Erythrina variegata LC Taxonomic Authority: L.  Global Assessment  Regional Assessment Region: Global  Endemic to region Synonyms Common Names Chirocalyx candollea Walp. INDIAN CORAL TREE English Chirocalyx divaricatu Walp. Chirocalyx indicus Walp. Chirocalyx pictus Walp. Corallodendron divari (Moc. & Sesse) Kuntze Corallodendron orient (L.) Kuntze Corallodendron spath (DC.) Kuntze Erythrina alba Cogn. & Marchal Erythrina boninensis Tuyama Erythrina carnea Blanco Erythrina corallodend Lour. Erythrina corallodend L. Erythrina divaricata DC. Erythrina humeana sensu R.Vig. Erythrina indica Lam. Erythrina lithosperma Miq. Erythrina lobulata Miq. Erythrina loueiri G. Don Erythrina loureiri G.Don Erythrina loureirii G.Don Erythrina marmorata Planch. Erythrina mysorensis Gamble Erythrina orientalis Murray Erythrina orientalis (L.) Merr. Erythrina parcelli hort. Erythrina parcellii W. Bull Erythrina phlebocarp Bailey Erythrina picta L. Erythrina rostrata Ridl. Erythrina spathacea DC. Erythrina variegata v (L.) Merr. Gelala alba Rumph. Gelala litorea Rumph. Tetradapa javanorum Osbeck

Upper Level Taxonomy Kingdom: PLANTAE Phylum: TRACHEOPHYTA Class: MAGNOLIOPSIDA Order: FABALES Family: LEGUMINOSAE Lower Level Taxonomy Rank: Infra- rank name:  Plant Hybrid Subpopulation: Authority:

E. variegata is a tree usually between 6-12 but up to 20 m, with much branched crown and coral flowers.

General Information Distribution E. variegata has large natural distribution in the tropics and has been introduced into a large number of countries for cultivation. The original distribution is considered to be from India to Malaysia but the species has spread towards Africa and Polynesia.

Range Size Elevation Biogeographic Realm Area of Occupancy: Upper limit: 500  Afrotropical Extent of Occurrence: Lower limit: 0  Antarctic Map Status: Depth  Australasian Upper limit:  Neotropical Lower limit:  Oceanian Depth Zones  Palearctic  Shallow photic  Bathyl  Hadal  Indomalayan  Photic  Abyssal  Nearctic Population There is no data available relating to population size.

Total Population Size Minimum Population Size: Maximum Population Size: Habitat and Ecology The taxon is found in coastal lowland bush and shrubland areas and the dry edges of mangrove forests usually on sandy loams. The rainfall in its native distribution ranges between 800 mm to 1,500 mm with a temperature range of 20–32°C. The taxon is known to be drought tolerant.

System Movement pattern Crop Wild Relative  Terrestrial  Freshwater  Nomadic  Congregatory/Dispersive  Is the species a wild relative of a crop?  Marine  Migratory  Altitudinally migrant

Growth From Definition Tree - size unknow Tree (any size), also termed a Phanerophyte (>1m)

Threats There are no major threats to this species.

Past Present Future 13 None  Conservation Measures This species is known to occur within the protected areas network and seeds have been collected as a method of ex-situ conservation by the Millennium Seed Bank Project.

In Place Needed 3 Research actions  3.2 Population numbers and range  3.3 Biology and Ecology  3.4 Habitat status  3.5 Threats  3.6 Uses and harvest levels  3.7 Cultural relevance  3.8 Conservation measures  4 Habitat and site-based actions  4.4 Protected areas  5 Species-based actions  5.7 Ex situ conservation actions  5.7.2 Genome resource bank 

