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The Governance and Trade of Wood-Based Products in and Around the Kambui Hills North Forest Reserve

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The Governance and Trade of Wood-Based Products in and Around the Kambui Hills North Forest Reserve 2012 T he governance and trade of wood-based products in and around the Kambui Hills North Forest Reserve The research and analysis in this report was conducted by Energy For Opportunity (EFO) and was financed through the ACDI/VOCA and USAID funded Promoting Agricultural, Governance and the Environment (PAGE) Programme The contents of this report are the sole responsibility of EFO and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of ACDI/VOCA, USAID or the PAGE programme The report was compiled by Paul Munro, Greg Hiemstra-van der Horst The research for the report was conducted by Greg Hiemstra-van der Horst Mohamed Kebbay Aiah Kembay Georjet Kpagoi Paul Munro Albert Thoronka Simon Willans For any further information regarding the report, please contact Energy For Opportunity at: [email protected] Contents Acronyms ...................................................................................................................................................................... 2 1. Introduction.............................................................................................................................................................. 3 1.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................................................ 3 1.2 The Kambui Hills Forest Reserves ................................................................................................................ 3 1.3 Methodology ...................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.4 Structure of the Report .................................................................................................................................... 5 2. Kambui Hills: background and context ............................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Physical Geography .......................................................................................................................................... 5 2.2 History of the Forest Reserve ......................................................................................................................... 6 2.3 Land Tenure Types ........................................................................................................................................... 8 2.4 Wood-based commercial commodities ....................................................................................................... 11 3. Actors ...................................................................................................................................................................... 13 3.1 Local Actors ..................................................................................................................................................... 13 3.2 Government Actors........................................................................................................................................ 16 3.3 Non-Government Organisations ................................................................................................................. 18 3.4 Logging Companies ........................................................................................................................................ 19 4. Issues ....................................................................................................................................................................... 21 4.1 Forestry Division‟s Jurisdiction .................................................................................................................... 21 4.2 Bad Community/Forestry Relations............................................................................................................ 23 4.3 Vague Boundaries ........................................................................................................................................... 24 4.4 Corruption and Lack of Transparency ........................................................................................................ 24 4.5 Low Commodity Prices ................................................................................................................................. 25 4.6 Chainsaw licensing .......................................................................................................................................... 26 4.7 Illegal Logging ................................................................................................................................................. 27 4.8 Fear of a Kambui Hills National Park ......................................................................................................... 28 4.9 Timber export ban .......................................................................................................................................... 29 5. Conclusions and Recommendations .................................................................................................................. 30 5.1 Conclusions ...................................................................................................................................................... 30 5.2 Recommendations .......................................................................................................................................... 31 Appendix A – Original Kambui Hills Forest Reserve Demarcation ................................................................. 36 Acronyms ACOTIDA Agricultural Community for Timber Development Association ACDI/VOCA Agricultural Cooperative Development International/Volunteers in Overseas Cooperative Assistance. CSSL Conservation Society of Sierra Leone CTC Capitol Trading Company FAO [The United Nations‟] Food and Agriculture Organisation. FIC Forest Industries Corporation FLEGT Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade KHFR Kambui Hills Forest Reserve KHNFR Kambui Hills North Forest Reserve MAFFS Ministry of Agricultural Forestry and Food Security NaCEF National Commission for the Environment and Forestry NGO Non-Government Organisation PAGE Promoting Agriculture, Governance and the Environment. PC Paramount Chief PRA Participatory Rural Assessment RSPB Royal Society for the Protection of Birds SALWACO Sierra Leone Water Company SKFR South Kambui Forest Reserve USAID United States Agency for International Aid VFMA Village Forest Management Associations WAPFoR Western Area Peninsula Forest Reserve WHH Welthungerhilfe 1. Introduction 1.1 Overview The research results and analysis presented in this report seek to provide a better understanding of the dynamics surrounding the wood-based commercial trade relating to the Kambui Hills North Forest Reserve (KHNFR) and the governance regimes that influence this trade. Its findings form the basis for suggesting different approaches for donors and policy makers to improve both the reserve‟s management and the livelihoods of those reliant on its resources. It is hoped that the information provided here will aid in giving a greater voice to the forest edge communities around the KHNFR, in assisting in the reduction of governance conflicts and in paving the way to improved overall management of the forest reserve. The forested slopes of the Kambui Hills North Forest Reserve (KHNFR) rise sharply up behind the urban centre of Kenema, providing a dramatic backdrop to Sierra Leone‟s Eastern Province capital. Gazetted in 1920, it is one of the oldest forest reserves in Sierra Leone and was the site of major timber activities and research between the 1930s and 1960s, causing Kenema to be dubbed the „timber capital of the nation‟.1 Since the 1970s, however, the management of the reserve and its forests have been seriously neglected. Furthermore, data describing the reserve‟s condition and the dynamics of its everyday use has been essentially non-existent, until now. This has been a concern, as the reserve provides numerous critical benefits to surrounding communities (which includes Kenema), including potable water and exploitable resources, and is also an important sanctuary for many native floral and faunal species. In recognition of the reserve‟s importance, the USAID and ACDI/VOCA funded Promoting Agriculture, Governance and the Environment (PAGE) initiative is in the process of establishing a community-driven forest management programme, called co-management, in the KHNFR. The idea behind this approach is to revitalise the management of the reserve by empowering forest edge communities so that they can participate in decision making processes. This research project is designed to help inform this initiative, providing an empirically-based analysis of the reserve‟s dynamics upon which to base future interventions. Previous observations made by the PAGE programme suggest that the illegal logging is rife and that there are serious issues regarding the management of the reserve.2 As a result, a key focus of this research project has been to explore the nuances of these activities and the issues surrounding them. A second report, Land cover analysis of the Kambui Hills North Forest Reserve and its surrounds¸ has been published in conjunction with this report. This second report examines the land cover changes in the KHNFR area between the years 2000 and 2010, and thus it provides important insights into environmental change in the region. Its analysis includes
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