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Alushta-2012 International Conference-School on Plasma Alushta-2012 International Conference-School on Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion and The Adjoint Workshop "Nano- and micro-sized structures in plasmas" Alushta (Crimea), Ukraine, September 17-22, 2012 This Conference is sponsored by: European Physical Society National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology” Science and Technology Center in Ukraine The Adjoint Workshop is sponsored by: International Advisory Committee: O.Agren – Uppsala University, Sweden I.M.Neklyudov – NSC KIPT, NASU, Kharkov, V.Astashynski – IMAF, Minsk, Belarus Ukraine I.G.Brown – LBNL, Berkeley, USA M.P.Petrov – Ioffe Phys.-Tech. Institute, R.Galvao – CBPF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil St.Petersburg, Russia M.Gryaznevich – Culhem Lab. Abingdon, UK A.A.Rukhadze – Inst. of General Phys., Russia C.Hidalgo - CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain M.J.Sadowski – SINS, Warsaw, Poland A.Hassanein – Purdue University, USA V.P.Smirnov – Kurchatov Inst., Moscow, Russia T. Komori - NIFS, Japan J.Stockel – IPP, Prague, Czech Republic E.P.Kruglyakov – INF, Novosibirsk, Russia G.Van Oost - Ghent University, Belgium I.S.Landman – KIT Karlsruhe, Germany F.Wagner – IPP, Greifswald, Germany J.Linke – FZJ, Juelich, Germany J. Winter - Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany O.Motojima – ITER A.G.Zagorodny–Bogolyubov Inst. for Theor. K.Nakajima – Tsukuba Univ., Ibaraki, Japan Phys. (NASU), Kiev, Ukraine Program Committee: K.N.Stepanov (IPP NSC KIPT, NASU)- Chairman Ya.I.Kolesnichenko (KINR, NASU, Kiev) V.A.Makhlaj (IPP NSC KIPT, NASU) – Scientific I.N.Onishchenko (IPENMA NSC KIPT, NASU) Secretary O.S.Pavlichenko (IPP NSC KIPT, NASU, Kharkov) N.A.Azarenkov (Karazin National Univ., Kharkov) K.P.Shamrai (KINR, NASU, Kiev) I.A.Anisimov (T.Shevchenko National Univ., Kiev) V.S.Taran (IPP NSC KIPT, NASU, Kharkov) V.A.Buts (IPENMA NSC KIPT, NASU) V.T.Tolok (NSC KIPT, Kharkov) I.E.Garkusha (IPP NSC KIPT, NASU, Kharkov) V.S.Voitsenya (IPP NSC KIPT, NASU, Kharkov) I.A.Girka (Karazin National Univ., Kharkov) A.M.Yegorov (IPENMA NSC KIPT, NASU, A.A.Goncharov (Inst. of Phys., NASU, Kiev) Kharkov) D.L. Grekov - IPP NSC KIPT, NASU, Kharkov K.A.Yushchenko(Paton Inst. for Welding, NASU,Kiev) V.I.Karas‟ (IPENMA NSC KIPT, NASU) A.G.Zagorodny (Bogolyubov Inst. for Theor. Phys., V.F.Klepikov – IERT, NASU, Kharkov, Ukraine NASU, Kiev) V.A.Zhovtyanski (Inst. of Gases, NASU, Kiev) Organizing Committee of Adjoint Workshop on Nano- and Micro- sized Structures in Plasma I.Denysenko -KhNU, Kharkov, Ukraine - Co-Chairman I.Garkusha - IPP NSC KIPT, Kharkov Ukraine-Co-Chairman Local Organizing Committee: I.M. Neklyudov (NSC KIPT) - Co-Chairman V.A. Makhlaj (IPP NSC KIPT) - Scientific I.E. Garkusha (IPP NSC KIPT) - Co-Chairman Secretary V.S. Voitsenya (IPP NSC KIPT) - Vice V.V. Garkusha (IPP NSC KIPT)- Secretary Chairman V.P. Chizhov (NSC KIPT) M.E. Maznichenko (IPP NSC KIPT) - Vice S.M. Maznichenko (IPP NSC KIPT) Chairman L.K. Tkachenko (IPP NSC KIPT) V.A. Mikhailov (NSC KIPT) - Vice Chairman S.V. Urvantseva (IPP NSC KIPT) A.M. Yegorov (IPENMA NSC KIPT) - Vice A.V. Volobuev (NSC KIPT) Chairman V.V. Yakovleva (IPP NSC KIPT) CONTENTS Preface Invited Lectures……………………………………………………….. 3 Contributed Papers …………………………………………………. 23 Topics: 1. Magnetic Confinement Systems: Stellarators, Tokamaks, Alternative Conceptions………..……………………………... 23 2. Plasma Heating and Current Drive…………………………… 59 3. ITER and Fusion Reactor Aspects..………………………….. 67 4. Basic Plasma Physics …………………………………………... 82 5. Space Plasma………………………………………………….... 101 6. Plasma Dynamics and Plasma–Wall Interaction ……………. 105 7. Plasma Electronics ……………………………………………. 125 8. Low Temperature Plasma and Plasma Technologies ……….. 148 9. Plasma Diagnostics …………………………………………….. 195 Contributed Papers of Adjoint Workshop………………………. 216 Post Deadline reports…………………………………………………. 229 Index of authors………………………………………………….……. 231 1 International Conference and School on Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion ALUSHTA-2012 combined with Adjoint Workshop "Nano- and micro- sized structures in plasmas" follows the previous International Conferences , which were held in Alushta in 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010 and were organized by the National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology” and Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics . More than 100 Ukrainian scientists and 70 foreign participants (from 16 countries) presented about 200 reports during previous Alushta-2010 Conference. Alushta-2012 is sponsored by the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”, Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, European Physical Society (EPS) and Science and Technology Center in Ukraine (STCU). More than 220 abstracts were submitted by Ukrainian and foreign authors and selected by the Program Committee for presentation at the Alushta-2012 Conference. All the abstracts have been divided into 9 groups according to the topics of the Conference Program. The Adjoint Workshop "Nano- and micro-sized structures in plasmas" is supported in part by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. 