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Electroweak and Flavor Dynamics at Hadron Colliders–I

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Electroweak and Flavor Dynamics at Hadron Colliders–I Electroweak and Flavor Dynamics at Hadron Colliders±I b Estia Eichtena and Kenneth Lane a Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 500 Batavia, IL 60510 b Department of Physics, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215 ABSTRACT technipions are listed for some simple models in Section 3. The most promising processes involve production of an isovector This is the ®rst of two reports cataloging the principal sig- 1 technirho T resonance and its subsequent decay into technip- pp pp natures of electroweak and ¯avor dynamics at and col- M < 2M ion pairs. Walking technicolor suggests that ,in T 1 liders. Here, we discuss some of the signatures of dynamical T ! W W W W 1 L L L T L which case T or, more likely, ,where is elecroweak and ¯avor symmetry breaking. The framework for a longitudinal weak boson. We also discuss a potentially impor- dynamical symmetry breaking we assume is technicolor, with ! T 1 tant new signal: the isoscalar T , degenerate with , and de- a walking coupling TC, and extended technicolor. The re- p Z T caying spectacularly to T and . The most important sub- < s actions discussed occur mainly at subprocess energies ^ processes for colored technihadrons are discussed in Section 4. eV 1T . They include production of color-singlet and octet tech- These involve a color-octet s-channel resonance with the same nirhos and their decay into pairs of technipions, longitudinal 8 quantum numbers as the gluon; this technirho T dominates weak bosons, or jets. Technipions, in turn, decay predominantly M < 2M colored technipion pair production. If ,then T 8 into heavy fermions. T ! qq gg 8 T and , a resonance in dijet production. The main signatures of topcolor-assisted technicolor, top- I. INTRODUCTION 0 V Z 8 pions t and the color-octet and singlet of broken topcolor This is the ®rst of two reports summarizing the major sig- gauge symmetries, are described in the following report, as are nals for dynamical electroweak and ¯avor symmetry breaking the signatures for quark and lepton substructure. At the end of in experiments at the Tevatron Collider and the Large Hadron the second report, we have provided a table which summarizes Collider. The division into two reports is done solely to ac- the main processes and sample cross sections at the Tevatron and comodate the length requirements imposed on contributions to LHC. Our reports are not intended to constitute a complete sur- the Snowmass '96 proceedings. In contrast, the motivations for vey of electroweak and ¯avor dynamics signatures accessible at these studies are clear: We do not know the mechanism of elec- hadron colliders. We have limited our discussion to processes troweak symmetry breaking nor the physics underlying ¯avor with the largest production cross sections and most promising and its symmetry breaking. The dynamical scenarios whose sig- signal-to-background ratios. Even for the processes we list, we nals we catalog provide an attractive theoretical alternative to have not provided detailed cross sections for signals and back- perturbative supersymmetry models. At the same time, they grounds. Signal rates depend on masses and model parameters; p they and the backgrounds also depend strongly on detector capa- give experimentalists a set of high- T signatures that challenge heavy-¯avor tagging, tracking and calorimetryÐdetector sub- bilities. Experimenters in the detector collaborations will have systems somewhat complementary to those tested by supersym- to carry out these studies. metry searches. Finally, many of the most important signs of electroweak and ¯avor dynamics have sizable rates and are de- II. OVERVIEW OF TECHNICOLOR AND tected relatively easily in hadron collider experiments. Exten- EXTENDED TECHNICOLOR sive searches are underway in both Tevatron Collider collabora- tions, CDF and Dé. We hope that these reports will inspire and TechnicolorÐa strong interaction of fermions and gauge 1TeV help the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations to begin their studies. bosons at the scale TC Ðis a scenario for This report lists some of the major signals for dynamical elec- the dynamical breakdown of electroweak symmetry to troweak and ¯avor symmetry breaking in experiments at the electromagnetism[1]. Based on the similar phenomenon Tevatron Collider and the Large Hadron Collider. Section 2 of chiral symmetry breakdown in QCD, technicolor is explicitly contains a brief overview of technicolor and extended techni- de®ned and completely natural. To account for the masses color. This discussion includes summaries of the main ideas that of quarks, leptons, and Goldstone ªtechnipionsº in such a have developed over the past decade: walking technicolor, mul- scheme, technicolor, ordinary color, and ¯avor symmetries are tiscale technicolor, and topcolor-assisted technicolor. Hadron embedded in a larger gauge