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Notes on the Current Distribution, Threats and Conservation Status of a Poorly Known Cyprinid, Hypselobarbus Lithopidos (Day 1874) from the Western Ghats of India

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Notes on the Current Distribution, Threats and Conservation Status of a Poorly Known Cyprinid, Hypselobarbus Lithopidos (Day 1874) from the Western Ghats of India Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 September 2013 | 5(13): 4743–4751 Western Ghats Special Series Communication ISSN Back from obscurity: notes on the current distribution, Online 0974–7907 threats and conservation status of a poorly known cyprinid, Print 0974–7893 Hypselobarbus lithopidos (Day, 1874) from the Western Ghats OPEN ACCESS of India Anvar Ali 1, Siby Philip 2 & Rajeev Raghavan 3 1,2,3 Conservation Research Group (CRG), St. Albert’s College, Kochi, Kerala 682018, India 2 Department of Zoology, Nirmalagiri College, Koothuparamba, Kerala 670701, India 3 Zoo Outreach Organization (ZOO), 96 Kumudham Nagar, Vilankurichi Road, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, India 1 [email protected],2 [email protected], 3 [email protected] (corresponding author) Abstract: Hypselobarbus lithopidos (Day, 1874) is a poorly known cyprinid fish endemic to the rivers of the Western Ghats of India. This species is assessed as Data Deficient in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species with a note that it could be possibly extinct. Here, we provide information on a recent collection of this species from the type locality, and discuss its current distribution, ecology, threats and conservation. A revised Red List status for the species is also proposed. Keywords: Canara barb, Endangered, Gonoproktopterus, Western Ghats. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o3655.4743-51 | ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:AC9FED30-EE67-4203-BF7A-FF89150FBE0C Editor: Anonymity requested. Date of publication: 26 September 2013 (online & print) Manuscript details: Ms # o3655 | Received 07 June 2013 | Final received 10 September 2013 | Finally accepted 11 September 2013 Citation: Ali, A., S. Philip & R. Raghavan (2013). Back from obscurity: notes on the current distribution, threats and conservation status of a poorly known cyprinid, Hypselobarbus lithopidos (Day 1874) from the Western Ghats of India . Journal of Threatened Taxa 5(13): 4743-4751; http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o3655.4743-51 Copyright: © Ali et al. 2013. Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this article in any medium, reproduction and distribution by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publication. Funding: Rajeev Raghavan thanks the Mohammed Bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund (MBZSCF; Project 1225670) and the North of England Zoological Society (NEZS), Chester Zoo for providing financial support for the project on the ‘Lost fishes of Western Ghats’. Competing Interest:The authors declare no competing interests. Funders had no role in study design, data collection, results interpretation and manuscript writing. Author Contribution: AA collected the specimens. RR, AA and SP carried out the analysis. RR and SP wrote the text. RR is the Principal Investigator of the project from which the data originated. Author Details: Anvar Ali interested in taxonomy and systematics of freshwater fishes of the Western Ghats. Siby Philip is interested in molecular phylogenet- ics, evolution and biogeography of freshwater fishes of the South Asia region. Rajeev Raghavan is interested in interdisciplinary research focused on generating information and developing methods to support conservation decision-making, especially in freshwater ecosystems Acknowledgements: Rajeev Raghavan thanks Ralf Britz, Natural History Museum, London for his help with the examination of Day’s materials, for photographs and useful discussions; Helmut Wellendorf, Natural History Museum, Vienna; Ronald de Ruiter, Naturalis, Leiden; Leo Smith and Kevin Swagel, Field Museum, Chicago; Rohan Pethiyagoda, Australian Museum, Sydney for information and photograph of the syntypes; Neelesh Dahanukar, IISER, Pune for help with relevant literature; J.D. Marcus Knight for useful discussions and Ambily Nair for her help and support. Local fishers in and around Sullia and Kasargod are thanked for the cooperation and help during the field work. The publication of this article is supported by the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF), a joint initiative of l’Agence Française de Développement, Conservation International, the European Commission, the Global Environment Facility, the Government of Japan, the MacArthur Foundation and the World Bank. 4743 Conservation status of Hypselobarbus lithopidos Ali et al. INTRODUCTION not provide this record, probably due to the lack of clarity in the species identification. There was also a In his paper on ‘Some new or little known fishes of general consensus within the working group that