IUC-Programme-IUC-Climate-Action-Plan
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IUC ASIA COMPONENT 2: SUB-NATIONAL ACTION UNDER THE GLOBAL COVENANT OF MAYORS INITIATIVE CLIMATE ACTION PLAN DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA, MALAYSIA, AND VIETNAM IUC ASIA IUC ASIA FOREWORD EXECUTIVE SUMMARY MICHEL MOUCHIROUD With the support from the European The HelpDesk, supported by its technical partners, assists Union, International Urban Cooperation the pilot cities in developing CAPs that show the cities’ Deputy Head of FPI Regional Team (IUC) Asia programme selects twelve commitments to address climate change by reducing GHGs for Asia & Pacific – European Union (EU) cities to receive technical assistance as emissions, adapting to the impacts of climate change, and Foreign Policy Instruments (FPI) pilot cities to develop their own globally- delivering wider social, environmental, and economic recognised Climate Action Plans (CAPs), benefits. The technical assistance is comprised of step-by- in compliance with GCoM’s Common step training and knowledge sharing on how to develop This publication summarises the results of climate action planning provided by the EU and its partners in 12 pilot cities of Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam. These cities and their civil servants show that local action can identify Reporting Framework (CRF). TThe pilot each essential component of a CAP, namely baseline GHG the best approaches to address climate and urban challenges. cities are located in three different emissions inventory, target setting, risk and vulnerability countries: Indonesia (Palembang, Depok, assessment, monitoring/verification, and climate finance When signing the Paris Agreement, the European Union pledged to lead in tackling and curbing climate change Malang, Denpasar, and Makassar), options/implementation. The CAPs are expected to be globally, starting with the target of zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. This is also why the EU decided to Malaysia (Penampang, Tawau, Muar, and become references for replication in other GCoM cities. take an active role in encouraging cities and institutions across the world to join the Global Covenant of Mayors Hang Tuah Jaya), and Vietnam (Tam Ky, for Energy and Climate (GCoM). Da Nang, and Can Tho). The EU would like to particularly thank the CCROM-SEAP in Indonesia, the LLooww CarbonCarbon AsiaAsia RResearesearchch CCentrentree (LCARC) at the UTM in Malaysia, UNHABITAT for Vietnam and CDP for their guidance, work and partnership. The EU is also thankful for the coordination provided by UCLG ASPAC as Regional Secretariat of the GCoM in South Key Findings: East Asia. Finally, I would like to call out to all ambitious cities, national institutions, academia, experts wishing to take a In assisting the 12 pilot cities in the Meanwhile, in Indonesian pilot cities, with exception of stand on climate so that they join the GCoM. It is through shared vision and collective action that we can have a Southeast Asian region, IUC Asia Palembang, the largest shares of stationary energy emission serious shot at climate mitigation and adaptation. collected varying amount of data from are produced by the residential sectors which corresponds both the mitigation and adaptation to its biggest portion of land use. planning. This leads to a number of findings which highlight patterns within It is also interesting to highlight that per capita emission of the region. all pilot cities is slightly higher or about the same with the national average emission. This supports the fact that cities In climate mitigation, it is found that significantly contribute environmental impact in the global DR. BERNADIA TJANDRADEWI the energy sector significantly level, further emphasizing the importance of local actions to dominates the source of emissions in all meaningfully reduce emission. Secretary General of United Cities and Indonesian, Malaysian and Vietnamese In climate adaptation, we found that flood is the climate Local Governments Asia Pacific (UCLG ASPAC) pilot cities, specifically the stationary energy – including both direct and hazard found in all twelve IUC Asia’s pilot cities across three indirect emissions on grid electricity countries. Additionally, it has become evident that the On the behalf of the UCLG ASPAC as the Secretariat of GCoM in Southeast Asia, it gives me immense pleasure to consumption. Upon further inspection, adaptation actions adopted in Indonesian pilot cities is present International Urban Cooperation (IUC) Asia’s final publication on “Climate Action Plan Development in the sources of these stationary energy substantially different than the ones adopted in Malaysia and Indonesia, Malaysia, and Vietnam.” emissions differ in each country. Both in Vietnam. Apparently, this is due to the fact that the characteristics of Indonesian