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(Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Parastenocarididae) from Hyporheic Groundwaters in Spain and Phylogenetic Position

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(Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Parastenocarididae) from Hyporheic Groundwaters in Spain and Phylogenetic Position Contributions to Zoology, 66 (4) 215-226 (1997) SPB Academic Publishing bv, Amsterdam Parastenocaris hispanica n. sp. (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Parastenocarididae) from hyporheic groundwaters in Spain and its within the of phylogenetic position fontinalis- group species Pedro Martínez Arbizu Arbeitsgruppe Zoomorphologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany Keywords: Harpacticoida, Parastenocaris hispanica, new species, fontinalis-group, Fontinalicaris, taxonomy, phylogeny, zoogeography Abstract (Lang, 1948) and is described here in the first of series of the a contributions to systematic s Parastenocaris is described from hispanica n. sp. hyporheic of Iberian Parastenocarididae. groundwaters in Spain. The phylogenetic position of the new The phylogenetic relationships within the Pa- within the is discussed. As a species fontinalis-group Lang still uncertain. rastenocarididae are The genus result P. fontinalis meridionalis Rouch is elevated to species Parastenocaris is without doubt rank. The fontinalis-group is characterized by six autapo- polyphyletic morphic characters. (Schminke, 1993). Discussions about affinities of the known species are based on the assignment of these species to different "phyletic" groups (Lang, Resumen 1948). In order to elucidate the phylogenetic posi- fon-tion of the newly discovered species, the Se describe Parastenocaris una nuevaespécie, hispanica sp. n., tinalis-groupis characterized and phylogenetically de subterráneas de se discute su aguas España y posición the methods of phylogenetic dentro del Como analysed applying filogenética grupo-fontinalis Lang. resultado, as defined meridionalis Rouch debe ser elevado a systematics by Hennig (1982). P. fontinalis fontinalis-categoría de El está caracterizado seis espécie. grupo-fonlinalis por autapomorfías. Methods Introduction Groundwater samples were taken by the Karaman-Chappuis method (Chappuis, 1942) in Spanish rivers, filtered through a little is known about the Parastenocarididae Very of mesh and 5% nylon net 100 um preserved in formaldehyde. the of the Iberian Penin- inhabiting groundwaters Additional samples were kindly made available by Dr. Rouch These taken in sula. Three papers have been published previ- (Saint-Girons, France). samples were Spanish rivers Dr. R. Dr. F. Lescher-Moutoué and Dr. N. ously: Chappuis (1937) described two new species by Rouch, Gourbault in the 1976 and 1978. The specimens were in Enckell years from caves Santander (northern Spain), to transferred a medium consisting of a mixture of lactic acid (1965) found two new species in the river Fuen- and glycerine gelatine and dissected for slide preparation. The southern and Noodt & girola (Andalucía, Spain) Leitz Dialux figures have been prepared with a phase contrast Galhano the fauna of (1969) studied groundwater microscope using a camera lucida. northern and described five Paraste- Portugal new nocaris species. During an intensive study of the freshwater harpacticoid fauna of the Iberian groupAbbreviations used in the text and figures are: AÍ =antennule, Peninsula, additional Parastenocarididae eight A2 = = Ae = Md = antenna, ap apomorphy, aesthetasc, = four of science. One = = have been found, them new to mandible, Mxl maxillule, Mx2 maxilla, Mxp of these new species belongs to the maxillipede, P1-P6 = legs 1 to 6, pi =plesiomorphy. - Parastenocaris 216 P. Martinez Arbizu hispanica n. sp. from hyporheic groundwaters in Spain 1. of the Iberian Peninsula with stations where P. has been found indicated asterisk. Fig. Map hispanica n. sp. by an The terms "pars incisiva", "pars molaris", and "lacina Sta. 91-7/4: River Magro, between Macastre and Casas de mobilis" are omitted from the description of the mandible Millas, Prov. Valencia, Spain; 4 m from shore, water temp. > (Mielke, 1984); the terms "furca" and "telson" are used 22°C, 50 individuals, 10.7.'91. according to Schminke (1976a); terms of the phylogenetic Sta. 91-8/8: River Cabriel at Las Hondonadas, between El analysis are used sensu Hennig (1982). The cladogram was Cañigral and Salvacañete, Prov. Cuenca, Spain (type locality), made by hand using the so-called "Hennigian principle" (cf. spring at shore, water temp. 16°C, 15 o" or, 26 9 9 and 2 Meier, 1992). copepodids, 24.8.'91. Sta. 92-6/2: River Argelita at Fuente de los Ignacios, Argelita, Prov. Castellón,Spain; 1 m from shore; > 20 individu- als, 15.6.'92. Descriptive part Sta. Rouch 1976, n° 18: Well between Velamazán and Barca, road Soria-Cl 16, Prov. Soria, Spain; 1 o• and 1 9, leg. Family Parastenocarididae Chappuis, 1933 R. Rouch, 13.9.'76. Sta. Rouch 1976, n° 51: River Guadalope at Mas de las Parastenocaris hispanica n. sp. Matas, Prov. Teruel, Spain; 2 Cf ce and 1 Q, leg. R. Rouch, 21.9.'76. Material. - Sta. 91-3/16: River Maimona, near bridge at road Sta. Rouch 1978, n° 9: River Guarga, road CI36 at CS-V-2002, Mas del Molino at Villanueva de Viver Prov. (CS), Sabiñánigo, Pito de Momepos, Prov. Huesca, Spain; 2 er O" and Teruel, Spain; 4 m from shore, water temp. 11°C, 8 erer and 11 3 9 9, leg. R. Rouch, 14.09.'78. 