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Science, Mechanics, 22'J Ne}V York, L [Entered at the Post Office of New York, N. as Second Class Matter. Copyrighted, l8�9. by Munn Co.) Y., & A WEEKIS JOURNAL OF PRACTICAL INFORMATION, ART, SCIENCE, MECHANICS, CHEMISTRY, AND MANUFACTURES. Vol. LXI.-No. 22'J 30, 1889. A NE}V YORK, $3.00. YEAR. ESTABLr.HED U!45. NOVEMBER L "-:EEKLY. room p pi plant. 2. CaisBon. 3. dock. 1. Engine and um ng ShIp entering TIlE NEW SIMPSON TIMBER DRY DOCK AT THE BROOKLYN, N, Y., NAVY YA D.-[See page 841.J © 1889 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC. Jtitntifit �mtritan. THE UNITED STATES OF BRAZIL. It will probably be a wonderful and thrilling story The 14th day of November, 1889, is likely to be a which the adventurers will have to tell when they �titntifit �mttitan. memorable day in the history of Brazil, for it was then finally reach home, and it will also be a story of hard­ the monarchy was oyerthrown and the great country ships and privat.ions endured, of sickness, want of food, ESTABLISHED 1.845. assnmed the republican form of government. The good and unremitting toil of the severest kind under the Emperor Dom Pedro and the royal family were ex­ blaze of a tropical sun or in the more deadly African MUNN & CO., Editors and Proprietors. pelled from the country and left. for Europe, the re­ morasses and jungles, but the results are certain to public and free suffrage were proclaimed, the eighteen place the name of Henry Stanley in a yet higher PUBLISHED WEEKLY AT M. provinces are to be made States with local governments NEW place than it has heretofore occupied among the world's No. 361 BROADWAY, YORR. and all political institutions are to be closely patterned great explorers. He has succeeded in rescuing the after those of this country. The new national flag in party of Emin Pasha, and his other work cannot fail O. D. MUNN. E. A. BEACH. its general style resembles that of the United States, to give an important impetus and a more intelligent except that Brazil has adopted yellow and white TERMS FOR THE SCIENTIFI() AMEllI()AN. understanding to the numerous enterprises lJOW on foot stripes instead of our red and white. The corner field for the speedy opening up to the world of these va�t S. Canada . .. .. 83011 cOPY. six months, for U. S. .. ....... .. ... of the new flag co tains eighteen stars, one for eacl).of and hitherto almost unknown regions of Central OPY. to 1 �O n C 00 the new States. Afr ca One copy. one year. for the U. or . .. .. .... .. ...... 4 i One the or Canada .. .. .... This great political revolution has been accomplished .4' •.• OUR NEW BOOK. SCIENTIFICOneA one AME year.RICAN. any foreign country belonging to Postal Union. without bloodshed. The causes which led to it have . Remit bybank postal or expressa money order. been working like a yeast for a long time, and the Probably no book OIl physics ever reached so great a MUNN CO .. Franklin u8tralin and New Zealand.-Those who desire to receive the sale in so short a time as our new book" Experimental & :Itil for little over one year. may remit.£1in current transition, although sudden and complete, took place Colonial 'rhenotes. Sclenllftc Address American SUPI,lemen' without any serious public or commercial disturbance. Science," by Mr. George M. Hopkins, treating on ele­ N M Broaoway, corner of R Street. New York. The provisional president of the new Brazilian re- mentary practical and experimental physi s ;�: :!�:r c:I::� 1: ����� Its � :� :' ����.��!:;'����K.�z� c SCIEN'rIFIC AMEItTCAN . SUPPLEMENT, public is Dodoro da Fonseca. He is described as an value has been acknowleded by a large number of our n r $6.00 able and reliable statesman. The provisional govern­ most eminent scientists. S. Sold :: �.�:� ;�:��� Prof. E. S_ Dana. of Yale University, New Haven, tbroughentwitb Term. of10 subscription for ment has so far acted with great prudence, and enjoys '5.00 ayear, for U. and Canada.SCIENTIFIC a yearAMERICAN to fore ign counSUPPLEMENTtries belong- the confidenceof the people. Conn., writes: II I shall expect myself to obtain from In(:OInblu"dg to the Postal Union.' Sir:�le copies, cents.S. by all newsdealers Brazil has an area almost the same as that of the it many suggestions which will aid in my instruc­ the country. U. dollalJ'S. tions. " Mellen ltates.-Theby and United States, namely, three millions of square miles. will be sent. for one year, tois any address in or Canada, on receipt of Her natural resources are of the richest description. Prof. John Trowbridge, Jefferson Physical Labora­ New SCIENTIFIf1 AMERICAN tory, Cambridge, ill do much to popularize SUPPLEMENTfJ'hesafest way to remit a draft, postal order, expreS8 money order. or Her territory is intersected by innumerable rivers, and says: .. It w registered letter. the length of her interior navigable waters surpasses the great subject of physi al science." c UNN .