QUICK DESIGN GUIDE QUICK TIPS (--THIS SECTION DOES NOT PRINT--) Captive Whales (--THIS SECTION DOES NOT PRINT--)

This PowerPoint 2007 template produces a 36x48 This PowerPoint template requires basic PowerPoint inch professional poster. You can use it to create By Kateryna Litvinchuk (version 2007 or newer) skills. Below is a list of your research poster and save valuable time placing commonly asked questions specific to this template. titles, subtitles, text, and graphics. If you are using an older version of PowerPoint some template features may not work properly. We provide a series of online tutorials that will guide you through the poster design process and answer your poster production questions. Introduction Health Issues In Captivity Template FAQs

To view our template tutorials, go online to Killer whales, also known as orcas, are In the wild, a mature male killer whale has They are able to learn local dialects, teach one Verifying the quality of your graphics PosterPresentations.com and click on HELP DESK. members of the dolphin family and are the top a two-metre-high vertical dorsal fin. However, another specialized methods of hunting and pass on Go to the VIEW menu and click on ZOOM to set your predator is the ecosystem. They are one of the when the whales are raised in captivity, the fin flops behaviors that can persist for generations. To preferred magnification. This template is at 100% When you are ready to print your poster, go online most intelligent marine creatures, and over on its side, which is a sign of sexual prepare orcas for performance, trainers usually the size of the final poster. All text and graphics will to PosterPresentations.com. dimorphism, or in other words a developed work on a one-on-one basis with an individual orca be printed at 100% their size. To see what your therefore are very popular with captivity. difference between the same species (Clark, 1999). to build a relationship with them (Spear, 2007). poster will look like when printed, set the zoom to Need Assistance? Call us at 1.866.649.3004 However orcas captivity limits their freedom, According to John Ford, Vancouver Aquarium's 100% and evaluate the quality of all your graphics before you submit your poster for printing. happiness, as well as causes poor health and curator of marine mammals, the dorsal fin is a “In 1991, in Sealand of the Pacific, Canada, a female trainer, More Issues with Captivity can lead to many tragic consequences not only Keltie Byrne, was drowned by three orca whales, one being "secondary sex feature used to demonstrate Object Placeholders a 5 tonne male named Tilikum, when she fell into their tank. for the orcas but for humans as well. With all dominance or superior ranking during competitive It seems like there would be no issued with capturing Modifying the layout In 1999, in Sea World, Florida, a 29-year-old man, Daniel mating”(Bohn, 1991). There is no scientific proof of orcas, since they are not being harmed or hurt in This template has four different those negative effects of whale captivity, is it Dukes, was found dead, draped over the back of an orca – Using the placeholders that living in captivity affects their dorsal fin to flip, any way, and once captured, killer whales are being column layouts. Right-click To add text, click inside a placeholder on the poster worth continuing to capture whales? Tilikum.” (Captive, 2012). however, many animal right activists believe that its taken care of and given shelter and food, and even your mouse on the background and type or paste your text. To move a placeholder, Conclusion "a sign of abnormal health because it doesn't occur some interaction with other captive whales. However, and click on LAYOUT to see the click it once (to select it). Place your cursor on its layout options. The columns in frame, and your cursor will change to this symbol in healthy animals in the wild" (Bohn, 1991). even though there is no scientific proof of orcas Killer whales have been captured for over a period Capture and Breeding being harmed because of capture, many orcas have the provided layouts are fixed and cannot be moved Click once and drag it to a new location where you Whales in captivity can also more often of 60 years now, and seems like the norm, but many but advanced users can modify any layout by going shown a decreased lifespan, a bent dorsal fin, and can resize it. develop bacterial infections that damage their animal activists protest the continuation of whale to VIEW and then SLIDE MASTER. Trying to capture orcas is not as easy as increased chance of developing an infection (Sawyer, nervous system and causes them to be captures because they believe it is hurtful to their Section Header placeholder catching fish for example. Not only they are large nonresponsive to humans. Many captive killer 2012). Orcas are very social marine animals, who physical and emotional health. Though it may seem Click and drag this preformatted section header sized heavy and strong marine animals, but they are . whales die prematurely, with the average life at rely on each other as well as their environment to be that killer whales are not being harmed in captivity, Importing text and graphics from external sources placeholder to the poster area to add another also very intelligent, so in order to catch an orca, a happy. To communicate, navigate, and hunt for food, TEXT: Paste or type your text into a pre-existing section header. Use section headers to separate about ten years, as opposed to living in the wild for and if anything are being well taken care of. knowledge of their “weak points” is necessary. orcas rely on echolocation, which is the process of placeholder or drag in a new placeholder from the topics or concepts within your presentation. 50-80 years (Sawyer, 2012). However, by living in captivity orcas have no Orcas have family instinct, and tend to hang left side of the template. Move it anywhere as emitting sound and then interpreting the vibrations freedom to do what they want and therefore their together in groups, so if one orca is captured, others (Sawyer, 2012). However, in captivity, the sound needed. emotional health is being harmed, affecting their will try to support it (Hoyt, 1992). They are also cannot bounce off the solid concrete tanks that the well being, ability to coordinate and their senses get PHOTOS: Drag in a picture placeholder, size it first, Text placeholder very cautious and at the same time curios about nets orcas are forced to live in. Making it impossible for weaker, as well as their happiness. click in it and insert a photo from the menu. Move this preformatted text placeholder to the and often times would get caught by accident. them to navigate or find food, and effects their poster to add a new body of text. The main areas of whale capturing are in emotional health. Orcas also cannot communicate Work Cited TABLES: You can copy and paste a table from an

