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Alternative Route Lenoth
The overall length of a particular route can be an indicator of the relative level of land use impacts. That is, generally the shorter the route, the less land is crossed and the fewer potential impacts would result. The total lengths of the alternative routes vary from approximately 32.7 miles for Alternative Route 2, to approximately 51.0 miles each for Alternative Routes 10 and 17. The route lengths reflect the direct or indirect pathway of each alternative route between the Project endpoints. The lengths of the alternative routes may also reflect the effort to parallel existing transmission lines, other existing linear features, apparent property boundaries, and the geographic diversity of the alternative routes. The approximate lengths for each of the alternative routes are presented in Table 4-1.
Impacts on Residential Areas
Typically, one of the rnost important measures of potential land use impacts is the number of habitable structures located near each alternative route. Based on direction provided by the Commission, habitable structure identification is included in the CCN filing. POWER determined the number of habitable structures located within 500 feet of each alternative route centerline and their distance from the centerline using GIS software, interpretation of aerial photography, and verification during reconnaissance surveys.
All 18 alternative routes have habitable structures located within 500 feet of their centerlines. The number of habitable structures located within 500 feet of each alternative route centerline ranges from 16 for Alternative Route 10, to 38 each for Alternative Routes 9 and 18. The numbers of habitable structures located within 500 feet of each alternative route centerline are presented in Table 4-1. Refer to Tables 5-2 through 5-19 located in Section 5.1 for detailed information on habitable structures for each alternative route. All known habitable structure locations are shown on Figure 5-1 (Appendix C).
Compatible ROW
Commission rules at 16 TAC § 25.101(b)(3)(B) require the Commission to consider whether new transmission line routes are within existing compatible ROWs and/or parallel to existing compatible ROWs, apparent property lines, other natural or cultural features. Criteria were used to evaluate compatible ROW utilization, length of route parallel and adjacent to existing transmission line ROW, length of route parallel to other existing linear ROWs, and length of route parallel to apparent property lines.
It should also be noted that if a link parallels more than one existing linear corridor, only one linear corridor was tabulated (e.g., a link parallels both an existing transmission line and a roadway, but it was only tabulated as paralleling the transmission line).
None of the alternative routes are proposed to utilize existing transmission line ROW. The alternative routes with lengths paralleling existing transmission line ROW range from 0.3 mile for Alternative Route 13, to 6.5 miles for Alternative Route 18. The lengths parallel and adjacent to existing transmission line ROW for each of the alternative routes are presented in Table 4-1.
The alternative routes with lengths paralleling other existing compatible ROW, including highways, roads, and railways (excluding pipelines) range from approximately 13.1 miles for Alternative Route
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3, to approximately 36.5 miles for Alternative Route 8. The lengths paralleling other existing compatible ROW for each of the alternative routes are presented in Table 4-1.
The alternative routes were developed to parallel apparent property boundaries or other natural or cultural features to the extent feasible in the absence of other existing compatible ROW. The route lengths paralleling apparent property lines (or other natural or cultural features) range from approximately 3.5 miles for Alternative Route 5, to approximately 12.0 miles each for Alternative Routes 10 and 17. The lengths paralleling apparent property boundaries (or other natural or cultural features) for each of the alternative routes are presented in Table 4-1.
Typically, a more representative account for the consideration of whether new transmission line routes are parallel to existing compatible ROWs, apparent property lines, or other natural or cultural features (not including pipelines) is demonstrated with the percentage of each total route length parallel to any of these features. These percentages can be calculated for each alternative route by adding up the total length parallel to existing transmission lines, other existing ROW, and apparent property lines and then dividing the result by the total length of the alternative route. All the alternative routes parallel existing linear features for some portion of their lengths. The percentage of the alternative routes paralleling existing linear features ranges from approximately 84 percent for Alternative Route 4, to approximately 93 percent for Alternative Route 12.
Impacts on Aciriculture
Impacts to agricultural land uses can generally be ranked by degree of potential impact, with the least potential impact occurring in areas where cultivation is not the primary use (pasture/rangeland), followed by cultivated croplands. The use of cultivated cropland and pasture/rangeland can typically be continued within the ROW following construction.
Most of the alternative routes cross lengths of cropland areas not irrigated by traveling systems; however, due to the relatively small area directly affected (beneath the structure foundations), and the short-term duration of construction activities at any one location, impacts are limited to a small loss of production area associated with the structures and temporary impacts related to construction. Alternative route lengths crossing cropland areas not irrigated by traveling systems; range from approximately 18.6 miles for Alternative Route 1, to approximately 33.3 miles for Alternative Route 13. The lengths of each of the alternative routes crossing croplands not irrigated by traveling systems are presented in Table 4-1.
All the alternative routes cross land with known rolling or pivot type mobile irrigation systems; however, the alternative routes were developed in these areas along field edges in order to span the arc of the mobile systems with minimal impact to the systems and land use. Therefore, no significant impacts to the mobile irrigation systems are anticipated. Alternative route lengths crossing land with known rolling or pivot type mobile irrigation systems range from approximately 1.8 miles for Alternative Route 2, to approximately 6.2 miles for Alternative Route 6. The lengths of each of the alternative routes crossing land with known rolling or pivot type mobile irrigation systems are presented in Table 4-1.
All the alternative routes cross lengths of pasture/rangeland (including CRP lands); however, because the ROW for this Project will not be fenced or otherwise separated from adjacent lands, no significant long-term displacement of farming or grazing activities is anticipated. Alternative route lengths crossing pasture/rangeland areas range from approximately 8.8 miles for Alternative Route 3, to approximately 18.7 miles for Alternative Route 9. The lengths of each of the alternative routes crossing pasture/rangeland are presented in Table 4-1.
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Impacts on Oil and Gas Facilities
Oil and gas wells and associated treatment facilities and pipelines were identified within the study area using 2015 RRC data layers, aerial photo interpretation, and GIS software generated measurements. In some instances, the set-back distance was reduced due to the need to traverse a particular area to connect the Project endpoints while also considering other existing constraints in the area. There are no existing known oil and gas wells within 200 feet of the ROW centerline and no length of any alternative routes is parallel to pipeline ROW.
