UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 1 UNHCR in 2017

02/11/2016 11:09:41

GLOBAL APPEAL 2017 Update COVER_GA_2017_Update_Eng_ind_CS5.indd 2

Global Appeal 2017 Update

UNHCR’s Global Appeal provides information for governments, private donors, partners and other readers interested in the organization’s priorities and budgeted activities for 2017. Information is now presented in two ways: through this print publication and on the Global Focus website.

The Global Appeal 2017 Update print publication presents the financial resources that will be required in 2017 for UNHCR’s programmes to protect and improve the lives of tens of millions of forcibly displaced people: refugees, internally displaced people, returnees, stateless people and others of concern. It highlights the challenges faced by the organization and its partners in attempting to respond to multiple life-threatening crises and ever-growing humanitarian needs.

All budgets and planning figures in this Appeal correspond to the needs presented in the revised 2016-2017 biennial programme budget approved by the member States of UNHCR’s Executive Committee in October 2016. Any new needs arising in the second half of 2016 will be presented separately in supplementary appeals.

The Global Focus website was launched in early 2015 as UNHCR’s main operational reporting platform for donors. The website now offers regularly updated information about programmes, operations, financial requirements, funding levels and donor contributions.

Global Appeal 2017 Update

Global overview: UNHCR’s requirements in 2017

Regional summaries

Statistics and financials

Themes and topics

Global Focus website • reporting.unhcr.org

Population: Statistics and planning figures of people of concern to UNHCR

Operations: 72 operations plans and summaries, Subregional dashboards

Themes: Data on selected operational themes and objectives

Financials: Budgetary requirements, donor profiles of governmental and private donors

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 1 UNHCR in 2017

Mission

The High Commissioner for Refugees is mandated who are stateless or whose nationality is disputed. To by the United Nations to lead and coordinate date (October 2016), 89 States are parties to the 1954 international action for the worldwide protection of Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons refugees and the resolution of refugee problems. and 68 to the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of To date (October 2016), 148 States are parties to the Statelessness. 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and/or to its 1967 Protocol. The Office seeks to reduce situations of forced displacement by encouraging States and other UNHCR’s primary purpose is to safeguard the rights institutions to create conditions which are conducive and well-being of refugees. In its efforts to achieve to the protection of human rights and the peaceful this objective, the Office strives to ensure that resolution of disputes. In all of its activities, it pays everyone can exercise the right to seek asylum and particular attention to the needs of children and seeks find safe refuge in another State, and to return home to promote the equal rights of women and girls. voluntarily. By assisting refugees to return to their own country or to settle permanently in another country, The Office carries out its work in collaboration with UNHCR also seeks lasting solutions to their plight. many partners, including governments, regional organizations, international and non-governmental UNHCR’s Executive Committee (98 member States as organizations. It is committed to the principle of of October 2016) and the UN General Assembly have participation, believing that refugees and others who authorized involvement with other groups. These benefit from the organization’s activities should be include former refugees who have returned to their consulted over decisions which affect their lives. homeland; internally displaced people; and people

64 Million People of concern $7.310 Billion Global Budget

HQ PROJECTION Reserves Unit: million 7.6% in 2016 - 2017 70 3.1% JPOs 0.2% 60

Global Field 10 programmes 83.3% 0 5.8% 2000 2006 2011 2016

2 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update AFRICA Key ﬁgures for 2017 MIDDLE EAST & NORTH AFRICA EUROPE ASIA & PACIFIC in the ﬁeld AMERICAS UNHCR Sta / Unit: 100

ASIA & THE PACIFIC

Budget Sta Oce 3 Regional o ces EUROPE 9% 1,238 18 Country o ces Budget 15% AMERICAS Sta Budget 1,237 2% Sta Oces 6 Regional o ces 447 22 Country o ces Oces 3 Regional o ces

Country o ces

2% 2% Others Others 2% 7

Pakistan 2%

Myanmar 1% Afghanistan Iran 2%

Others 2% Uganda 5% 4% Ethiopia Greece 4% Kenya 4% 4% Democratic Republic of the Congo 3% Turkey South Sudan 7% 3% 3% Total Field Budget Chad $6.1 Billion Sudan 2% Others 7%

Others 14% 64 Million People of concern $7.310 Billion Global Budget Jordan5%

HQ PROJECTION Reserves Syria 6% Unit: million 7.6% Iraq 9% in 2016 - 2017 70 3.1% JPOs 0.2% 9% 60

Lebanon

50 MIDDLE EAST

40 & NORTH AFRICA AFRICA

Budget Budget 30 36% 38% Sta 20 Sta 2,029 5,365 Global Field 10 programmes 83.3% 0 5.8% 2000 2006 2011 2016 Oces 1 Regional o ce Oces 3 Regional o ces 11 Country o ces 31 Country o ces

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 3 6

44 34 54 64

74 82

88 108

134 152 4 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update Contents

1 GLOBAL appeal 2017 update Thematic Chapters Where to find information in the Global Appeal publication and on the 88 SAFEGUARDING Global Focus website FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHTS Global protection challenges and UNHCR’s UNHCR in 2017 2 response in 2017 to protect and assist refugees, stateless people, the internally 6 FOREWORD displaced and other populations of concern By the High Commissioner The High Commissioner’s message on 108 RESPONDING requirements and challenges in 2017 WITH LIFESAVING SUPPORT An organization-wide approach to 12 Global Strategic Priorities emergency response and addressing the basic needs of forcibly-displaced people Priority areas of concern for UNHCR in 2017 134 BUILDING BETTER FUTURES 16 Map of The pursuit of sustainable solutions for People OF CONCERN TO UNHCR refugees As of January 2016 152 SUPPORTING UNHCR’S WORK 18 NEEDS AND The role and contributions of partners and FUNDING REQUIREMENTS supporters to UNHCR’s work Includes map of 2017 budgets by operation

164 ANNEXES Regional Summaries • Member States of UNHCR’s Executive Committee • Parties to the Refugee and Statelessness 34 africa Conventions • Glossary 44 The Americas • Acronyms 54 Asia and the Pacific 64 Europe 74 MENA http://reporting.unhcr.org 82 Operational Support AND Management UNHCR’s Global Focus website offers: • Regularly updated information about programmes, operations, financial requirements, contributions, expenditures and donor profiles • Operational information for 72 countries, including year-end reports for the largest 42 operations • Subregional and regional overviews

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 5 A sobering picture

by Filippo Grandi As 2016 draws to a close, the plight of those uprooted UNITED NATIONS by conflict, violence and persecution is higher on HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES the international agenda than perhaps ever before. Yet building and maintaining peace has become increasingly difficult, with more than 65 million people now displaced globally as refugees, or within their own countries.

The entangled conflicts in Iraq and Syria account for almost a quarter of this number, but major crises in South Sudan, Yemen and the Lake Chad region of Africa are also major drivers of forced displacement. Meanwhile, continued instability in countries such as

6 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update Internally displaced Iraqi women and children walk down a rocky path into Debaga camp, near Mosul in northern Iraq.

A sobering picture

Somalia and Afghanistan means that large numbers too often compromised, with borders closed, entry of people remain in protracted displacement, with restricted and the quality of asylum undermined. little hope of a definitive solution. The impact of refugee outflows is most acutely felt in the countries Those who do reach safety are often left struggling neighbouring the conflict zones, with nine out of ten on the margins of society, with few opportunities to refugees hosted in developing countries. establish meaningful and productive lives. Refugees face increasing pressures to return home, in a Displacement is also exacerbated by factors such as manner that may be less than voluntary and in which food insecurity, environmental degradation, climate their ability to pursue a secure and productive future change and scarcity of resources – with the result is far from assured. In certain regions, xenophobia that people are being forced from their homes for a and nationalism undermine the values of tolerance more complex range of reasons than at any point in and solidarity on which the Refugee Convention and history. At the same time, access to protection is all the long-standing tradition of asylum are founded.

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 7 Unable to return home because of conflict First, UNHCR will continue to be a consistent and persecution, some are moving onwards and articulate voice for protection principles and—together with migrants—are exposed and standards and for the rights and dignity of to heightened protection risks, including refugees, IDPs and stateless people, and will exploitation by traffickers and smugglers in life- embed these aims at the centre of its responses. threatening journeys across land and sea. Our engagement is driven by the fundamental objective of saving lives and protecting rights. In today’s context this means offering practical Acknowledging shared support to countries striving to uphold their responsibilities and forging new responsibilities amidst complex political and responses security challenges. It means forging responses to new protection challenges and drivers of And yet, despite this challenging picture, 2016 displacement, such as in the Northern Triangle has seen a remarkable upsurge in international of Central America. It means direct operational attention to the refugee cause. And despite engagement, consistently seeking regular many challenges, the international refugee contact with the people and communities we protection regime is still at the foundation of serve, and ensuring their full participation in how states respond to refugee outflows, with decisions affecting their lives. most countries bordering conflict zones still keeping their borders open as they search for Second, we will enhance and deepen our pursuit ways to reconcile their international obligations of solutions, even though this may sometimes with domestic social, economic and security seem counterintuitive in the context of so many concerns. The majority of host countries—many intractable conflicts. UNHCR has been mandated of them, we should remember, amongst the to seek out and leverage possible solutions poorest in the world—have remained resolute that would enable refugees, IDPs and stateless in extending protection to those seeking people to acquire or reacquire full membership it, providing essential assistance and basic in society and to build productive and stable services and enabling them to pursue a path to futures. This means orienting our response greater stability. towards the pursuit of solutions from the very outset of a crisis, and mobilizing the political, Forced displacement has taken centre stage security and development actors that have the as one of today’s defining global challenges. In capacity to address the drivers of displacement. September 2016 the United Nations Summit on In places such as Myanmar and Colombia, real Refugees and Migrants, and the Leader’s Summit prospects for political solutions have emerged, on Refugees hosted by U.S. President Obama, which in turn could pave the way to resolving together gave voice to a critical recognition that the long-term displacement in and from those international cooperation lies at the heart of the countries. In situations in which a definitive international protection regime, so placing the resolution of conflict is not yet in sight and the refugee issue firmly on the international agenda conditions are not yet in place for organized for the first time in decades. return, host countries must receive intensified support and those who opt to return voluntarily on their own must be provided with reintegration UNHCR’s strategic directions assistance. Against this sobering backdrop—and yet one which also presents real possibilities for The pursuit of solutions also encompasses change—a number of key considerations and our commitment to end statelessness. With an priorities have emerged that will shape UNHCR’s estimated 10 million people currently without a strategic directions over the coming years. nationality, progress is—and has proven to be—

8 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update © UNHCR/Achilleas Zavallis

UN High Commissioner for Refugees Filippo Grandi talks to an Afghan boy at a shelter for unaccompanied minors in Athens, Greece. possible, with a strong collective commitment in addressing forced displacement and and the right investments. statelessness. There is a growing consensus that development investments must play a central A third strategic direction is to reinforce and role in addressing displacement and laying expand UNHCR’s capacity and expertise in the groundwork for solutions. The principle of emergency preparedness and response. universality, embedded in the 2030 Agenda for Although this has always been a defining priority Sustainable Development, provides the basis of our work, the increasing number of large- upon which refugees, the internally displaced scale new and recurring crises means that we and stateless people should be included in must redouble our efforts in this area. In the development planning. last quarter of 2016, more than 2,000 people were fleeing South Sudan every day, and inter- To achieve this, we have been progressively agency preparations were intensifying—despite scaling up our partnership with the World Bank mounting concerns over inadequate financial and other key development actors, such as the resources—in anticipation of the displacement of ILO and OECD. New instruments and ground- hundreds of thousands of people from Mosul in breaking approaches are helping ensure that Iraq. Emergencies such as these represent the the displaced and stateless people are included point at which protection risks are most acute, in national systems and services and that they and we will continue to invest in ensuring our are connected with economic opportunities ability to respond. that also benefit host communities. With fewer than half of all school-age refugees in school, Fourth, we are firmly committed to securing expanding access to education through inclusion the engagement of development actors in national systems, and avoiding parallel ones

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 9 where possible, is another key priority that can customary law and many cultural and religious only be achieved through sustained international traditions that have afforded protection to investment. refugees over the years. It clearly recognizes that today’s refugee crises cannot be managed Finally, UNHCR will aim to work more by any one State alone, and calls for a systematically across the entire spectrum of predictable and collaborative response based on displacement and, in particular, forge a more international solidarity. decisive and predictable engagement with internally displaced people in collaboration The Comprehensive Refugee Response with OCHA and other partners, and in line with Framework, called for in the Declaration, established coordination mechanisms. We will provides a blueprint for translating the principle pursue situational approaches that ensure that of responsibility-sharing into action, in support our engagement with refugees, IDPs, returnees of refugees and host communities. It is based and stateless people is coherent and mutually on the fundamental principle that refugees reinforcing. are a matter of international concern and emphasizes the need to engage a full range of These five strategic directions will be instruments and actors in the political, security, underpinned by a reinvigorated commitment humanitarian and development spheres. A key to partnerships and a diverse and coherent priority for UNHCR in 2017 and 2018 will be multilateral system, shaped by the important to work together with partners to apply the outcomes of the World Humanitarian Summit. framework operationally and—drawing from Partnerships with governments—which bear the resulting experience—to develop a global the primary responsibility for protection and compact for refugees to be adopted in 2018, as solutions—are especially important, as are our envisaged in the Declaration. Many elements partnerships with national and international of the framework can already be discerned NGOs. Yet there is a compelling need to expand in some operations and will be amplified and partnerships and alliances to encompass a accelerated as appropriate. broader range of actors and individuals than in the past. Private sector partners, in particular, To achieve these goals, we will work closely are playing an increasingly prominent role in with States, UN partners and other international shaping public opinion and driving change, and organizations, including the ICRC and the Red in providing the added resources, technical Cross and Red Crescent movement, NGOs expertise, creativity and innovation to address and civil society, academia and the business displacement. community, as well as refugees themselves.

The next two years will undoubtedly continue to The New York Declaration and bring new and complex challenges with regard to the Comprehensive Refugee forced displacement and statelessness. However, Response Framework this is also a moment of real opportunity. As such, it must be grasped and translated into concrete The New York Declaration on Refugees and action – action that leads to demonstrable Migrants provides a powerful platform for change improvements in the lives of those to whom we in the way the international community engages are mandated to protect and assist. With the in refugee crises. It reaffirms the importance strategic directions guiding its response, UNHCR of the international refugee protection regime, will be well placed to play a key role in mobilizing including the protection principles and standards and shaping a stronger, more predictable articulated in the 1951 Refugee Convention and and systematic international response to associated instruments, but also international displacement crises globally. n

10 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update Special Envoy © UNHCR/ Ivor Prickett

UN Special Envoy Angelina Jolie meets with a young boy who is being treated at the Médecins Sans Frontières hospital in Amman, Jordan.

With 16 years of service to UNHCR, Special Envoy visiting Syrian refugees in Greece, Jordan and Angelina Jolie Pitt continues to be a staunch Lebanon in 2016 and urging world governments to advocate for refugees and for the need to find show leadership in addressing the crisis. On World solutions to their plight. She supports the High Refugee Day, following a meeting with the US Commissioner in appealing to governments to find Secretary of State, John Kerry, the Special Envoy diplomatic solutions to crises around the world issued an urgent call for governments to address and to consider what more can be done to provide conflict and insecurity, and to do more for the safety to those fleeing persecution and war. She has displaced worldwide. n recently focused her efforts on the Syria situation,

“If I ask people for anything on this day, it is to take a moment and to truly grasp what a refugee crisis of today’s magnitude means for peace and security of the world. I ask people to understand that with 65 million people displaced by conflict, we are facing a world of wars we cannot ignore or turn our backs on. To do that would be naive, irresponsible, and dangerous.”

“We face a very clear choice: to continue as we are and see displacement and insecurity grow, or to come together with other nations and find a new approach, one that does not focus solely on aid and resettlement but on solution, stability, and returns.”

