alleged connec­ Anti-Semitism-anath~ma to our Na­ Jews in that nation. The average answer tion between Zionism and racism constitutes tion's every Ideal-flourishes. of those polled stated that there were a new form of anti-Semitism. At the same time, a growing number 268,000 Jews in West Germany; the tot al is Tradit ional anti-Semitism denied the in­ of Americans are swept up in the global just 26,000. di·. idual Jew h is personhood; this new anti- 16316 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 2, 1976 Semitism seeks to deny the Jewish people its Theodor Herzl, in 1897, viewed Zionism as halt any support, however implicit, for nationhood. the one way which Jews could escape the the racist apartheid regime of southern In the debate which led to the UN resolu­ tyranny and oppression of the ghettos and Africa, authorize additional aid for those tion on November 10, 1975, equating Zion­ the pogroms of 20 centuries. Zionism, both developing countries and display a great­ ism with racism, Amba&Sador Baroody, of P.olitically and religiously, is the implementa­ Saudi Arabia, stated that he had "no quarrel tlOn of the ancient Jewish hope for inde­ er interest in developing United States­ with Judaism-but with Zionism". The rep­ pendence, freedom, and redemption. African relations. resentative of Kuwait asserted that Zionism, Americans in their bicentennial year can Herewith, I submit the Liberal Party born as a political movement in 1897, is not understand the dream and realization of statement concerning Rhodesia: inherent in the theology of Judaism. Zionism. In countless ways, Israel, like LIBERAL PARTY STATEMENT CONCERNING One wonders whether attempts to discredit .America, is a nation of refugees and pioneers RHODESIA Zionism while pretending to be respectful of living in a nation that is boundless in de­ velopment. Of all the nations of the world, Rhodesia­ Judaism will become the vogue in America a country that free Africa knows as Zim­ and elsewhere with those who want to quar­ America, like Israel, is a nation thatcher­ ishes freedom for itself and also aspires to babwe--probably constitutes the most bla­ rel with Israel about the West Bank, the tant example of anachronistic colonialism Palestinians or the theocratic characteris­ make freedom possible for the rest of man­ kind. For these reasons-and countless and exploitative racism. A white minority, tics of the Israeli nation. comprising only some five percent of the For those who desire Israelis to have that others-Americans identify with Israel be­ cause Israel reminds us of the best in our­ total population, controls the government freedom to which they are entitled as a and systematically exploits the native black country created by the United Nations the selves. Israel reminds us of all the lost hori­ zons, all the broken promises, all the shat­ inhabitants, who comprise some 95% of the vindication of the validity of Zionism has total population. The white minority gener­ now become an imperative duty. If Zionism tered dreams, all the things that we never did that we should have done. ally lives in colonial-style luxury, while the with its religious and political implications, black majority languishes in poverty. is not understood, there will be more and It seems impossible that the unique al­ liance which has existed for 28 years be­ Despite the recent addition of several more individuals who will demand that Is­ token blacks to the government for cosmetic rael de-Zionize its culture and its legal in­ tween the United States and Israel should erode in any way. Indeed, it seems incon­ purposes, the Government of Rhodesia has stitutions. These persons will claim that militantly resisted all efforts toward genuine they are not against the State of Israel but ceivable that this !.riendship should even be reassessed or renegotiated. The only thing to racial integration, and adamantly withholds only want it to be a secular democracy. In a the franchise, equal pay for equal work, certain sense, persons who insist that Israel reassess is the depth of the moral dimen­ sions of the relationship between the United and adequate educational opportunities conform itself to their own concepts of a from blacks. value-free government are unwittingly rob­ States and Israel. Those dimensions are pro­ found, perpetual and pervasive. Our commit­ Indeed, the present Government of Rho­ bing Israel of its heritage and despoiling it desia came to power in 1965 by unilaterally of its most precious legacy. Indeed, any for­ ment and promise to Israel was made before America's policy of the containment of com­ declaring independence from Great Britain mal call for Israel to disassociate itself from in order to forestall Britain's endeavors to Zionism ic; a violation of .Article I of the munism was formulated. America's commit­ ment to Israel has remained unquestioned develop a multiracial political system. This Charter of the United Nations, which is to dictatorial 1·egime has diplomatic recognition promote and encourage respect "for human through six presidencies and 14 Congresses. In this bicentennial year, let us hope that from only a handful of nations. rights and for fundamental freedoms for all Because of the intransigence of the present without distinction as to race, sex, language the harmony and the friendship which has existed for three decades between America Government of Rhodesia, both internal and or religion". external tensions are increasing. Domestic­ If American opinion follows world opin­ and Israel will perdure for at least another 200 years! ally, a revolutionary guerrilla movement is ion and turns against Israel under the code growing; internationally, the threat of war name Zionism, America will have turned its looms between Rhodesia and the bordering back on the three million Jews of Israel the independent black nations, with inevitable three million Jews in the USSR and every RECOMMENDATIONS ON UNITED outside intervention and consequent danger other Jew around the world. To debase de­ STATES-AFRICAN FOREIGN POL­ to . grade or dismiss Zionism as irrelevant or ir­ ICY While it is understandable that white set­ rational is a rejection and a repudiation of tlers in Rhodesia, ha.ve developed a highly Judaism. successful Western-type economy by combin­ Even in its most de-theologized or secu­ ing Western technology and capital with larized manifestations Zionism expresses the HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL easily accessible raw materials and exploited noble dream of the ingathering of the exiles OF NEW YORK black labor, might be fearful of black social in the . Zionism, even in its IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES progress and majority rule, their obduracy purely political form, cannot be separated has neither a moral nor a practical base. No from that fidelity to Judaism which brought Wednesday, June 2, 1976 society in the modern world can long exist about the massacre of European Jewry-fully Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, I would 95% slave and 5% free. Only a change of one-third of the Jewish people. policy leading to representative government, It is apparently becoming evermore fash­ like to submit for the RECORD the text of a statement issued by the Liberal Party mcluding all Zimbabweans, has a possibility ionable to issue calls for the de-Zionization of preserving its accomplishments and ex­ of Israel. Such a call is sometimes preceded of New York State concerning U.S. tending its benefits to all its people. by the contention that Zionism is an anach­ policy toward Rhodesia. I am hopeful The present Government of Rhodesia has ronism. that the statement is not only read by only one firm friend and ally, the Govern­ The fact is that post-holocaust Jews with my colleagues, but will serve to motivate ment of the Union of South Africa, originator a "never a.gain" -determination obtained their the Congress to take immediate action of th.e notorious racist policy of ''apartheid," motivation for their victories in Israel in both to implement our country's "reoriented" and 1tself a center of internal and external spirit and technology from Zionism. Zionism, racial strife. it has been said, is the Jewish reassertion of foreign policy toward Africa. It is becom­ ing clear that the present administra­ The Liberal Party of New York State com­ manhood. Zionism demonstrated the inex­ mends the new policy of the United States haustibility of the timeless messfl.ge and tion will remain static in regard to Africa Department of State toward encouraging meaning of the Bible. in the absence of congressional assertion rep~·esentative government throughout In the 3,000 years since the term Zion was of the need for immediate implementa­ first placed in the sacred literature of the .Afnca, and strongly endorses the recom­ tion of Secretary Kissinger's stated goals mendation of the Department of State that Jewish people, the concept of Zion has grown is to symbolize and signify the very essence of following his Africa trip. It imperative Congress rescind legislation (the so-called Judaism. Those who, like Spiro Agnew, dis­ that ~e begin to act on the Secretary's ~yrd Amendment) permitting the importa­ miss or downgrade the essential links be­ promiSes for the developing countries of tiOn of Rhodesian chrome in violation of tween Zionism and Israel are not really dif­ Africa. The African nations are receptive United Nations sanctions. ferent in their positions from the 72 nations to our aid if we are willing to activeJ,­ The Liberal Party of New York State calls that condemn Zionism as a form of racism. a&Sist them in their struggle for self­ upon both the executive and legislative Ambassador Chaim Herzog, of Israel, noted determination and economic develop­ branches of the United States Government in the UN debate about Zionism that the ment. \Ve cannot, however, hope to to proceed forthwith to the logical conclu­ world was witnessing the first organized at­ establish a positive relationship with sion of the new policy of the Department of tack on an established religion since the State, of encouraging a government based Middle Ages." black Africa if we remain oriented to­ o;n majority rule with due regard for the The freedom from tyranny which we assert ward the status quo. n?hts of ~inorities, and to suspend forth­ today in historic Faneull Hall is the very Mr. Speaker, we must immediately With all a1d or assistance of any kind to the essence of the dream and vision of Zionism seek the repeal of the Byrd amendment, racist Government of Rhodesia. June 2, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16317 IMPORTS OF