The number of known transmission pipelines crossed by each alternative route ranges from approximately 10 each for Alternative Routes 9, 14, and 15, to approximately 16 for Alternative Route 6. The numbers of pipeline crossings for each of the alternative routes are presented in Table 4-1. Pipelines that are crossed by the alternative route approved by the Commission will be indicated on engineering drawings and flagged in the field prior to construction. Sharyland will coordinate with pipeline companies during transmission line construction and operation for continued safe operation of potentially-affected oil and gas facilities.
Impacts on Transportation, Aviation, and Utility Features
Transportation
Potential impacts to transportation could include temporary disruption of traffic or conflicts with future proposed roadways and/or utility improvements. Traffic disruptions would include those associated with the movement of equipment and materials to the ROW, and slightly increased traffic flow and/or periodic congestion during the construction phase of the proposed Project. In the rural portions of the study area, these impacts are typically considered minor and temporary. In the developed portions of the study area, the temporary impacts to traffic flow can be significant during construction, and Sharyland will coordinate with TxDOT, county, and local agencies in control of the impacted roadways to address these traffic flow impacts during the construction phase of the Project.
The number of IHs, US Hwys, and SHs crossed by the alternative routes range from seven each for Alternative Routes 4, 12, 13, and 16, to eight each for the remaining 14 alternative routes. The number of FM roads crossed by each alternative route range from five for Alternative Route 12, to 12 for Alternative Route 7. As mentioned above, Sharyland would be required to obtain road-crossing permits from TxDOT for any crossing of state-maintained roadways. The numbers of IHs, US Hwys, SHs, and FM road crossings for each of the alternative routes are presented in Table 4-1.
Aviation
The proposed transmission line is not anticipated to have significant effects on aviation operations within the study area.
Two public-use or military FAA registered airports were identified within 20,000 feet of the centerlines of the alternative routes, Abernathy Municipal Airport (closed indefinitely) and Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport. Alternative Route 1 has both public FAA registered airports with one runway more than 3,200 feet in length located within 20,000 feet of the centerline, while the remaining 17 alternative routes have only one.
None of the alternative routes have a FAA registered airport with no runway more than 3,200 feet in length located within 10,000 feet of the centerline.
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There are no public-use or private-use heliports identified within 5,000 feet of any of the alternative routes. Following Commission approval of a route for the proposed transmission line, Sharyland will make a final determination of the need for any FAA notifications, based on specific route location and structure design.
One known active private airstrip not subject to 14 CFR Part 77.9 notification requirements was identified within 10,000 feet of Alternative Routes 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, and 15 each. None of the remaining alternative routes are within 10,000 feet of a private airstrip.
The number of airports, airstrips, and heliports for each of the alternative routes are presented in Tables 4-1 and 4-3. The distance for each airport/airstrip/heliport from the nearest segment was measured using GIS and aerial photography interpretation. All airport/airstrip/heliport locations within the vicinity of the alternative routes are shown on Figure 5-1 (Appendix C).
TABLE 4-3 AIRSTRIP RUNWAY LOCATIONS 7,
, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, Abemathy Municipal Airport 2007 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 4,000 Yes (Closed Indefinitely) 16, 17, 18 2009 Private Airstrip 2 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15 NA NA Lubbock Preston Smith International 2010 1 8,003 No Airport (FAA Public) IFAA 2017; POWER aerial photo and USGS interpretation. 2POWER aerial photo and USGS interpretation considering elevation information obtained from USGS topographic maps and a typical transmission structure height of 130 feet
Utility Features
Utility features, including existing electrical transmission lines, distribution lines, and water wells are crossed by all of the alternative routes. If these utility features are crossed by or are in close proximity to the alternative route centerline approved by the Commission, Sharyland will coordinate with the appropriate entities as required to ensure safety and the continued use of the existing services provided by these utility features.
Several existing electric transmission lines were identified within the study area. The number of existing transmission lines crossed by the alternative routes range from 11 each for Alternative Routes 5, 10, 11, 14, 15, and 17, to approximately 18 each for Alternative Routes 2 and 3. The number of transmission line crossings for each of the alternative routes is presented in Table 4-1.
Each of the 18 alternative routes has two water aqueduct crossings. The number aqueduct crossings of each alternative route are presented in Table 4-1.
The number of water wells located within 200 feet of each alternative route centerline range from 12 for Alternative Route 1, to 37 each for Alternative Routes 15, 16, and 17. The number of water wells located within 200 feet of each alternative route centerline is presented in Table 4-1.
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Impacts on Electronic Communication Facilities
None of the alternative routes would have a significant impact on electronic communication facilities or operations in the study area. One commercial AM radio tower was identified within 10,000 feet of each of the 18 alternative route centerlines. The number of FM radio transmitter, microwave tower and/or other electronic installations identified within 2,000 feet of the alternative routes range from zero (0) for Alternative Routes 14 and 15, to five for Alternative Route 2.
The number of AM radio towers located within 10,000 feet and FM radio transmitter, microwave tower and/or other electronic installations located within 2,000 feet for each of the alternative routes are presented in Tables 4-1 and 4-4. The distance for each electronic communication facility from the nearest segment was measured using GIS and aerial photography interpretation. All known electronic communication facility locations within the vicinity of the alternative routes are shown on Figure 5-1 (Appendix C).
TABLE 4-4 ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION FACILITIES
e
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1009 AM Tower #1 (KBZO) 8,330 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 1001 Other electronic installation 1 12 1,200 1002 Other electronic installation 2 1,2 870 1003 Other electronic installation 3 2,3, 4, 6,11 343 1004 Other electronic installation 4 (KRBL) 6, 7, 8,10,11,13, 16, 17 594 1005 Other electronic installation 5 5, 12, 18 1,815 1006 Other electronic installation 6 10, 11, 17 1,378 1007 Other electronic installation 7 2, 3, 9, 227 1008 Other electronic installation 8 2, 3, 9, 13, 16 143 *POWER aerial photo and USGS interpretation; FCC 2018.