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 11 Global Strategic Priorities 2016-2017 Global Strategic Priorities 2016-2017

UNHCR’s Global Strategic Priorities (GSPs) MONITORING AND continue to guide it and its partners in strengthening protection, improving the quality of TRACKING life and seeking solutions for refugees and other people of concern. Field offices, together with The Global Engagements set for each of the GSP partners, carefully review the operational GSPs to areas will continue to provide the foundation for select those relevant to their specific operational measuring and reporting on UNHCR’s overall context. In determining those priorities, UNHCR achievements on these priorities. The 2016-2017 operations consult closely with people of Global Engagements are presented in the right– concern, in line with UNHCR’s Age, Gender hand column in the matrix that follows. and Diversity approach, and in support of the fulfilment of its commitments to accountability to In the course of implementation, UNHCR affected populations. UNHCR Headquarters and operations together with partners will track regional offices are also guided by the support progress achieved against country-level targets and management GSPs in the work they carry and make adjustments to its programmes as out in the area of oversight, policy development required. At Headquarters, colleagues engaged and support to field operations. in the various areas covered by the GSPs closely track the progress achieved by field operations The pursuit of GSPs in UNHCR operations and provide support and advice as needed. also contributes to larger efforts to support Governments in making progress on the SDGs as many GSPs focus on areas covered by the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, CHALLENGES such as gender equality, peace and justice, food security, health, education, livelihoods, and water and sanitation. As it is widely recognized that Given that the overall needs in most operations refugees and other displaced people, as well largely exceed the availability of available as stateless individuals, are often most at risk resources, all UNHCR operations are called of being “left behind”, UNHCR operations take upon to make careful prioritization decisions an active part in national SDG discussions to among equally compelling priority areas. advocate for the inclusion of people of concern Discussions at the country level involving in national plans. partners and consultations with people of concern will determine the optimal balance of what is prioritized, taking into account the levels of criticality, the likelihood for success, and considerations linked to cost efficiency. UNHCR will also continue to engage with governments to ensure their full support in achieving success on some of the GSP areas.

12 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update Global Strategic Priorities 2016-2017

Global Strategic Priorities 2016-2017

Operational

IMPACT INDICATOR ENGAGEMENT Favourable protection environment 1 Ensuring access to Extent law consistent Seek improvements in national law and policy territorial protection with international in 80 countries so as to be consistent with and asylum procedures; standards relating to international standards concerning refugees and protection against refugees asylum-seekers refoulement; and the adoption of nationality Extent law and Seek improvements in national law and policy laws that prevent and/or policy consistent in 20 countries, so as to be consistent with reduce statelessness with international international standards concerning IDPs standards relating to internal displacement Seek improvements in citizenship laws in 41 and on prevention of countries, so as to be consistent with international statelessness standards on the prevention of statelessness

% of stateless people Seek to increase the percentage of stateless for whom nationality people who acquire or confirm nationality in granted or confirmed 16 situations

Fair protection process and documentation 2 Securing birth registration, % of children under 12 Seek to increase the systematic issuance of birth profiling and individual months old who have certificates to newborn children in 53 situations documentation based on been issued with a registration birth certificate by the authorities

% of people of concern Seek to maintain or increase levels of individual registered on an registration in 96 refugee situations individual basis

Security from violence and exploitation 3 Reducing protection Extent known SGBV Provide and seek improved provision of support to risks faced by people survivors receive known SGBV survivors in 91 refugee operations, of concern, in particular, appropriate support 10 situations where UNHCR is operationally discrimination, sexual and involved with IDPs, and 3 returnee situations. gender-based violence and specific risks faced by Extent community Seek improved community involvement in children is active in SGBV SGBV prevention and protection of survivors in prevention and 58 refugee situations, 8 situations where UNHCR survivor-centred is operationally involved with IDPs, and 4 returnee protection situations. % of unaccompanied Seek to maintain or increase the proportion of and separated unaccompanied or separated refugee children children for whom a for whom a best interest process has been best interest process completed or initiated in 74 refugee situations. has been initiated or completed Extent children of Seek increase in the non-discriminatory access concern have non- to national child protection and social services in discriminatory access 37 refugee situations, 4 situations where UNHCR to national child is operationally involved with IDPs, and 3 returnee protection and social situations. services

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 13 Global Strategic Priorities 2016-2017

IMPACT INDICATOR ENGAGEMENT

Basic needs and services 4 Reducing mortality, Prevalence of global Seek to maintain UNHCR standards or reduce morbidity and malnutrition acute malnutrition level of GAM in 36 situations where refugees live through multi-sectoral (GAM) (6-59 months) in camps or settlements interventions Under-5 mortality rate Seek to maintain UNHCR standards or reduce mortality levels of children under 5 years old in 44 situations where refugees live in camps or settlements 5 Meeting international % of households living Seek to maintain or increase the percentage standards in relation to in adequate dwellings of households living in adequate dwellings in shelter, domestic energy, 48 refugee situations, 15 situations where UNHCR water, sanitation and is operationally involved with IDPs, and 7 returnee hygiene situations Average number of Seek to maintain or increase the level of water litres of potable water supply in 46 refugee situations available per person per day

Community empowerment and self-reliance 6 Promoting active % of active female Seek improved participation of women in participation in decision- participants leadership/management structures in 54 refugee making of people of in leadership/ situations and 4 situations where UNHCR is concern and building management operationally involved with IDPs coexistence with hosting structures communities Extent local Seek improvements in relations between people communities support of concern and local communities in 65 refugee continued presence of situations people of concern

7 Promoting human potential % of people of concern Seek to maintain or increase the percentage of through increased (18-59 years) with own people of concern who are supported to improve opportunities for quality business/self employed their business/self-employment opportunities in education and livelihoods for more than 12 38 operations support months % of primary school- Seek improved enrolment rate of primary school- aged children enrolled aged children in 96 refugee situations in primary education Durable solutions 8 Expanding opportunities Extent return has been Support refugees to return voluntarily, and for durable solutions voluntary, and in safety in safety and dignity, in 42 situations where for people of concern, and dignity conditions permit particularly those in protracted situations, Extent returnees have Support returnees in 16 situations to reintegrate including through same access to rights in a sustainable manner, with the same access to strengthening the use as other citizens rights as other citizens of comprehensive Extent social and Support local integration in 42 refugee situations approaches and economic integration is where conditions permit contributing to sustainable realized reintegration, local settlement and successful % of people of Seek to maintain or increase the percentage resettlement in third concern, identified in of people submitted for resettlement, among countries. need of resettlement, those identified in need of resettlement, thereby submitted for supporting solutions in 74 situations resettlement

14 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update Global Strategic Priorities 2016-2017

Support and Management

IMPACT INDICATOR

1 UNHCR’s programmes are carried out in an • Financial management at UNHCR Headquarters and in the field environment of sound financial accountability and is strengthened, and adequate internal control infrastructure is in adequate oversight place • Accounts are recorded in full compliance with IPSAS, and UNHCR endeavours to benefit from it to the maximum extent

2 UNHCR’s operations deliver quality protection • Global protection and solutions capacity and response is and facilitate solutions to people of concern and strengthened through direct operational support and enhanced effectively advocate for their rights monitoring

3 Programme implementation is supported by timely, • Field operations have access to reliable, fast and secure effective and predictable delivery of information and information and communications technology networks and tools telecommunications services

4 UNHCR makes effective use of and contributes to • Effective coordination and leadership is established for refugee improving inter-agency humanitarian coordination responses and UNHCR-led clusters at global and operational mechanisms levels

5 UNHCR’s operational performance on key • Operational performance is monitored and analysed with a focus programmatic areas is supported to reflect strong on results, and support is provided to the field for enhanced results results orientation, and results are monitored and orientation analysed to inform operational decision-making and • UNHCR’s global strategies for public health, settlement and shelter, resource allocation livelihoods, and safe access to energy inform operational planning and implementation of activities in these technical areas

6 UNHCR effectively prepares for and responds to • Core relief items are stocked to provide emergency assistance for emergencies up to 600,000 people • Relief items are dispatched within 48 hours • Active standby capacity (including through standby rosters), with appropriate leadership, coordination experience and protection training, is available for deployment within 72 hours of declaration of emergency • Community-based approach is promoted to support accountability to people of concern • A qualified security workforce is maintained and security staff are deployed to emergencies

7 UNHCR has a diverse and gender-balanced • Overall gender balance is achieved workforce, which performs effectively • Staff members meet their learning needs • Assignments are made in an efficient and timely manner • Compliance is achieved in respect of performance reporting • Staff are committed and satisfied with their work

8 UNHCR mobilizes political, financial and operational • Resource mobilization strategies are enhanced to increase funding support from public and private sectors through towards UNHCR’s budget from public and private sources effective strategic partnerships, multimedia • Partnerships with member States of the Executive Committee, communication, targeted campaigns and fundraising UN agencies, NGOs and the humanitarian system are enhanced strategies • Strategic external communication is strengthened through targeted multimedia campaigns and timely public updates • Information on operations is made accessible to external stakeholders in a transparent manner

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POPULATIONS OF CO NCERN TO UNHCR

EASTERN EUROPE

CENTRAL ASIA NORTHERN, WESTERN, CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN EUROPE SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE

SOUTH WEST NORTH AMERICA ASIA AND THE CARIBBEAN

NORTH AFRICA EAST ASIA SOUTH ASIA AND THE PACIFIC Refugees WEST AFRICA THE MIDDLE EAST Asylum-seekers Returnees (refugees and IDPs) C Stateless people M SOUTH EAST ASIA EAST AND Y Internally displaced people (IDPs) CENTRAL AFRICA AND HORN OF AFRICA CM Others of concern THE GREAT LAKES

MY Population of concern CY 10,000,000

CMY

K 5,000,000 SOUTHERN AFRICA 1,000,000 LATIN AMERICA

[ AS OF JANUARY 2016 ]

People in Of whom IDPs protected/ People under Returned UNHCR's Total population Subregion Refugees refugee-like Total refugees assisted by Asylum-seekers assisted by Returned IDPs Various (2) refugees statelessness of concern situations UNHCR UNHCR (1) mandate Central Africa and Great Lakes (3) 1,173,389 15,852 1,189,241 1,058,223 18,468 35,237 1,889,161 1,014,893 1,302 187,577 4,335,879 East and Horn of Africa 2,739,375 - 2,739,375 2,739,375 106,959 74,467 6,193,660 157,663 20,000 234,381 9,526,505 West Africa 294,953 - 294,953 286,295 7,885 16,375 2,680,061 53,950 700,116 71,536 3,824,876 Southern Africa 189,842 - 189,842 61,967 1,159,702 4,698 - - 300,000 28,414 1,682,656 North Africa (4) 371,954 26,000 397,954 297,949 74,395 4 434,869 - 22 2 907,246 Middle East (5)(6) 2,303,454 38,146 2,341,600 2,153,368 67,976 6,122 13,498,781 1,747 374,215 8,838 16,299,279 South-West Asia 2,777,668 20,485 2,798,153 2,798,153 6,566 61,394 2,320,414 800,291 - 150,317 6,137,135 Central Asia 3,164 - 3,164 2,080 543 - - - 130,324 53 134,084 South-East Asia (7)(8) 187,435 253,252 440,687 240,433 76,515 3 514,263 280,113 1,432,213 80,710 2,824,504 South Asia 234,832 - 234,832 44,995 7,105 852 44,934 8,112 - 384 296,219 East Asia and the Pacific (9) 348,838 4,581 353,419 909 43,884 1 - - 801 1 398,106 Eastern Europe (10) 2,867,283 16,679 2,883,962 2,519,197 222,406 5 2,486,636 - 152,993 - 5,746,002 South-Eastern Europe 44,843 385 45,228 17,179 1,059 463 318,326 545 17,002 77,329 459,952 Northern, Western, Central and Southern 1,450,479 11,750 1,462,229 19,176 1,075,781 - - - 422,156 6,085 2,966,251 Europe North America and the Caribbean 409,976 - 409,976 879 307,455 - - - 134,747 148 852,326 Latin America 86,408 250,404 336,812 42,614 43,242 1,794 7,113,067 - 1,838 24,965 7,521,718 TOTAL 15,483,893 637,534 16,121,427 12,282,792 3,219,941 201,415 37,494,172 2,317,314 3,687,729 870,740 63,912,738

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POPULATIONS OF CO NCERN TO UNHCR

EASTERN EUROPE

CENTRAL ASIA NORTHERN, WESTERN, CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN EUROPE SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE

SOUTH WEST NORTH AMERICA ASIA AND THE CARIBBEAN

MY Population of concern CY 10,000,000

CMY

K 5,000,000 SOUTHERN AFRICA 1,000,000 LATIN AMERICA

The data are generally provided by Governments, based on their own definitions and People in Of whom IDPs protected/ People under Returned UNHCR's Total population methods of data collection. A dash (-) indicates that the value is zero, not available or not Subregion Refugees refugee-like Total refugees assisted by Asylum-seekers assisted by Returned IDPs Various (2) applicable. refugees statelessness of concern situations UNHCR UNHCR (1) mandate (1) Includes people who are in an IDP-like (6) Refugee figures for Iraqis in the Syrian Central Africa and Great Lakes (3) 1,173,389 15,852 1,189,241 1,058,223 18,468 35,237 1,889,161 1,014,893 1,302 187,577 4,335,879 situation. Arab Republic are Government estimates. UNHCR had registered and was assisting East and Horn of Africa 2,739,375 - 2,739,375 2,739,375 106,959 74,467 6,193,660 157,663 20,000 234,381 9,526,505 (2) People of concern to UNHCR not 18,300 Iraqis at the end of 2015. West Africa 294,953 - 294,953 286,295 7,885 16,375 2,680,061 53,950 700,116 71,536 3,824,876 included in the previous columns but to whom UNHCR extends protection and/ (7) Bangladesh: The refugee population Southern Africa 189,842 - 189,842 61,967 1,159,702 4,698 - - 300,000 28,414 1,682,656 or assistance. includes 200,000 people originating from North Africa (4) Myanmar in a refugee-like situation. The 371,954 26,000 397,954 297,949 74,395 4 434,869 - 22 2 907,246 (3) Democratic Republic of the Congo: (5)(6) Government of Bangladesh estimates the Middle East 2,303,454 38,146 2,341,600 2,153,368 67,976 6,122 13,498,781 1,747 374,215 8,838 16,299,279 The number of Rwandan refugees in population to be 300,000 - 500,000. South-West Asia the Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,777,668 20,485 2,798,153 2,798,153 6,566 61,394 2,320,414 800,291 - 150,317 6,137,135 is subject to change based on a (8) Myanmar: The figure for stateless people Central Asia 3,164 - 3,164 2,080 543 - - - 130,324 53 134,084 registration exercise that resulted in a refers to people without citizenship in (7)(8) figure of 243,000 identified Rwandans. Rakhine State only and does not include South-East Asia 187,435 253,252 440,687 240,433 76,515 3 514,263 280,113 1,432,213 80,710 2,824,504 an estimated 170,000 IDPs and people South Asia (4) Algeria: According to the Government in an IDP-like situation who are included 234,832 - 234,832 44,995 7,105 852 44,934 8,112 - 384 296,219 of Algeria, there are an estimated (9) under the IDP population, but who are not East Asia and the Pacific 348,838 4,581 353,419 909 43,884 1 - - 801 1 398,106 165,000 Sahrawi refugees in the Tindouf considered nationals. The total stateless Eastern Europe (10) 2,867,283 16,679 2,883,962 2,519,197 222,406 5 2,486,636 - 152,993 - 5,746,002 camps. population in Rakhine State is estimated to be approximately 1 million. South-Eastern Europe 44,843 385 45,228 17,179 1,059 463 318,326 545 17,002 77,329 459,952 (5) Jordan: The refugee population Northern, Western, Central and Southern includes 33,200 Iraqis registered with (9) China: The 300,000 Vietnamese refugees 1,450,479 11,750 1,462,229 19,176 1,075,781 - - - 422,156 6,085 2,966,251 UNHCR in Jordan. The Government are well integrated and in practice receive Europe estimates the number of Iraqis at protection from the Government of China. North America and the Caribbean 400,000 individuals at the end of March 409,976 - 409,976 879 307,455 - - - 134,747 148 852,326 2015. This includes refugees and other (10) Turkey: The number of Syrians in Turkey Latin America 86,408 250,404 336,812 42,614 43,242 1,794 7,113,067 - 1,838 24,965 7,521,718 categories of Iraqis. (2,503,500) is a Government estimate. TOTAL 15,483,893 637,534 16,121,427 12,282,792 3,219,941 201,415 37,494,172 2,317,314 3,687,729 870,740 63,912,738

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 17 Needs and Funding Requirements Needs and Funding Requirements

UNHCR presented its updated planned an update on the financial resources UNHCR activities and corresponding budgetary needs will require in 2017 in order to provide them in the Biennial Programme Budget 2016-2017 with protection, assistance and solutions. (revised) of the Office of the United Nations More detailed information on UNHCR’s 2016 High Commissioner for Refugees. This chapter programmes and priorities at the regional, provides an update of the overview of the subregional and country levels are available in planning process used to identify needs this Appeal and on the Global Focus website UNHCR foresees for refugees, stateless http://reporting.unhcr.org, UNHCR’s main people and others of concern. It also offers operational reporting platform for donors.