there India’ published in the Proceedings of the Zoological are no validated records of this species since 1941 (see Society of London, Francis Day (1874) described Raghavan & Ali 2011). five new species of fish, one of which was Barbus Similarly, Arunachalam et al. (2012; pp. 70 and 71) (= Hypselobarbus) lithopidos, from South Canara (= in their revision of the genus Hypselobarbus records Dakshina Kannada). The fish was known to attain up to collecting H. lithopidos from the Shimoga fish farm and 24 inches in length and was considered ‘not uncommon’ Rusewalai (= Rosemalai?) fish farm. They also provide in rivers of the region (Day 1878, 1889). A specimen illustrations for these materials (see figure 1A p 64 and measuring 7.4 inches long was illustrated by Day (1878) figure 3A p 66 of Arunachalam et al. 2012). However, in his book on the Fishes of India; being a natural history these are clear misidentifications as the material of the fishes known to inhabit the seas and fresh waters illustrated in p 64 has a lateral line scale count of 30–31, of India, Burma, and Ceylon. while the material in p 66 has a lateral line scale count From 1909 until 1975, several collections of H. of 34–36. Hypselobarbus lithopidos has a lateral line lithopidos were made from the rivers of the southern scale count of 37–39 (Day 1874; Knight et al. 2013; also part of the Western Ghats flowing through the states of see Table 2). Raghavan & Ali (2011) also suggested that Kerala and Karnataka (see table 1), after which there were the record of H. lithopidos by Arunachalam et al. (2000) no records of the species. The absence of H. lithopidos from Kal River in the Konkan region of Maharashtra in collections from a region which has been the focus of requires verification. This suggestion might hold true several comprehensive field surveys (Easa & Basha 1995; as the record of H. lithopidos from Kal River, did not Chapgar & Mankadan 2000; Kurup et al. 2004; Thomas find a mention in a recent paper by the same authors 2004; Biju 2005) led to the assumption that the species (Arunachalam et al. 2012). might probably be extinct (see Raghavan & Ali 2011). Recently (Knight et al. 2013) re-discovered H. Although several recent papers (Arunachalam et lithopidos based on collections from the Phalguni River al. 2000; Vijaykumar et al. 2008; Ahmad et al. 2013; in Dakshin Kannada District of Karnataka State, laying to Vijaylaxmi & Vijaykumar 2011; Arunachalam et al. rest the speculation that the species is extinct. As part 2012) mentioned collecting H. lithopidos, these need of the on-going project on the ‘lost fishes of Western to be verified as no voucher specimens are available. Ghats’, we obtained specimens of H. lithopidos (Image Ahmad et al. (2013) listed H. lithopidos as occurring in 1) from an additional river system, part of the erstwhile Hariharapura in the Tunga drainage. However, one of the South Canara region, its type locality. This paper serves authors of the paper who was part of the Cypriniformes to document this additional record, and discuss the working group that evaluated the conservation status current distribution, threats and conservation status of of the Hypselobarbus species from Western Ghats in this species. We also propose a revised Red List status 2010 for the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species did for H. lithopidos. © Rajeev Raghavan © Rajeev Image 1. Hypselobarbus lithopidos CRG-SAC.2013.3 collected from Chandragiri River, Kerala 4744 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 September 2013 | 5(13): 4743–4751 Conservation status of Hypselobarbus lithopidos Ali et al. MATERIALS AND METHODS Table 1. Records of Hypselobarbus lithopidos from the Western Ghats Materials examined: Barbus lithopidos Francis Day, Location Collected by Reference BMNH 1889.2.1.559-561, 3 exs., 124.72–171.42 mm SL, South Canara1 Francis Day Day (1874, 1878, 1889) South Canara, India (Image 2); Hypselobarbus lithopidos, Nimutai (Travancore2) Annandale Jenkins (1909) CRG-SAC.2013.3.1-5, 10.iii.2013; 5 exs., 49.63–60.93 Trivandrum S.N. Pillay Pillay (1929) mm SL, Pallamkode, 12.5640N & 75.2460E, Chandragiri Trivandrum S.N. Pillay John (1936) River system, Kerala, India, Anvar Ali. Coorg (Cauvery River)* Hora Hora (1937) Museum abbreviations: AMS - Australian Museum, Sydney; BMNH - Natural History Museum, London; CRG- Nilambur (River Chaliyar) B.S. Raj Raj (1941) * SAC - Conservation Research Group, St. Albert’s College, Bhadravati (River Bhadra) David David (1956) Kochi; FMNH - Field Museum, Chicago; NMW - Natural Periyar Tiger Reserve - Indra & Remadevi (1990) Manakkavala (Periyar Tiger History Museum, Vienna; RMNH - Naturalis, Leiden; R.S. Pillai Jayaram (1991) Reserve) ZSI-SRS - Zoological Survey of India, Southern Regional Khal River (Maharashtra) Arunachalam Arunachalam et al. (2000) Station, Chennai. Kagina River (Karnataka)* - Vijaykumar et al. (2008) Photographs and X-ray: Barbus lithopidos Francis Vijaylaxmi & Vijaykumar Bheema River (Karnataka)*
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