Impacts on Conservation Easements
As discussed in Section 2.2.1, other than lands enrolled in CRP, no conservation easement areas within the study area were identified, based on a review of the NCED, The Nature Conservancy (TNC), TLC, and other non-governmental land trust groups. CRP lands are common throughout the study area and are generally not a constraint in approval or construction of a transmission line. Generally, only the relatively small area where a structure is located would be converted and taken out of CRP. Any costs to the landowner must repay for converted lands are addressed during easement acquisition. Lands that may be currently enrolled in CRP would be included in the length or ROW through pasture/rangeland (including CRP lands) criterion. The proposed Project is not anticipated to have a significant impact on lands with known conservation easements or lands enrolled in CRP.
4.1.2 Impacts on Socioeconomics
Construction and operation of the proposed transmission line is not anticipated to result in a significant change in the population or employment rate within the study area. For this Project, some
AUS 146-0259 (PER-02) SHARYLAND 150405 (2018-06-01) LD PAGE 117 405 POWER ENGINEERS, INC. Abemathy to Wadsworth 345 kV Transmission Line Project short-term employment would be anticipated. Sharyland typically uses contract labor supervised by Sharyland employees during the clearing and construction phase of transmission line projects. Construction workers for the Project would likely commute to the work site on a daily or weekly basis instead of permanently relocating to the area. The temporary workforce increase would likely result in an increase in local retail sales due to purchases of lodging, food, fuel, and other merchandise for the duration of construction activities. No additional staff would be required for line operations and maintenance. Sharyland is required to pay sales tax on purchases and is subject to paying local property tax on land or improvements as applicable.
4.2 Impacts on Parks and Recreation Areas
Potential impacts to parks and/or recreation areas include the disruption or preemption of recreation activities. There are no parks and/or recreation areas crossed by any of the alternative route centerlines. However, there is one park and/or recreation located within 1,000 feet of Alternative Routes 7, 10, 13, 16, and 17. The TPWD Dove Lease #2498 (Map ID 3001) is approximately 104 feet from the nearest alternative route. No impacts to the use or enjoyment of the parks and/or recreation facilities located within the study area are anticipated from the construction of any of the alternative routes.
4.3 Impacts on Historical (Cultural Resource) and Aesthetic Values
Methods for identifying, evaluating, and mitigating impacts to cultural resources have been established for federal projects or permitting actions, primarily for purposes of compliance with the NHPA. Similar methods are often used when considering cultural resources affected by state- regulated actions. In either case, this process generally involves: (1) identifying significant (i.e., national or state-designated) cultural resources within 1,000 feet of the centerline of each alternative route; (2) determining the potential impacts of the Project on those resources; and (3) implementing, where appropriate, measures to avoid, minimize, or mitigate those impacts.
Impacts associated with the construction, operation, and maintenance of transmission lines can affect cultural resources either directly or indirectly. Construction activities associated with any proposed project can potentially adversely impact cultural resources if those activities alter the integrity of key characteristics that contribute to a property's significance as defined by the standards of the NRHP or the Texas State Antiquities Code. These characteristics might include location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, or association for architectural and engineering resources or information potential for archeological resources.
4.3.1 Direct Impacts
Direct impacts are those effects that physically alter the integrity of key aspects or qualities that define the historical significance of the resource. Typically, direct impacts are caused by the actual construction of the line or through increased vehicular traffic during the construction phase.
4.3.2 Indirect Impacts
Indirect impacts include those effects caused by the Project that are farther removed in distance or that occur later in time but are reasonably foreseeable. These indirect impacts might include introduction of visual or audible elements that are out of character with the resource or its setting. Indirect impacts might also occur as a result of alterations in the pattern of land use, changes in
AUS 146-0259 (PER-02) SHARYLAND 150405 (2018-06-01) LD PAGE 118 406 POWER ENGINEERS, INC. Abemathy to Wadsworth 345 kV Transmission Line Project population density, accelerated growth rates, or increased pedestrian or vehicular traffic after construction. Historic buildings, structures, landscapes, and districts are among the types of resources that might be adversely impacted by the indirect impact of the proposed transmission towers and lines.
4.3.3 Mitigation
Mitigation for direct and indirect impacts to cultural resources may be achieved, where appropriate, by avoidance through Project redesign. Additional mitigation measures for direct impacts may include implementing a program for data recovery excavations if an archeological site cannot be avoided. Indirect impacts on historical properties and landscapes can be lessened through careful design and landscaping considerations, such as using vegetation screens or berms where practicable. Additionally, relocation might be possible for some historic structures.
4.3.4 Summary of Cultural Resource Impacts
The distance of each recorded archeological site, NRHP property, and cemetery located within 1,000 feet from the nearest route was measured using GIS software and aerial photography interpretation. One archeological site, 41LU127, is recorded approximately 172 feet from Alternative Routes 1, 2, 3, and 4 centerlines. Site 41LU127 is a scatter of historic trash, and an ash stain likely resulting from burning trash piles. Although it has not been formally assessed for listing on the NRHP, it is judged by those who recorded the site to be ineligible for listing on the NRHP. Neither of the cemeteries recorded within 1,000 feet of the alternative routes are crossed by the routes. The Idalou Cemetery is approximately 288 feet from the centerlines of Alternative Routes 9, 12, and 16; and the Becton Cemetery approximately 138 feet from the centerlines of Alternative Routes 9 and 12. No NRHP- listed or eligible archeological sites or built resource are within 1,000 feet of Project alternative route centerlines, nor are any crossed by the proposed alternative routes.