The 2017 financial requirements amount to needs which are captured under UNHCR’s $7.310 billion. Compared to the 2016 revised comprehensive needs assessment, remain the financial requirements, these represent a slight main factors behind the sharp rise in UNHCR’s decrease of 1.6 per cent. UNHCR thus expects budget, which has more than doubled since 2017 to be as demanding as 2016, and providing 2010. The crises to which UNHCR responded a consistent level of support to the millions in 2016—among them the crises in the Middle of people of concern to the Office and to the East in the Syrian Arab Republic (Syria), Iraq, partners with which it works will result in further and Yemen; in Africa in South Sudan, the operational and financial strain in the absence of Central African Republic, Nigeria, Burundi, further financial support. With the gap between Somalia; to the refugee crisis in Europe and needs and funding increasing, UNHCR must to internal displacement in Ukraine; and in adopt more innovative and more long-term the Americas to the complex situation across approaches to how it plans and responds to the the Northern Triangle of Central America— needs of people of concern, but also in how and will all continue into 2017. The three largest from where it raises funds to do so. emergencies to which UNHCR will respond in 2017—Iraq, Lebanon and Turkey—will alone The multiplication of large-scale emergencies take up nearly a quarter—23 per cent—of the and the complex needs they generate, budget for programmed activities.

18 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update Needs and Funding Requirements Needs and Funding Requirements

This means people of concern will still require decrease of approximately 1.3 million people, or the range of assistance and services which 2 per cent, is projected in 2017, due mainly to the UNHCR and its partners can provide. The projected stabilization of the number of IDPs of requirements in the 2017 budget are to respond concern. This number is expected to return to the to the needs of a projected 68.8 million people 2015 level. of concern, a number which has doubled since 2010’s recorded total of 34 million people With demands growing by the day to help (see Figure 1). According to current estimates, respond to the needs of tens of millions of the total population of concern is expected people of concern in 2017, UNHCR presents to increase by some 6.2 million people, or this overview of its budget, which was 10 per cent, by the end of 2016, in comparison approved by UNHCR’s Executive Committee in to the final population data for 2015. An overall October 2016.

FIGURE 1 Projected numbers of people of concern (in thousands)

2015 2016 2017

People of concern Actual Projection Projection

Refugees (1) 16,21 17,103 17,205

Asylum-seekers (pending cases) 3,220 3,457 3,519

Returnees (arrivals during the year) 201 584 730

People under UNHCR’s statelessness mandate 3,688 3,766 3,742

Internally displaced people (IDPs) (2) 37,494 39,890 37,758

Returned IDPs (during the year) 2,317 4,439 4,901

Others of concern 871 897 957

Total 63,913 70,135 68,812

(1) Includes people in refugee-like situations. (2) Include people in IDP-like situations.

Source: Biennial programme budget 2016-2017 (revised)

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 19 Needs and Funding Requirements

FIGURE 2 UNHCR financial requirements 2017 | USD

2016 2017 Current budget Region and subregions Pillar 1 Pillar 2 Pillar 3 Pillar 4 (as of Refugee Stateless Reintegration IDP Total 30 june 2016) programme programme projects projects

AFRICA

West Africa 261,812,187 147,827,470 8,589,984 54,138,302 30,989,678 241,545,433

East and Horn of Africa 1,511,348,668 1,257,058,813 6,132,019 26,489,523 104,759,936 1,394,440,290 Central Africa and the 630,150,345 471,344,984 3,105,973 61,970,200 88,740,819 625,161,975 Great Lakes

Southern Africa 76,348,936 73,323,387 1,471,374 - - 74,794,760

Subtotal 2,479,660,137 1,949,554,653 19,299,349 142,598,024 224,490,433 2,335,942,459 MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA

Middle East 1,921,325,712 1,181,925,528 1,616,325 - 803,331,105 1,986,872,958

North Africa 174,851,905 180,914,044 - - 2,958,777 183,872,821

Subtotal 2,096,177,616 1,362,839,573 1,616,325 - 806,289,882 2,170,745,779 ASIA AND THE PACIFIC

South-West Asia 335,749,464 248,936,638 235,000 98,866,964 14,014,742 362,053,343

Central Asia 14,678,453 6,565,408 2,387,798 - - 8,953,206

South Asia 31,136,090 28,722,936 621,070 - - 29,344,006

South-East Asia 139,741,598 100,783,309 6,505,476 - 25,021,978 132,310,763

East Asia and the Pacific 12,190,285 11,838,937 407,915 - - 12,246,852

Subtotal 533,495,890 396,847,226 10,157,260 98,866,964 39,036,719 544,908,170 EUROPE

Eastern Europe 418,230,773 459,401,185 2,057,267 - 34,551,447 496,009,900

South-Eastern Europe 68,854,689 35,978,782 3,291,115 3,787,869 17,820,348 60,878,115

Northern, Western, Central 388,157,044 331,258,980 2,743,846 772,510 - 334,775,337 and Southern Europe

Subtotal 875,242,505 826,638,948 8,092,228 4,560,380 52,371,795 891,663,351 THE AMERICAS

North America and the 23,065,313 16,276,838 12,320,926 - - 28,597,764 Caribbean

Latin America 115,111,214 85,655,776 1,521,714 - 29,868,265 117,045,756

Subtotal 138,176,526 101,932,614 13,842,641 - 29,868,265 145,643,520

Subtotal Field 6,122,752,675 4,637,813,014 53,007,802 246,025,368 1,152,057,094 6,088,903,278 Global Programmes 411,129,632 425,117,048 - - - 425,117,048

Headquarters1 229,010,321 229,172,929 - - - 229,172,929

Operational Reserve 389,807,959 534,511,079 - - - 534,511,079

«New or additional 20,000,000 20,000,000 - - - 20,000,000 activities - mandate- related» Reserve

Junior Professional 12,000,000 12,000,000 - - - 12,000,000 Officers

Total 7,184,700,587 5,858,614,071 53,007,802 246,025,368 1,152,057,094 7,309,704,335

1 The Annual Programme Budget includes allocations from the UN Regular Budget as follows: $41.0 million for 2016, and $41.2 million in 2017. All values are provisional, subject to approval of final United Nations Programme Budget and subsequent recosting.

20 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update Needs and Funding Requirements

What is UNHCR’s programme The programme budget is broken down into budget? three categories:

It is a consolidation of the organization’s 1. Field operations - operational activities financial requirements formulated on the basis budgeted by region and carried out in of comprehensive needs identified through operations around the world; a global needs assessment (GNA). The GNA 2. Global programmes - technical activities methodology presents a comprehensive undertaken by substantive divisions at picture of the needs, commensurate with UNHCR Headquarters but that are of direct UNHCR’s ability to implement. benefit to field operations globally; and The GNA methodology assesses 3. Headquarters - work carried out by requirements through a participatory divisions and bureaux located in Geneva, approach, in consultation with various Budapest and Copenhagen, as well as in stakeholders in the field, so that plans and offices in other regional capitals, which budgets are prepared to respond to the provides policy guidance, administrative full range of needs identified. A thorough support, and managerial and programmatic global review process ensures that UNHCR’s assistance to field operations. comprehensive plans present a realistic and coherent response to the needs identified, and that they are in alignment with the How does UNHCR prioritize its Office’s global strategic priorities (GSPs). activities? GSPs represent a common set of key priorities for planning in UNHCR’s operations As the budget can only be implemented to worldwide (see the chapter on Global the extent that resources are made available Strategic Priorities). during the implementation period, UNHCR maintains a phased approach and continuously The operational plans that constitute the reprioritizes and adjusts its programmes GNA present a portfolio of responses accordingly. Dynamic budget targets regulate intended to allow persons of concern not the level of expenditure, authorized based just survive, but thrive. It is calculated on on funding availability. UNHCR is heavily projected figures of 68.8 million people bound by the way the funds are allocated of concern to UNHCR in 2017, giving due to it. UNHCR regularly reviews the financial consideration to the Office’s estimated situation, projected income and underfunded capacity to implement the planned situations for real time allocation of resources, programmes with available resources. while respecting the earmarking of donors.

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 21 Needs and Funding Requirements

Overview of 2017 requirements

Recap on 2016 budget and funding

At the 67th Standing Committee meeting in (albeit with the final figure likely to be different September UNHCR reported estimated total in the light of the additional funding to be funds available for 2016 (including carry over, received and the new supplementary appeals voluntary contributions recorded and projected, established thereafter). This had very real Regular Budget and other estimated income impacts on operations, notably on the provision and adjustments) of $4.062 billion. At the same of life-saving assistance and essential services date the 2016 total budget had reached $7.432 in protracted crises. Against this backdrop, billion despite continuous prioritization, including the Office had to make difficult decisions with downward adjustments in Africa and the Middle respect to how it allocated limited resources East and North Africa. such as unearmarked funds. UNHCR had to constantly prioritize, a difficult exercise made This level of funding, however, left a projected more difficult when the use of resources was gap for 2016 of $3.370 billion, or 45.3 per cent restricted by tight earmarking.

Budget breakdown and operational focus

Figure 3 provides a visual presentation of the each of the five geographical regions, as well percentage breakdown of the various parts as to global programmes, HQ, JPOs and the of the 2017 budget. This shows in particular reserves. the proportion of the budget allocated to

FIGURE 3 2017 budget by region | Percentage

Reserves JPOs 7.6% 0.2% Headquarters 3.1%

Global Programmes Africa 5.8% 32%

The Americas 2%

Middle East and North Africa Asia and the Pacific 29.7% 7.5%

Europe 12.2%

22 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update Needs and Funding Requirements

Figure 4 displays the budgets by pillar, showing be in Europe. Pillar IV’s requirements of $1.15 the portion that has been allocated regionally. billion for global IDP programmes constitute 17 The budget assigned to the Pillars amounts to per cent of total pillar requirements, with the $6.74 billion. Pillar I’s requirements of $5.29 highest regional percentage in Africa, at 37 per billion for global refugee programmes constitute cent. Pillar II’s requirements for statelessness 78 per cent of the total requirements of the programmes at one per cent, and Pillar III’s four pillars. Geographically, 63 per cent of for reintegration at four per cent complete the UNHCR’s Pillar I budget will be assigned to budgets. The highest percentage of those Africa and MENA, but, at 93 per cent, the highest budgets will be spent for Pillar II in the Americas, percentage of Pillar I planned expenditure will and in Asia and Pacific for Pillar III.

FIGURE 4 2017 Regional budgets by pillars | USD millions

Note: The chart does not include budgets for Operational Reserve, “New or additional activities - mandate-related” Reserve, and Junior Professional Officers.

Figure 5 presents the consolidated field order to assure timely delivery. This will include budgets by rights group. Of the requirements significantly more efforts in 2017 to assist people for the field, 54 per cent are for providing basic of concern through cash-based interventions needs and essential services for which UNHCR where this is the most appropriate modality. depends on predictable and flexible funding in

FIGURE 5 2017 Field budgets by rights group | USD millions

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 23 Needs and Funding Requirements

Resource mobilization: a continuing challenge Key indicators for funding As an organization almost entirely dependent • Quantity: the amount of funding received on voluntary contributions, UNHCR continues to seek new ways of increasing funding levels • Quality: whether the funding is earmarked and finding new sources of financing, with a or unearmarked, which determines in large view to broadening its donor base and reducing part the flexibility of the funding funding gaps. While needs have climbed sharply • Timeliness: how soon during the year since 2009, donor contributions have also risen, almost doubling during the same period. UNHCR funding is received remains very grateful to its donors who continue • Predictability: how reliable or firm are the to provide remarkable support for the work of indications that funding will be disbursed the organization in many different ways. Details or agreed of the contributions of UNHCR’s donors can be found on the Global Focus website • Diversity: how wide is the range of donors (http://reporting.unhcr.org). from which funding is sought and secured

UNHCR’s resource mobilisation strategy

UNHCR takes as basic principles of its resource mobilisation strategy that fundraising is a corporate responsibility involving both With these principles in mind, UNHCR’s HQ and field; that UNHCR raises funds first fundraising strategy is based around six key and foremost for prioritized activities; and that priorities. the funds it raises are as flexible as possible, given the range of locations, contexts and 1. Recognizing that the majority of UNHCR’s themes within which the Office works, thus income comes from governmental donors, allowing UNHCR to freely allocate its financial maintain and strengthen traditional resources throughout the year, depending on bilateral donors’ engagement, ensuring full needs. Putting it simply, the preferences of the coordination between HQ and field-based Office for income would be, firstly, unrestricted efforts so as to avoid duplication, excessive or or unearmarked funding, followed by funding burdensome earmarking and reporting, and that is broadly earmarked (such as funding compliance with UNHCR’s regulations. to a region or situation), then funding that is earmarked. For all types of funding, multiyear 2. Broaden the governmental donor base, funding is most desirable, without unduly matching UNHCR’s needs with the interests burdensome reporting requirements. and ambitions of new and emerging donors.

24 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update Needs and Funding Requirements

3. Increase transitional and development The lack of available funding to sustain funding, matching these funds to activities protection and assistance for people in such as reintegration, livelihood support, protracted displacement leaves gaps with the risk building national protection capacities, and that further deteriorations will occur in sudden support for refugee hosting areas, and linking or protracted situations, and in the protection these activities to clear and well-formulated challenges facing people of concern. In these exit strategies. difficult times, therefore, UNHCR relies more than ever on early, predictable and unearmarked 4. Strengthen inter-agency cooperation in income to provide uninterrupted protection and fundraising through increasing multilateral assistance for populations of concern. planning and information sharing, including with donors, and drafting of coordinated The following examples illustrate the importance refugee response plans. of unearmarked funds.

5. Continue fundraising efforts towards UN- Unrestricted funding is vitally important for administered funds such as the CERF and refugee situations affecting multiple countries. country-based pooled funds, particularly in To be effective, funding to such situations needs emergency situations. to be as broadly earmarked as possible as situational management reflects the complexity 6. Raise funds from the private sector, of today’s environment of sustained and mass including corporations, foundations, high net displacement. Crises are pushing people of worth individuals and individual donors, and concern to UNHCR into multiple locations, over to make the necessary investments that will greater and greater distances. Situations are allow UNHCR to build a broad base of support interlinked, one crisis generating impacts in for displacement issues among the general another, or with the impacts felt far away. Given public and with partnerships, generating a this complexity, UNHCR’s response must, in turn, stable stream of largely unrestricted income. be similarly responsive and reflective. To be so, UNHCR needs financial support that is similarly Quality of funding: making the case for flexible and amenable to be placed across the unearmarking spectrum of displacement, from where people in need are forced to flee, to where they find As the gap between needs and available refuge. humanitarian resources widens ever further, support provided through unearmarked funding Unearmarked resources underpin UNHCR’s drive has become even more crucial in providing the towards creating more equitable opportunities flexibility to implement emergency operations for all people of concern, and are the foundation as soon as possible, and the ability to continue of UNHCR’s global programmes. Because to fill significant funding gaps, often those out of funding for these activities is not earmarked, it the spotlight in protracted situations, and deliver allows UNHCR to respond quickly to emerging critical services to the most disadvantaged challenges and invest in innovative programmes amongst the populations of concern. and approaches.