RHODESIAN CHROME either the Ford administration or Congress Census inaccuracies would be aca­ MUST BE STOPPED prior to the election. It is a political hot demic if all population groups were over­ potato in an election year; the President already has felt a backlash in the South from looked equally. But that is not the case. HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN the Kissinger verbal commitments to black A 1972 National Academy of Sciences study-America's Uncounted People­ OF MASSACHUSETTS majority rights and against white minority rule in Rhodesia. found that the real harm in census un­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thanks to strategic stockpiling of this dercount results from "the larger de­ Wednesday, June 2, 1976 scarce mineral, the United States three years ficiencies in the counts of specific popu­ ago had on hand approximately 10 times its lation groups." The Census Bureau noted Mr. DRINAN. M·r. Speaker, the United estimated need for a one-year wartime sup­ States continues to spurn the interna­ ply. Thus American national security would in 1975 that, while the undercount rate tional economic boycott of the racist re­ not seem to be in jeopardy. South Africa and averages 1.5 percent nationwide, it rises ·gime in Rhodesia through the importa­ the Soviet Union also produce chromium, to 7.7 percent for blacks and up to 9.9 tion of Rhodesian chrome. For the past although not in the quantity or quality of for black males. Blacks are four times ·5 years, the so-called "Byrd amend­ the Rhodesian ore. So at least there are more likely to be missed than whites; alternatives. the poor are overlooked far more often ment" has placed our Government in Recent figures also indicate that despite 'the unworthy position of buttressing an than the wealthy; illegal aliens are ne­ purchases from Rhodesia, a major portion of glected entirely. A Census Bureau unrepresentative and illegal govern­ U.S. chrome still comes from Russia. Thus ment. Public attention has been focused the desired independence from Soviet ore, study-"Coverage of the Population in on this important issue once again in the which was a Byrd amendment objective, has the 1970 Census and Some Implications wake of Secretary of State Kissinger's not been achieved so far. for Public Programs"-concluded: 1·ecent visit to Africa during which The U.S. weathered the 1966-71 ban on It is reasonable to surmise that cities hav­ Rhodesian chrome with no lasting ill effects. ing heavy concentrations of blacks have 'he pledged the full support of the ad­ Now there are ample grounds for turning higher undercoverage rates than areas with ministration for the prompt repeal of away from this questionable lowering of much smaller concentrations of blacks. the Byrd amendment. I hope that Presi­ American standards and giving up the Rho­ dent Ford will follow through on that desian product again. The geographic variation in under­ encouraging pledge and that Congress count is equally significant, ranging will act to bring our Nation into har­ from 1.5 percent in the North Central mony with the international community REVENUE SHARING OVERLOOKS States to 3.6 percent in the South. The by halting the importation of chrome 13 MILLION Census Bureau acknowledges that "geo­ from Rhodesia before the end of 1976. graphic uniformity-in underenumera­ An excellent editorial which appeared tion-almost certainly does not exist. in the Christian Science Monitor of HO~ . BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL ':£'here may, in fact, be large variations May 27, 1976, summarizes the need to OF NEW YORK ~n coverage rates from area to area and, 1·esume the embargo on Rhodesian IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES If so, they are of serious concern for many users of census data." chrome. As the editorial points out, cur­ Wednesday, June 2, 1976 l"ent American supplies of chrome are The implications of census undercount more than adequate and our continued Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, in f?r the revenue sharing program are se­ importation of this product damages the last 5 years, States and localities nous. A May 1976 GAO study-"Pro­ American relations with the nations of throughout the Nation have become grams to Reduce the Decennial Census 'black Africa and reduces our c1·edibility vitally dependent on Federal revenue­ Undercount"-found that: in the international community. The sharing funds. For some 39,000 govern­ Undercounts can result in a misallocation text of the editoria.i. follows: mental units, revenue-sharing grants of Federal funds distributed through form­ provide nearly 11 percent of operating ula grants because undercount rates differ REPEALING THE BYRD AMENDMENT ON CHROME funds. The State and Local Fiscal Assist­ between geographic regions. A larger under­ Prospects are poor at the moment for re­ ance Act, with an outlay of $30 billion count will place one area at a disadvantage peal of the controversial Byrd amendment, with respect to other areas less under­ •which permits the United States to import in 5 years, has become the largest single counted when population is used in calcu­ chrome from Rhodesia in violation of domestic expenditure of the Federal lating Federal benefits. United Nations sanctions against that na­ Government. Critics and supporters alike tion. But this does not make it any less agree that the revenue-sharing program Those groups most likely to be neg­ urgent that the measure should be wiped has attained momentous importance in lected in the census-the poor the mi­ off the statute book as soon as possible. our fiscal and governmental system. norities, the illegal aliens-ar'e among There are compelling arguments for tak­ It is not surprising that the revenue­ the greatest burdens on State and local ing another hard look at this particular sharing formula has been such a focus financial resources. Yet States are de­ piece of legislation. It is not merely that nied rightful and badly needed revenue Secretary of State Henry Kissinger called of concern. Small changes in key formula for repeal during his recent Africa trip, or figures have vast impacts upon dollar sharing funds because of statistical defi­ that black Africans will judge American distributions. Clearly, equity requires ciencies which are not their fault. policy-and interest-in their continent that the Government do everything The solution is adjustment of the partly by Washington's response. The heart humanly possible to assure the accuracy population figw·es used in the revenue uf the matter is that the U.S. should look of these figures. Yet there is, Mr. Speak­ sharing formula to reflect undercount beyond its short-term need for Rhodesian er, one central component of the reve­ among the States. In the Government chrome and fix its sights on a long-range nue-sharing formula that not oniy is Operations Committee markup of H.R. policy toward Africa-a policy capable of FuQuA dealing, without a prejudicial pre-history, widely conceded to be inaccurate, but is 13367, Representative and I with a black government some day in Rho­ correctible by available techniques- offered an amendment directing the 'desia. To do otherwise is to risk repeating population. ·· Secretary of the Treasury to consider the blunders in Angola. The Census Bureau supplies the Office census undercount in distributing funds For five years now, U.S. purchases of Rho­ of Revenue Sharing with population sta­ to the States, provided that uniform and desian chrome have been supporting, and in­ tistics based upon annual adjustments reliable figures were available. directly encouraging, an illegal white-minor­ The amendment lost on a 17 to 22 ity regime in that country, a government of the 1970 census data. But the Bureau that has opposed black majority rule. The itself readily admits that 2.5 percent of vote. Our amendment does not condone amendment, moreover, puts the U.S., one of the Nation's residents-5.3 million per­ the presence of illegal aliens nor does the founder members of the UN and a shaper sons-were not included in the 1970 fig­ it alter the revenue sharing fo~mula. The of its principles, tn the position of opting ures. In addition, the Immigration and major objection to it was that the Sec­ out of that organization's first attempt to Natw·alization Services estimates there retary of the Treasury cannot obtain make economic sanctions back up the senti­ are as many as 8 million illegal aliens ment of the world community-scarcely a adequate undercount figures. The GAO worthy U.S. role. Finally, instead of saving in the United States-and virtually none study, published subsequent to the vote jobs, as proponents of the amendment as­ of them is included in any census sta­ refutes that contention. Several proce~ serted, the measure has hurt the U.S. ferro­ tistics. According to a recent study of dw·al changes adopted by the Census chrome industry. the problem by the General Accounting Bureau for the last census, at a cost of Unfortunately, this piece of legislation Office, the actual undercount may exceed $3 million, reduced the undercount by is unlikely to receive urgent attention from 13 million. 2,300,000-1.1 percent of the population. 