Because a cultural resource survey has not been conducted for most of the alternative routes, additional cultural resources sites that have not yet been recorded or evaluated might also exist within these corridors. Consequently, the potential of impacting undiscovered cultural resources exists along many of the alternative routes. To assess this potential, high probability areas (HPAs) for additional, unrecorded prehistoric resources were identified by a professional archeologist by reviewing aerial, soil, and topographic maps. Topography, availability of water and other natural resources are all taken into consideration to determine HPAs, as well as the effects of geologic processes on archeological deposits. Sites located in the area are most often found clustered around, or in close proximity to, natural sources of water, particularly near draws (Buchanan 1995). HPAs for prehistoric sites were identified near streams, playas, level terraces overlooking stream channels, and previously recorded archeological sites.
All the Project alternative routes cross HPAs for prehistoric cultural resources. HPAs crossed by the alternative routes were identified near playas, the Double Mountain Fork of the Brazos River, and Crawfish Draw. Alternative Routes 3, 4, and 2 cross the least amount of HPA, with 6.0, 6.4, and 7.4 miles of HPA, respectively. Alternative Routes 8, 16, and 17 cross the most HPA, with 14.2, 14.9, and 15.0 miles of HPA crossed, respectively. Alternative route lengths across HPA areas are shown in Table 4-1.
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4.3.5 Impacts on Aesthetic Values
Aesthetic impacts, or impacts to visual resources, exist when the ROW, lines and/or structures of a transmission line system create an intrusion into, or substantially alter the character of, the existing view. The significance of the impact is directly related to the quality of the view, as is the case for natural scenic areas, or to the importance of the existing setting in the use and/or enjoyment of an area, as is the case for valued community resources and recreational areas.
Construction of the proposed transmission line could have both temporary and permanent aesthetic impacts. Temporary impacts would include views of the actual assembly and erection of the tower structures. If wooded areas are cleared, the brush and wood debris could have an additional negative temporary impact on the local visual environment. Permanent impacts from the Project would involve the views of the cleared ROW, tower structures, and lines from public viewpoints including roadways, recreational areas, and scenic overlooks.
Since no designated landscapes protected from most forms of development or legislation were identified within the study area, potential visibility impacts were evaluated by estimating the length of each alternative route that would fall within the foreground visual zones (one-half mile with unobstructed views) of major highways, FM roads, and parks or recreational areas. There are two parks/recreational areas located within one-half mile of the alternative routes. These include TPWD Public Hunting areas. The alternative route lengths within the foreground visual zone of IHs, US Hwys, SHs, and FM roads were tabulated and are discussed below.
All the alternative routes have some length located within the foreground visual zone of IHs, US Hwys, and SHs. Alternative Route 16 has the longest length of ROW within the foreground visual zone of IHs, US Hwys, and SHs, with approximately 6.4 miles, followed by Alternative Route 9 with approximately 4.7 miles. Alternative Routes 4 and 13 include approximately 3.3 miles; Alternative Routes 2 and 3 include approximately 3.9 miles each followed by Alternative Route 1 with approximately 2.5 miles. The remaining alternative routes have the least, each with approximately 2.2 miles.
The alternative routes have some portion of the routes located within the foreground visual zone of FM roads. Alternative Route 7 has the longest length of ROW within the foreground visual zone of FM roads, with approximately 20.9 miles, followed by Alternative Route 16 with approximately 19.6 miles. Alternative Route,12 has the least, with approximately 7.0 miles, followed by Alternative Route 14 with approximately 8.3 miles. A summary of the lengths for each of the alternative routes within the foreground visual zone of IHs, US Hwys, and SHs and FM roads is presented in Table 4-1.
Five alternative routes have an estimated length of ROW within foreground visual zone of parks and/or recreational areas. Alternative Routes 7, 10, 16, and 17 have approximately 1.5 miles, and Alternative Route 13 has approximately 2.0 miles feet within the estimated foreground visual zone of TPWD Idalou Public Hunting Area (#2498).
Overall, the rural landscape throughout the study area is primarily characterized by cultivated lands with mobile irrigation systems. The residential and agricultural developments within the study area have already impacted the aesthetic quality within the region from public viewpoints. The construction of any of the alternative routes is not anticipated to significantly impact the aesthetic quality of the landscape.
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4.4 Impacts on Environmental Integrity
4.4.1 Impacts on Physiography and Geology
Construction of the proposed transmission line is not anticipated to have any significant adverse effects on the physiographic or geologic features and resources of the study area. Erection of the structures will require the excavation and/or minor disturbance of small quantities of near-surface materials but should have no measurable impacts on the geologic resources or features along the route. No geologic hazards are anticipated to be created by the Project.
4.4.2 Impacts on Soils
Activities associated with the construction, operation, and maintenance of electrical transmission lines typically do not adversely impact soils when appropriate mitigation measures are implemented during the construction phase. Potential impacts to soils include erosion, compaction, and the conversion of prime farmland soils.
The highest risk for soil erosion and compaction is primarily associated with the construction phase of a project. In accordance with Sharyland's standard construction practices, ROW clearing of woody vegetation including trees, brush, and undergrowth will be conducted within the primary ROW area. Areas where vegetation is removed have the highest potential for soil erosion, and the use of heavy equipment on the cleared ROW creates the greatest potential for soil compaction. Prior to construction, Sharyland will develop a SWPPP as needed to minimize potential impacts associated with soil erosion, compaction, and sedimentation of the ROW. Implementation of this plan will incorporate temporary and permanent BMPs to minimize soil erosion on the ROW during significant rainfall events. The SWPPP will also establish the criteria for re-vegetation and mitigating soil compaction to ensure adequate soil stabilization during the construction and post-construction phases.
During construction, the native herbaceous layer of vegetation will be maintained to the extent practicable. Denuded areas with a high erosion potential, including steep slopes and areas with shallow topsoil, might require seeding and/or implementation of permanent BMPs (e.g., soil berms or interceptor slopes) to stabilize disturbed areas and minimize soil erosion potential during the post- construction phase. The ROW will be inspected prior to and during construction to ensure that potential high-erosion areas are identified and appropriate BMPs are implemented and maintained. The ROW will be inspected post-construction to identify areas where erosion control measures will need to be in place to assist in soil stabilization.