• Street. , AU8U'alia and ZeBland.-The and that of any other country. Her railway system is at Prof. S. P. Langley, Smithsonian Instit tion Wash­ :\1 wi1l& be I,olent3f11 for little over one year on receipt of £2 cur· u rent Colonial bank notes. present chiefly confined to the coast ; but doubtless, ington, D. C., writes: .. Many of the experiments and Addre&8NEW YORK,CO SATURDABroadway, corner Y, NOVEMBER of Franklin 30,New 1889. York. under her new and liberal institutions, capital and ill ustrations are new to me." population will be attracted to her domain, and her Prof. D. W. Hering, University of the City of New railways be extended northward to join those from York, says II I know of no work that is at the same ()onlen'.. will : an the other States, reac.hing to the Isthmus, to Mexico, time so popular in style and so scientific in character." and the United States. Prof. W. C. Peckham, Adelphi Academy, Brooklyn, Appliances, .. .... 340 B45 . There is reason to believe the adoption of the new N. Y., says: .. Of few such books can the author say (JIl11.tratedd il article.i · :: :::: are mllrken with asterisk.) Book. .j. li . la O ........ 345 and Illore liberal form of government will lead to a that all the apparatus has been constructed and the . �1�:1.16 �g United States . n �s .... .......• .... railway .. :142 Invention., en ineering . .... experiments performed himself before the descrip­ Brazil, Channel..... i .. 341 great exten�lOn. of trade between this country and by . Lock, . 3·)9 . • �l���lr,;t�\i!lft��;y� ·r : f���gU���: �,���a'it�cai::::::::::. 341 tions were admitted to the book. This claim, made in our new. ....... ........ ...... .. 3il61:140 Inventions.Machine, cel ne U8 BraZIl. We are purchaSIng from her annually at pre- Cu ..of ...... ........ Japanesemech,wlcal. In China ; .• 339 ... ....... .. 317 , . Ons ars wor tl1 f pro the preface. from so conscientious an experimenter as Bridge, Engli.h !.. 346 Light, electric. Massachu.ettseverywhere ... ..8 . 333409 sen ta oub t f ort y '11' f d II I leI' - Brid.z;eport Wood }flnishing Co. I combination, lJouglass'*. 1111 0 0 0 Mr. Hopkins is known to be, is the highest possible Brush �lectric .. .. .. .. 31� . ice, Ilermi"ny's* ... I ducts, and we admit her coffee duty free. But in Buatne,s and person �� Mixer,��tt';;� Broughton•• ;\�� guarantee of the work." Chemistry. brewin" Norwe�lan8 in return she buys fromI t h e United States goods to the i� e •.:: :::: �g� m fN���V��i����f�r:\��ti��i�Tbdi����:;:��tcai;.i892:·::::·test:·::: .a���::, G\��,:ci;n; :::.:·· . amount of only about six millions of dollars. Great The following is fro Prof. W. Le Conte Stevens, of . �n .. � a ow : Britain buys from Brazil products amounting to only the Packer Collegiate Institute, Brooklyn, Y.: The E�(e�:g{:h,s.Wrr."�i�S.O·�;�*::::1:15:. �i���'t��,t;;�I';:.'t��';,�i't1�g�:����{::;�'rW���ms�er :� . N. ����:!'�����'ir:,;��eclI�� . �t:: : ... t� e e 8. :: �:t . twenty millions of dollars, and maintains a tariff of author is accurate in statemel.lt, full of ingenious sug­ . ied: l n e r ri ���,� ;, �·u��: �.:::::::::::G ::. ... .��.� .�::: 340 per h undred pounds on Brazilian coffee, and yet gestions, plain and simple in style, and admirably clear ���t� ����� .' � d ��. .. c . �� $3,50 Gas n hl al Pitt'� �5 j,�gr8'tI���':;rI�s ;6rattach·.;;,;;,t g;([d��i n'cieve: l;':;,d :141 sells to Brazil some thirty-two million dollars worth of in his mode of presentation. The book will be very bU r� � :. ... �g'e · · ...· . � ���:�iW;,g�t���\�;,'liiirai::::::::::electrical . . goods per annum. It would seem in view of our largp useful to me as teacher of science, and Illy studen ts :�45 velg�'l�,:;'di8is:mii;ia;'Y:Fr';;;Ch*: sa!> a purchases in Brazil the balance of trade ought not to will use it for frequent reference as a laboratory man· Inventions, . .. .. Worthill"ton Pump Co ... .. be so greatly against us as it now is. It is claimed that ual. I know of no book that I can so confidently com­ TABLE OJ!' CONTENTS OF as soon as better facilities for transportation are pro­ mend as a stimulant and guide to young men who have vided, Brazilian trade will turn more to this country. not had the advantage of mathematical training. ,. -----...-.........- . ----- Prof. Samuel Sheldon, Polytechnic Institute, Brook­ SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT STANLEY'S LATEST DISCOVERIES. lyn, N. Y., writes: "The book will be of great value No_ 726- Recent advices leave no room for doubt of the saf&ty to those teachers and instructors who are expected to of Stanley, the African explorer, whose arrival within fully illustrate the subject of physics, and yet have but 'Veek Ending November 30, 1889.
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