16318 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS - June 2, 1976 The Bureau is now testing a variety of In addition, Chairman DAN RosTEN­ He says that medical disabilities of ad­ KowsKI's Subcommittee on Health has vanced age were the primary problems of techniques to improve coverage and has 41 % , followed by orthopedic (27%), psychi­ developed a model to distribute under­ already held hearings on my proposals, atric (21 % ), and neurologic (11%) patholo­ count figures among the States. A recent and it is my hope that Chairman PAUL gies. At various times, 98 patients required paper by David L. Kaplan of the Census RoGERS will also hold hearings in his Sub­ 126 periods of short-term hospitalization. Bureau-"Some Current Thoughts on committee on Health and Environment. According to an independent management the 1980 Census"-notes: I urge that both the Ways and Means analysis o! St. Vincent's program, commis­ Further gains can probably be made and Interstate and Foreign Commerce sioned and just made public by the Florence through procedural changes and we intend Committees soon consider my bill and V. Burden Foundation, the noninstitutional to pursue all feasible possibilities. other vital legislation pertaining to the maintenance afforded these patients cost roughly half that of statutory nursing home The most relevant study, prepared for health needs of our Nation's elderly. facilities, which (unlike the St. Vincent's the Office of Revenue Sharing in 1974- In keeping with my continued interest program) are reimbursed by Medicaid at "General Revenue Sharing :>ata in seeing home health care legislation en­ $800 per month minimum, acocrding to Dr. Study"-proposed changes in the pro­ acted, I am placing in the RECORD today Brickner. gram similar to the one we have offered. an article from Medical World News, St. Vincent's Hospital now budgets $110,000 May 17, 1976, describing the operation of per year to defray fixed costs o! the pro­ The report concluded: the Chelsea-Greenwich Village home gram, mainly transport and the salaries of Every effort must be made to achieve the driver, homemaker, and secretarial coordina­ highest degree o! equity at the State level health care program run by St. Vincent's tor. Some grant support for these expenses because allocations at this level directly im­ Hospital in New York. The success of the has come from private philanthropies, the pact the equity of allocations to all units program is evident and illustrates fur­ United Hospital Fund, and the municipal of government within the State.... The ther the value of home health care serv­ health department. Medical services are vol­ cost o! implementing State-level alterna­ ices and the need for such services to be unteered part time by a roster of staff resi­ tives are minimal. . . . The adjustments of covered under medicare and medicaid. dents and attending physicians, With the popUlation estimates !or underenumeration The article follows: hospital administration permitting them to require data that are readily available from A HELPING VAN FOR THE OLD AND POOR participate on a philanthropic basis. Simi­ the Bureau of the Census. The Bureau of larly, St. Vincent's picks up the tab for the the Census coUld develop the details of the A home health care delivery service for full-time services of the registered nurse, procedure and the computer programs with some of New York City's aged has reached 347 Sister Teresita Duque, who is widely known a relatively small investment of time and patients with approximately 2,110 visits in in the Chelsea-Greenwich Village commu­ money. The full cost o! developing valid three years; it has saved an estimated $150,­ nity for her charitable activities. Dr. Bricker underenumeration adjustments !or each ooo by keeping these patients out of acute estimated the cash value of these freely State-area [is] estimated at $500,000 ...• care hospital beds; and it cost only half of rendered professional services at $65,000 a what care in the city's nursing homes would year. If undercount figures prove to be un­ have. Yet, until legislation is passed that per­ No patient is charged for medical services, reliable, the amendment would impose mits the medical and nursing costs to be paid since one of the criteria for admission is in­ no obligation on the Secretary of the by such sources as Medicaid or Medicare, any ability to obtain alternative care. Rent and Treasury to use them. But adoption of hospital that attempts to duplicate the home food are paid for by existing welfare !unds, care program of St. Vincent's Hospital should but St. Vincent's cannot recover any of its the amendment would make distribution be prepared to face large "out-of-pocket" ex­ of the undercount a higher priority for medical or nursing costs from Medicaid or penses. Medicare. These federally funded third the Census Bureau and would encourage Located "in the heart of New York City•s parties only reimburse the expense of out­ a more accurate revenue sharing distri­ Greenwich Village," St. Vincent's was patient convalescence on a 100-day time bution. founded in 1849 by the Catholic Sisters of limit. This eligib111ty criterion excludes Mr. Speaker, Mr. FuQUA and I will be Charity to provide medical succor for the chronic open-ended medical care for the offering the undercount amendment to "sick poor," and the 802-bed institution is aged, who will by definition require it till H.R. 13367, the Fiscal Assistance still owned by these sisters and operated on a the end of their lives. philanthropic basis. Carrying on the charita­ Legislation aimed at filling this gap was Amendments of 1976, on the House ble tradition, staff physicians and residents fioor. In the words of the Revenue Shar­ introduced in Congress last year by New York have been visiting the grubby tenements and City Rep. Edward I. Koch (D.-N.Y.). His ing Office report- grimy welfare hotels Within the hospital's Home Health Act of 1975 would authorize re­ The benefits to be gained from use of ac­ service radius (IVa square miles, which in­ imbursement to hospitals for medical main­ curate, timely data more than justify the cludes Manhattan's Chelsea district), provid­ tenance of the home-bound aged. However, relatively modest expenditures needed to im­ ing periodic medical care to the superannu­ he doubts that the blll (H.B. 9829), now prove the quality of the data now in use. ated men and women who would not other­ pending before the House Ways and Means wise seek or receive treatment. (The area. is a If Committee, Will be acted upon in this session the Congress is to insure equity in typical ethnic melting pot with a high popu­ of Congress. the revenue sharing program, this lation of elderly individuals living alone in The Subcommitt ee on Health and Lon g­ amendment is a simple but necessary poverty.) Term Care of the House Select Commit tee on step forward. St. Vincent's doctors are accompanied on Aging supports the proposed change. In a their visits by a registered nurse and a qual­ recently issued report, its chairman, Rep. ified social worker or homemaker-volun­ Claude D. Pepper (D.-Fla.), proclaims EXTENSION AN ILLUSTRATION OF t~r. The home health care team is trans­ roundly that "144,000 to 400,000 nursin g HOME HEALTH CARE ported from door to door by a special van, home patients should be freed," and urges whose driver is a trained ECG technician that "persons capable of remaining in their who speaks Spanish and Itallan as well as own homes should have the right to choose." HON. EDWARD I. KOCH English. In the first 36 months o! this On the other hand, at a meeting in Washing­ Chelsea-Village program, a typical visit took ton last February of the National Association OF NEW YORK 1% hours including travel time and cost an of Home Health Agencies, an unnamed offi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES average of $105.28. Two thirds of the patients cial of the congressional budget office de­ Wednesday, June 2, 1976 were discovered and referred by nonhospital cried estimates that perhaps 30% of the agencies or individuals in the community. current nursing home population coUld be Mr. KOCH. Mr. Speaker, the National The average age of the patients seen was 80, cared for at home, declaring the figure to be Home Health Care Act now has 116 with two over 100 years old and one (a. self­ under 10%. House cosponsors. Since I introduced this sequestered drug derelict) aged 26. Women The study commissioned and released by legislation last year, support for the bill outnumbered men by 219 to 128. the Burden foundation states "there is ade­ "Many older people would rather die than quate evidence to warrant further study !or continues to grow, both in Congress and be institutionalized," says Dr. Philip W. this channel of health care in different envi­ among professionals and organizations in Brickner, director of community medicine ronments to determine if the cost advantage the health field. at St. Vincent's. "Home health care services measured here can be generalized." Citing Chairman CLAUDE PEPPER's Subcom­ have proved to be a viable method of meet­ the report data, Dr. Brickner notes that in mittee on Health and Long-Term Care ing this need." Dr. Brickner reported on one typical year his home visit teams saved has endorsed my bill, H.R. 10422, which three years' experience with the program to 70 elderly patients from nursing homes, at was reintroduced on June 1 along with the International Congress of the Interna­ a savings in the range of $500,000. "The na­ numerous other bills sponsored by Con­ tional Medical Association !or the Study of tionwide implications," he observes, "are gressman PEPPER's subcommittee. Conditions of Life and Health, Bologna., Italy. obvious." June 2, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16319 WHERE HAVE ALL THE LmERALS medicine men and snake oil salesmen at least, during the hot-stove-league weeks GONE? are among you once more. ahead, he would have taken an analytical One of the few objective columns wh:lch beating. Not only did he win, but he won in such ever appears in the New York Times is a way as to produce one of those classic we­ HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK written by William Sa:tlre. In a recent showed-'em photos: The picture of the polit­ OF OHIO essay, he noted with tongue in cheek that ical year to date is of Jimmy Carter holding IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "There is No Left Left." He is right but aloft the headline of a newspaper premature­ should have said there is no Left at elec­ ly giving victory to his opponent, recalling Wednesday, June 2, 1976 tion time but they surface quickly after the jubilant moment of Harry Truman's up­ Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, it is the ballots are counted. His column fol­ set over Thomas E. Dewey. that time of year when the chameleons lows: With this last note reverberating through THERE Is No LEFT LEFT the forthcoming intermission, delegates may start changing their colors. The liberals get the idea that Mr. Carter has an asset they have always been experts at changing (By William Satire) consider more important than intelligence, their colors to blend into any particular WASHINGTON, April 7.