The Project crosses areas designated as prime farmland soils, however; the USDA-NRCS does not consider the limited area of direct impact associated with these structures to be a significant conversion of these soils, and most of the ROW would be available for agricultural use once construction of the transmission line is completed. No significant conversions of prime or state important soils are anticipated by the Project.
4.4.3 Impacts on Water Resources
Impacts on Surface Water
Each alternative route would cross ephemeral streams, draws, and playas. These surface waters will often attract wildlife and can also support a fishery if they maintain a perennial characteristic.
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Sharyland proposes to span all surface waters crossed by any of the alternative routes. Structure locations would be outside of the ordinary high-water marks for spanned surface waters. Hand-cutting of woody vegetation within the ordinary high-water marks would be implemented, where practical, and limited to the removal of woody vegetation as necessary to meet conductor to ground clearances. The shorter understory and herbaceous layers of vegetation would remain, where allowable, and BMPs would be implemented in accordance with the SWPPP to reduce the potential for sedimentation outside of the ROW.
The lengths of open water crossings, lengths parallel with streams, and the number of streams crossed by each alternative route are presented in Table 4-1. The alternative route lengths crossing open waters (lakes, and ponds) range from approximately 0.01 mile for Alternative Routes 1, 2, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18, to approximately 0.04 mile for Alternative Route 13. The open water crossings for these routes do not exceed the typical span length of the transmission line. Because Sharyland proposes to span these features, no significant impacts are anticipated to these resources.
None of the alternative routes have any length of ROW parallel (within 100 feet) to streams or rivers.
The number of stream (draw) and/or /river crossings range from one for Alternative Routes 4, 12, 13, and 16, to two for the remaining 14 routes. Most of these streams are ephemeral in nature and since all surface waters are proposed to be spanned and a SWPPP will be implemented during construction, no significant impacts are anticipated to surface water integrity or water quality.
Impacts on Ground Water
The construction, operation, and maintenance of the proposed transmission line are not anticipated to adversely affect groundwater resources within the study area, though potential fuel and/or chemical spills during the construction process could potentially impact both surface water and groundwater resources. Thus, standard operating procedures and spill response specifications relating to petroleum product storage, refueling, and maintenance activities of equipment are provided as a component of the SWPPP to avoid and minimize potential contamination to water resources. Sharyland will take all necessary and available precautions to avoid and minimize the occurrence of such spills, and any remedial and disposal activities associated with any accidental spills will be in accordance with state and federal regulations.
Impacts on Floodplains
All 18 alternative routes cross FEMA mapped 100-year floodplains. The length of route across mapped 100-year floodplains ranges from 2.3 miles for Alternative Route 1, to 6.0 miles for Alternative Route 11. No construction activities are anticipated that would significantly impede the flow of water within watersheds. Engineering design should alleviate the potential of construction activities to adversely impact flood channels and proper structure placement would minimize any flow impedance during a major flood event. The construction of the transmission line is not likely to significantly impact the overall function of a floodplain, or adversely affect adjacent or downstream properties. Sharyland will coordinate with the county floodplain administrators as necessary.
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4.4.4 Impacts on Ecological Resources
Impacts on Vegetation
Potential impacts to vegetation would result from clearing the ROW of woody vegetation and/or herbaceous vegetation. These activities facilitate ROW access for structure construction, line stringing, and future maintenance activities of the proposed transmission line. Impacts to vegetation would be limited to the ROW. Woody vegetation removal within the ROW would be required if present. ROW clearing activities will be completed while minimizing the impacts to existing groundcover vegetation when practical. Mowing and/or shredding of herbaceous vegetation may be required within grasslands/pasturelands. Future ROW maintenance activities may include periodic mowing and/or herbicide applications to maintain the herbaceous vegetation layer within the ROW.
The lengths of each route crossing upland woodlands potentially requiring woody vegetation removal were calculated after delineating upland and bottom/land riparian woodlands based on aerial imagery, NWI wetland data, and NHD stream data. The lengths of the alternative routes crossing upland woodlands range from approximately 0.0 (zero) mile for Alternative Routes 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, and 17, to approximately 0.04 mile for Alternative Routes 1, 2, 3, and 4. The length of the alternative routes crossing bottomland/riparian woodlands ranges from approximately 0.1 mile for Alternative Routes 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 14, 15, 17, and 18, to approximately 0.4 mile for Route 16. The lengths of each alternative route riparian and mesquite brushland are provided in Table 4-1.
Clearing of trees and shrubs or herbaceous cover may cause a degree of habitat fragmentation. The magnitude of habitat fragmentation is minimized by paralleling an existing linear feature such as a transmission line, roadway, or railway. During the route development process, consideration was given to maximize the length of the route parallel to existing linear corridors to minimize impact to or avoid woodland areas. Clearing would occur only where necessary to provide access, work space and future maintenance access to the ROW.
Impacts on Wetlands
Wetlands serve as habitat to a number of species and are often used as migration corridors for wildlife. Removal of vegetation within wetlands increases the potential for erosion and sedimentation, which can be detrimental to downstream plant communities and aquatic life. Removal of woody vegetation within any wetlands crossed may be conducted by using hand-clearing methods to avoid disturbance of the soil profile and to preserve the herbaceous vegetation layer. Additionally, mitigation measures can be implemented during construction activities to further avoid and/or minimize potential impacts to wetlands. NWI mapped wetland areas in the study area are typically restricted to playa lakes, small palustrine unconsolidated substrate ponds, and natural depressions. These areas would be spanned with temporary impacts limited to accessing each structure during construction. Impact minimization measures (e.g., timber matting, access road minimization) can be implemented to reduce temporary impacts if avoidance is not practical.
The temporary and/or permanent placement of fill material within jurisdictional surface waters and associated wetlands requires a permit from the USACE under Section 404 of the CWA. Streams crossed within the study area may be subject to regulation under Section 404 of the CWA and these have been avoided where practical, and the placement of fill material may be avoided through spanning. Therefore, a Section 404 permit is not anticipated for the Project. Prior to construction, an assessment of the Commission approved route would be completed to determine if there would be
AUS 146-0259 (PER-02) SHARYLAND 150405 (2018-06-01) LD PAGE 123 411 POWER ENGINEERS, INC. Abemathy to Wadsworth 345 kV Transmission Line Project any planned impacts to possible jurisdictional areas. If necessary, Sharyland will coordinate with the USACE prior to clearing and construction to ensure compliance with Section 404 of the CWA.