pilot cities are contrasting to I commend all IUC Asia pilot cities for their relentless commitment to demonstrate local initiatives and build a Malaysian and Vietnamese pilot cities, both the Malaysian and Vietnamese cities – the population comprehensive Climate Action Plan for a long-term and long-lasting change at the city level. Moving forward, the the emissions are mostly produced by density in Indonesia is ranging between 4,400 to 11,000 Climate Action Plan will be the foundation of other cities’ efforts in strategising green and resilient recovery from the industrial sectors and this fact is people/km2, while the population density in both Malaysia the COVID-19 pandemic. I trust that this publication will become an important reference for future climate action further supported by the data of each and Vietnam fall between the number of 65 to 1,400 planning in the Southeast Asia. city’s major economic activities which 2 revolve around industrial production. people/km . Therefore, the adaptation actions planned for We believe that a better global future lies in cities’ innovation and action. Therefore, UCLG ASPAC will continue Indonesian pilot cities are focused on the issue of high to contribute to achieving urban climate resilience by promoting partnerships between cities and local density and rapid urbanization which contributes to their governments and other key actors. Let us sustain this momentum to ensure that our climate goals are achieved. low adaptive capacity. 2 IUC ASIA IUC ASIA 3 WHAT IS THE IUC? Cities contain more than half of the world’s population and they consume more than two-thirds of the world’s energy. As the areas in which most people live and work, cities are increasingly acknowledged as the arena in which solutions to major societal and environmental challenges must be developed and implemented. The International Urban Cooperation (IUC) The IUC programme activities supports the achievement programme aims to enable cities in of bilateral policy objectives as well as major international different global regions to link up and agreements on urban development and climate change, share solutions to common problems. It is such as the Urban Agenda, the Sustainable Development part of a long-term strategy by the Goals, and the Paris Agreement. European Union to foster sustainable TABLE OF urban and regional development in The IUC programme itself consists of three components: cooperation with both the public and one focused on addressing diverse urban challenges CONTENTS private sectors. Through engaging in the through city-to-city cooperation, a second that supports IUC, cities will have the chance to share cities in contributing to the Paris Agreement via the and exchange knowledge with their Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy international counterparts, building a (GCoM), and a final pillar that strengthens inter-regional greener, more prosperous future. innovation through region-to-region pairings. 02 Forewords 39 Malaysia 03 Executive Summary 44 Hang Tuah Jaya What is the IUC Muar IUC ASIA COMPONENT 2: 05 49 Sub-national action under the Global Covenant of Mayors Initiative 09 Indonesia 54 Penampang The Global Covenant of Mayors is a global alliance In partnership with GCoM Southeast Asia of cities and local governments voluntarily Secretariat, managed by the United Cities and committed to fighting climate change, reducing Local Governments in Asia Pacific (UCLG 14 Palembang 59 Tawau its unavoidable impacts and facilitating access to ASPAC), IUC Asia encourages Southeast Asian sustainable and affordable energy for all. cities to join the alliance and acquire capacity building opportunities for their overall Climate 19 Malang 65 Viet Nam As the Paris Agreement entered into force, its Action Plans (CAPs) development. success rests with cities, businesses, communities and global citizens around the world. Through a IUC Asia also selected twelve cities to receive 24 Makassar 70 Can Tho voluntary commitment to reducing local technical assistance as pilot cities to develop greenhouse gas emissions, enhancing resilience to their own globally-recognized CAPs in climate change, transitioning to a low-carbon compliance with GCoM’s Common Reporting 29 Denpasar 74 Da Nang economy and tracking their progress Framework (CRF). The pilot cities are comprised transparently, GCoM committed mayors and local of Palembang, Depok, Malang, Denpasar and officials all around the world are working towards Makassar in Indonesia, Penampang, Tawau, Muar 34 Depok 78 Tam Ky sustainable solutions to climate-related threats and Hang Tuah Jaya in Malaysia and Tam Ky, Da and advancing global climate progress to get us Nang and Can Tho in Vietnam. further faster. 4 IUC ASIA IUC ASIA 5 CLIMATE ACTION PLAN: MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION Steps of City Climate Action Planning based