9 9, 28.3.'91. - 217 Contributions to Zoology, 66 (4) 1997 2. Parastenocaris male habitus: dorsal lateral view. Scale bar 100 Fig. hispanica n. sp., A, view; B, µm. 218 male female of left male Fig. 3. Parastenocaris hispanica n. sp.: A, antennule; B, antennule; C, proximal segments antennule; D, Scale bar 10 antenna. µm. Sta. Rouch 1978, n° 15: River Alcanadre, road M240 be- the localities where Parastenocaris hispanica n. tween Angiies and Ponzano, Prov. Huesca, Spain; 8 O" O" and 8 sp. has been found. The type locality is Sta. 91-8/8, 9 9, leg- R. Rouch, 14.9.'78. river Cabriel at Salvacañete, Prov. Cuenca, Spain. Sta. Rouch 1978, n° 8: River Alcanadre at Bierge, Prov. 1 2 and 2 R. Huesca, Spain; cr, 9 9 copepodids, leg. Rouch, 13.9.'78. Description of holotype and allotype. - Length 380 Sta. Rouch 1978 n° 8bis: River Alcanadre at Prov. , Bierge, with |im (from rostrum to operculum). Rostrum Huesca, Spain; 1 er, leg. R. Rouch, 13.9.'78. large base and two sensillae on tip. Céphalothorax The material is stored at the Copepod collection of the and abdominal segments 1-4 with dorsal "win- Arbeitsgruppe Zoomorphologie, University of Oldenburg, dows" For sensillae on see Germany. The type material examined for the description (Fig. 2A). tergites Fig. below (from Sta. 91-8/8) consists of 1 dissected o* (holotype, 2A-B. Operculum convex (Fig. 6C). Furca (Fig. Coll. No. 1996.22/1-1996.22/4) and 1 dissected 9 (allotype, 7A) with 7 setae, all 3 anterolateral setae located in Coll. No. 1996.23/1-1996.23/4),each mounted on4 slides. first third oframus. Distribution. - Northeastern Spain, from the Pyr- Male: AI (Fig. 3A, C) 8-segmented, prehensile, enees to Valencia, in the river sytems of Ebro, number of setae starting at proximal segment: 0/6/ Mijares and Júcar. Also at the river Duero on the 4/2/4+Ae/O/O/9+Ae. A2 with allobasis and 1-seg- Iberian Plateau (Meseta). This river flows into the mented exopod carrying 1 pinnate seta (Fig. 3D). Atlantic in north that the Portugal, so species may Distal with them endopod segment 7 setae (2 of have distribution. shows a wider westerly Fig. 1 Contributions to Zoology, 66 (4) - 1997 219 4. Parastenocaris male male female male male Fig. hispanican. sp.: A, pereiopod 1; B, pereiopod 2; C, endopod2; D, pereiopod3; E, 3 1978 male 3 female 3. Scale bar 10 pereiopod from sta. Rouch n° 8; F, pereiopod copepodid V; G, pereiopod µm. geniculate) and hyaline frill. Md with 1-segmented seta and 6 spinules, outer seta of basis absent. P3 with both palp (Fig. 6D) carrying 2 setae. Mxl (Fig. 7D), (Fig. 4D) exopod segments fused, por- precoxal arthrite with 5 setae (1 dorsal surface tion of proximal segment ending in a large seta seta, 3 claw-like pinnate setae and 1 slender seta), ("thumb") reaching beyond end of whole exopod, coxa with 1 seta, basis with 3 setae. Mx2 (Fig. 7C) inner margin with protuberances and tube pore with 2 endite with inner of syncoxa endites, proximal 1, reaching beyond margin segment; portion distal one with 3 setae, basis with strong apical of distal segment ("apophysis") terminally with pinnate claw, endopod represented by 2 setae, strong spine (seta), on outer margin with protuber- distal like bird exopod absent. Mxp 3-segmented (Fig. 6E), ance giving "apophysis" look a finger; segment with 1 seta. endopod represented by 1 seta. P4 (Fig. 5A) with PI (Fig. 4A) with 3-segmented exopod, segment 3-segmented exopod, segment 1 subterminally 2 without setae, segment 3 with 4 setae, endopod with row of 8 large and slender spinules on inner of with inner 2 3 with 2 2 segments, segment 1 1 strong spine margin, segment without setae, segment and inner 1 in middle of segment, segment 2 with 2 setae and apical setae hyaline frill, endopod -seg- hyaline frill. P2 (Fig. 4B) with 3-segmented mented with terminal seta fused to it and 3 with 3-4 subordinate exopod, segments 1 and 3 with hyaline frill, seg- spinules, seta subterminally ment 1 without seta, segment 2 without setae, seg- spinules fused to its outer margin, basis with ment 3 with 3 setae, endopod 1-segmented with 1 hyaline spinule between exopod and endopod, 220 P. Martinez Arbizu - Parastenocaris hispanica n. sp. from hyporheic groundwaters in Spain 5. Parastenocarís male P4 and male 4 female Fig. hispanica n. sp.: A, opposite endopod; B, pereiopod copepodidV; C, pereiopod 4; male 5 ventral male 5 lateral view. Scale bar 10 D, pereiopod view; E, pereiopod µm. coxa with 6 slender spinules on inner margin. P5 without subordinate spinules fused to it, and 4 (Fig. 5 D-E) with convex outer margin bearing 4 spinules, basis without hyaline spinule between setae and inner thorn, and with row of spinules exopod and endopod, coxa without spinules on in- 3 along inner margin.
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