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Notes on a Catalogue of the Linnean Herbarium

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Notes on a Catalogue of the Linnean Herbarium NOTES ON A C AT A 110 G TI E OF THE LINNEAN HERBARIUM( BY BENJAMIN DAY DON JACKSON, I<NlGI€T OF TZZI SWEDISH. ORDBR OF TED POLAR &l!AR, ITON.PH.D., & A.M., UPSAL.; GENERALSECRETARY OF 111110 LINNEANSOQIETY OF LONDON. Forming a Supplement to the 'Proceedings' of the Society for the 134th Session, 1921-22. LONDON: PRINTED FOR THE LINNEAN SOCIETY, BURLINGTON HOUSE, PICCAUILLY, W. I, BY TAYLOR AND.PRANGIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. 1922. CONTENTS. Page Foreword ................................ 5 Introduction ................................ 7 The Lirinean Herbarium ..................... 9 Plan of Index (1912) ........................ 10 Earlier Enumerations, 1753-1767 .............. 10 List of Contributors to the Herbarium .......... 11 Lind as a Collector .......................... 21 Signs used in the Herbarium .................. 22 Numbers employed .......................... 24 Damage to Herbarium before 1783 ............. 24 Collateral Type-collections .................... 25 Bibliography ................................ -VB Abbreviations and Signs used in Index .......... 30 History of the iiaine LinnEa .................. 32 a" 2 N. Brongniart fait rernarquer combien il est regrettable que l’on n’ait pas encore song6 a publier un simple catalogue de I’herbier de LinnB.-Bull. SOC.Bot!. Fr. xiii. (1866) p. 135. FOREWORD. THE manuscript. to which this refers is inteuded to supply an answer to questions which an enquirer is apt to put when examining Linnean specimens j the explanations are purposely shortened so as to compress the remarks into B moderate compass, usually a single line, but when more is needed, it is supplied on the opposite page (verso). Certain frequent abbreviations are :- A. = Alstr8mer. K. = [Calm, Kiinig. Ad.- Arduino. Kh. =Kaehler. Br. = Brow ne. L., Loefl.=Liifling. C.B.S.=Caput Bonae Spei= &I, =Maguol. Cape of Good Ilope. R. IRoyen. D.=Dickson. S., Sm., J.E.S.=Smith. Gerb.=($erber. T. = Tliunberg, Tulbagh, Gmel. =Gnieliu. Turner. H.B.=Herb. Banks. Vo*=Verso, the left-hand H.L.=Herb. Linn. page; the back of H.Tf.=Hort. Upsd. the Recto, the right- Hall. =Hallel.. hand page. Jacq. = Jacquin. Most of the Linnean coutractions are expanded ; other signs are explained in the ‘ index ’ published in 1912, bat republished here after revision. For use of the remarks, the sheets of each genus in the herbarium are numbered at the top left-hand corner in greeu ink; these numbers refer to those in the first colmnii of the manuficript Catalogue, then followed by the name of the species where giveu, and the number belonging to the specie8 in the first edition of the ‘ Species Plantariim ’ 1753, when used by LinnB ; in a few cases the number is written without the niluit). Addi- tious innde in the ‘Systeiiia’ ed. X. were denoted by capital letters iri place of number&,and these are also cited. Occasionally 6 FOREWOT11). figures in pencil may be seen upon the sheets j these are due to the preliminary ntternpt effected in 1747-50, which is still pre- served, see Dr. J. M. I-lulth’s account of Liniid’s first sketch of his ‘Species P1ant:irum’ in the Svenslr Bot. Tid&r. vi. (1912) 627-631, The handwriting of Linn6 is siiiiplg copied ; where nothing is added, it is his alone (the figures in the first colunin aid the running numbers of the genera excepted). The handwriting of everyone else is shown by its being nnderlined, or in parenthesea, or brackets ; the catalogiier’s con~inenlsare shown by an initial J. Long sentences on the face or the back of the sheets are shortened by omission of the middle, the beginning and tlie end being given before the name or sign of the writer. Labels as a rule art! not copied, but the writer’s name when known is given j as the label is optln to tlie inspection of the eiiqnirer, it does noc need to be set out. Amongst the Xosses will be found many additions by James Dickwti, who not only gnve his opinion to Sir J. E. Smith, but largely added to the material; these are shown by the initial D. j the water-mark on these sheets is English. Many of the numbers written OLI the sheets by Limb refer to books, as, for instance, Flora lapponica ’ atid ‘ Flora suecica,’ though not specilied j others correspond to lists sent by oorre- spondents, such as Tulbagh (cf. Proc. Liun. SOC. 1917-18, Suppl.), Alstromer (MS. of consignments in 1762, kindly supplied by Dr. J. M. Rulth), Allioni, Arduirio, Sparrnian aiid Thnnberg, thougli the last two are not available. A full account of the herbarium mas issued in the Society’s Proceedings,’ 1911-12, Snppl. j as fresh inforination has accrued since that was issued, the introductory matter has been revised and reprinted in the followiiig pages, as a Supplement to the ‘ Proceedings ’ for 1921-22. B. DAPDON JACKSON. Burlington House, December, 1921. INTRODU CTI ON. INthe autumn of 1906 a suggestion was made to the Council of the Linnean Society of London, that a Catalogue of the contents of the Linnean Herbarium, together with a series of photographic illustrations of selected types froin it, would be an appropriate publication for the celebration of the 200th anniversary of the birth of Carl von Zinne’. Experiments showed that a fairly aomplete Catalogue of the sheets in the herbarium in question, would extend to about three volumes of the Society’s Journal, and that its compilation would require from fifteen to eighteen months ; the suggestion was therefore found to be impossible of fulfilment, quite apart from its cost. The second proposal was entertained by the Council so far as preparing estimates of the cost of issuing B series of 100 collotype plates, the actual size of the specimens, provided one hundred subscribers at B given rate were forthcoming, but as only seventeen subscribers offered, that project also fell through. In order in some measure lo ineet the wishes expresaed, the Council sanctioned the printing of a catdope of generic names in the Linnean Herbarium in the original sequence, with the umber of the sheets uiider each, followed by an alphabetical index, and preceded by an account of an enumeration by Linn6 himself of the plants possessed by him in 1755 ; advance copies were printed and distributed before the 23rd May, 1907, and rcisstiecl in the ‘Proceediiigs ’ in October of th:it year. INTRODUCTION. Though the original project could not be carried out, it was not forgotten, and in 1911 it occurred lo tlie compiler, that :in iiidrx 011 a modest scale, showing by special type every plant authenticated by the author hiinself, or at his dictation, would be acceptable ; the ' Index ' was the result. The Thnean sequence Iiaa been prtvjerwd in the herbar;um ns far asi possible, and more than one hundred specimens which had been transferred by Smith to other genera have been replaced, so that the Linnenn malerial is spin brought toget,her. As an instance, Srnitli removed 4 species froin Olclenlnndia to Iledyotis, thereby obscuriiig LinnB's conception of the former genus. A few slight slips of the pen have been disregarded, but important variations of name have been noted. The zoological genera in the herbarium were not catalogued specifically until the M8. catalogue was prepared. The total number of sheets is ns follo~s:- Sheets of plants.. ............... 13,832 Zoological, as Plustra, etc. ........ 99 Undetermined .................. 284 Tots1 ........ 14,215 __ - THE LINNEAN HEltBARlUM. THE Lirinean herbarium itself is known at home and abroad to uiany botanists, who have consulted it, but to the modern systematist, accustomed to good specimeiis acconipauied by full information on the collector’s tickets, it may be disappointing. The paper is small, la$ by 8 inches (32 cin. x 20.5 em.), and the inforination when given is often meagre. Linn6 evidently trdd to a strong and retentive memory, so that his notes are very brief, or little more than arbitrary signs to remind him of the source of the specimen. The specimens are usually authenticated bg I& number, namely, that prefixed to the species ill the first edition of the ‘ Species Plantarum’ in 1753, followed by the specific or “trivial” name; the species added to his collection up to the 10th edition of his ‘ Syteiiia Nature,’ vol. ii. 1759, are sliowii by capital letters, iu the case of Bedyawurn extendiiig from A to L. \Vith the second edition of the ‘ Species Plantarum ’ in 1762-3, an entirely new series of nun~beriirgwas used, and in the latest (12th) edition of tlie ‘ Systemti Natura? ’ in 1767, additions were numbered on, but put nearest to their allies, disregarding their numerical order; this enlarged iiuinbering was not employed in the herbarium. In small or moderately large genera, one cover suffices; at the bottoni left-hand corner is the generic iiaine w~ittenby LinmB, but in tlie case of moiiot,vpic genera, the nuinber “ 1 ” is often the only authentication on the species-sheets. I ha\ e in such cases printed the name as being non-exigtent, but have put (pl.) after it, to show that the type is there, though not verified under the hand of the author. Similarly, all names in itaEc type are names either not vouched for by Linnk, or are absent from the collection; the names written by him are printed in ordinary ltornan type ; n here the name has been written by an amanuensis, I have added (in. Sol.)=manu Solandri, or other assistant as the case may be. It is only where I am conbinced by tlie special circumstances of each case, that I have allowed myself this licence. Thus, we have the distinct assurance from Sir J. E. Smith, that Solander wrote all the specific names to Patricir Brorvne’s specimens (Linn.
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