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 25 Needs and Funding Requirements

Private sector contributions Crucially, nearly half the income from the private sector is unearmarked. This success is due in UNHCR continues to foster the growth of private large part to the tremendous public response sector fundraising and partnerships to broaden to UNHCR’s advocacy and outreach, garnering its donor base and diversify its funding sources. financial support not only for emergencies in Over the past decade, the financial support the headlines, such as the response to the UNHCR has received from the private sector Nepal earthquake in 2015, but for other less annually has increased more than tenfold, from visible, although as critical, situations. This is $22 million in 2006 to a projected $310 million another example of the critical importance of by the end of 2016, representing around 7 per unearmarked funding, of which UNHCR expects cent of UNHCR’s overall projected voluntary to receive over $150 million from private sector contributions for 2016 (see Figure 6). sources by the end of 2016.

FIGURE 6 Contributions from the private sector 2010-2017 | USD millions

In order to achieve its ambitious growth targets, organization extra flexibility in its operational the Office will continue investing strategically response. Through both individual giving and in fundraising opportunities and diversifying its leadership giving programmes, private-sector sources of income, while working to reduce the fundraising efforts will be undertaken through cost of fundraising. In 2017-2018 UNHCR will a global network of UNHCR country offices, six pursue its current strategy of mobilizing $500 National Partners, and global digital engagement million by the end of 2018 from private sector (see section on Private Sector in the chapter on partners and individual donors, of which at Supporting UNHCR’s work). least 50 per cent is unearmarked, allowing the

26 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update Needs and Funding Requirements

Civil society support for refugees is evermore largest provider to UNHCR of unearmarked necessary. Through direct outreach, and dynamic funds, which allow for greater operational and innovative digital engagement, private flexibility in responding to refugee situations. sector fundraising builds a community of active For 2016, and building on the support and supporters. Today, two thirds of UNHCR’s private opportunities generated in 2015, PSP expects sector income comes from more than 1.7 million to raise more than $310 million. It will continue individual donors globally. This has been as a to grow its supporter base and expects to have result of sustained investment and outreach by over 1.7 million donors by the end of the year. UNHCR, and by its national partners, not only in terms of raising revenue but also in terms of The priorities for 2017 are to: raising awareness in their communities, and the building up of a large donor base. • Increase the number of individual supporters and the overall value of their support. Private sector fundraising strategy • Engage more deeply with corporations and foundations to develop significant strategic UNHCR’s Private Sector Partnerships service partnerships. (PSP) mobilizes resources and engagement from the private sector by encouraging support • Continue the digital transformation of from individual private donors and developing the fundraising operation by investing in partnerships with corporations and foundations. infrastructure and capacity especially in the This is achieved through: areas of mobile and web presence. • Step up communication and public • Six National Partners: Australia for UNHCR, engagement efforts in key markets to both España con ACNUR, Japan for UNHCR, increase the awareness of UNHCR and to Sweden for UNHCR, UNO Flüchtlingshilfe improve the quality and quantity of income. (Germany) and USA for UNHCR. These partners • Continue driving down the cost of fundraising collectively raise more than half of UNHCR’s by building sustainable platforms of support. income from the private sector; • PSP offices in twenty prioritized countries; and, A mid-term review of UNHCR’s strategy for • Global digital outreach through English, Arabic private sector fundraising was undertaken at the and Spanish language hubs. beginning of 2016. The Office remains focused on the delivery of its stated goal of mobilizing The trend over the last several years has seen $500 million per annum by the end of 2018. To increases in the quality and quantity of income achieve this it will need the deepening support from the private sector. 2015 was an exceptional of major players in the private sector to build year and public generosity as a result of the partnerships that extend its outreach and Nepal earthquake and the refugee crisis in engagement with civil society. This will be critical Europe ensured PSP exceeded its expectations, as, in the first half of 2017, UNHCR develops its raising $284 million, of which 48 per cent was next strategy for private sector fundraising with unrestricted. This made the private sector the the intention of raising $1 billion annually.

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 27 Needs and Funding Requirements

Funding gaps and consequences have had to be dropped, often undermining of underfunding important areas such as support for self-reliance; the search for durable solutions; support for The scope, scale and geographical reach of host communities; the upholding of minimum humanitarian crises in 2016 placed significant standards; and efforts to continuously seek to pressure on the global humanitarian system. improve the protection of people of concern. More than ever before in its history, UNHCR and its partners were stretched to respond to the While the resources available from donors to ever-increasing challenges as the numbers and assist people in need are increasing globally— needs of people of concern have been growing and while UNHCR acknowledges 2016 as the considerably faster than the level of funding year of what promises to be its highest level of available globally for humanitarian aid. While in contributions ever—the increases in funding are 2010, funds available to UNHCR represented 64 not keeping up with the increasing demands (see per cent of its comprehensive budget, by the Figure 7). While many donors have continued end of 2016, the Office anticipates being able to to increase their contributions, and despite cover only 55 per cent of it. Thus, almost half of the successful growth of private sector giving, the needs of populations of concern will remain UNHCR will need significantly more funding to unaddressed. adequately address the most basic needs of the people it is mandated to care for around Specifically, what does this mean and look like? the world. To address the growing funding gaps in major humanitarian emergencies, UNHCR Underfunding has had a considerable impact on commits to working with its donors and partners protracted crises, where the response has had to find new ways to expand humanitarian to be prioritized to the absolute minimum for funding. urgent life-saving interventions. Planned activities

FIGURE 7 UNHCR’s annual requirements vs voluntary contributions 2010-2017 | USD millions

* Estimated total funds available (including carryover, voluntary contributions recorded and projected, Regular Budget and other estimated income and adjustments)

28 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update Needs and Funding Requirements

Shaping new responses and more decisive engagement in 2017

With more than 68 million people projected and Migrants, the Leaders’ Summit, and New York to be forcibly displaced globally—as refugees Declaration all represent new opportunities and or within their own countries—it is time to new ways of approaching, managing, financing recognize that business as usual is ever less and, hopefully, solving humanitarian crises. The of an option. Addressing forced displacement New York Declaration in particular represents is a humanitarian challenge, requiring global a meaningful step forward in terms of fulfilling solutions, and engaging a full range of gaps in refugee protection and international instruments and actors in the political, security, responsibility sharing. The Comprehensive humanitarian and development spheres. While Refugee Response Framework, a key element of this is not new, there are signs that 2017 will the Declaration, is the blueprint for making this offer opportunities to change the way UNHCR happen. responds to the needs of people of concern. UNHCR is also expanding its collaboration with Despite the mounting toll of conflict and the development actors and investing in innovative weight of protracted emergencies, it is important partnerships with the World Bank, OECD, ILO and to reflect that UNHCR’s needs are not all or UNDP to reduce the funding gap and advance on always for emergency response. As well, in solutions to protracted crises. Multi-year planning emergencies, in protracted crises, in the search and funding pilots will greatly facilitate UNHCR’s for solutions, UNHCR is increasingly able to ability to prepare complementary planning with call upon the engagement of a much broader development actors. Multi-partner protection range of actors, including a greater range of and solutions strategies are at the base of the private sector partnerships, through predictable planning, all efforts which dovetail with UNHCR’s cooperative arrangements, activated even commitments under the World Humanitarian before a crisis hits. Valuable lessons are being Summit and Grand Bargain. The Sustainable learned from places like Uganda that have Development Goals (SDGs) present UNHCR with integrated refugees into their national planning. an opportunity to facilitate closer links between The potential of the private sector to contribute humanitarian and development, with one way of financially, to work with UNHCR and its partners ensuring the conflict dimension is not forgotten to resolve critical issues and bring new practices is by including refugees and other forcibly and approaches to the way it works, is immense. displaced people in SDG statistics, programmes To this mix should be added the transformational and accountability mechanisms. potential of cash-based interventions. More and more, needs are being associated Amidst high levels of generosity—from both with ways to enable refugees to move away hosting and donor countries—there are new from being the recipients of assistance and initiatives to work with and new goals to work to increasing their resilience and that of their towards. These include the May 2016 World host communities. These approaches also Humanitarian Summit, and the Grand Bargain. have costs, but these costs should be seen The World Humanitarian Summit recognized more as investments in the long-term futures financing as a key enabler and catalyst for and potential of refugees and people of meeting humanitarian needs, reflecting concern, shrinking the needs by empowering commitments in a Grand Bargain (see table refugees and strengthening the humanitarian- below) to strengthen the humanitarian system development nexus. In the long-term, enhanced through more efficient, transparent, accountable engagement of development actors should and effective ways of working. The Forum on increase opportunities for people of concern to New Approaches to Protracted Displacement, become self-reliant and integrated into national the September 2016 UN Summit for Refugees social services.

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 29 Needs and Funding Requirements

Such scenarios should lead to long-term very basic needs of millions of people of concern decreases of funding needs for UNHCR. These around the world. decreases, however, require up-front investment by UNHCR allowing it to implement projects UNHCR’s Grand Bargain commitments at the that will facilitate and complement development World Humanitarian Summit projects. While many donors have continued to increase their contributions, and despite UNHCR is an active participant in the Grand the successful growth of private sector giving, Bargain, with specific commitments under five of UNHCR needs significantly more funding to the ten work streams. adequately address these issues, as well as the

UNHCR’s Grand Bargain commitments

More support and funding tools for local UNHCR commits to expand its investment in institutional capacity and national responders building of national partners, and to support effective emergency preparedness.

UNHCR is committed to transfer at least 25% of its programme expenditures to local and national responders by 2020.

Increase use and coordination of cash- UNHCR is committed to doubling the amount of funds programmed base programming for cash-based interventions by the end of 2020.

Reduce duplication and management UNHCR is committed to reduce the cost of procurement and logistics costs with periodic functional reviews by 10 per cent by the end of 2020 through the use of shared services with partner agencies.

UNHCR is also committed to expand the use of biometrics for refugee registration to 75 operations by 2020.

A participation revolution UNHCR is committed to ensuring equal (50 per cent) and meaningful participation of women and adolescent girls in all decision-making processes and structures in forced displacement contexts by 2020.

Enhance engagement between UNHCR is committed to further collaboration with Multilateral humanitarian and development actors Development Banks and, based on joint research with development partners, will enhance its evidence-based advocacy on behalf of populations in protracted situations.

UNHCR is committed to reinforcing the Solutions Alliance as a central platform for collaborative actions in support of solutions to conflict- induced displacement.

30 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update Needs and Funding Requirements

For the other five work streams, UNHCR Increase collaborative humanitarian multi- is committed to active and wide-ranging year planning and funding: UNHCR has multi- engagement and participation. year planning in place for six operations, namely Ghana, Senegal, the United Republic of Tanzania, Greater transparency: UNHCR is analyzing Uganda, Costa Rica and Ecuador. UNHCR will the current IATI standard which has been expand multi-year planning to 15 additional created in order to track development funding. operations, reaching a total of 21 operations in UNHCR’s planning and budgeting does not 2017. UNHCR also has a multi-year “Graduation match easily to the standard. UNHCR is approach” for self-sufficiency for refugees in Egypt, committed to improving the already high level Zambia, Burkina Faso, Costa Rica and Ecuador. and range of the transparency of its reporting. With other humanitarian agencies, it is also Reduce the earmarking of donor contributions: working to advocate that the IATI standard For the last three years, UNHCR has published be more reflective of the particularities of a special report on unearmarked funding, humanitarian agencies and their ability to indicating how UNHCR has used this valuable report. resource. UNHCR will improve this publication to ensure it provides what donors require to Improve joint and impartial needs continue providing unearmarked funding. assessments: In 2017, UNHCR will finalize its guidance for joint multi-sectoral needs Harmonize and simplify reporting requirements: assessment when UNHCR is responsible for UNHCR’s work here is heavily linked with the leading assessments and for when it is part work on localisation of aid. Together with UNICEF of coordinated joint needs assessments. and WFP, UNHCR is harmonising partnership UNHCR is strengthening its evidence-base for agreements and reporting templates. This would assessments, and its data portals contribute lead to local and national partners spending less to timely sharing of assessment results and time on administrative work, managing different information. types of arrangements.

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 31 wrl_requirements_2016-10-06.pdf 1 12/10/2016 11:29:59

UNHCR’S REQUIREMENTS IN 2017 | BY OPERATION

Iceland Russian Federation Canada

Kazakhstan Mongolia Uzbekistan Kyrgyzstan Dem. People's Rep. of Korea United States of America Turkey Turkmenistan Tajikistan Syrian Arab China Rep. of Korea Japan Tunisia Lebanon Rep. Islamic Rep. Afghanistan Morocco Iraq of Iran Jordan Bhutan Kuwait Algeria Pakistan Nepal Libya Bahamas Western Egypt Bahrain Qatar Sahara Mexico Belize Haiti United Arab Cuba Saudi Arabia India Myanmar Mauritania Emirates Lao People's Dem. Rep. Dominican Republic Oman Cape Verde Mali Niger Bangladesh Guatemala Jamaica Gambia Senegal Chad Sudan Eritrea Yemen Thailand El Salvador Honduras Burkina Viet Nam Guinea-Bissau Djibouti Cambodia Philippines Nicaragua Bolivarian Rep. Guinea Faso Benin of Venezuela Guyana Sierra Leone Côte Ghana Nigeria South C Costa Rica Ethiopia Sri Lanka Suriname d'Ivoire Central African Palau Panama Liberia Sudan Rep. Malaysia Brunei Darussalam M Colombia French Guiana (FRA) Togo Cameroon Somalia Uganda Maldives Singapore Y Kenya Ecuador Equatorial Guinea Gabon Indonesia Dem. Rep. Rwanda CM Sao Tome and Principe of the Congo United Burundi Seychelles Papua Rep.of New Guinea MY Rep. of the Congo Tanzania Timor-Leste Solomon Islands Brazil CY Requirements USD Peru Angola Comoros Zambia Malawi CMY Above 300 million Plurinational State of Bolivia Mozambique K Zimbabwe Mauritius 150 to 300 million Namibia Madagascar Paraguay Botswana Australia 50 to 150 million Swaziland Lesotho 10 to 50 million South Africa Chile Uruguay 5 to 10 million Argentina Norway Finland Sweden Below 5 million Estonia New Zealand U.K. of Great Britain Denmark Latvia Note: Excludes regional activities, and Northern Ireland Lithuania global programmes, Headquarters, Russian Federation Netherlands the Liaison Office in New York and Belarus the Global Service Centres in Ireland Budapest and Copenhagen. Germany Poland Belgium Czech Rep. *Including Kosovo (Security Council Luxembourg Ukraine resolution 1244 (1999)) Slovakia Austria Hungary Rep. of France Switzerland Moldova Croatia Italy Romania Serbia* Bulgaria Bosnia and Georgia Herzegovina Montenegro Armenia Azerbaijan Portugal Spain Greece Turkey Albania

The former Syrian Malta Cyprus Yugoslav Rep. of Arab Rep. Tunisia Lebanon Macedonia Iraq Morocco Algeria Israel Jordan Saudi The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Libya Egypt Arabia

32 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update wrl_requirements_2016-10-06.pdf 1 12/10/2016 11:29:59

UNHCR’S REQUIREMENTS IN 2017 | BY OPERATION

Iceland Russian Federation Canada

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 33 Emmanuel, 13, a refugee from South Sudan, builds a shelter with palm trees in Bitima, a small village near the border in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Working environment

The number of refugees and internally displaced people in Africa continues to rise. Between January 2015 and January 2016, some 2.5 million people were newly displaced, fleeing to safety within their country or across borders. There are currently around 20 million people of concern to UNHCR in sub- Saharan Africa, including an estimated 4.4 million refugees and 11 million internally displaced. These numbers are expected to rise in 2017 and beyond if the root causes of the conflicts driving this displacement are not addressed.

Conflicts in countries such as Burundi, the Central African Republic, Nigeria and South Sudan continue to produce outflows of people, despite peace talks and agreements. In 2017, UNHCR will continue providing protection and assistance to these populations in the surrounding countries, as well as addressing protracted situations such as in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mali, Somalia and Sudan. While providing life-saving assistance, the Office’s operations across the continent will also focus on finding innovative and lasting solutions, building on positive examples such as those in the United Republic of Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia.

UNHCR is concerned by funding shortages for humanitarian programmes and the impact in 2017 of this year’s El Niño on harvests, and their cumulative effect on increasing food insecurity across Africa. In 2016, some 76 per cent of refugees faced ration cuts, or did not receive a full daily ration.

