See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338936442 Fauna, Spatial Distribution, and Ecological Peculiarities of Oligohaetes (Oligochaeta) and Leeches (Hirudinea) in the Ob’ River Basin Article in Biology Bulletin · January 2020 DOI: 10.1134/S1062359019090085 CITATIONS READS 0 44 2 authors: Евгения Николаевна Крылова Dmitry M. Bezmaternykh Institute for Water and Environmental Problems (IWEP) Institute for Water and Environmental Problems (IWEP) 11 PUBLICATIONS 5 CITATIONS 125 PUBLICATIONS 119 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Current state of the Ob River ecosystem View project MACROZOOBENTHOS IN LAKES OF WESTERN SIBERIA View project All content following this page was uploaded by Dmitry M. Bezmaternykh on 31 January 2020. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. ISSN 1062-3590, Biology Bulletin, 2019, Vol. 46, No. 9, pp. 1001–1011. © Pleiades Publishing, Inc., 2019. Russian Text © The Author(s), 2019, published in Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 2019, Vol. 98, No. 6, pp. 605–615. Fauna, Spatial Distribution, and Ecological Peculiarities of Oligohaetes (Oligochaeta) and Leeches (Hirudinea) in the Ob’ River Basin E. N. Krylovaa, * and D. M. Bezmaternykha, ** aInstitute for Water and Environmental Problems, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Barnaul, 656038 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] **e-mail: [email protected] Received April 27, 2018; revised January 11, 2019; accepted January 13, 2019 Abstract—The fauna, spatial distribution, and ecological features of oligochaetes and leeches of reservoirs and watercourses of the Ob’ River basin (including Teletskoe Lake and Novosibirsk, Belovskoe, and Gile- vskoe reservoirs) have been considered. Published and original data were summarized from 1903 to 2016. Var- ious samplers were used: bottom grabs, scrapers and wash-off from the solid substrates. The assessment of the distribution of oligochaetes in the Ob’ River basin showed that oligochaeto and hirudofauna were formed mainly by eurybiont species, without significant zonal changes. The most common oligochaetes in the Ob’ River basin were Tubifex tubifex (Müller 1774), Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri Claparéde 1862, Spirosperma ferox Eisen 1879, Lumbriculus variegatus (Müller 1773), Stylaria lacustris (Linnaeus 1767), Nais variabilis Piguet. 1906, Chaetogaster diaphanus (Gruithuisen 1828), leeches, Glossiphonia complanata (Linnaeus 1758), Helob- della stagnalis (Linnaeus 1758), and Erpobdella octoculata (Linnaeus 1758). These species were the key com- ponents of benthic biocenoses of the water bodies and watercourses of the Ob’–Irtysh interfluve. The species diversity of oligochaetes and leeches in the Ob’ River basin was much less than that in the large basins of Europe (Volga River) and Eastern Siberia (Lake Baikal) and was comparable with the fauna of certain regions of Europe and the Urals. The largest number of species of oligochaetes and leeches was noted in the well- studied basins of the Upper and Middle Ob’ River. Keywords: oligochaetes, leeches, Ob’ River, tributaries, Teletskoe Lake, Novosibirsk, Belovskoe and Gile- vskoe reservoirs, taxonomic composition, distribution, ecology DOI: 10.1134/S1062359019090085 INTRODUCTION and water bodies of the Upper Ob’ River basin are pre- The Ob’ River has a length of 4338 km. It crosses all conditioned by the significant variety of the natural of western Siberia and has about 2000 tributaries. The environment and the nature of use of its vast territory area of its basin is 2990000 km2 (Zapadnaya Sibir’, (Kirillov, 2001). 1963). Its average discharge is 12700 m3/s, and the Oligochaetes and leeches of the Ob’ River basin greatest is 42800 m3/s. In the middle reaches, the Ob’ have been studied much less than those of the basins of River has a depth of 20 m and a width of 3–4 km. This the European rivers. The first data appeared at the is a river of prolonged high water, which explains the beginning of the 20th century (Michaelsen, 1903; turbidity of the water due to suspension, leading to a Ioffe, 1947; Malevich, 1949), and the largest contribu- decrease in transparency down to 30 cm with low tion to these studies was made by an assistant professor salinity of the waters, as well as prolonged flooding of of Tomsk University, N.A. Zaloznyi (Zaloznyi, 1973, the dead arms of the river and the channels. According 1973a, 1979, 1979a, 1984, 2005, 2007; Zaloznyi and to the hydrological regime, the Ob’ River basin is Krylova, 1996; Zaloznyi and Vorob’ev, 2006). In 1996, divided into the Upper Ob’ River (down to Novosi- under his scientific supervision, studies of oligo- birsk Reservoir), the Middle Ob’ River (down to the chaetes and leeches of the Ob’ River basin began at the mouth of the Irtysh River), and the Lower Ob’ River Institute of Water and Environmental Problems, Sibe- (down to the Gulf of Ob’). The entire diversity of the rian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences. rivers of the Ob’ River basin is subdivided into five This study aims to analyze the current state of the areas: mountain, steppe, swamp, tundra, and delta fauna (composition, spatial distribution) and the ecol- (Zhadin and Gerd, 1961). The features of the forma- ogy of oligochaetes and leeches in the water bodies and tion and functioning of the ecosystems of watercourses streams of the Ob’ River basin. 