All 18 of the alternative routes cross USFWS NWI mapped wetlands and/or playa lakes, as shown in Table 4-1. The lengths of the alternative routes crossing NWI mapped wetlands and/or playa lakes range from approximately 0.7 mile for Alternative Route 1, to approximately 1.9 mile for Alternative Routes 10 and 11. Sharyland proposes to span jurisdictional or non-jurisdictional wetland features where practical. Sharyland proposes to implement BMPs as a component of its SWPPP to prevent off-ROW sedimentation and degradation of any wetland areas. If emergent wetland areas are traversed by equipment, matting can be used to minimize the potential temporary impacts. With Sharyland's use of these impact avoidance and minimization measures, the approved route is not anticipated to have a significant impact on jurisdictional or non-jurisdictional wetlands.
Impacts on Wildlife and Fisheries
The primary impacts of construction activities on terrestrial wildlife species are typically associated with temporary disturbances from construction activities and with the removal of vegetation (habitat modification/fragmentation). Increased noise and equipment movement during construction may temporarily displace mobile wildlife species from the immediate workspace area. These impacts are considered short-term and normal wildlife movements would be expected to resume after construction is completed. Potential long-term impacts include those resulting from habitat modifications and/or fragmentation. During the routing process, POWER attempted to minimize potential habitat fragmentation by paralleling existing linear features and avoiding paralleling streams to the extent feasible.
Construction activities may impact small, immobile, or fossorial (living underground) animal species. Impacts to these species may occur due to equipment or vehicular movement on the ROW by direct impact or due to the compaction of the soil if the species is fossorial. Potential impacts of this type are not typically considered significant and are not likely to have an adverse effect on any species population dynamics.
Based on aerial photograph and TXNDD (2018) data, field reconnaissance data, and review of aerial imagery, prairie dog colonies occur within the study area. The lengths of the alternative routes crossing known prairie dog towns range from approximately 0.1 mile for Alternative Route 3, to approximately 5.2 miles for Alternative Route 8. Sharyland may complete a pedestrian survey of the Commission-approved route to identify these features and will implement impact minimization measures as necessary.
If ROW clearing occurs during bird nesting season, potential impacts could occur within the ROW area related to migratory bird eggs and/or nestlings. Increases in noise and equipment activity levels during construction could also potentially disturb breeding or other activities of bird species nesting in areas adjacent to the ROW. Sharyland proposes to complete all ROW clearing and construction activities in compliance with the MBTA to avoid or minimize potential impacts.
Transmission lines can also present additional hazards to birds due to electrocutions and/or collisions. Measures can be implemented to minimize this risk with transmission line engineering designs. The electrocution risk to birds should not be significant since the engineering design distance between conductors, conductor to structure, or conductor to ground wire for the proposed transmission line is greater than the wingspan of any bird potentially within the area (i.e., greater than eight feet). While the conductors are typically thick enough to be seen and avoided by birds in flight, the OPGW wire is thinner and can present a risk for avian collision. This risk can be minimized by installing bird flight
AUS 146-0259 (PER-02) SHARYLAND 150405 (2018-06-01) LD PAGE 124 412 POWER ENGINEERS, INC. Abemathy to Wadsworth 345 kV Transmission Line Project diverters or other marking devices on the line within potential high bird use areas. Sharyland will identify high bird use areas for the approved route, where practical.
Potential impacts to aquatic systems would include effects of erosion, siltation, and sedimentation. Clearing the ROW of vegetation might result in increased suspended solids in the surface waters traversed by the transmission line. Increases in suspended solids might adversely affect aquatic organisms that require relatively clear water for foraging and/or reproduction. Physical aquatic habitat loss or alteration could result wherever riparian vegetation is removed and temporary crossings required for access roads. Increased levels of siltation or sedimentation might also potentially impact downstream areas, primarily affecting filter feeding benthic and other aquatic invertebrates.
To avoid or minimize these impacts, Sharyland proposes to span all surface waters where practical. Additionally, the implementation of a SWPPP and BMPs will also minimize potential impacts. Therefore, no significant adverse impacts are anticipated to any aquatic habitats crossed or located adjacent to the ROW for the transmission line.
Construction of the proposed transmission line is not anticipated to have direct adverse impacts to wildlife and fisheries within the study area. Direct impacts would be associated with the loss or modification of habitat which is reflected in the vegetation analysis discussed above. Habitat fragmentation was minimized by paralleling existing linear features to the extent feasible. While highly mobile animals might be temporarily displaced from habitats near the ROW during the construction phase, normal movement patterns should return after Project construction is complete. Implementation of a SWPPP utilizing BMPs will minimize potential impacts to aquatic habitats and aquatic species; such as fish and mollusks.
Impacts on Threatened and Endangered Species
To determine potential impacts to threatened or endangered species, POWER reviewed several sources of information. Known element occurrence data for the study area was obtained from the TXNDD and comments were received from TPWD (Appendix A). Current county listings for federal- and state-listed threatened and endangered species and USFWS designated critical habitat locations were included in the review. POWER also utilized several published sources to review life histories and habitat requirements of listed species as previously discussed in Section 2.5.4.
No federal- or state-listed threatened or endangered plant species were listed for the Project counties (TPWD 2018c; USFWS 2018b). Therefore, the construction of any of these alternative routes not anticipated to have any adverse impacts any threatened or endangered plant species.
None the alternative routes cross known habitat or designated critical habitat for any federally-listed animal species (USFWS 2018b). Review of the TXNDD (2018) data did not indicate any previous occurrences of any federally listed species or state listed species within the study area. If any potential suitable habitat for federally-listed threatened or endangered species is identified during a field survey of the Commission approved route, Sharyland will further coordinate with the USFWS and TPWD to determine avoidance or mitigation strategies.