Countries of Occurrence

PRESENCE ORIGIN Year Breeding Non- Passage Possibly ExtinctPresence Native Introduced Re- Vagrant Origin Round Season breeding migrant extinct uncertain Introduced uncertain only season only Australia    Ashmore and Cartier Is.    New South Wales    New South Wales - Lord    Howe Is. Northern Territory    Queensland    South Australia    Victoria    Western Australia    Bangladesh    Belize    Brazil    Cambodia    Cape Verde    China    Anhui    Fujian    Gansu    Guangdong    Guangxi    Guizhou    Hebei    Heilongjiang    Henan    Hubei    Hunan    Jiangsu    Jiangxi    Jilin    Liaoning    Ningxia    Shaanxi    Shandong    Shanxi    Sichuan    Yunnan    Zhejiang    Djibouti    Dominican Republic    Egypt    El Salvador    Fiji    Grenada    Guadeloupe    Haiti    Hong Kong    India    Andhra Pradesh    Arunachal Pradesh    Assam    Bihar    Dadra-Nagar-Haveli    Daman    Delhi    Diu    Goa    Gujarat    Haryana    Himachal Pradesh    Jammu-Kashmir    Karnataka    Kerala    Maharashtra    Manipur    Meghalaya    Mizoram    Nagaland    Orissa    Pondicherry    Punjab    Rajasthan    Sikkim    Tamil Nadu    Tripura    Uttar Pradesh    West Bengal    Indonesia    Bali    Jamaica    Madagascar    Malaysia    Maldives    Martinique    Mauritius    Montserrat    Myanmar    Nepal    New Caledonia    Nigeria    Papua New Guinea    Philippines    Puerto Rico    Senegal    Seychelles    Singapore    Solomon Islands    Sri Lanka    Sudan    Tanzania    Thailand    Tonga    Uganda    United States    Vanuatu   

General Habitats Score Description Major Importance 1 Forest 1UnsetSuitable 1.7 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High 1UnsetSuitable Tide Level 14 Artificial/Terrestrial1Unset Suitable 14.1 Artificial/Terrestrial - Arable Land1Unset Suitable

Species Utilisation  Species is not utilised at all

Trend in the level of wild offtake/harvest in relation to total wild population numbers over the last five years: Trend in the amount of offtake/harvest produced through domestication/cultivation over the last five years: CITES status: Not listed

IUCN Red Listing Red List Assessment:(using 2001 IUCN system) Least Concern (LC)

Red List Criteria: Date Last Seen (only for EX, EW or Possibly EX species): Is the species Possibly Extinct?  Possibly Extinct Candidate?  Rationale for the Red List Assessment E. variegata has a very large distribution in the tropics and has been introduced into a large number of countries through cultivation. This taxon is not considered to be threatened and is thus rated as Least Concern. Reason(s) for Change in Red List Category from the Previous Assessment:  Genuine Change  Nongenuine Change  No Change  Genuine (recent)  New information  Taxonomy  Same category  Genuine (since first assessment)  Knowledge of Criteria  Criteria Revisio and criteria  Incorrect data used  Other  Same category but previously change in criteria Current Population Trend: Stable Date of Assessment: 22/07/2010 Name(s) of the Assessor(s): Groom, A. Evaluator(s): Notes:

% population decline in the past: Time period over which the past decline has been measured for applying Criterion A or C1 (in years or generations): % population decline in the future: Time period over which the future decline has been measured for applying Criterion A or C1 (in years or generations): Number of Locations: Severely Fragmented: Number of Mature Individuals:

Bibliography Tanaka, H., Hirata, H., Etoh, H., Sako, M., Sato, M., Murata, J., Murata, H., Darnaedi, D., Fukai, T., 2004, Six New Constituents from the Roots of Erythrina variegata, Chemistry and Biodiversity7, 1101-1108, , Du Puy, D.J. et al., 2002, The Leguminosae of Madagascar. RBG Kew., , , Fournet,J., 1978, Flore illustree des phanerogames de Guadeloupe & Martinique, , , Grierson,A.J.C. & Long,D.G., 1987, Flora of Bhutan,Vol.1.(Part 3). Edinburgh: RBG, , , Hepper, F.N., 1958, Flora West Tropical Africa: Papilionoideae, Keay,R.W.J., , Royal Botanical Garden's, Kew, International Legume Database Infromation Service, 2005, Erythina variegata12/05/2010, , , Krukoff,B.A. & Barneby,R.C., 1974, Lloydia 37(3):332-459 Conspectus...of the genus Erythrina, , , Lebrun, J.P. & Stork, A. L., 2008, Tropical African Flowering Plants - Fabaceae (Desmondium-Zornia), Vol 4, , Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la ville de Geneve, Geneve, Lewis, G.P., 1987, Legumes of Bahia, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, , , Polhill,R,M., 1990, Legumineuses.In:Flore des Mascareignes,Vol 80.J. Bosser et a, , , Sanjappa, M., 1992, Legumes of India., , Dehra Dun: Bishen Singh Mahendra, Whistler, W.A. & Elevitc, C.R., 2006, Erythrina variegata (coral tree)22/06/2010, , ,