Africa

Major operations Kenya

As a result of the impending closure of Burundi situation the Dadaab refugee camps following an announcement made by the Kenyan Since April 2015, 300,000 Burundians Government in May 2016, UNHCR and WEST AFRICA have fled to neighbouring countries partners will continue their efforts to following election-related violence. identify solutions for Somali refugees in Anticipating continued unrest, UNHCR Kenya, including through voluntary return has enacted contingency plans with to Somalia. UNHCR will work closely with partners for a 2017 planning figure the authorities to ensure that all returns CENTRAL AFRICA AND EAST AND of some 120,000 newly displaced will be voluntary and dignified. THE GREAT LAKES HORN OF Burundians. The Office will continue to AFRICA prioritize activities focused on preserving the civilian character of refugee camps Mali situation and responding to and addressing incidents of sexual and gender-based While the “Agreement for peace and violence which have been reported by reconciliation” signed in June 2015 was arriving refugees. a positive development in the peace process, ongoing insecurity in Mali means SOUTHERN AFRICA C more than 134,000 Malians displaced M Central African Republic in Burkina Faso, Mauritania and Niger situation are unable or unwilling to return. The Y implementation of the peace agreement,CM Lingering conflict at the grassroots and the re-establishment of security MY level and the pressures of inter- and basic services in Mali may still take CY ethnic violence in the Central African some time, delaying the anticipated CMY

Republic have created an atmosphere voluntary repatriation until well into 2018.K Refugees of insecurity across the country. A new UNHCR’s response will therefore focus influx of South Sudanese into the north- on increasing livelihoods and resilience- Asylum-seekers east of the Central African Republic based interventions for long-staying Returnees (refugees and IDPs) has added a further layer of complexity refugees while providing re-integration to this crisis. UNHCR will continue to support to voluntary returnees. Stateless people assist refugees from the Central African Internally displaced people (IDPs) Republic in neighbouring Cameroon, Chad, the Republic of the Congo, and Others of concern the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Support will be provided to spontaneous returnees, in particular with regard to Population of concern access to former land and property. as of January 2016 6,000,000 3,000,000 500,000

36 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update Africa Map.pdf 1 21/10/2016 13:50:37

Africa

Nigeria situation

Responding to continuing violence in Nigeria in 2016, UNHCR declared an internal level three emergency, to WEST AFRICA facilitate an increase in deployment of staff and resources, particularly to northern Nigeria. Together with others, UNHCR will assist in the return of 2.1 million IDPs and nearly 167,000 CENTRAL AFRICA AND EAST AND refugees in neighbouring countries. THE GREAT LAKES HORN OF UNHCR will prioritize its response to AFRICA enhance protection, including addressing psycho-social needs, providing emergency and transitional shelter, and supporting camp coordination and camp management.

SOUTHERN AFRICA South Sudan situation C

M In South Sudan, with the peace process Y faltering and conflict breaking out in CM previously peaceful regions such as MY Western Equatoria, South Sudanese CY refugees have sought asylum in CMY previously unaffected areas of the

K Democratic Republic of the Congo Refugees (40,000) and the Central African Asylum-seekers Republic (5,000). South Sudanese refugees continue to be hosted Returnees (refugees and IDPs) throughout the region, including in Stateless people Uganda (374,000), Ethiopia (300,000), Sudan (247,000) and Kenya (90,000). Internally displaced people (IDPs) Some 1.6 million people are currently Others of concern displaced within South Sudan, while the country is also host to 261,000 refugees from Sudan. Population of concern as of January 2016 6,000,000 3,000,000 500,000

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 37 Africa

The Horn of Africa South Africa

Africa, particularly the Horn, will continue Southern Africa has remained somewhat to be affected by the continuing war in stable, despite recent tensions in Tete Yemen as a second year of violence saw Province in Mozambique, which has significant numbers of refugees fleeing caused some 2,000 people to flee into to Somalia (21,000), Djibouti (3,600), Malawi since mid-2015. UNHCR will Ethiopia (2,200), and Sudan (1,400). work with the South African government New arrivals into Djibouti, Ethiopia and in addressing increasing incidents of Somalia include returning nationals as xenophobia, as well as providing advice well as refugees from Yemen and third and assistance in light of the growing countries fleeing violence in Yemen. trend of economically-motivated migrants who travel with refugees throughout the region. West Africa

Across Western Africa, the political and security situation has remained generally Regional strategy stable, some exceptions being election- related violence. In 2017, the Office will The outlook for 2017 in sub-Saharan build upon previous efforts to resolve Africa is daunting. Simultaneous complex long-standing refugee situations, for emergencies, many with two or more example for Ivorian refugees. A multi- crises affecting the same country, have year protection and solutions strategy is made the development of multi-year, being pursued for Senegalese refugees predictable, and interlinked strategic in Gambia and Guinea Bissau, as well planning difficult. While refugee as Mauritanian refugees in Senegal, emergencies triggered by conflicts in Ghanaian refugees in Togo, and Togolese Burundi, the Central African Republic, refugees in Ghana. A regional strategy northern Nigeria and South Sudan are for the protection of and solutions for set to dominate UNHCR’s operations in stateless people will be pursued in the the region, protracted situations, such as coming years for the nearly one million those affecting 2 million refugees from stateless in West Africa. the Democratic Republic of the Congo

38 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update Africa

and Somalia, will need continued support. Training and assistance Despite this harrowing background, towards building livelihoods progress continues to be made, with durable solution interventions for Angolan In the coming years, UNHCR will and Rwandan refugees expected to be endeavour to make significant completed by the end of 2018. investments in the livelihoods sector, drawing together the expertise of In addition to developing contingency international financial institutions such plans for regions affected by conflict, as the African Development Bank, the including basic life-sustaining assistance, World Bank, as well as UNDP and the UNHCR will prioritize the following three private sector to increase knowledge and key areas over the coming years, in opportunities for refugees to gain greater order to equip displaced people with the self-reliance. In Uganda, for example, tools to build a dignified and sustainable refugees and host communities receive future, whether in exile or upon return. training together in a range of skills allowing them to respond to local market needs for new or particular goods, Adequate and accessible products and services. education

Through its global “2012 – 2016 Addressing food insecurity Education Strategy” and country-level UNHCR is also driven to respond to education strategies, UNHCR supports increasing food insecurity for refugees the provision of refugee education throughout the region. Funding as a core element of its mandate shortages, conflict, and the damage to ensure protection and durable from El Niño to crop production resulted solutions for people of concern. In in cuts to food rations for around 2017, country operations will continue 75 per cent of the refugees in Africa to focus on activities which will enable from September 2015 to February 2016. refugee children to enrol in school by Nutrition monitoring from 71 sites showed reducing classroom overcrowding, that malnutrition levels in a quarter of capacitating teachers, improving the them were above emergency levels. quality of teaching, and ensuring that UNHCR will work closely with the World students from both refugee and host Food Programme to explore more flexible communities can study together in a forms of assistance, such as cash-based mutually-encouraging and rewarding interventions. UNHCR is also studying environment. the effects of the cuts in food rations to

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 39 Africa

understand better how to address such Kenya, Mali, Mozambique, Senegal, South protection-related deficits as reduced Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Uganda and food consumption, school drop-outs, Zimbabwe — to reduce the current figure early and forced marriages, and survival of over 1 million stateless people. sex.

UNHCR will also work to ensure that host communities are not left behind, Constraints committing to promote the development of whole regions with a view to reducing UNHCR operations in sub-Saharan Africa tensions and enhancing cohesion. UNHCR often face difficulties in implementation has been working with an increasing of activities that are not directly range of government, financial and related to financial requirements (see private sector partners keen to expand below). In some cases, the Office on multi-year projects in refugee-hosting is unable to carry out essential life- regions that benefit both the displaced saving interventions due to ongoing and hosting communities. Operations insecurity, for example in some areas of hosting large numbers of refugees South Sudan and particularly in north- in Chad, Ethiopia, Niger and Uganda eastern Nigeria. In the past year, three have achieved positive outcomes with UNHCR staff in Mogadishu, Somalia regard to UNHCR’s out of camp policy were tragically killed, although the Office and supporting refugees’ right to work. has not reduced its capacity there, and Together with partners, the organization indeed is planning to increase its on-the- is planning in Kenya, Chad and Cameroon ground staff to better monitor voluntary to have refugees integrated into national returns. As well, criminality in insecure services, including health and education. areas has led to a loss of humanitarian assets and goods. The region is subject In line with the global commitment to the effects of El Niño and other to eradicate statelessness by 2024, widespread adverse weather patterns UNHCR will dedicate resources in 15 that induce flooding, landslides and countries in Africa — Burkina Faso, drought which have related effects on Burundi, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Chad, the Offices’ logistical capacity and on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, regional agricultural production. n

40 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update Africa

Financial information

In just six years, UNHCR’s financial operations in Africa amount to Response Plans (RRPs) are in place requirements to assist refugees $2.33 billion. This reflects little for the Burundi, the Central African and other populations of concern change from the initial request to Republic, Nigeria, South Sudan in Africa have increased by nearly the Executive Committee in 2016, and Yemen situations. While the 50 per cent (from $1.78 billion to with a decrease of six per cent RRPs are issued at the beginning $2.66 billion in 2016). Between ($143.7 million) when compared to of the year, several plans had to 2013 and 2014, the budget for the revised 2016 budget, which be revised during 2016 to take into Africa increased by 31 per cent due included revised requirements account changes in the operational mainly to the repatriation of some for the various new emergencies context. At the time of writing, RRPs 21,000 Malian refugees, and the in Burundi, and for the Yemen in Africa were only 30 per cent Central African Republic and South situation. The 2017 financial funded. This funding gap will Sudan emergencies. requirements include budgets for have significant consequences the current emergencies. on critical programmes, including Despite the range of emergencies delays in implementation or non- and protracted situations, the 2017 Regional refugee coordination delivery of expected supplies and financial requirements for UNHCR’s mechanisms and Regional Refugee services to refugees.

Africa 2017 budget by rights group | USD millions

Budgets for Africa 2008-2017 | USD millions

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 41 Africa

BudgetS FOR Africa | USD

2017 2016 Current Operation budget Pillar 1 Pillar 2 Pillar 3 Pillar 4 (as of 30 Refugee Stateless Reintegration IDP Total June 2016) programme programme projects projects

WEST africa

Burkina Faso 21,679,174 20,812,391 510,537 0 0 21,322,928 Côte d'Ivoire 30,785,020 3,051,362 4,174,881 13,032,206 0 20,258,448 Ghana 9,444,755 8,878,867 0 0 0 8,878,867 Guinea 7,463,159 4,471,017 0 0 0 4,471,017 Liberia 23,860,907 16,194,818 0 0 0 16,194,818 Mali 49,171,913 11,691,893 1,111,441 25,985,444 1,218,753 40,007,532 Niger 51,188,166 51,291,542 685,411 0 3,296,830 55,273,783 Nigeria 29,489,299 4,997,397 0 15,120,652 26,474,095 46,592,144 Senegal Regional Office1 38,729,795 26,438,183 2,107,714 0 0 28,545,896 Subtotal 261,812,187 147,827,470 8,589,984 54,138,302 30,989,678 241,545,433 East and Horn of Africa

Chad 162,726,009 159,003,568 991,739 0 2,850,000 162,845,307 Djibouti 31,987,830 33,785,056 0 0 0 33,785,056 Eritrea 4,891,037 3,899,094 0 0 0 3,899,094 Ethiopia 279,327,419 260,779,824 0 0 0 260,779,824 Ethiopia (Regional Liaison 2,042,045 2,205,453 0 0 0 2,205,453 Office to the AU and ECA) Kenya 226,880,884 213,520,184 852,845 0 0 214,373,030 Kenya Regional Support 5,712,208 6,092,571 0 0 0 6,092,571 Hub Somalia 100,679,350 29,226,758 0 20,176,076 35,900,072 85,302,906 South Sudan 275,668,213 131,086,974 1,486,448 0 39,099,198 171,672,619 Sudan 156,762,671 114,638,499 2,600,987 6,313,447 26,910,666 150,463,598 Uganda 251,981,403 298,820,832 200,000 0 0 299,020,832 Regional activities 12,689,600 4,000,000 0 0 0 4,000,000 Subtotal 1,511,348,668 1,257,058,813 6,132,019 26,489,523 104,759,936 1,394,440,290 CENTRAL AFRICA AND THE GREAT LAKES

Burundi 34,538,842 26,645,801 7,075 0 4,384,051 31,036,927 Cameroon 98,624,603 87,794,566 1,150,000 0 5,300,263 94,244,829 Central African Republic 54,619,846 21,165,254 0 15,514,818 13,277,376 49,957,448 Congo 32,000,000 27,843,957 0 0 0 27,843,957 Democratic Republic 200,081,172 110,403,335 1,948,898 29,873,246 65,779,129 208,004,607 of the Congo Regional Office2 Rwanda 101,373,285 95,510,049 0 6,031,085 0 101,541,134 United Republic of 108,912,598 101,982,021 0 10,551,051 0 112,533,072 Tanzania Subtotal 630,150,345 471,344,984 3,105,973 61,970,200 88,740,819 625,161,975

42 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update Africa

2017 2016 Current Operation budget Pillar 1 Pillar 2 Pillar 3 Pillar 4 (as of 30 Refugee Stateless Reintegration IDP Total June 2016) programme programme projects projects

SOUTHERN Africa

Angola 3,731,490 2,538,116 0 0 0 2,538,116 Botswana 3,333,215 3,076,320 0 0 0 3,076,320 Malawi 14,056,021 18,033,929 0 0 0 18,033,929 Mozambique 5,502,882 5,397,322 125,626 0 0 5,522,948 South Africa Regional 25,830,446 24,503,549 913,654 0 0 25,417,203 Office Zambia 17,460,761 13,609,910 0 0 0 13,609,910 Zimbabwe 6,434,122 6,164,241 432,094 0 0 6,596,335 Subtotal 76,348,936 73,323,387 1,471,374 0 0 74,794,760

Total 2,479,660,137 1,949,554,653 19,299,349 142,598,024 224,490,433 2,335,942,459

1 Includes activities in Benin, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone and Togo 2 Includes activities in Gabon and the Democratic Republic of the Congo

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 43 Community leaders pose for a portrait at the Augusto Alvarado Castro Community Centre in San Pedro Sula, Honduras, where many people are displaced by Working gang violence. environment

In the Americas, there are a number of important frameworks for regional and subregional cooperation to protect and respond to the needs of refugees, the internally displaced and stateless people. In addition to the longstanding Cartagena Declaration on Refugees, two recent examples are the 2014 Brazil Plan of Action (BPA) and the 2016 San José Action Statement addressing protection needs in the Northern Triangle of Central America (NTCA). These frameworks not only provide concrete measures to meet the needs of displaced and stateless people, they also establish inclusive processes for pursuing durable solutions involving civil society stakeholders. Despite complex mixed movements throughout the region, which increase the financial requirements, countries in the Americas continue to show their solidarity by offering alternative protection solutions to people of concern.