Bald eagles may occur within the study area as rare nesting migrants or winter visitors and are usually associated with mature trees near large bodies of water. If during further biological surveys and/or construction activities, any bald eagle roost or nest trees are identified within the vicinity of the Project, Sharyland will refer to the National Bald Eagle Management Guidelines to avoid and minimize harm and disturbance of bald eagles as recommended by the USFWS.
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State- and federally-listed avian migrant species such as the peregrine falcon, interior least tern, piping plover, red knot, white-faced ibis, and whooping crane are not anticipated to occur within the study area, except as rare non-breeding migrants. These seasonal habitats may be spanned or avoided entirely; the proposed Project is not anticipated to have any adverse impacts to these species.
The Texas homed lizard may be subject to minor temporary disturbance during construction activities if the species is present. If this species is observed during construction activities, it will be allowed to leave the ROW on its own accord or be relocated by a TPWD permitted individual. The construction of a transmission line does not include activities associated with collecting, hooking, hunting, netting, shooting, or snaring by any means or device and does not include an attempt to conduct such activities. Therefore, "take of state-listed species as defined in Section 1.01(5) of the Texas Parks and Wildlife Code, is not anticipated by this Project.
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5.0 ROUTE EVALUATION
The purpose of this study was to delineate and evaluate alternative routes for Sharyland's proposed 345 kV transmission line that would connect the existing Abernathy Station to a new proposed 345 kV yard adjacent to the existing 115 kV Wadsworth Station. POWER completed an environmental analysis of 18 primary alternative routes (Section 4.0), the results of which are shown in Table 4-1. The environmental evaluation was a comparison of the alternative routes strictly from an environmental standpoint (i.e., land use, aesthetics, ecology, and cultural resources) based upon measurement of the environmental criteria (Table 2-1) and the consensus opinion of POWER's group of evaluators. POWER used this information to evaluate and rank the alternative routes and to recommend an alternative route that provides the best balance between land use, aesthetic, ecological, and cultural resource factors. Sharyland considered this information along with engineering, construction, maintenance, and operational factors, cost estimates, and comments from agencies and the public, to identify a route that best addresses the requirements of applicable portions of PURA and the Commission Substantive Rules. POWER's evaluation is discussed below.
5.1 POWER's Environmental Evaluation
POWER used a consensus process to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of the alternative routes. POWER professionals with expertise in different environmental disciplines (land use, ecology, and cultural resources), as well as POWER's Project Manager, evaluated all the alternative routes based on the environmental conditions present along each route. This evaluation was based on the evaluation criteria, comments received from the public, and local, state, and federal agencies, and field reconnaissance of the study area. Each POWER technical expert independently analyzed the routes and the environmental data presented in Table 4-1 and then independently ranked the routes with respect to potential impacts within each technical expert's respective discipline. The evaluators each ranked the alternatives from 1st to 18th (with 1 st having the least potential impact and 18th the greatest potential impact). The results of these rankings are summarized in Table 5-1. The evaluators then met as a group and discussed their independent results. The group determined the relationship and relative sensitivity among the major land use, ecological, and cultural resource factors. The evaluators agreed that all 18 alternative routes were viable and acceptable from an overall land use, aesthetic, ecology, and cultural resource perspective. The group then ranked the alternative routes based strictly from the standpoint of land use, aesthetics, ecology, and cultural resources.
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TABLE 5-1 POWER'S ENVIRONMENTAL RANKING OF THE ALTERNATIVE ROUTES , • MOW Cultural Land Use Ecology Project Alternative Route Resources Consensus Specialist Specialist Manager Specialist Route 1 1st 3rd 1st 1 st 1st Route 2 2nd 1st 4th 21d 2nd Route 3 3rd 2nd 3rd 3rd 3rd Route 4 4th 4th 2nd 4th 4th Route 5 5th 6th 7th 6th 6th Route 6 14th 12th 14th 13th 13th Route 7 12th 11 th 13th 1 1 th 1 1 th Route 8 13th 13th 12th 12th 12th Route 9 7th 8th 16th 8th 8th Route 10 17th 18th llth 17th 18th Route 11 11 th 17th 18th 14th 14th Route 12 10th 10th 15th 0th 1 Oth Route 13 15th 14th 5th 15th 15th Route 14 8th 5th 1 Oth 5th 5th Route 15 9th 9th 9th 10th 9th Route 16 16th 15th 8th 18th 17th Route 17 18th 16th 17th 16th 16th Route 18 6th 7th 6th 7th 7th
The land use evaluation placed the greatest importance on the number of habitable structures within 500 feet of the ROW centerline, the overall length of the route, length through irrigated croplands, and length paralleling other existing compatible ROW. The land use specialist ranked Alternative Route 1 as having the least potential land use impact and Alternative Route 17 as having the greatest potential land use impact.
The ecology evaluation was based primarily on potential impacts to NWI mapped wetlands and playa lakes, length of ROW across known prairie dog towns, overall length of route, and length paralleling other existing compatible ROW and existing linear features to reduce habitat fragmentation. The ecologist ranked Alternative Route 2 as having the least potential ecological impact and Alternative Route 10 as having the most potential ecological impact.
The cultural resources evaluation was based primarily on the number of recorded sites crossed by the alternative routes and the total length of HPA crossed by the alternative routes. The number of recorded historic or prehistoric sites within 1,000 feet of ROW centerline and the number of NRHP- listed or -determined eligible sites within 1,000 feet of the ROW centerline were also considered when evaluating the routes. It is not anticipated that any recorded cultural resources will be impacted by the alternative routes. The cultural resources specialist ranked Alternative Route 1 as having the least potential cultural resource impact and Alternative Route 1 1 as having the most potential cultural resource impact.