-When Gertrude stamina, character, integrity or charisma: limb they happen to be out on at the time Stein bleakly surveyed Oakland, Calif., she It could be that he's lucky. Of the last four but this year they are really heading for announced: "There's no there there." In the Presidential elections, two were the biggest same way, the results of the primary elec­ an academy award performance. Two landslides and two were the closest squeak­ tions in New York and Wisconsin this week ers--and in a squeaker, convention delegates years ago, liberals were running against lead to this conclusion: "There's no Left reason, it helps to have luck. inflation. Sad to say, they did a pretty left." . Here in Washington, trendier Democrats­ effective job of hoodwinking the public Most of the aging "New Left" has dropped particularly the old Kennedy crowd-are and we got the most liberal group of out of politics; the remainder has joined gravit1i.tlng toward Mr. Carter, sensing 1n llim freshmen in history. Now our liberal ad­ much of the Old Left in the exodus to the the cool opportunism and apparent outsider's versaries are running against big gov­ New Right. Thlnk of it: An articulate, at­ malleability that they find so attractive. ernment and do not laugh, they might tractive candidate like Congressman Udall, (White House joke: Why can't Jimmy car­ taking on Wisconsin's favorite label of "pro­ ter lie? Because when he lies, he grows an­ win. Think of it. Liberals running against gressive," campaigning hard for many other tooth.) big government. They created it. months, receiving help from Humphrey men The reaction to Carter in power-brokerage The liberals do not want to be liberal who wanted to stop Carter, Winds up with a offices and in Georgetown recalls the legend any more. Our colleague MoRRIS UDALL third of the Democratic votes against a field of Napoleon's return from Elba as it was was quoted in a front page story on the generally perceived as conservative. supposedly reported in Paris newspapers. Washington Post-which is not so liberal The message is unmistakable: The McGov­ "Hated Beast Lands in South" was the first any more either after union pressmen set ernite left of the Democratic Party, so re­ headline; a more cautious "Napoleon Ad­ cently in the saddle, is hardly in the stable. vances" was the second; finally, "Beloved Em­ their presses on fire during a strike-as Ideologically, the Americans for Democratic peror at Gates of Paris." saying he was not going to describe him­ Action is down, and the Coalltion for a At this moment the message from Wis­ self as liberal in his Presidential bid be­ Democratic Majority is up. consin has generated a "Napoleon advances" cause it had gotten a bad connotation But what of the strong Udall showing in feeling here about Mr. Carter. Meanwh.ile, the and was associated with big spending, New York, where he ran a respectable sec­ message from New York is that there are big government, abortion, and pot. I ond behind Senator Jackson, while Jimmy some Democrats--perhaps what's left of the would add that liberals came by this as­ Carter was limping in fourth, behind No­ Left-who might even stay home rather than body? Doesn't that show that there is still a sociation honestly and I could add a few vote for the supremely confident man from Left left? Georgia. more like coddling criminals, soft on Sorry: Nothing more Vividly mustrates communism, antisecurity and antipolice, the rightward march than the Jackson vic­ as well as . tory in New York. Four years ago, a sup­ Joe Tydings used to be one of the most porter of a strong defense posture would AMENDMENT TO USIA AUTHORI­ have been laughed out of a Democratic ZATION FOR FISCAL YEAR 1977 liberal Senators of all. Not so in 1976. He (H.R. 13589) flexed his muscles as a conservative in race. Jackson's win cannot be solely due to his support of Israel: He won in Elmira and trying to win the Maryland Democratic in Spanish Harlem, and swept Queens primary in a comeback try. What a sur­ County, which is more Catholic than Jewish. prise to read this banner 8-column head­ HON. BELLA S. ABZUG New Yorkers kept Udall alive as a Vice­ OF NEW YORK Jng: Presidential possibility, even as they gave TYDINGS TO LEGION: GUN CONTROL STAND Mr. Carter the worst trouncing he has suf­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES WAS A MISTAKE fered. But "strong showings" do not a candi­ Wednesday, June 2, 1976 dacy make; in Wisconsin, Governor Reagan Tydings did not change his spots soon captured 44 percent of the vote, and it is in­ Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, I am plan­ enough. He lost anyway but give him an terpreted as "pretty good, considering." In ning to introduce an amendment to H.R. "A" for trying. truth, had the Reagan forces in Wisconsin 13589, the U.S. Information Agency au­ Then you read the May 18 Washington been better organized months ago, a stun­ thorization bill for fiscal year 1977, to ning upset might well have been engineered. place into law the charter of the Voice Post and see this headline: Because Mr. Reagan wrote off Wisconsin LmERAL CHURCH STUMPS WEST WAXING from the start, he was unable to extend his of America--VOA. CONSERVATIVE one-primary winning streak. The three main principles of the char­ Wisconsin may have been the most im­ ter, which governs the VOA broadcasts, That warmed-over McGovernite, are: Jimmy Carter, is talking conservative portant primary so far. Governor Reagan played it safe, pleading poverty, but it was First. That VOA will serve as a con­ and who bothers to read the fine print. not so much a shortage of funds as a short­ sistently reliable and authoritative source Only Ronald Reagan of the Presidential age of nerve that initially kept him from of news. VOA news will be accurate, ob­ contenders is comfortable talking con­ making his best efforts there. Had he gam­ jective and comprehensive. servative. bled and lost, he could have shrugged it off; Second. That VOA will represent What does it prove? First, that the had he played to win, as challengers must, America, not any single segment of American public is conservative. Liberals he might have turned around 5 percent of American society, and will therefore pre­ have to be more conservative when they the vote and headed South and West with sent a balanced and comp1·ehensive pro­ run for o5ce. They revert to type when all the momentum. jection of significant American thought elected. Second, the American electorate Wisconsin's Democratic squeaker killed and institutions. is gullible. It should never fall for liberal any remote Udall chances for the top spot Third. That VOA will present the poli­ fakers who profess to be conservative at and virtually ensured Mr. Carter a place cies of the United States clearly and ef­ election time. Only conservatives can be somewhere on the Democratic ticket. Unlike Reagan, Carter took his chances; the daring fectively, and will also present responsi­ conservative. Sometimes it is hard paid off with one of those moments that ble discussion and opinion on these pol­ enough for them, especially when they will be looked back upon as a turning point icies. get a moderate or liberal President of in a campaign. These principles were originally set their own party in the White House, but Ii' Mr. Carter had lost in Wisconsin, on the forth in an Executive direction issued there is no way a liberal can ever be con­ same day of his drubbing 1n New York, he during the Eisenhower Administration servative. Voters beware, the carnival could have been said to have been "stopped"; which is not legally binding on the USIA. 16320 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 2, 1976 Hearings held last year by the Govern­ It is expected to give new force to the 1972 At the same time, the Court found that ment Operations Subcommittee on Gov­ legislation that extended the protections of Congress's perception that Federal employees Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to had no effective judicial remedy "seems to ernment Information and Individual Federal employees. indicate that the Congressional intent v 1972 Rights, which I chair, revealed that The promise of the 1972 legislation, ac­ was to create an exclusive, preemptive admin­ VOA's coverage of hard news was regu­ cording to civil rights lawyers, bas not been istrative and judicial scheme for the redress larly interfered with by State Depart­ fulfilled. The lawyers place much of the of Federal employment discrimination." ment officials and by American ambassa­ blame for this on the Justice Department, The completeness with which the statute dors overseas. The guidelines set forth in and the interpretations it bas advanced­ was drafted confirms this indicat ion, t he the charter were not being consistently with some success in the lower courts-of Court foun d. various aspects of the legislation. respected. My amendment would add The Justice Department has contended these principles to the USIA authoriza­ that in the ordinary case the district court tion measure, thereby giving them the is limited to reviewing the record of the THE BALANCES OF POWER: ill(ii) force of law. administrative agency that first considered STRATEGIC OFFENSIVE BALANCE The result will be to increase the in­ the employment complaint. ternational credibility of the VOA and The Justice Department prevailed in the to help its reporters resist the pressures Court today on a related issue: That Title HON. JOHN BRECKINRIDGE VII is the exclusive remedy for Federal em­ of policy bureaucrats to distort or cover­ OF KENTUCKY up important factual news. ployees who contend that their employers The Senate has already included the are discriminating against them on the basis IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of race or sex. Wednesday, June 2, 1976 VOA charter, as sponsored by Senator Civil rights groups had contended that PERCY, in the USIA authorization for Federal employees should also be able to ~Ir. BRECKINRIDGE. Mr. Speaker, in fiscal year 1977. I urge Members to sup­ bring suits under other statutes, such as my effort to give a well-rounded view of port this amendment tomorrow to help the Civil Rights Act of 1866, as privately the controversial question of counter­ protect the integrity of the VOA. employed workers may. The Court split on this issue 6 to 2, with force in U.S. retaliatory strategy, I wish Justices John Paul Stevens and William J. to insert the following article, which Brennan Jr. agreeing with the civll rights states very well the case against counter­ groups. Justice Thurgood Marshall did not force. It was written by Robert Sherman, SUPREME COURT DECISION ON participate. who served as Senator GEORGE McGov­ FEDERAL JOB BIAS The first issue, however, was considered ERN's research director for foreign affairs by some civil rights lawyers the more critical and national security during the 1972 in their efforts to combat discrimination in presidential campaign. The article was Federal agencies. HON. AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS "It breathes back into the 1972 amend­ published in Strategic Review, volume OF CALIFORNIA ments the life Congress put in them," said III, No. 2, spring 1975: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Joel L. Selig of the Lawyers Committee for Counterforce is, very simply, the strategy Civil Rights Under Law, the lawyer for the of attacking the adversary's military forces. Wednesday, June 2, 1976 Federal employees in the first case. It is contrasted with countervalue, which is Mr. Mr. "The reason it is so important," Mr. Selig the strategy of attacking the adversary's tar­ HAWKINS. Speaker, I was gets of high human or economic value; cities, pleased. to note the Supreme Court's said, "is that prior to 1972, Title VII didn't even apply to the Federal Government, and factories, transportation choke point s, en­ unanimous decision on June 1, 1976, that ergy sources, etc. Federal workers charging employment for the last four years, although Title VII now applies and you'd think the Federal Gov­ There are three varieties of counterforce discrimination have the same right to a ernment would be moving to comply, they've which some believe offer potential advantages full evidentiary trial as private em­ to the side employing them: disarming first done very little. They've really been dragging strike, damage-limiting counterforce, and re­ ployees. Up to now the courts only ren­ their feet." dered decisions on the basis of the com­ strained counterforce. OTHER CASES AFFECTED Disarming first strike consists of a coun­ plaint file developed by the defendant According to Mr. Selig, several hundred terforce attack sufficient to reduce the ad­ agency. Civil Service Commission griev­ pending cases could be affected by today's versary's total retaliatory capab111ty to a ance regulations denied complainants ruling. level one considers tolerable.1 the right to conduct their own eviden­ The lawyers committee, and the N.A.A.C.P. The italicized word total is of critical im­ tiary investigations. Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc., portance. The damage wrought by a nuclear The Subcommittee on Equal Oppor­ have been involved in much of the litigation. detonation of a given yield, composition. tunities has been involved in a thorough The N.A.A.C.P. fund represented the Federal accuracy, and altitude is, obviously, in­ investigation of Federal enforcement of employee in the second case today and filed dependent of its method of delivery. It would a friend-of-the-court brief in the first. for example, do neither us nor the Soviets equal employment opportunity laws, with the slightest good to destroy the other's considerable emphasis on the Civil Serv­ Justice Potter Stewart wrote the Court's opinion in both cases, and in each rested ICBMs on an initial strike, only to have the ice Commission's role in administering the ruling on the words of the statute and on victim retaliate by destroying the aggressor's the job bias protections for Federal em­ legislative history. society by means of SLBMs and manned ployees. Our review to date has revealed bombers. Title VII is the basic civil rights era guar­ The concept of a "disarming first strike" that Federal employees are denied the antee of equal employment opportunity. It basic rights private employees have a gainst only one or two elements of an ad­ prohibits discrimination based on race, color, versary's triad would be a contradiction in under title VII, and that systemic dis­ reliigon, sex or national origin. terms, analogous to a "ll!e-saving" operation crimination pervades employment in the In the debates leading up to the 1972 in which a surgeon removes a cancerous lung Federal Government. Employment prac­ amendments to the civil rights act, Justice from a patient known to be on the verge of tice::; of most agencies keep minorities Stewart said one of the central themes was death from incurable brain and bone can­ and women in lower paying, less respon­ "Federal employees' lack of adequate inter­ cers. The benefits from the two procedures sible jobs in the Federal bureaucracy. nal safeguards against employment discrimi­ are identically nonexistent. The following is a New York Times anal­ nation and Congress's perception of their lack • • • • • ysis of the court's decision: of access to the courts to raise claims of job Nevert heless, a scenario involving a large BIAS Surr PoWERs WmENED BY COURT--Jus­ discrimination." Soviet strike against, and confined to, our It bad been clear for some time, as Justice TICES SAY U.S. WORKERS HAVE THE SAME Minuteman silos has received considerable RIGHTS AS PRIVATE EMPLOYEES St ewart said, that "Federal employment dis­ attention and should be discussed. It is based WASHINGTON, June 1-The Supreme Court crimination clear'ly violated both the con­ on the assumptions that at some point the ruled una.nim.ously today that employees of stitution and statutory law." But, he said, Soviet Union will deploy the MIRV it has the Federal Government have the same "the effective availability of either adminis­ recently begun to test, will make major im­ provements in yield-to-weight efficiency and rights as privately employed workers to have t rative or judicial relief was far from sure." full trials in a Federal district court when He said that on administrative relief in accuracy, and will combine these ad­ they file Title VII Job discrimination com­ charges were handled "parochially" and, ju­ vances with its large throw weight. Su ch an attack by such a force could eventually re­ plaints. dicial relief, there were such obstacles as The decision is a substantial victory for Government claims of sovereign immunity duce the U.S. ICBM force remaining in silo civil rights groups, who have been arguing against suit. to a delivery capability below the level the issue with the Justice Department, with The Court found, basically, that the stat ute n eeded for un:t cceptable retaliation . mixed results, 1n a series of lawsuits around showed no Congressional intention to give tha country. the Federal employee the same right. Footnotes at en d of article. June 2, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16321 Speaking in the context of a U.S.-Sovlet If a silo appears to be targeted by an RV fraction of our present force. Thus, the new confrontation, perhaps in the Middle East. or a manned bomber, it Will be emptied be­ counterforce programs are for all practical Senator Henry Jackson has suggested an fore it can be destroyed. If a. bomber on air­ purposes aimed speclftcally and solely against SS-9/SS-18 attack against our ICBM silos, borne alert cannot be refueled-<>r if its Soviet missile silos. accompanied by the threat of a follow-up tanker cannot be refueled-because its bases In evaluating the usefulness of these anti­ attack against our cities. which he believes have been destroyed, that bomber will be silo programs, I suggest the following: would cow us into submission if we could sent on to its target. First. improved accuracy and yield are not not retaliate with an equivalent counterforce Thus, any attempts to use counterforce for necessary for restrained caunterforce. attack: damage-llmiting will in practice be damage­ Assuming 10 per cent Minuteman at­ The Soviet Union might possess so many assuring. trition due to malfunction, we have 90 per strategic weapons as to contemplate a coun­ A third variety of counterforce is that cent of the launched warheads arriving in the terforce first strike which would employ but which, !or lack of a better name. might be target area. Assuming three MIRV warheads a fraction of its total strategic force. This called restrained counterforce. The rationale of 170 KT each and CEP of .2 miles, applica­ could well leave the bulk of its strategic has been set out by Secretary Schlesinger: tion of standard missile effectiveness calcu­ force free to threaten the destruction of "Since we ourselves find it difficult to be­ lation procedures gives three Minuteman III American cities should the United States ac­ lieve that we would actually implement the RVs (one missile) about a 35 per cent kill tually launch a retaliatory strike in response threat of assured destruction in response to probabll1ty against a 3000 psi silo; we will to the initial Soviet attack. Since it 1s difficult a llmited attack on military targets that thus have to expend about three Minuteman caused relatively few civilian casualties, to take seriously the prospect of American ms for every silo we destroy.4 If Minuteman crisis, retaliation under such conditions, the credi­ there can be no certainty that, in a IIs are used, assuming 80 per cent reliability blllty of the U.S. deterrent cannot help but prospective opponents would be deterred and a single warhead of 1 MT and .3 mile become increasingly uncertain.~ from testing our resolve . . . a massive re­ CEP, approXimately five missiles are required Let us ask several questions about the taliation against cities, in response to any­ per silo destroyed. Jackson scenario: thing less than an all-out attack on the U.S. and its cities, appears less and less credi­ Clearly. we can now attack two. five, ten. • • • • • ble. . .. Deterrence can fall in many ways. or even fifty improved Soviet silos wit hout Would we then lack any useful capabiztty What we need is a series of measured re­ impairing the countervalue deterrence of our we had before the strike, or any capability sponses to aggression which bear some rela­ remaining ICBM force. Available-technology the Soviets would have at that point? tion to the provocation. have prospects of improvements-basically a doubling of yield The answer is no on both counts. We would terminating hostillties before general nu­ combined with a 30 to 40 per cent reduction and the Soviets would retain the ability to clear war breaks out. and leave some possi­ CEP-would increase the efficiency of Min­ destroy each other's societies but neither uteman min such an attack. perhaps t-y a bll1ty for restoring deterrence. It has been 1 would have the abllity to prevent itself from this problem of not having sufficient options factor of four. But since present efficiency being destroyed, exactly as 1s the case today. between massive response and doing nothing, is more than adequate for any "send them • • • * • as the Soviets build up their strategic a message" counterforce attack. and since Thus, in evaluating Senator Jackson's con­ forces. that has prompted the President's these improvements would not give us any­ tention that ongoing Soviet missile improve­ concern and those of our allies." a thing approaching a disabling anti-silo ca­ ments may cause the credibility of the U.S. In contrast with disabling first strike and pabllity • much less a total disabling :first deterrent to become .. increasingly uncertain... damage-llm1ting counterforce. restrained strike-there appears to be no requlrament let us test his scenario by restating it with counterforce does not involve a heavy strike for these new programs. several key (italicized) words changed: for the purpose of reducing slgn11lcantly the Term1nal guidance is, possibly, a ditr!'rt-nt The Soviet