The BPA is the primary regional framework for cooperation and responsibility-sharing, with 2017 marking the first triennium since its adoption. As requested by States, UNHCR will produce a triennial report on progress, challenges and lessons learned, in close collaboration with the Global Public Policy Institute of Human Rights from Berlin, with a view to identifying priority areas for the next three years. © UNHCR/Tito Herrera

44 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update The Americas

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 45 Americas Map.pdf 3 21/10/2016 13:55:20

The Americas

The San José Action Statement was The region has experienced a notable agreed upon at the High Level Round increase in complex mixed movements in Table discussing the “Call to Action: 2016. Recent northward flows, consisting Protection Needs in the Northern mainly of Cuban and Haitian nationals, Triangle of Central America” in July 2016. have resulted in a growing number of It is the first subregional framework asylum applications. This has impacted NORTH AMERICA in the Americas to include concrete asylum space and institutional capacity AND THE CARIBBEAN commitments – by States, international to respond to the protection needs of organizations, national human rights people of concern in several countries of institutions, civil society and academia – transit and destination. In 2017, UNHCR to address migration and displacement in will continue to promote a regional and from the NTCA. UNHCR is committed approach to this essentially regional to supporting authorities in countries phenomenon, coordinating with IOM of transit and destination to strengthen and other relevant actors, and actively asylum systems and to provide participating in regional consultative opportunities for local integration, processes. alternative pathways for admission, and resettlement. The Office will also Several countries in the Americas have support authorities in countries of origin continued to demonstrate solidarity by in reinforcing national prevention and offering solutions for refugees affected C protection response mechanisms to by global and regional situations, M mitigate the effects of displacement. through increased resettlement places LATIN AMERICA and other alternative pathways for Y In an important development for the admission, including humanitarian CM region, after four years of peace talks visas. UNHCR will continue to support MY between the Government of Colombia authorities in establishing and CY and the Revolutionary Armed Forces enhancing resettlement programmes, CMY

of Colombia (FARC), a final peace including in Argentina, Brazil, Chile K agreement was signed on 26 September and Uruguay. The organization will Refugees 2016. However, the peace agreement also share successful experiences Asylum-seekers was rejected by less than one percent of and lessons learned, including with the vote in a public referendum held in respect to Canada’s private sponsorship Returnees (refugees and IDPs) early October. UNHCR has nonetheless programme. Further, the Office will Stateless people welcomed the commitments made by the support the implementation of the new parties to maintain a bilateral ceasefire, protection transfer agreement, under Internally displaced people (IDPs) to continue working to end the conflict which Costa Rica will host vulnerable Others of concern and to build a lasting peace. It will closely individuals from the NTCA while their monitor the evolving situation and asylum applications are processed by the support the Government of Colombia’s United States of America. Population of concern efforts to ensure protection and solutions as of January 2016 for IDPs and refugees. 6,000,000 3,000,000 500,000

46 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update Americas Map.pdf 3 21/10/2016 13:55:20

The Americas

Major situations

Colombia

NORTH AMERICA The Office continues to promote solutions AND THE CARIBBEAN for internally displaced people through local integration, return and relocation programmes; as well as for Colombian refugees in the region, including through local integration programmes and, when conditions permit, voluntary repatriation programmes. Although peace talks led to a bilateral ceasefire, new displacement continues both within Colombia and across borders, mainly as a result of increased violence by illegal armed groups.

Interest in voluntary repatriation among C Colombian refugees in the Republic of M LATIN AMERICA Ecuador and the Bolivarian Republic of Y Venezuela is expected to remain limited CM in the short term. Official figures from MY the Government of Ecuador indicate that CY a few hundred Colombians continue CMY to arrive in Ecuador every month. The

K socio-economic situation in the Bolivarian Refugees Republic of Venezuela is impacting the Asylum-seekers ability of people of concern to access basic services and meet their basic Returnees (refugees and IDPs) needs, such as food. Stateless people Internally displaced people (IDPs) Others of concern

Population of concern as of January 2016 6,000,000 3,000,000 500,000

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 47 The Americas

In 2017, UNHCR aims to assist the Further, in July 2016 concerned States Colombian authorities to strengthen participated in the first High Level Round their capacity to protect and provide Table on the growing phenomenon solutions for IDPs and host communities, of mixed movements, including and to implement the Victims and Land forced displacement, in and from the Restitution Law. It will work with Colombia NTCA. Convened by UNHCR and the and host countries, in particular Ecuador Organization of American States (OAS) and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, in Costa Rica, the meeting concluded to create and/or improve conditions to with the adoption of the San José Action pursue durable solutions for refugees, Statement, a comprehensive plan of including voluntary repatriation. Lastly, action to: prevent and address root UNHCR will provide technical assistance causes of displacement and migration to the Government of Colombia to in and from countries of origin; enhance strengthen national systems to protect asylum and protection responses in conflict-affected populations and prevent countries of transit and destination; and further human rights violations. foster regional cooperation.

In 2017, UNHCR aims to establish Northern Triangle of Central and strengthen mechanisms for America identification and referral of people with protection needs, including asylum- In 2015, there were almost 55,000 seekers and returnees; adequate asylum-seekers from the NTCA in reception arrangements; asylum North and Central American countries procedures; alternatives to detention; – almost twice as many as in 2014, and local integration and resettlement and more than four times the number opportunities. It will support authorities registered in 2012. Available data in countries of origin to reinforce existing shows this trend has continued in 2016, national prevention and protection with 30,900 new asylum applications response mechanisms to mitigate by NTCA nationals registered in the the effects of internal displacement, Americas region between January including welfare institutions for children and June, up some 48 per cent when and women, and ombudsperson’s compared to the same period in offices. UNHCR will strengthen the inter- 2015. In response to this increasing agency response to displacement in the protection crisis, UNHCR is scaling up subregion, including by working closely its activities, including the promotion with the United Nations Development of regional cooperation to address Group in Latin America and the emerging challenges. Caribbean (UNDG-LAC), alongside UN

48 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update The Americas

Resident Coordinators. UNHCR will also the initiative to other interested States. continue leading existing inter-agency UNHCR’s “QAI toolkit” — an online protection task forces and protection platform containing a range of tools groups in NTCA countries and Panama, and good country practices — provides along with other stakeholders including a useful reference point for the region UNICEF, UNFPA, OCHA, ICRC, IOM and and beyond. Good practices include: international NGOs. capacity building through twinning arrangements; familiarization visits by immigration authorities from countries of asylum to countries of origin; and the Regional strategy strengthening of the CONARE forum, which brings together the presidents of In 2017, UNHCR will maintain its support various national refugee commissions to Latin American and Caribbean in MERCOSUR States with a view to countries as they put into practice harmonizing asylum systems. the strong framework for regional cooperation and responsibility-sharing provided by the BPA. As the BPA enters Progressing towards its third year, UNHCR will also support solutions consultations among States and civil society that aim to reflect on progress, With the conclusion of the Transitional challenges and ways forward to enhance Solutions Initiative in Colombia in implementation. 2016, UNHCR is undertaking several evaluation exercises which will provide a basis for further fine-tuning of its Building a common asylum protection and solutions strategy and space include lessons learned to be shared with the Government. In Costa Rica and The Quality Assurance Initiative (QAI) is Ecuador, UNHCR will continue promoting the primary tool used by UNHCR in the self-reliance and the legal and socio- Americas region to support States as economic inclusion of refugees in host they seek to enhance the fairness and communities, through the scaling up efficiency of national asylum systems. of self-reliance projects such as the The Office will continue consolidating “Graduation Model”. The Office will progress made under the QAI in also support projects that enhance Argentina, the Plurinational State of the provision of documentation and Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Mexico, legal status to refugees, with a view to Panama, and Peru, as well as expanding including them in national administrative

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 49 The Americas

and development services. In the resolve existing cases of statelessness Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, for within the region will include a strong example, following a profiling exercise focus on the Caribbean; in other countries which will be finalized in early 2017, the main goal will be ongoing prevention. UNHCR will support the authorities in The Office will seek to ensure that all providing documentation to people countries are able to identify, protect and of concern to facilitate their access to eventually facilitate solutions for stateless national services and entitlements, in line people, including naturalization. with the “National human rights plan”. In Costa Rica, UNHCR will continue In Southern Cone countries, UNHCR will working with the Supreme Electoral continue supporting efforts by central and Tribunal to enhance birth registration municipal authorities to promote inclusive of Ngöbe Bugle indigenous people public policies and facilitating refugee and transnational migrant workers of integration and self-reliance through Nicaraguan origin, as part of efforts livelihood opportunities and partnerships to eradicate the risk of statelessness with the private sector. Through the in the country. The Government of “Cities of solidarity” programme, UNHCR Costa Rica has endorsed UNHCR's coordinates with municipalities to #IBelong campaign, and regulations on enhance integration opportunities for statelessness determination procedures refugees, including those who have been have recently been enacted. resettled.

As global crises continue displacing Regional cooperation unprecedented numbers of people, Strategic regional cooperation is key to resettlement needs for refugees around enhancing protection of and solutions for the world have never been higher. displaced and stateless people. In 2017, UNHCR will continue advocating for UNHCR will continue strengthening its increased resettlement opportunities, cooperation with the UNDG-LAC; regional not only with traditional resettlement and subregional mechanisms such as countries in the region like Canada and the OAS, MERCOSUR, and the Central the United States of America, but also American Integration System; multilateral with emerging resettlement States in development banks; civil society; and the Latin America. private sector. UNHCR will also enhance coordination with the various regional consultative fora on migration (the Lima Ending statelessness and Puebla processes, as well as the Latin America and the Caribbean was the recently established process for the first region to formally endorse the High Caribbean), to ensure that safeguards Commissioner’s call to end statelessness are in place to identify people in need of by 2024 through the signature of the international protection travelling as part BPA. UNHCR’s efforts to address and of mixed movements.

50 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update The Americas

Solidarity with the Northern In line with the launch in 2016 of the Triangle of Central America “Caribbean Regional Consultative in seeking and implementing Process”, Caribbean States will meet durable solutions regularly to strengthen cooperation and coordination in addressing complex UNHCR’s protection and solutions mixed movements by sea, focusing strategy for the situation in the NTCA on data sharing, exchange of best is fully aligned with, and draws on key practices, and capacity building. UNHCR elements of, the BPA. It ensures that encourages and supports such initiatives, prevention, protection and solutions with special focus on twinning and other interventions are embedded within forms of State-to-State cooperation. comprehensive efforts to address root causes of displacement, through existing national and regional strategies and taking into account the magnitude and Constraints patterns of displacement, as well as the profiles of displaced people. It aims to Increasing mixed movements in address the protection needs of three Latin America and the Caribbean are main population groups: asylum-seekers challenging the institutional response and refugees, including those in transit; capacities of asylum countries, returned people with specific needs and traditionally used to address smaller vulnerabilities; and internally displaced numbers and more homogenous types of people in countries of origin, transit and claims. The numbers of asylum-seekers asylum. There is particular focus on the from within and outside the region are specific needs of children, women, and expected to keep rising in 2017. UNHCR LGBTI populations of concern. will work with governments to ensure access to refugee status determination procedures for those seeking Regional solidarity with international protection, including through the Caribbean for a alternative case processing strategies. n comprehensive approach to international protection and durable solutions

In the Caribbean, UNHCR will continue with its strategic and innovative approach in addressing protection challenges.

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 51 The Americas

Financial information

UNHCR’s budgetary requirements in Colombia, the protection operations in Colombia, Ecuador for the region in 2017 are $145.6 environment in the region remains and the NTCA. The largest million. While the budget for the strong and dynamic. The BPA and budgetary requirements relate Americas has remained relatively the San José Action Statement, to: improvement of reception stable during the last five years, in particular, are promising conditions; improved access to requirements increased by initiatives that require appropriate quality status determination; and almost 20 per cent in 2016 due international support to assist realizing the potential for local to the growing displacement States translate their protection integration. Financial shortfalls will crisis in the NTCA and the and solutions commitments into seriously affect the support that earthquake emergency in Ecuador. practice. can be provided by the Office for Notwithstanding the security implementation of the BPA, the challenges in the NTCA and the The most significant funding needs QAI and multi-year protection and opportunities and challenges in the region are for UNHCR’s solutions strategies.

The Americas 2017 budget by rights group | USD millions

Budgets for the Americas 2008-2017 | USD millions

52 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update The Americas

BUDGETS FOR THE Americas | USD

2017 2016 Current Operation budget Pillar 1 Pillar 2 Pillar 3 Pillar 4 (as of 30 Refugee Stateless Reintegration IDP Total June 2016) programme programme projects projects

North America and the Caribbean

Canada 1,530,119 1,593,006 165,235 0 0 1,758,241 United States of America 21,535,193 14,683,831 12,155,692 0 0 26,839,523 Regional Office1 Subtotal 23,065,313 16,276,838 12,320,926 0 0 28,597,764 Latin America

Argentina Regional 4,739,876 4,649,331 125,073 0 0 4,774,405 Office2 Brazil 6,238,463 4,157,209 179,138 0 0 4,336,348 Colombia 31,433,551 971,256 0 0 26,868,265 27,839,522 Costa Rica 4,403,876 5,860,220 371,103 0 0 6,231,323 Costa Rica Regional Legal 2,772,777 3,087,730 846,399 0 0 3,934,130 Unit Ecuador 24,995,565 18,913,000 0 0 3,000,000 21,913,000 Mexico 12,429,043 17,877,287 0 0 0 17,877,287 Panama Regional Office 16,916,769 20,178,410 0 0 0 20,178,410 Venezuela (Bolivarian 9,137,293 7,901,608 0 0 0 7,901,608 Republic of) Regional activities3 2,044,001 2,059,723 0 0 0 2,059,723 Subtotal 115,111,214 85,655,776 1,521,714 0 29,868,265 117,045,756

Total 138,176,526 101,932,614 13,842,641 0 29,868,265 145,643,520

1 Includes Haiti, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, the US Virgin Islands, 12 Independent Caribbean States, three other CARICOM States, and British and Dutch overseas territories in coordination with the Europe Bureau 2 Includes activities in the Plurinational State of Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay 3 Regional activities cover entire Americas region

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 53 Working environment

The Asia and the Pacific region hosts more than 9.5 million people of concern to UNHCR, including approximately 3.7 million refugees (originating mostly from Afghanistan and Myanmar), 2.4 million IDPs and 1.6 million stateless people.

Two main situations are likely to dominate UNHCR’s operations in 2017: the likelihood that some 365,000 Afghan refugees will return to their country from Pakistan before the end of 2016; and the situation in Myanmar following the nomination of a new government, and the potential implications on internal displacement and the return of refugees. While maritime movements in 2016 were not on the same scale as those seen in 2015, with the situation in Myanmar remaining unresolved there is potential for such movements to continue in 2017. In this regard, the lack of alternative pathways for admission across the region is of great concern to UNHCR. Asia

Boys displaced by fighting in Eastern Afghanistan sit in front of a shop in their informal settlement on the outskirts of Kabul. © UNHCR/Jim Huylebroek

54 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update Asia and the Pacific

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 55 Asia and the Pacific

More than two-thirds of refugees in the Major situations region – an estimated 2.8 million people – live in urban and semi-urban areas. This requires UNHCR and partners to Afghan refugees in work with States and other actors to South-West Asia strengthen the protection of those living outside camps and ensure their access, Afghans remain one of the largest including through new or innovative protracted refugee populations of ways, to essential services. The concern to UNHCR. While more than organization will focus on four priority 2.6 million Afghan refugees have objectives: undertaking community found asylum in around 70 countries, outreach, strengthening relations with 95 per cent of them continue to be urban refugees, ensuring access to hosted in the Islamic Republics of Iran essential services, such as healthcare and Pakistan where, for almost four and education, and promoting livelihoods decades, they have benefited from and self-reliance. protection, assistance and support. Both countries also host large numbers of It is estimated that around 43 per cent undocumented Afghans – an estimated of people that fall under UNHCR’s 1.5 to 2 million in the Islamic Republic of statelessness mandate are in the Asia and Iran and 1 million in Pakistan. Moreover, Pacific region. Therefore, the prevention Afghans, including large numbers of and reduction of statelessness, and separated and unaccompanied minors, the protection of the rights of stateless continue to be one of the largest people, are key regional priorities for groups arriving in Europe. UNHCR. Considerable progress has been made on this front, particularly in Central Within Afghanistan, some 1.2 million Asia (for more details, see the chapter people remain internally displaced. on Safeguarding fundamental human Since mid-2015, the deteriorating rights). situation in the country and increased

56 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update Asia Map.pdf 2 21/10/2016 13:52:07

Asia and the Pacific

levels of violence have led to large- scale internal displacement and diminished humanitarian access. UNHCR is working with the Government CENTRAL ASIA of Afghanistan and partners to assist IDPs, support the reintegration of returning refugees, and to advocate sustained support from the international EAST ASIA AND community. THE PACIFIC SOUTH WEST Despite the complex political and ASIA SOUTH ASIA security environment in Afghanistan, there has been a surge in the return of Afghan refugees from Pakistan SOUTH EAST ASIA since July 2016. By mid-October, some 265,000 Afghan refugees had returned from Pakistan, and estimations are that some 365,000 Afghan refugees in total will return from Pakistan by the end of 2016. This trend is expected to C continue in 2017. The scope and pace M of return is likely to have an impact on Y Afghanistan’s already limited absorption CM capacity. MY

CMY Refugees K Asylum-seekers Returnees (refugees and IDPs) Stateless people Internally displaced people (IDPs) Others of concern