The POWER Project Manager also ranked the alternative routes, considering all evaluation criteria. Given the nature of the study area, proximity to habitable structures, paralleling of existing ROW/apparent property lines, the overall length of the alternative route, as well as the length of ROW across croplands, number of water wells, and number of airstrips within proximity to the alternative routes were considered key factors. Potential impact avoidance and minimization
AUS 146-0259 (PER-02) SHARYLAND 150405 (2018-06-01) LD PAGE 128 41 6 POWER ENGINEERS, INC. Abemathy to Wadsworth 345 kV Transmission Line Project measures typically employed during the construction of a transmission line (e.g., whether a feature could be spanned to minimize potential impacts) were also considered. Alternative Route 1 was selected by the POWER Project Manager as the best-balanced route considering all the evaluation criteria reviewed, followed by Alternative Routes 2, 3, 4, and 14.
Based on group discussion of the relative value and importance of each set of criteria (land use, ecology, and cultural resources) for this specific Project, it was the consensus of the group of POWER evaluators that the overall length of each alternative route, the number of habitable structures within 500 feet of each ROW centerline, overall length of the alternative route, percentage of each alternative route paralleling compatible ROWs, and length crossing cropland would be the key factors in their selection of the recommended route and ranking of the remaining alternative routes.
Based on these criteria, the group selected Alternative Route 1 as the alternative route that best balances land use, aesthetic, ecological, and cultural resource factors, and then agreed on ranking the remaining alternative routes. The next top five alternative routes include, Alternative Routes 2, 3, 4, 14, and 5 (in order of preference), were determined to have the least potential cumulative impacts. All the alternative routes are considered viable, acceptable routes that are also geographically diverse.
POWER's recommendation of Alternative Route 1 as the route that best balances the routing criteria related to land use, aesthetics, ecology, and cultural resources, is supported by the following evaluation criteria. Alternative Route 1:
• Is the second shortest alternative route, at 32.9 miles. • Has the fewest newly affected habitable structures within 500 feet of route centerline, with 14. • Does not cross or come within 1,000 feet of any parks and/or recreational areas. • Has the least length of route through cropland, with approximately 18.6 miles. • Has the fifth shortest length of route through land irrigated by traveling systems (rolling or pivot type), with approximately 2.6 miles. • Parallels existing transmission line ROW, existing compatible ROW, and apparent property lines for approximately 86 percent of its total length. • Has no cemeteries within 1,000 feet of the route centerline. • Has no private airstrips within 10,000 feet of the route centerline. • Has the fewest existing water wells within 200 feet of the route centerline, at 12. • Tied with eleven other routes for the least length across bottomland and/or riparian woodlands, with approximately 0.1 mile. • Has the least length of route across mapped NWI wetlands and playa lakes, at 0.7 mile. • Is tied with twelve other routes with having the least length across open water (lakes, ponds, etc.), at 0.01 mile. • Has the least length of route across FEMA mapped100-year floodplains, at 2.3 miles. • Has the forth least length across areas of high archeological and/or historical site potential, at approximately 7.5 miles.
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And, like each of the other alternative routes, Route 1:
• Does not parallel any pipelines. • Does not cross any parks and/or recreational areas. • Has one FAA registered airport (Abernathy Municipal Airport-closed indefinitely) within 10,000 feet of the route centerline. • Has no heliports within 5,000 feet of the route centerline. • Has one commercial AM radio transmitters within 10,000 feet of the route centerline. • Has no existing oil and gas wells within 200 feet of the route centerline. • Has no length of ROW across any known habitat of federally listed endangered or threatened species. • Has no length of ROW parallel (within 100 feet) to streams or rivers. • Does not cross any recorded historic or prehistoric sites. • Has no NRHP-listed or -determined eligible sites crossed by or within 1,000 feet of the route centerline.
POWER's project manager reviewed all data and evaluations produced by the task managers and concurred with the rankings and recommendations for the alternative routes. Therefore, based upon its evaluation of this Project and its experience and expertise in the field of transmission line routing, POWER recommends Alternative Route 1 from an overall environmental perspective and the remaining routes as alternatives. POWER's Environmental Evaluation Tables 5-2 through 5-19 present detailed information on habitable structures and other land use features in the vicinity of the alternative routes. The items in Tables 5-2 through 5-19 and the alternative routes are illustrated on Figure 5-1 in Appendix C.
5.2 Sharyland's Route Selection
Sharyland concluded after reviewing the results of POWER's evaluation in addition to considering other factors including engineering and construction constraints, estimated costs, and agency and landowner concerns that Alternative Route 1 is the route that Sharyland believes best addresses the requirements of PURA and the Commission Substantive Rules.
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TABLE 5-2 HABITABLE STRUCTURES AND OTHER LAND USE FEATURES IN THE VICINITY OF ROUTE 1
Se ment Combination: 1-546-41-53a-125-70-76-88-106-108-110-112-120-123-124
il 1ií :;,, 2 Single-Family Residence 273 E 3 Single-Family Residence 198 E 5 Single-Family Residence 294 E 7 Single-Family Residence 420 E 23 Single-Family Residence 204 W 31 Single-Family Residence 452 E 38 Single-Family Residence 347 E 39 Single-Family Residence 177 E 40 Single-Family Residence 246 E 41 Single-Family Residence 214 E 42 Single-Family Residence 241 E 78 Single-Family Residence 370 NE 79 Single-Family Residence 352 NE 80 Single-Family Residence 482 W 81 Single-Family Residence 389 W 82 Single-Family Residence 490 N 83 Single-Family Residence 165 N 84 Single-Family Residence 224 E 106 Single-Family Residence 291 E 107 Single-Family Residence 219 E 108 Single-Family Residence 373 E 124 Single-Family Residence 473 E 138 Single-Family Residence 160 E 139 Single-Family Residence 432 E 1002 Other Electronic Installation 2 870 E 1009 AM Tower #1 (KBZO) 8,330 SW 2007 Abernathy Municipal (CLOSED) 9,333 E 2010 Lubbock International Airport 19,986 SW - 41LU127 172 W Note. Due to the accuracy of the aerial photography, all habitable structures within 510 feet have been identified