1001 1002 KRYLOVA, BEZMATERNYKH Table 1. Volume of the material studied Years Number Publications with detailed Water bodies of sampling of samples description of the material Bol’shaya Cheremshanka River 1999 30 Bezmaternykh, 2008 Barnaulka River 1996–2000 300 Bezmaternykh, 2004 Tom’ River 2000, 2001, 2006 44 Koveshnikov and Krylova, 2002 Chumysh River 2001, 2011 30 Yanygina and Krylova, 2012 Izdrevaya River 2003 12 Bezmaternykh, 2007 Irtysh River 2001 30 Koveshnikov, 2014а Reservoir at Chernovoi Urop River 2014 9 Bezmaternykh and Krylova, 2014 Belovskoe Reservoir 2002, 2006, 2008 97 Yanygina et al., 2003; Kirillov et al., 2004 Gilevskoe Reservoir 2012 24 Bezmaternykh and Krylova, 2014, 2016 Novosibirsk Reservoir 2007, 2008 59 Krylova, 2012 Telestkoe Lake 1996–2002, 2004–2006 1512 Krylova, 2004, 2009, 2013 Tributaries of Telestkoe Lake 2006–2008 59 Koveshnikov, 2014 Bol’shoe Shchuch’e Lake 2016 28 Krylova and Koveshnikov, unpublished data Lakes and rivers of Ukok Plateau 2001 45 Krylova, 2003 Lakes and rivers of Yamal Peninsula 2015 30 Krylova and Koveshnikov, unpublished data MATERIALS AND METHODS The basin of the Upper Ob’ River. Eighteen species of oligochaetes from four families and the worms Sampling was carried out in the tributaries of the belonging to family Enchytraeidae, which were not Ob’ River, and in the rivers, lakes, and reservoirs determined down to the species level, were identified belonging to its basin during the ice-free period. The in the zoobenthos of mountain lakes (Ukok Plateau) material for this study was original data obtained in of the Upper Ob’ River basin. The richest family of 1996–2016 (Table 1), as well as published data from Naididae comprised nine species. Among them there 1903–2018 (Michaelsen, 1903; Ioffe, 1947; Malevich, were phyto- and psammophiles (living on algae and 1949; Leshchinskaya, 1962; Chekanovskaya, 1962; sand, respectively, and eating algae and other fouling), Stal’makova, 1968, 1974; Dolgin et al., 1973; Zalo- phytophages, and predators. The other families were znyi, 1973, 1973a, 1979, 1979a, 1984, 2005, 2007; mainly represented by pelophiles and detritus feeders Timm, 1987; Popchenko, 1988; Priroda Yamala, 1995; (organisms living on silt and feeding on bacteria in the Prirodnaya Sreda Yamala, 1995; Zaloznyi and Kry- silt and detritus, respectively). Most species are tem- lova, 1996; Sharapova, 1998, 2007; Bogdanov, 2000; perature-indifferent, eurythermic, and characterized Sharapova and Abdullina, 2004; Nijboer et al., 2004; by a wide geographical range. Cold-water steno- Stepanov, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2014; Stepanova, 2009; therms, L. profundicola (Verrill 1871), Rh. altaianus Stepanova et al., 2011; Palatov and Chertoprud, 2012; Michaelsen 1935, B. lemani (Grube 1880), and H. gor- Fedorova, 2018). dioides (Hartmann 1821) have been also found; one The sampling and processing of the field data was species (Rh. altaianus) was endemic to this region. The carried out using standard hydrobiological methods largest number of species was found in the lakes of the (Rukovodstvo…, 1992). Key identifiers were used for Dzhulukul Depression (Krylova, 2003). taxonomic identification (Chekanovskaya, 1962; In the deep (323.3 m) mountain Teletskoe Lake, 21 Lukin, 1976; Opredelitel’…, 1994). species of oligochaetes have been found belonging to five families: Naididae, Tubificidae, Haplotaxidae, Lumbriculidae, and Lumbricidae (Krylova, 2009, 2013). RESULTS There were five species of leeches; the most common According to the published and original data, 76 species were G. complanata and E. octoculata. species of oligochaetes and 14 species of leeches have In Teletskoe Lake, as in the other deepest lakes been registered in the water bodies of the Ob’ River (Popchenko, 1988), the majority of oligochaetes spe- basin (Table 2). The list is not complete, since there cies, including all phytophilic Naididae, inhabited the are many unexplored reservoirs in the basin of the littoral, which was characterized by a variety of sedi- Middle and Lower Ob’ River. The Upper Ob’ River is ments and plant substrates. Single species of Naididae the