group, called extended technicolor collider signals of technicolor involve production of technipi- (ETC)[2]. The ETC symmetry is broken down to technicolor qq gg = O(100 TeV) ons via annihilationand fusion. These technipions include and color at a scale ET C . Many signatures W Z L the longitudinal weak bosons L and as well as the pseudo- of ETC are expected in the energy regime of 100 GeV to Goldstone bosons T of dynamical symmetry breaking. The 1 TeV, the region covered by the Tevatron and Large Hadron T are generally expected to have Higgs-boson-like couplings Colliders. For a review of technicolor developments up through to fermions and, therefore, to decay to heavy, long-lived quarks 1993, see Ref. [3]. The principal signals in hadron collider and leptons. experiments of ªclassicalº technicolor and extended technicolor The subprocess production cross sections for color-singlet were discussed in Ref. [4]. In the minimal technicolor model, 1001 containing just one technifermion doublet, the only prominent condensate models of electroweak symmetry breaking[10, 11], signals in high energy collider experiments are the modest en- almost all of the top quark mass arises from a new strong ªtop- hancements in longitudinally-polarized weak boson production. colorº interaction. To maintain electroweak symmetry between s m ' These are the -channel color-singlet technirho resonances near (left-handed) top and bottom quarks and yet not generate b + 0 0 ! W W ! W Z m SU (3) 1.5±2 TeV: and .Thesmall t , the topcolor gauge group is generally taken to be T 1 L L T 1 L L 2 ( ) U (1) U (1) O cross sections of these processes and the dif®culty of , with the providing the difference between top and reconstructing weak-boson pairs with reasonable ef®ciency bottom quarks. Then, in order that topcolor interactions be m make observing these enhancements a challenge. Nonminimal naturalÐi.e., that their energy scale not be far above t Ðand technicolor models are much more accessible because they have yet not introduce large weak isospin violation, it is necessary a rich spectrum of lower energy technirho vector mesons and that electroweak symmetry breaking is still due mainly to tech- technipion ( T ) states into which they may decay. In the one- nicolor interactions[12]. In TC2 models, ETC interactions are family model, containing one isodoublet each of color-triplet still needed to generate the light and bottom quark masses, con- (U; D ) (N; E) m techniquarks and color-singlet technileptons ,tribute a few GeV to t , and give mass to the technipions. (8) SU (8) the technifermion chiral symmetry is SU .There The scale of ETC interactions still must be hundreds of TeV T are 63 T and , classi®ed according to how they transform to suppress FCNC and, so, the technicolor coupling must still (3) SU (2) under ordinary color SU times weak isospin .The walk. Two recent papers developing the TC2 scenario are in 00 0 0 2 (1; 1) W ;Z ; 2 (1; 3) technipions are ; and ; Ref. [13]. Although the phenomenology of TC2 is in its infancy, T L T L T 0 2 (8; 1) ; 2 (8; 3) color octets T and ; and color-triplet it is expected to share general features with multiscale techni- T8 T 8 ; 2(3; 3) (3; 1) (3; 3) (3; 1) leptoquarks .The color: many technihadron states, some carrying ordinary color, QL LQ T belong to the same representations. some within range of the Tevatron, and almost all easily pro- Because of the con¯ict between constraints on ¯avor- duced and detected at the LHC at moderate luminosities. changing neutral currents and the magnitude of ETC-generated We assume throughout that the technicolor gauge group is SU (N ) quark, lepton and technipion masses, classical technicolor was TC and that its gauge coupling walks. A minimal, superseded a decade ago by ªwalkingº technicolor. In this one-doublet model can have a walking TC only if the tech- kind of gauge theory, the strong technicolor coupling TC nifermions belong to a large non-fundamental representation. runs very slowly for a large range of momenta, possibly all the For nonminimalmodels, we generally consider the phenomenol- way up to the ETC scaleÐwhich must be several 100 TeV to ogy of the lighter technifermions transforming according to the N suppress FCNC. This slowly-running coupling permits quark fundamental ( TC) representation; some of these may also be and lepton masses as large as a few GeV to be generated from ordinary color triplets. In almost all respects, walking models (3) ETC interactions at this very high scale [5]. are very different from QCD with a few fundamental SU rep- Walking technicolor models require a large number of tech- resentations. Thus, arguments based on naive scaling from QCD N TC and on large- certainly are suspect. In TC2, there is no need nifermions in order that TC runs slowly. These fermions may belong to many copies of the fundamental representation of the for large isospin splitting in the technifermion sector associated technicolor gauge group, to a few higher dimensional represen- with the top-bottommass difference.
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