British Columbia, Washington State, around Iceland and socialize with other captive whales whenever external document onto this poster template. To … Captive Orca: Behind the Scenes or Behind Bars? (2012, November 27). Retrieved May region, and Japan-Russia region. Trying to catch they want to, which also results in harming their 5,2012, from Orca Aware website: http://bdmlr-orcaaware.blogspot.com/2012/11/captive- adjust the way the text fits within the cells of a orca-behind-scenes-or-behind_14.html table that has been pasted, right-click on the table, orcas, captors have used harpoons, hoop nets, gill emotional health (Last, 2012). Many captive killer Clark, Steven T. and Daniel K. Odell. (1999, Aug 3). “Allometric Relationships and Sexual Dimorphism...” Journal of Mammalogy. Vol. 80, No. 3, Retrieved May 5, 2013, from click FORMAT SHAPE then click on TEXT BOX and Picture placeholder and purse seine nets (Hoyt, 1992). However, the whales die prematurely, with the average life at about http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/1383247?uid=3739560&uid=2134&uid=2&uid=70&uid =4&uid=3739256&sid=21101986782573 change the INTERNAL MARGIN values to 0.25. ten years (Last, 2012). Move this graphic placeholder onto your poster, size capturing process and being taken away from their Bohn, Glen V. S. (1991, Mar 17). Killer whales and captivity; what threat, if any, does life it first, and then click it to add a picture to the in the aquarium bubble pose to the health of these giant sea mammals. Edmonton Journal. home and family is very stressful for orcas. During Measurements of a dorsal fin of a wild orca on the right, Retrieved April 30, 2013, from Attacks on Humans http://search.proquest.com/docview/251763683?accountid=38871 poster. the harpooning orcas often times do not survive for compared to an orca in captivity on the left (Jett, 2011). Modifying the color scheme Hoyt, Erich. Chapter 3 of The Performing Orca-Why the Show Must Stop. Whale and very long, in some cases they only lived for 1-2 Killer whales in captivity pose a danger to Dolphin Conservation Society. Bath U.K. 1992. Retrieved May 5, 2013, from To change the color scheme of this template go to http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/whales/keiko/world.html years (Hoyt, 1992). Once captured orcas are also trainers, with four documented deaths and a long list Jett, S. John and Jeffrey M. Ventre. (2011). Keto nad Tilikum Express the Stress of Orca the DESIGN menu and click on COLORS. You can Intelligence and Training Captivity. The orca project. Retrieved May 5, 2013, from Worldpress website: being overbred, crossbred, and inbred which of attacks. However there is no threat of orcas http://theorcaproject.wordpress.com/2011/01/20/keto-tilikum-express-stress-of-orca- choose from the provided color combinations or As we all know, killer whales are one of the most captivity/ create your own. threatens their health, and is not how orcas would attacking human in the wild. According to the Last, J. V. (2012, Aug 04). REVIEW --- books: How killer whales become killers. Wall Street naturally breed. popular marine animals to perform at shows in research there have been over 100 documented Journal. Retrieved April 30, 2013, from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1030988767?accountid=38871 Sawyer, Melissa.(2012, Dec 12). Captive Killer Whales. Teen Ink, Vol. 24 Issue 4, p21-21, places such as Sea World, because of their attacks in captivity, but no human deaths from orcas 1p, 1 Illustration. Retrieved May 2, 2013, from

intelligence and ability to be trained to perform http://search.ebscohost.com.libraryaccess.sdmiramar.edu:8080/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ul have been recorded in the wild (Sawyer, 2012). h&AN=85179561&site=src-live tricks, jumps, and interesting behaviors. Orcas have Spear, K. (2010, Mar 07). Killer whales -- how smart? Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved April 30, the second-biggest brains among all ocean 2013, from http://search.proquest.com/docview/284319218?accountid=38871

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