Population of concern as of January 2016 6,000,000 3,000,000 500,000

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 57 Asia and the Pacific

The Government of Pakistan has communities, and which will help find committed to extending the validity of innovative solutions to their problems. the proof of registration cards issued These are articulated in five key areas to refugees until the end of March of intervention: access to protection 2017 but the legal status of Afghan (legal and policy framework); access refugees beyond this date remains to basic services; youth empowerment uncertain. Consequently, UNHCR will through education, skills training and continue working closely with host livelihoods support; durable solutions governments in the region, together and advocacy; and coordination and with the Government of Afghanistan, partnership. Inside Afghanistan, the to advocate for voluntary, dignified and plan focuses on targeted assistance to phased returns. the most vulnerable people of concern and local communities. The “Solutions strategy for Afghan refugees to support voluntary repatriation, sustainable reintegration Solutions for people of and assistance to host countries” concern from Myanmar (SSAR) continues to be a relevant regional framework to seek solutions A number of significant political for the Afghan refugees living in a developments have taken place in protracted situation. However, the Myanmar over the last few years. Most evolving situation inside Afghanistan in notably among them, the signing of 2016 has hampered the attainment of a nationwide ceasefire agreement in durable solutions. In response to these 2015, followed by the installation of a developments, UNHCR developed a democratically-elected government led regional plan within the framework by the National League for Democracy of the SSAR to be implemented in April 2016. These developments throughout South-West Asia until the are expected to impact on the large end of 2017. number of refugees originating from Myanmar in the region, as well as the The regional plan presents specific hundreds of thousands of people who activities which will contribute to remain displaced inside the country. building resilience among Afghan UNHCR is working with the Government refugees, IDPs, returnees and host to address protection and other issues

58 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update Asia and the Pacific

related to people of concern. In light of The Declaration notes the importance the positive developments in Myanmar, of comprehensive, long-term solutions plans for the voluntary repatriation to address mixed migratory movements of refugees from camps in Thailand and highlights the collective and other neighboring countries were responsibility of countries in the region discussed. A strategic roadmap and to find such solutions. The Bali Process operational plans have been designed reunited many of the governments in this regard. The week of 24 October that took part in the 2015 Special saw the first pilot voluntary returns Meeting on Irregular Migration in the of Myanmar refugees from Thailand. Indian Ocean in Bangkok. Together, UNHCR will continue to work with the the progress made in Bali and Bangkok two Governments, development and provides a strong foundation for the other partners to enable the return of coordinated regional action required in refugees to Myanmar under safe and 2017 to manage mixed movements in dignified conditions. a humane way and protect refugees at sea. Irregular migratory movements in South-East Asia Regional strategy

People continue to risk their lives on Safeguarding access to dangerous boat journeys throughout protection and asylum South-East Asia and further afield. The “Bali Process Declaration on people While advocating and supporting the smuggling, trafficking in persons and establishment and improvement of asylum related transnational crime”, adopted procedures by States, UNHCR will continue in March 2016, resulted in a number promoting protection-sensitive systems of important recommendations. for the management of mixed movements These included a proposal to explore in the region. The Office will also temporary protection and local stay continue working with States and other arrangements for asylum-seekers and stakeholders to identify alternatives to refugees. the detention of asylum-seekers; ensure

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 59 Asia and the Pacific

access to protection; and establish The Office will continue working with the mechanisms for achieving solutions for newly-elected Government of Myanmar people of concern, including through to enable refugees return home under regional schemes beyond third-country safe and dignified conditions, in line resettlement, such as labour mobility with the strategic roadmap referred migration agreements. Strengthening the to above. On addressing irregular protection of refugee communities living movements by sea, the focus in 2017 will outside camps will remain a priority in remain on strengthening cooperation 2017. with states in the region, with IOM and UNODC. Consultations on the issue will continue, including in the context of Seeking durable solutions the Bali Process on People Smuggling, for protracted refugee Trafficking in Persons and Related situations Transnational Crime, as well as other regional platforms. Taking into account the realities on the ground, UNHCR will continue exploring In South Asia, resettlement of Bhutanese a comprehensive solutions package per refugees in camps in Nepal is continuing situation encompassing voluntary return, with, at present, an estimated 10,000 resettlement and local solutions, as well refugees remaining in two camps. In as temporary protection, and residence 2017, UNHCR, together with partners, or labour migration schemes. This is will continue working with the concerned especially relevant in the context of the governments to find lasting solutions for Afghan and Myanmar situations. those remaining.

Through the SSAR, UNHCR will continue UNHCR will also continue assisting to play a more instrumental role in the voluntary repatriation of Sri Lankan calling for more international attention refugees from camps in India. Returnees and support to Afghanistan and the receive repatriation and transportation neighbouring refugee hosting countries grants, core relief items and access to ensure equitable responsibility- to legal advice on housing, land and sharing. It will also promote the need to property issues. However, challenges address root causes of displacement as remain in the reintegration process, part of the comprehensive approach to including ensuring access to livelihood securing solutions. opportunities, land and documentation.

60 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update Asia and the Pacific

Ensuring protection and stateless people in the world. Addressing durable solutions for IDPs statelessness will remain a key strategic priority for the organization in 2017. In Afghanistan, UNHCR will continue Operations have received guidance to supporting IDPs with specific needs support them to plan interventions in through service provision, in-kind line with UNHCR’s “Global Action Plan and cash-based assistance, including to End Statelessness”, with a focus on for urgent medical expenses, legal strengthening national systems and assistance and to promote self-reliance. including all people of concern to The Office, in coordination with other UNHCR in national civil registration humanitarian actors, and in its capacity systems of births, marriages and as lead of the emergency shelter/non- deaths. UNHCR will also encourage food items cluster, will also provide one- the exchange of good practices in the off assistance to families newly displaced region in relation to nationality and birth by conflict. registration. Political space for asylum and protection has also been narrowing In Myanmar, as part of the inter- in some of the countries with protracted agency response and as the lead of the refugee populations. protection, shelter and camp coordination and camp management clusters, the Office will continue working with partners and the Government to protect and Constraints assist approximately 100,000 IDPs in Kachin and northern Shan States, and an Only 20 of the 45 countries and territories estimated 120,000 IDPs in Rakhine State. in the region have acceded to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol. The lack Reducing and preventing of a legal framework to anchor protection statelessness and protecting and solutions remains a challenge stateless people in the region. Continuing violence in the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan is With more than 1.6 million people in the creating an environment of increasing Asia and Pacific region falling within insecurity for UNHCR’s staff, resulting in UNHCR’s statelessness mandate, the limited humanitarian access to people of region is home to the highest number of concern. n

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 61 Asia and the Pacific Financial information

The 2017 comprehensive needs delivery of key protection and solutions the recent returnees without critical assessment budget for the Asia and activities, and requiring operations to support right when they need it most. Pacific region is $545 million. The constantly re-prioritize needs. Inadequate funding could adversely financial requirements for South- impact key programmes focusing on West Asia - comprising operations in In 2016, UNHCR found itself critically education and youth empowerment, the Islamic Republics of Afghanistan, short of the funding needed for which are essential to preventing the Iran and Pakistan - represent around repatriation grants to refugee marginalization of youth, as young 66 per cent of the total regional returnees, and was obliged to people represent almost two thirds of budget. Financial requirements for reallocate and reprioritize resources the Afghan refugee population. the Myanmar operation represent within Afghanistan and from other approximately 9 per cent of the operations. The danger for 2017 is Shortfalls in funding have also resulted budget, while the remaining 25 per that, unless further resources are in UNHCR’s diminished presence cent is shared among three regional made available in a timely manner, in certain parts of the region, and a and 17 country operations. provision of repatriation cash grants prioritization of resources is likely will come under severe strain, with to reduce the number of UNHCR While the budget level for the region concomitant risks to operations. staff across Asia and the Pacific. If has remained fairly steady, earmarked the funding levels continue to fall funding has declined, from $260 Funding shortages for the Afghan as predicted, this will put serious million in 2013 to $207 million in 2015. situation in 2017 could further pressure on the organization’s ability Consequentially, operations in the Asia exacerbate the precarious situation to maintain an effective presence and and Pacific region suffer from funding of Afghan refugees in the region and, interventions. shortages, resulting in constraints in the for example, risk leaving many of

Asia and the Pacific 2017 budget by rights group | USD millions

Budgets for Asia and the Pacific 2008-2017 | USD millions

62 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update Asia and the Pacific

BudgetS FOR Asia and THE Pacific | USD

2017 2016 Current Operation budget Pillar 1 Pillar 2 Pillar 3 Pillar 4 (as of 30 Refugee Stateless Reintegration IDP Total June 2016) programme programme projects projects

SOUTH-WEST ASIA

Afghanistan 137,733,865 87,966,470 0 39,813,250 9,953,878 137,733,598 Iran, Islamic Republic of 70,663,243 97,246,544 0 0 0 97,246,544 Pakistan 127,352,356 63,723,623 235,000 59,053,714 4,060,864 127,073,202 Subtotal 335,749,464 248,936,638 235,000 98,866,964 14,014,742 362,053,343 CENTRAL ASIA

Kazakhstan Regional 7,485,827 4,288,567 1,308,424 0 0 5,596,991 Office1 Kyrgyzstan 2,876,272 699,437 309,045 0 0 1,008,483 Tajikistan 4,067,141 1,577,403 770,329 0 0 2,347,732 Turkmenistan 249,214 0 0 0 0 0 Subtotal 14,678,453 6,565,408 2,387,798 0 0 8,953,206 SOUTH ASIA

India 15,061,846 15,742,000 72,436 0 0 15,814,436 Nepal 9,691,325 7,421,663 488,468 0 0 7,910,131 Sri Lanka 6,382,919 5,559,273 60,166 0 0 5,619,439 Subtotal 31,136,090 28,722,936 621,070 0 0 29,344,006 SOUTH-EAST ASIA

Bangladesh 13,667,947 13,751,629 14,216 0 0 13,765,846 Indonesia 7,376,180 7,173,894 26,500 0 0 7,200,394 Malaysia 19,872,522 18,009,477 516,111 0 0 18,525,588 Myanmar 56,047,915 22,282,485 3,368,718 0 23,675,472 49,326,676 Philippines 4,970,567 578,338 751,474 0 1,346,505 2,676,318 Thailand 30,690,639 32,617,574 1,174,516 0 0 33,792,090 Thailand Regional Office2 7,115,827 6,369,912 653,940 0 0 7,023,852 Subtotal 139,741,598 100,783,309 6,505,476 0 25,021,978 132,310,763 EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC

Australia Regional Office3 1,980,000 2,679,999 0 0 0 2,679,999 China Regional Office 4,766,286 2,955,086 240,000 0 0 3,195,086 Japan 3,300,000 3,396,541 64,927 0 0 3,461,469 Republic of Korea 1,700,000 1,617,012 102,988 0 0 1,720,000 Regional activities 444,000 1,190,299 0 0 0 1,190,299 Subtotal 12,190,285 11,838,937 407,915 0 0 12,246,852

Total 533,495,890 396,847,226 10,157,260 98,866,964 39,036,719 544,908,170

1 Includes activities in Uzbekistan 2 Includes activities in Cambodia, Mongolia and Viet Nam 3 Includes activities in New Zealand, the Pacific Island Countries and Papua New Guinea

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 63 Working environment

The operating environment in 2017 will remain challenging as the impact of ongoing conflicts in Afghanistan, Iraq, the Syrian Arab Republic (Syria) and Ukraine continue to resonate throughout Europe.

Large numbers of people continue to risk their lives crossing the Mediterranean Sea in search of safety and protection in Europe. Between January and June 2016, 38 countries in Europe had received nearly 625,000 asylum applications, a 22 per cent increase compared to the same period in 2015, with applicants originating mainly from Syria (216,900), Afghanistan (128,000) and Iraq (94,300). Against this background, significant challenges persist in providing protection and securing solutions for people of concern to UNHCR in the region, including increasing restrictions on access to territory; a lack of appropriate reception conditions, particularly for people with specific needs, including unaccompanied and separated children; and inadequate asylum procedures. It is against this background that the European Commission announced a series of proposals in May, June and July 2016 aimed at amending the current Common European Asylum System (CEAS), including the reform of FRONTEX and the European Asylum Support Office (EASO). © UNHCR/Achilleas Zavallis

64 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update Europe

Syrian refugees drink tea and check their phones next to their tents inside a warehouse at the Vasilika camp, northern Greece, which opened in May 2016.

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 65 Europe

UNHCR will continue to strengthen its UNHCR’s regional strategy for 2017 cooperation with governments, European focuses on protecting and assisting a Union (EU) institutions and agencies, more stabilized population and remains civil society and affected communities in line with the Refugee and Migration in order to address these challenges Response Plan and the Refugee and will encourage reforms of the CEAS Coordination Model (see Glossary). based on the lessons learned during the UNHCR will continue to promote a refugee crisis in 2015 and 2016. coordinated response in addressing the humanitarian and protection needs Turkey remains host to the largest of people of concern, including by number of refugees under UNHCR’s supporting the efforts of governments to mandate worldwide, with more than meet their obligations under international 2.7 million Syrian refugees as of and regional law. October 2016. The ongoing conflict in Ukraine continues to cause large-scale In Greece, the Office will continue displacement, with more than 1.7 million to focus on strengthening reception people internally displaced, according conditions and some site management, to Government registration figures. supporting temporary accommodation Freedom of movement and access to facilities, identifying and assisting affected populations continues to be of people with specific needs, as well concern to the Office. Some 1.4 million as providing humanitarian assistance. Ukrainians have sought asylum or other In particular, efforts are underway forms of legal stay in neighbouring to ensure that people with specific countries since the conflict began, the needs, including unaccompanied and majority in the Russian Federation. separated children, survivors of SGBV and people with mental and physical disabilities, are referred to appropriate services. UNHCR will also continue to Major situations support the Greek Asylum Service to ensure people of concern are able to Europe refugee situation register their intent to seek asylum, and have access to timely, fair, and efficient While the number of arrivals to Greece asylum proceedings, irrespective of their so far in 2016 is lower than for the same nationality. period in 2015, the number of people arriving in Italy remains consistent with As Turkey transits from a refugee that of 2015. The number of applications emergency to a protracted situation, for asylum in the region increased in UNHCR will increase its support to the 2016, with Germany receiving by far the improvement of the living conditions of most applications. There are still people all people of concern. As over 90% of of concern, who see themselves as being the refugees live outside of the camps, in transit, in countries in the Western UNHCR will continue focusing on Balkans. The majority are concentrated supporting the most vulnerable urban in Serbia where more than 6,000 asylum refugees with a three-pillar strategy seekers and migrants are accommodated comprising education, livelihoods and in various type of government facilities access to social welfare. across the country.

66 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update Europe Map.pdf 5 21/10/2016 13:52:55

Europe

Refugees Asylum-seekers Population of concern Returnees (refugees and IDPs) as of January 2016 6,000,000 Stateless people 3,000,000 Internally displaced people (IDPs) 500,000 C Others of concern

M EASTERN EUROPE Y

CY NORTHERN, WESTERN, CENTRAL CMY AND SOUTHERN EUROPE

SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE

Conflict in Ukraine Regional strategy

UNHCR will continue to closely monitor UNHCR’s Regional Bureau for Europe and report on the protection situation covers 46 countries and works with of some 1.7 million registered IDPs in a range of regional organizations, Ukraine, as well as those who have including the European Union and its sought asylum or other forms of legal stay agencies, the Council of Europe and in neighbouring countries. The Office will the Organization for Security and Co- maintain its lead in coordinating shelter operation in Europe. In 2017, UNHCR and NFI material assistance to IDPs, will continue to support governments in informed by protection needs, and keep maintaining protection regimes which are up its advocacy in favour of ensuring compliant with international standards, freedom of movement across the line of advocating for the rights of asylum- contact and access to social assistance seekers, refugees and stateless people for IDPs. while maintaining a robust emergency response. The response will be focused UNHCR will continue to monitor the around providing technical and functional situation of Ukrainian refugees in support to government authorities, and neighbouring countries and may pursue builds capacity, including providing life- limited assistance when and if required. saving assistance.