16 abstracts have been submitted by Ukrainian and foreign authors and selected by the Program Committee for presentation at the Adjoint Workshop sesions. Since the abstracts presented in this volume were prepared in camera-ready form, and the time for the technical editing was very limited, the Editors and the Publishing Office do not take responsibility for eventual errors. Hence, all the questions referring to the context or numerical data should be addressed to the authors directly. We hope that the contributed papers and invited talks, to be given at the Conference and Adjoint Workshop, will supply new valuable information about the present status of plasma physics and controlled fusion research. We also hope that the Conference will promote further development of plasma physics and fusion oriented research as well as the scientific collaboration among different plasma research groups in Ukraine and abroad. Program and Local Organizing Committees 2 INVITED LECTURES I-01 MODELLING OF MATERIAL DAMAGE AND HIGH ENERGY IMPACTS ON TOKAMAK PFCs DURING TRANSIENT LOADS B. Bazylev1, I. Landman1, S. Pestchanyi1, Yu. Igitkhanov1, R.A. Pitts2, S. Putvinski2, S. Brezinsek3, M. Lehnen3, J.W. Coenen3, V. Philipps3 1Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, IHM, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany 2 ITER Organization, Route de Vinon sur Verdon, 13115 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France 3 Institute of Energy and Climate Research – Plasma Physics, Forschungzentrum Jülich EURATOM-FZJ, Partner of Trilateral Euregio Cluster, 52425 Jülich, Germany Tungsten (W) is planned in the nuclear phases (and even now possibly from the beginning of non-active operations) as the armour material for plasma-facing components (PFCs) in the ITER divertor and as the main PFC material of future tokamak reactors. Beryllium (Be) will be used as first wall (FW) plasma-facing material on ITER [1] and is currently being used as FW in the new JET ITER-like Wall (ILW) configuration. Uncontrolled off-normal and transient events, such as ELMs (Edge Localized Modes), VDEs (Vertical Displacement Events) and disruptions on ITER have the potential to drive significant erosion of PFC surfaces by vaporization and melting [2]. In particular, melt motion followed by melt splashing of metallic armour components can be very serious, leading to deterioration of PFC surface topology (and possible consequences for subsequent plasma operation), a decrease in PFC lifetime production of Be and W dust in the form of re- solidified droplets. Scaling from today‟s experiments to ITER predicts [1-2] that due to the high thermal energy of the confined burning plasma (>0.3 GJ), uncontrolled transient heat fluxes on the PFCs could reach values in the following range: I) Divertor target: Type I ELMs: 0.5 – 4 MJ/m2 on the timescale of 0.3-0.6 ms; disruption thermal quench (TQ): 2-25 MJ/m2 (1-5 ms). II) FW: Type I ELMs 0.5 – 2 MJ/m2 (0.3-0.6 ms); TQ: up to 13 MJ/m2 for major disruptions and up to 30 MJ/m2 for upward and downward VDEs (few ms). During disruptions mitigated with massive gas injection (MGI), photon fluxes in the range 0.1 – 2 MJ/m2 (2-5 ms) can be deposited on the FW. The runaway electron fluxes, which are expected to be generated during the current quench (CQ) of mitigated and unmitigated disruptions, can exceed 35-70 MJ/m2 (1-100 ms). The anticipated impact of these powerful ITER transients cannot be reproduced in existing tokamaks. Alternative devices, such as powerful plasma guns are thus used for armour testing under extreme conditions. However, the transients created in these facilities cannot simultaneously match all characteristics of ITER transients and estimates of the damage to be expected on ITER must be supported by numerical simulations with using the codes, benchmarked against experiments. The 2D version of the melt motion code MEMOS has been successfully benchmarked against experiments on the plasma guns for the ELM-like heat loads (QSPA-T, QSPA-Kh50) and on TEXTOR tokamak for long pulse heat loads. This paper describes a series of applications of the codes MEMOS (in 2D and 3D versions), ENDEP and TOKES, developed at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, to specific ITER transient loading on both W and Be surfaces in the case of W divertor PFC melting due to disruptions (MEMOS), RE impact on Be first wall panels (MEMOS and ENDEP) and estimates of MGI driven photon radiation flash first wall heating (TOKES). An account is also given of benchmarking studies in which these codes have been compared with results obtained on the JET and TEXTOR tokamaks. [1] R. Mitteau et al., Phys. Scr. T145 (2011) 014081, [2] A. Loarte, et al., Phys. Scr. T128 (2007) 222 3 I-02 RF DISCHARGE DYNAMICS WITH PASSING OVER L- AND H-LIKE MODE STATES IN THE URAGAN-3M TORSATRON V. V. Chechkin, I. M. Pankratov, L. I. Grigor‟eva, A. A. Beletskii, A. A. Kasilov, V. Ye. Moiseenko, V. K. Pashnev, P. Ya. Burchenko, A. V. Lozin, S. A. Tsybenko, A. S. Slavnyj, N. B. Dreval, A.
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