Union might possess so many other side's capabll1ty; rather, it involves matter. I shall return to tt shortly. strategic weapons as to contemplate a coun­ using nuclear devices to "send them a mes­ Second, restrained anti-silo counterforce, terforce first strike which would employ but sage," .. demonstrate resolve," and thereby by whatever means. is a poor response to 8o­ a fraction of its total strategic force. This discourage further escalation. viet aggression. could well leave the bulk of the United Implementing programs Include: Certainly we need, in Dr. Schlesinger's States• strategic force free to threaten the (1) Improved command and control and words, "a series of measured responses to ag­ destruction of Russian cities should the rapid retargeting ability. gression which bear some relation to the Soviet Union actually launch a follow-up (2) Improved inertial guidance for Minute­ provocation. have prospects of terminating strike ajter the lnitial Soviet attack. Since man. hostlltties before general nuclear war breaks 1t 1s difficult to take seriously the prospect (3) Higher yield for Minuteman. out. and leave some possib1Uty for restoring of a Soviet follow-up strike under such con­ (4) Increased MIRV multiplicity for deterrence." But what reason exists for as­ ditions. the credibllity of Soviet nuclear­ Minuteman. suming that a. response which bears ..some backed aggression cannot help but become in­ (5) Heavy-payload Trident II SLBM. relation to the provocation" must be an creasingly uncertain. (6) Long-term research on terminal ma­ equfvalent response, that the desirable re­ The shoe fits equally well on either foot: neuvering warhead (Ma.RV) guidance. which sponse to an anti-silo attack must be anti­ After an initial Soviet attack on U.S. ICBMs could eventually provide ICBM and SLBM silo retaliation? (assuming such an attack to be effective. warhead accuracies not sign11lcantly differ­ Consider the consequences of a small So­ which would not be the ease) • each side ent from zero CEP, and on increased MIRV viet attack upon U.S. ICBM fields in support would continue to be deterred from striking multiplicity. of an ultimatum. The ICBMs lost would be the other's cities by the sure knowledge that Item (1) is, to the best of my knowledge. of no military signlficance, since their loss such a strike would lead to the destruction noncontroversial. The remaining items con­ would not deprive us of our countervalue of its own cities. Thus, Senator Jackson's stitute the focus of the counterforce debate, capability. Neither would the attack serve as Soviet "counterforce first strike" would gain and of the motivation for this paper. a warning of a possible follow-up disabling the Soviets nothing. The function of these programs 1s to im­ first strike, since such a strike is beyond the The second variety of counterforce offering prove our ability to attack large numbers of capability of the Soviet Union. The signifi­ some theoretical attractiveness is damage­ hard targets. The term "hard target" has cance of the Soviet strike would lie in the limiting. Under this strategy. once we were sometimes been used imprecisely, in that value of property destroyed and the number attacked by a Soviet first strike, we would proponents of restrained counterforce have of human lives lost; in short. unless a dis­ use our counterforce capability against presented their programs as offering a more arming first strike can be achetved, a coun­ Soviet reserve nuclear forces in an attempt "humane" way of fighting nuclear war, al­ terforce attack in reality functions as a to reduce our total damage to a point which, lowing us to attack "military and industrial" countervalue attack; its effectiveness is de­ even though above the "acceptable" level, targets rather than population centers. fined by the number of casualties it causes would be lower than that we would other­ Their argument is not correct, and reflects and the dollar value of the property it de­ wise sustain. a misrepresentation of the concept of hard­ stroys. I do not dispute that three per cent sur­ ness. A steel mill is an imposing and hard This principle applies both to the Soviet vival is better than one per cent survival, structure if you plan to strike it with your attack and to our response. Our purpose must and I would be willing to spend considerable fist, but in nuclear terms 1t is not sign11lcant­ be to convince the Soviets that to their every sums to that end. However, we cannot es­ ly harder than an average downtown metro­ attack we will respond with a countervalue cape the fact that damage-limiting through politan area; we can easily destroy it with attack of equal or greater consequence. We counterforce is a technological impossibility the accuracy-yield combination found in our can, of course. do this by retaliating against and will remain so through the foreseeable present Minuteman warheads. The same is their silos, but why should we? Regardless of future. true of all Soviet above-ground factories, re­ our accuracy or yield, hard targets offer a low Once a nuclear exchange 1s under way, lt fineries, troop concentrations, transportation would be the height of folly to assume that return on our attack investment. Our objec­ choke points, tank parks, etc. In nuclear tive should be to seek targets of maximum if we place our adversary's weapons in a "use terms, the only hard targets of strategic sig­ vulnerability and maximum economic value t hem or lose them" situation, he will not nificance are nuclear storage depots, com­ combined with minimum population den­ use them. mand posts. and missile silos. The former sity; by these criteria, there are soft targets two categories are sufficiently small in num­ such as oil fields, mines, pipelines, and mili­ Footnotes at end of article. ber to be subject to total destruction by a t ary supply depots that are many times more CXXII--1029-Part 13 16322 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 2, 1976 lucrative than low-vulnerability hardened to blow us off the map no matter what we do Now we !ace the question of whether to missile silos. This is even more true 1f we to them first." compound our blunder by charging ahead include in our calculations the human loss But if they read the writings of Secretary with terminal-homing high-accuracy MaRV. that would be caused by fallout from an Schlesinger, the pages of STRATEGIC REVIEW, Ma.RV deployment, of course, is not verifiable. anti-silo attack of any appreciable magni­ etc., they could very well think, "We know However, while high accuracy as such is tude. our big missiles don't change the nuclear difficult to verify, terminal MaRV tests can It seems clear, then, that our response to balance, but the Americans don't seem to be verified with reasonable confidence-pro­ an ongoing Soviet attack against our ICBM know it. They seem scared to death of our vided the terminal MaRV test is not incor­ fields should go something like this: SS-9s and SS-18s. They keep talking about porated into a test of a corkscrew evasive (1} As soon as we have categorical evidence how they think we have a counterforce capa­ MaRV. Thus, a no-MaRV SAL treaty is pos­ that a Soviet attack is in fact under way, we bility. If this is what they really think, we sible before, and only befox·e, either side should launch one U.S. ICBM for every Soviet should be able to outbluff them by threaten­ has tested terminal Ma.RV or an evasive RV in :flight toward us. ing a nuclear attack. Let's try it." MaRV that could disguise a terminal MaRV. · (2} To the greatest extent possible, we I am sure encour a~ment of Soviet adven­ By the time this discussion is printed, we should try to launch those missiles whose turism is the last thing desired by those will have completed several tests of evasive silos are targeted. Americans who discuss the strategic balance MaRV. This does not present a serious prob­ - (3) Our ICBMs should strike targets com­ in Madison Avenue relative terms. But I urge lem; the Soviets know that terminal MaRti bining maximum vulnerable economic value them to consider that they may be having technology is not yet within our grasp. But With minimum human value. By this crite­ this effect. as time and evasive MaRV tests go by, we will rion, some targets will be military. But ICBM Iu the words of General Maxwell Taylor, reach a point at which the Soviets will no silos wm be far down the list because of "We run the risk of talking ourselves into a longer be able to believe we have not tested their modest economic value and low vul­ s~nse of inferiority which can be almost as a terminal Ma.RV. At that point, we will have nerability. disastrous as the real thing." s destroyed our MaRV as a bargaining chip (4) If, as in the Jackson scenario, the There also is the question of the confidence and insured a Soviet MaRV, just as we in­ Soviets terminate their attack before retalia­ we give to our allies in our deterrent. I fl'e­ sured the Soviet MIRV six years ago. Since tion can begin, we should tell them that we quently hear it said that even if numbers the requirement for and effectiveness of eva­ consider ourselves to have received cate­ mean little in U.S.-Soviet relations, we must sive MaRV are dubious at best, the clear pru­ gol·ical warning, and that any subsequent keep ahead in the Madison Avenue numbers dent course is to suspend all MaRV testing Soviet launch against the United States will game lest Japan and the European democra­ and t o make a MaRV ban top priority at the x·esult in the immediate launch of an equal cies conclude we cannot protect them and SAL negotiations. or greater number of ICBMs following rules their best course is to throw their lot with Let us now consider the consequences of (2) and (3) above. the Soviet Union. U.S. high-accuracy MaRV deployment: (5} We should make clear to the Soviets, A similar argument may have had some Using terminal homing, it is entirely con­ now, that this will be our response should validity in Vietnam where, since the differ­ ceivable that within a decade we can achieve the situation arise. ences between the two competing govern­ the ability to take out 90 per cent of the In this way, we would remove all reward ments in the eyes of the average villager were Soviet ICBM silos by using either a portion from a Soviet anti-ICBM attack, and we minor compared to the difference between of our SLBMs or a portion of our ICBMs, would impose an automatic and severe pen­ local war and local peace "loyalty" could be leaving the unexpended portion of the em­ alty. We would meet Dr. Schlesinger's criteria obtained, Mafia-style, by whichever side ap­ ployed triad arm still capable of acting as a of response being relevant to provocation, of peared most capable of providing "protec­ full retaliatory deterrent. providing maximum incentive to the other tion" against the other. side to terminate hostilities before escalat­ But the argument has no validity when * ing to general war, and of restoring deter­ applied to an advanced democracy. The em­ The question of a U.S. anti-ICBM strike rence. Moreover, we would do it without brace of the bear is not a pleasant prospect would not be particularly significant if the pur<:hasing new hardware. for a nation accustomed to political and in­ Soviets had additional deterrents in which It is true that by permitting reduction in tellectual freedom. Neither is it pleasant to they had confidence. But consider the fol­ yield while retaining the same point-killing contemplate having one's economic lifeblood lowing: power,7 high accuracy would enable us to drained off fol' the benefit of Mother Russia. A. Today the Soviet deterrent can most reduce collateral damage in a restrained It is absurd to suggest that West Germany accurately be described as neither a triad counterforce attack against a small soft tar­ would casually follow the path of East Ger­ nor a diad, but a monad. get. Unfortunately, the same high accuracy Although the Soviets have completed or technology that serves this purpose can also many simply because the Soviet Union has more ICBM throw weight than the U.S. On placed under construction a large number be used against hard targets; the latter ca­ the contrary, by all evidence the industrial of missile submarines, their on-station rate pability is clearly inimical to national secu­ has remained very low. I can only guess at rity, as I shall explain sbortly. democracies would fight to the near-death to avoid the fate of Czechoslovakia. the reasons for this, but the fact is that, It is sometimes argued that, while counter­ This is not to say that the validity of our should we succeed in a first strike that dis­ force <:apability may not be militarily ex­ abled their ICBMs and should we simul­ ploitable by either side, it nevertheless may deterrent is not a matter of extreme im­ portance to our allies. But since our deter­ taneously strike their submarine bases, their be exploitable in psychological or diplomatic deployed SLBM retaliatory threat would fall tef!llls. The argument runs, "It's all very well l'ent is valid and we must keep it so for our own security, and since we are the world well below any of the usual criteria of suffi­ for us to rely on our assured second strike ciency. capability, but what if the Russians don't authority in strategic weapons technology, our best moral and pragmatic course is sim­ Their manned bomber force is even less know we have it? Deterrence exists only in com:equential. the mind of the deterred, and when a Soviet ply to lay out the facts. It is true that the marshal compares his SS-18 with our Min­ military facts are not as pleasant for Europe * * uteman, how can we be sure he feels de­ as they were before the Soviets deployed Today, the ICBM is the only system on terred?" second strike capabilities. Would we go nu­ which the Soviets can rely for deterrence. Such a question supposes that the Soviet clear to save Europe, now that we would If we were to deploy the possible ability war machine, which possesses such techno­ the1·eby risk incineration of our own country? to destroy it in first strike, it is certain that logical sophistication that it could develop The question defies categorical answer. But the Soviets would become more inclined to and deploy a major nuclear force, is inca­ the answer is not rationally influenced by launch on warning, thus radically increasing pable of calculating the effects U.S. nuclear "capabilities" which are incapable of useful the probability of accidental war, decreas­ forces could have on Soviet society. This is application. ing the possibility of restraining a nuclear simply not credible. * exchange short of all-out cataclysm, and However, we come upon a very serious Bureaucratic momentum aside, even with weakening American national security. problem when we consider that deterrence is the best intentions on both sides, the pro­ . B. Let us assume that, by the time we ac­ not merely in the mind of the deterred: it grams forming the focus of this paper do not quire the ability to kill 1500 silos, the So­ ls in the mind of the deterrer as perceived by become more effective bargaining chips once viets have sorted out their SSBN problems, the deterred. I will explain this somewhat developed; on the contrary, full development whatever these may be, and are able to de­ obscurely worded concept With an example: ends all possibility of bargaining them away. ploy an adequate SLBM retaliatory force. Suppose there is a U.S.-Soviet confronta­ MIRV deployment is not verifiable and Possibly they will even have a working ter­ tion in West Berlin or the Middle East. Un­ therefore not negotiable. MIRV testing, how­ rain-following radar. But will this give them less they are drooling idiots, the Soviets will ever, is verifiable. Had we frozen our MIRV sufficient confidence to refrain from launch not think, "We can push the Americans very program at the pretesting stage in 1968-69, on warning? hard; they will yield rather than go to the conceivably we could have obtained a no­ Consider the enormous rhetorical and brink of nuclear war because they know our MIRV treaty with the Soviets and avoided substantive reaction in this country to the missiles are bigger than theirs and more nu­ the entire problem of Soviet anti-silo coun­ Soviet MIRV tests: Our own deterrent is merous, even though we both know theirs terforce. But by blindly charging ahead with triply pt·otected from this new threat; our are sufficiently big, numerous and reliable the program "because it was there," we submarine-based systems have been in ex­ thl'ew away a genuinely valuable bargaining tremely reliable operation for a decade and a Footnotes at end of article. chip. half; we have also had extensive and sue- June 2, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16323 cessful experience with terrain-following 8 Recall the caution in Note 4 above. Even "Ford may have lost one a while ago, but bombers; both of these systems are immune if we neglect the problems of RV fratricide that's all," the judge answered. to Soviet ICBMs; moreover, our own ICBMs and overkill, 99 per cent kill prol)ab1Uty At the West TompkinsvUle precinct, Car­ are well protected by RV fratricide combined against a given silo still requires approxi­ ter took Hughie Barnes gently by the arm. with launch on categorical warning. Yet mately 6.5 times as much point-killing power He asked, "We were together in the Pacific, ma.ny ot our strategists tallt as it we were in as does 50 per cent kfil probablllty. weren't we?" They were, in New Guinea, at fact faced with a disabling first strike. 7 This is hypothetical, of course. On-going Leyte, at Luzon. Consider, then, how the Soviets would programs emphasize increased rather than "Where did you eat?" Carter asked. !eel it we deployed the high accuracy decreased yield. Barnes grinned. "Why, right in the offi­ needed to destroy their ICBM force, which • Maxwell B. Taylor, ''The Legitimate cers' mess." even in ten years wlll still be the system Claims of National Security," Foreign Affairs, Carter was a captain in the 38th Infantry. with which they have had the most experi­ April 1974, p. 584. Barnes was an enlisted man in the 11th ence and probably the only one with which Airborne. When they ran across each other they will feel comfortable. in the Pacific, the captain took his home We cannot, of course, quantify the proba­ town friend right to the officers' table. bility that a massive U.S. counter-silo cap­ NOT EVERYTHING IS RELATIVE Kenny Carter-"a cousin of mine"-was ability would cause the Soviets to become FOR REPRESENTATIVE CARTER at the same precinct. "He has the char­ more likely to launch on initial warning, and acteristic Carter dark eyes and dark hair," thus more likely to launch accidentally. But the congressman said. the probability exists, and it is substantial. It At Ga.meliel precinct, Jerome Taylor is also very dangerous. This danger must HON. JOE SKUBITZ brought his two boys over for Carter's be balanced against the virtually nonexistent OF KANSAS inspection. "This !ella made the all-tourna­ advantages of massive counter-silo capabil­ IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES ment team," he said, tugging at a squirming ity. youngster in a yellow athletic shirt. "Aw, Moreover, if we deploy terminal MaRV Wednesday, June 2, 1976 Daddy," the boy whined, pulling away. sllokillers, we can be sure the Soviets will Mr. SKUBITZ. Mr. Speaker, I include Driving to Fountain Run precinct, the follow. They will probably be ten years be­ for the REcORD an account of my friend, westernmost in the 5th Congressional Dis­ hind, but they will get there. So in the mid- Congressman TIM LEE CARTER'S visits trict, Carter spotted Joe Fultz's house: 1990s, assuming yields can be reduced to "Somebody stole his bird dog a while back. the point where RV fratricide is not pro­ about Monroe County on election day. It A nice spaniel." hibitive, neither side will have a viable silo­ is my feeling that you might enjoy, as I At Fountain Run, Levy Waller, the late based deterrent. I have already discussed did, the story of his travels about the checker player's brother, said, "Dr. Carter is the efl'ect of the U.S. potential strike force polling places in his owr. home area: the kindest doctor I ever knew. He'd talk on the Soviets; now consider the efl'ect of NOT EVERYTHING Is RELATIVE FOR to you when the other doctors went by. He'd the Soviet anti-silo force on our own REPRESENTATIVE CARTER stop to listen to you." deterrent: (By David V. Hawpe) At Gum Tree precinct, where (Squire) Wal­ We wm have to pull our ICBMs out of their lace Clarkson has worked the polls for about silos and go to a shell-game mobile ICBM, To:r.n>KINSVILLE, KY.-It was graceful. It 4:0 years, Carter nagged at Tommy Thomas or to a deep-buried delayed response system, was deft. to have something done about a growth on or even to an active hard-point defense if we He eased from precinct to precinct in his his neck. can devise one with a favorable cost-exchange family's Monroe County political preserve 'Of course it's been there 14 years," Carter ratio. All of these programs have two things yesterday, remembering who had served wlth said, laughing. him in World War whose babies he had in common: First, they are very expensive. n, Driving to Sulphur Lick, Carter recalled Second and more importantly, all leave us delivered. Whose Social Security cases he had how he narrowly missed getting in on a with a deterrent certainly no more and untangled, whose businesses he had helped gusher in the oil boom of t.lle mid-1960s. "The possibly less secure than we have today. finance. first well to hit was too close to the house He remembered associations. The woman on Tom Willett's place so they called it a The question before the nation is whether whose son had served on the U.S. Olympic we shall allow a desire for increased tech­ deep water well ... hit oil at about 400 rifle team. The man whose late brother feet." nological capability for its own sake to force had been a champion checker player. us into a cycle of massive expenditure and, Tim Lee Carter, six-term Republican rep­ Driving by Charles Geralds' place, he more importantly, to decrease national noted that Geralds had just lost 8,000 pounds security. resentative seeking re-election, laughed, commisserated, cajoled, congratulated. He of catfish. He stlll has about 25,000 pounds FOOTNOTES in his catfish ponds, and he wants Carter made certain he would get his voters to the 1 "Tolerable level" is incapable of precise polls. to have somebody come down to help him and permanent definition, but is usually "Brother Ben, • . . come over here," Car­ find out what happened. "I don't blame spoken of as capable of causing the death him.... I'd want to kn()W, too ... That's ter said at his first stop, the Middle West a lot of fish." of less than one-third of the population and precinct. Brother Ben Maxey, minister of the destruction of less than two-thirds of the Church of the First Born Saints, reached Benton Baxter stood outside the Sulphur the industry from the immediate efl'ects of a hand toward the congressman, whose iri­ Lick voting house, adjusting his nice straw blast and radiation. Any substantial nuclear descent blue sleeve glistened. The red-and­ hat. He asked, "Looks llke that other Carter attack would, of course, produce massive white polka dot collar flapped in the light (Jimmy) has got it, doesn't it?" additional long-term damage through fallout, wind. The congressman agreed it looked good for starvation, soil and water poisoning, epi­ "We're going to get all the black voters, Jimmy. He recalled dinners with Jimmy and demic, etc. For this and other obvious rea­ aren't we?" Carter asked. It really wasn't a his wife last year. "A nice fellow." sons, it seems probable that national leaders question. Maxey nodded. At Rockrldge precinct Jim Bowles enter­ on both sides wlll always use a considerably At Northwest precinct, Marcus Sherfey, tained on a violin he got from "Preacher lower working definition of what is tolerable. Baptist minister and assistant principal of Swan's wife." "It was her first husband's," 2 Henry M. Jackson, "Credible Deterrence Tompkinsville Elementary School, explained he explained. His fingers danced on the in a SALT n Environment," speech before why he always backs Carter. strings. The bow brought to life "Fisherman's the Military Committee of the North Atlan­ "When my daddy went to buy his first Hornpipe." Uncle Wash Carter (a relative) tic Assembly in Bonn, Germany, November home, he couldn't get the money at the taught him that. 1972. bank," he said. "Dr. Carter (the congress­ He did the "Chicken Reel" next. Election a Schlesinger, op. cit., pp. 37-38. man is a physician) loaned it to him." Judge Drewie Woods clogged on the polished • This calculation is applicable only to a Wendell Carter, a "cousin and supporter," floor of the Joe Harrison Carter (a relative) restrained counterforce attack, in which shook the U.S. representative's hand. There Elementary School. Joe Harrison's son Leslie each RV is directed against a difl'erent silo. was a relative at every precinct-more than (obviously, also a relative) shouted, "Listen Targeting multiple RVs against the same one at some. "We're a big family," Carter to that chicken cackel. . . . She'll lay an egg silo-essential to dlsabllng first strike or said. for yowu." Bowles grinned and bounced the damage-limltlng-would sharply reduce the Col. Prentice Anderson ("An honorary bow on the strings again. efficiency of the attack, both because of in­ title," Carter explained) waved to Carter. Jerrell Dubree, who is "coming up 11," creased RV fratricide and because of the "He's No. 1," Anderson said. "When he puts sucked on his orange soda pop and patted probability of wasting RVs on silos previously his name on a letter to the Veterans Admin­ his foot. His eyes never left the fiddle. destroyed. Moreover, while 50 per cent proba­ istration or the Social Security, they listen. The last stop was North Tompklnsvllle bility levels should be sufficient for token I got action five days after he sent a letter precinct, where Carter made his original counterforce, better than 99 per cent proba­ forme." political fights. Local newspaperman Bill bility is required for disabling first strike. County Judge Doug Carter, a second cou­ Brown told how Carter had arranged for an 11 Point-killing power can be expressed as sin, greeted voters at Courthouse precinct. Army transfer, so that Brown could be with the two-thirds power of the yield divided by "Losing any?" the big, soft-spoken con­ his dying father. "That's why I'm a Republi­ the square of the CEP. gressman asked. can now." he said. 16324 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE June 3, 1976 Carter spotted another former patient. He government regulation was that it would A 1972 Texas Law Review article by an­ provide me the opportunity to personally other one of Nader's former employes, Peter unbuttoned the man's shirt, inspecting the Schuck, criticizes Nader for constantly in­ old knife wounds. confront the Caped Consumer Crusader, "I put over 200 stitches in this man," he Ralph Nader, and question him about a new voking, ad nauseum, the so-called "public interest" without ever grappling with the said, fingering the scars. "It was 278," the book titled, "Ralph and Me," written by the managing edtior of The New Republic serious moral question of just exactly what man added. this is and where it lies. Schuck writes: Not everything is relative in Tim Lee magazine, David Sanford. Carter's Monroe County. But alas, it was not to be. "On what grounds may we require Inature, When I told Nader I wanted to talk to him responsible drivers to purchase seatbelts for about the Sanford book, he reacted like their cars against their will? There are an­ Count Dracula confronted with a cruclflx. swers to these questions, of course. For ex­ Rising abruptly from his chair, waving his ample, 'there are times when people cannot NADER AS INTELLECTUAL COWARD arms, he declared: "No, I won't talk about be relied on to know their own interests'­ the book. There may be litigation." Nader but these answers do not comport easily with then walked out of the room and left. democratic theory and are susceptible to HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK Well, it's really too bad, because Sanford abuse." An excellent point. OF OHIO has some interesting things to say, things Sanford tells in detail how he tried u n ­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that require a response. successfully to obtain a copy of an audit of As a longtime Nader-watcher since 1965, Nader's organizations but, he says, Nader's Wednesday, June 2, 1976 Sanford, who was originally very high on people "are about as free with information as Nader, has become progressively disillusioned Nixon was with his White House tapes." He Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, few with him over the years. He writes: "I became also explores other questions about Nader charlatans have come down the pike to increasingly turned off about Nader's press that have been raised in the press, question s equal Ralph Nader. He wraps his anti­ agentry, about his facile way of imputing such as: Was Nader trading in Ford Motor business, anti-free enterprise, socialistic bad motives to those he disagreed with, about Co. stock at the time he was publicly attack­ package into a so-called public interest his successful efforts to manipulate the press ing General Motors? Does Nader really live in package. Like all zealots, he attracts and to quash negative publicity, about his an inexpensive rented room with a pay phone many followers and, like all liberals, he clandestine ways with money, about his lust down the hall, or does he live in his brother's is deified in the press and on campus. for power, in short, about the spurious Nader $100,000 house in northwest Washington? Occasionally, however, the truth sur­ myth." In a story in the Toronto Globe and Mail Sanford says that some of his sources­ newspaper on March 3, Nader is reported as faces and the myth is exposed. Such a most of them named-have seen Nader "lie, saying that David Sanford is an "intellectual rare literary piece deserves commenda­ cover up, falsely accuse antagonists. mistreat coward" because in writing his book he did tion and all the readership it can muster. employes, disown mistakes, and behave con­ not approach Nader for an interview even I include the article of my good friend, trary to tbe legend that he has tolerated, though his office is only a few blocks away. John Lofton, with these remarks and indeed nurtured, about himself." Sanford denies this. He says that his assist­ hope it will get the attention it deserves: In his book, Sanford quotes Jim Turner, ant, Henrietta Charles, did call Nader's Cen­ who used to work for Nader, as saying his ex­ ter for the Study of Responsive Law, she did [From the Denver (Colo.) Rocky Mountain boss' organizations are sweatshops. Com­ News, Apr. 19, 1976] request just such an interview, but never menting on the low pay and long hours of received an answer. NADER AS INTELLECTUAL COWARD Nader's Raiders, Turner observes: "We spent With his refusal to discuss David Sanford's (By John D. Lofton, Jr.) 100 years trying to clean sweatshops out of book with me, with his decision to stonewall HILLSDALE, MlCH.-One of the reasons I our system and what happens? Along comes these serious charges against him, one has to looked forward to coming here to speak at the first major reformer of any impact and wonder, however, if Ralph Nader isn 't t he Hillsdale College at a five-day seminar on he starts doing the same goddamned thing." real ·:intellectual coward."

SENATE-Thursday, June 3, 1976 The Senate met at 12 noon and was THE JOURNAL JOINT REFERRAL OF A COMMUNICATION called to order by the Acting President Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask pro tempore