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 67 Europe

Safeguarding asylum space while working with governments to build and providing appropriate reception capacity. reception conditions The Office will support ongoing UNHCR will continue to focus on government efforts across the region safeguarding asylum space and ensuring to strengthen asylum systems and access to territory and acceptable ensure access to territory and asylum reception conditions. The Office will procedures, including non-penalization support government authorities to for irregular entry to a country; enhanced conduct registration, in order to ensure quality and efficiency of procedures, assistance and referrals to relevant with particular focus on asylum claims by services to address the specific needs of children; and facilitating integration. people of concern.

UNHCR will reinforce advocacy efforts Building and maintaining fair related to enhancing the use of Dublin III and effective asylum and family reunion and discretionary clauses. protection systems UNHCR will focus on strengthening registration procedures, improving UNHCR will engage in advocacy with the reception conditions, providing better EU institutions regarding the European counselling, as well as supporting Commission’s proposal for a reform of government efforts to facilitate the CEAS, in line with its vision for a integration, with a view to encouraging truly common and harmonized regional people of concern to apply for asylum asylum system. This system should in the first country of arrival, rather than ensure effective, fair and harmonized undertaking potentially dangerous identification, registration, screening, secondary movements frequently adequate reception and effective facilitated by smuggling groups. Offices possibilities for integration in Member will also reinforce efforts related to Dublin States under fair responsibility sharing III discretionary and family reunification mechanisms which respect the principles clauses. UNHCR will provide technical of the best interest of the child and family expertise and training, and coordinate unity. with authorities and partners, in order to reduce SGBV and protection risks in The Office will continue protection reception centres and to ensure effective monitoring in 2017 and the child and protection for unaccompanied and family support hubs (“blue dot”) will separated children. In Italy, UNHCR will be expanded in Italy and Greece continue supporting the Government to to ensure effective protection and strengthen emergency preparedness in referrals of vulnerable individuals, the event of a larger influx. in particular unaccompanied and separated children, SGBV survivors In the Balkans, UNHCR will continue to and people with disabilities. In addition, monitor the situation to prevent people communication with communities will be of concern from being exposed to abuse strengthened through targeted outreach and violence at the hands of smugglers activities. UNHCR’s commitment to child and criminal organizations as they protection will also be strengthened in move irregularly in Central Europe, and response to the significant number of continue advocating for access to asylum unaccompanied and separated children and standardized registration processes, and to ensure that the principle of the

68 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update Europe

best interest of the child is applied the Western Balkans were focused across the region. on a single objective; to facilitate the quick transit of people to neighbouring Given the large influx of asylum-seekers countries. The few asylum-seekers who has placed existing systems under remain in these countries experience strain and created backlogs in asylum every day the lack of effective asylum systems throughout the region, UNHCR systems. Without the renewed and will increase its support to national dedicated support of key stakeholders authorities in the management of quality in the EU, UNHCR alone with its partners asylum systems. will not be able to convince these States to take seriously their obligations to In the Northern Europe subregion, build asylum systems, and the region will UNHCR’s priorities will remain on ensuring remain a transit spot where trafficking access to territory and asylum procedures activities flourish. including non-penalization for irregular entry; enhanced quality and efficiency of asylum procedures with particular Securing durable solutions focus on child asylum claims; facilitation UNHCR will continue to advocate for of integration, and ending statelessness. predictable pathways for admission Strategic litigation and public information to Europe. As of August 2016, 25 will be strengthened to prevent a further European countries had made over tightening of law and policy. 110,200 places available for resettlement and other pathways for the admission UNHCR will support the second phase of Syrian refugees out of a total of of the Quality Initiative in Eastern approximately 221,800 places pledged Europe and the Southern Caucasus globally (more details on Resettlement (QIEE) in 2015-2017 to strengthen the and Other Admission Pathways for quality of asylum systems including Syrian Refugees are available at RSD procedures. A regional protection http://www.unhcr.org/573dc82d4. support hub located in Tbilisi, Georgia html). Negotiations to adopt standard will provide expertise and advice on a operating procedures for the “Voluntary range of protection issues, including RSD humanitarian admission scheme” from and resettlement to all the countries in Turkey for people displaced by the Syrian the subregion. conflict are ongoing. The European Commission launched an Action Plan on A key priority for UNHCR in the Western the integration of third-country nationals Balkans region over the last three which could form the basis for improved years has been to assist States build integration outcomes for people of fair and efficient asylum systems, not concern. just through the enactment of laws or other normative frameworks to satisfy Given the growing number of people in EU-enlargement or visa liberalization need of resettlement globally, increased benchmarks, but in practice. This will opportunities for resettlement and other remain a key priority in and beyond 2017. pathways for admission to Europe are The large scale movement of refugees, urgently needed. Despite the adoption asylum-seekers and migrants in 2015 of the “Conclusions on resettlement” by revealed significant weaknesses and the Council of the European Union in July gaps in the capacity of affected States 2015 for more than 22,500 individuals, to manage basic processes. States in the European Union-Turkey Statement

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 69 Europe

led to some countries initially dedicating Preventing and resolving their quotas to Syrians in Turkey. The statelessness implementation of relocations has been disappointing, with just 4 per cent of the With some 600,000 stateless people 160,000 available places from Greece estimated to be living in Europe, and a and Italy filled by October 2016. small but growing number of stateless asylum-seekers, UNHCR will continue UNHCR will therefore continue to its efforts to eradicate statelessness in advocate for predictable and credible line with the #IBelong campaign (see the pathways of admission to Europe that are chapter on Safeguarding fundamental responsive to all refugee populations, and human rights). UNHCR will also support will seek to engage with civil society and an increasing number of governments the private sector, including businesses, to in Europe to establish and strengthen explore ways of facilitating integration. procedures to adequately identify and protect stateless people by providing UNHCR will support arrangements technical support, and promoting good towards enhancing family reunification, practices. Ongoing advocacy and as it facilitates integration and provides engagement with governments, local an effective possibility for women authorities, civil society and affected and children to have safe access to communities in South-Eastern Europe has protection in Europe. UNHCR will contributed to a gradual reduction in the continue advocating for EU Member number of people at risk of statelessness States to extend eligibility for family and an improved understanding of the reunification needs beyond spouses existing obstacles, notably in relation to and minor unmarried children as well as civil registration. for refugees and beneficiaries of other forms of protection (such as subsidiary UNHCR will further support the protection) to enjoy equal rights of family European Network on Statelessness on reunification. its initiatives throughout the continent, notably its work on stateless people The Office will continue working to in detention and its #StatelessKids responsibly disengage from providing campaign, focusing on the remaining direct assistance to people displaced in gaps in law and practice to adequately South-Eastern Europe by the conflicts in address statelessness among children. the Balkans during the 1990s. UNHCR Building on the EU’s first ever Council is supporting governments in the Conclusions on statelessness, adopted region to assume full responsibility for in December 2015, UNHCR will continue securing durable solutions for those in to advocate for the engagement of need beyond 2017, and will continue the EU in addressing statelessness, to engage strategically at a policy level notably through the European Migration regionally and nationally. UNHCR will Network. work to mobilize development actors and potential donors in situations where governments and institutions are likely to require support after 2017.

70 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update Europe

Strengthening UNHCR’s and responsibility-sharing in line with their external relations and international obligations, and have failed to mobilizing support for the respond to the increased number of people work of the Office worldwide arriving at Europe’s southern borders. and for people of concern The response of many countries does A central feature of UNHCR’s response to not sufficiently reflect the gravity of the the Mediterranean emergency situation situation, with mechanisms to support is the strengthening of partnerships frontline reception countries slow to with multiple stakeholders, including materialize and the introduction of governments, regional institutions, increasingly restrictive measures by United Nations agencies, civil society and several countries, including on family NGOs. The Office, working together with reunification. UNHCR is particularly partners and affected States, focuses concerned about the reliance on national on raising awareness of the situation of security concerns, in some Eastern people in need of international protection European countries, as grounds to reject arriving in Europe, particularly those with asylum applications and limit access to specific needs. This requires increased territory and asylum procedures; the advocacy in calling for a coordinated functioning of asylum systems being and comprehensive response in Europe constrained by political priorities and to address the situation, and in urging sensitivities; and limited integration an approach based on solidarity and opportunities. responsibility-sharing among States. In addition to these, restrictions to access asylum, reliance on humanitarian rather than refugee status, non-protection Constraints sensitive border management practices, and the detention of asylum-seekers, Despite the diverse political traditions including asylum-seeking children, are a and differing asylum systems in European few of the other constraints encountered in countries, UNHCR is concerned by the region. increasing xenophobic public debates in several countries across the region which Despite improvements in Ukraine, have also contributed to a challenging limitations on freedom of movement working environment. The CEAS, along and restrictions on access will continue with European Union Member States, have to hamper the work of humanitarian failed to demonstrate sufficient solidarity organizations. n

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 71 Europe

Financial information

The 2016 original budget approved million to its current level, due to the 14 per cent. In view of the scale and by the Executive Committee in impact of the Syria, Iraq and Ukraine complexity of the influx, the UNHCR October 2015 was $516.9 million, situations. For South-Eastern operation in Greece, previously with the current budget reaching Europe, the budget is $60.9 million. under the purview of the Regional $875.2 million by 30 June 2016, an Taking into consideration the latest Office in Rome, started being increase of approximately $358.3 developments in the region and a managed independently. million, or 69 per cent. This is reduction in the number of arrivals inclusive of the supplementary since March 2016, the estimated As the situation remains difficult to budget of $344.0 million, which was requirements for 2017 represent predict, UNHCR has made efforts established to address unforeseen a decrease of $8 million, or nearly to keep requirements to a minimum needs associated with the crisis in 12 per cent, compared to 2016. A in 2017, while taking into account Europe and of internal transfers for progressive downsizing of UNHCR’s the ongoing requirements of its cost-shared activities, for a total of engagement with the protracted operations in Greece. In 2017, the $14.3 million. refugee and IDP caseloads in the objectives with the highest budgetary Western Balkans will continue. allocations will be the provision of The 2017 budget is $891.7 million, sufficient basic and domestic items around $16.4 million, or 2 per cent, The requirements for Northern, ($250.4 million), the continued more than the 2016 current budget. Western, Central and Southern improvement of reception conditions At the subregional level, the 2017 Europe in 2017 total $334.8 million, ($175.6 million) and the establishment proposed budget for Eastern of which 73 per cent ($245.9 million) of adequate shelter and infrastructure Europe is $496 million, which is is allocated to Greece. When ($56.2 million). A lack of funding $77.8 million, or 19 per cent, more compared to the 2016 current would have a negative impact on than the 2016 current budget. budget, the estimated requirements these objectives which not only aim Eastern Europe is the subregion for the Northern, Western, Central to provide assistance but are also part that has seen the largest budget and Southern Europe subregion of integration efforts led by UNHCR increase since 2011, from $80.3 for 2017 have been reduced by and partners in affected countries.

Europe 2017 budget by rights group | USD millions

72 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update Europe BUDGETS FOR Europe | USD

2017 2016 Current Operation budget Pillar 1 Pillar 2 Pillar 3 Pillar 4 (as of 30 Refugee Stateless Reintegration IDP Total June 2016) programme programme projects projects

EASTERN EUROPE

Belarus 2,358,913 1,298,975 42,265 0 0 1,341,240 Georgia Regional Office1 22,083,342 11,516,345 791,212 0 4,320,429 16,627,987 Russian Federation 5,524,867 5,227,423 556,359 0 0 5,783,781 Turkey 345,923,226 434,601,089 2,790 0 0 434,603,879 Ukraine Regional Office 42,340,424 6,757,353 664,641 0 30,231,018 37,653,012 Subtotal 418,230,773 459,401,185 2,057,267 0 34,551,447 496,009,900 SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE

Bosnia and Herzegovina 68,854,689 35,978,782 3,291,115 3,787,869 17,820,348 60,878,115 Regional Office2 Subtotal 68,854,689 35,978,782 3,291,115 3,787,869 17,820,348 60,878,115 Northern, Western, Central and Southern Europe

Belgium Regional Office3 18,913,501 16,811,110 858,969 0 0 17,670,079 Greece 286,762,611 245,838,409 27,856 0 0 245,866,265 Hungary Regional Office4 19,989,143 16,373,410 562,645 772,510 0 17,708,565 Italy Regional Office5 18,217,228 20,043,039 215,021 0 0 20,258,060 Sweden Regional Office6 5,031,627 3,918,624 650,851 0 0 4,569,475 Regional activities 39,242,935 28,274,389 428,504 0 0 28,702,893 Subtotal 388,157,044 331,258,980 2,743,846 772,510 0 334,775,337

Total 875,242,505 826,638,948 8,092,228 4,560,380 52,371,795 891,663,351

1 Armenia and Azerbaijan are reported under Georgia Regional Office as from 2016 2 As from 2015, Albania, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Serbia (including Kosovo (S/RES/1244 (1999)) and Montenegro are reported under the Bosnia and Herzegovina Regional Office 3 Includes activities in Austria, France, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, the Liaison Office in Switzerland and the United Kingdom 4 includes activities in Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia and as from 2016 also includes Moldova 5 Includes activities in Albania, Cyprus, Malta and Spain 6 Includes activities in Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, and Norway

Budgets for Europe 2008-2017 | USD millions

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 73 Working Middle environment

The situation in the Middle East and North Africa region remains complex and volatile, with multiple conflicts triggering massive levels of displacement. Safe, East unimpeded and sustained humanitarian access remains challenging across the region, hampering the ability of UNHCR and its partners to deliver life-saving assistance, while political solutions to the conflicts remain elusive.

Syrians continued to be the largest refugee population under UNHCR’s North mandate. While countries neighbouring Syria remain at the forefront of the crisis, hosting a large majority of this population, their generosity has put increasing strain on national infrastructure, making it increasingly difficult for refugees to Africa access basic services. Consequently, the number of Syrians seeking refuge beyond the Middle East and North Africa region has risen. Instability and displacement also continue in Iraq, Libya and Yemen.

Over the past year, refugees and asylum- seekers continued to travel within large- scale mixed movements, undertaking dangerous sea travel in order to reach Europe. The number of refugees and migrants using the Eastern Mediterranean route from Turkey to Greece decreased following the implementation of the EU-Turkey statement of 18 March 2016. The Central Mediterranean route from North Africa to Italy is now the main passage across the Mediterranean Sea to Europe, with 90 per cent of sea arrivals to Italy departing from Libya. These trends are in line with 2015. By October 2016, some 145,000 people had arrived in Italy by sea, the majority of them from sub-Saharan Africa and the Horn of Africa, along with small numbers of Syrians, Iraqis and Afghans. © UNHCR/Charlie Dunmore

74 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update Syrian girls in Zaatari refugee camp, Jordan having an animated discussion during a meeting of TIGER (These Middle Inspiring Girls Enjoy Reading). East and North Africa

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 75 Middle East and North Africa

Major operations more than 52 per cent living in extreme poverty. In Jordan, 90 per cent of the 513,000 registered Syrian refugees living Syria situation in urban areas are below the national poverty line. Together with UNDP, The Syrian crisis has continued to take UNHCR continues to lead the Regional a severe toll on the Middle East and Refugee and Resilience Plan (3RP), a North Africa region, with 6.1 million IDPs coordinated response by more than and over 4.8 million refugees in the 200 partners in support of the national neighbouring countries of Egypt, Iraq, response plans of the five main refugee- Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey. Intense hosting countries (Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, fighting in northern Syria has displaced Lebanon and Turkey). over 400,000 people since February 2016. The humanitarian situation in the city of Aleppo and its surroundings Iraq situation has severely deteriorated, with some 275,000 people in the eastern part Since January 2014, the escalating of the city in need of assistance and violence in Iraq has led to the internal facing restrictions on their movement. displacement of more than 3.3 million Water, shelter, food and health care people. Humanitarian partners estimate remain the highest humanitarian that more than 10 million Iraqis currently priorities. Overall, safe, unimpeded and require some form of humanitarian sustained humanitarian access in the assistance. While Turkey continues to country remains challenging, with an host more than half of the over 230,000 estimated 13.5 million people in need registered Iraqi refugees in the region, of humanitarian assistance, including 2016 has seen hundreds of thousands 5.47 million in besieged and hard-to- of Iraqis take to the sea in an attempt reach areas. to reach safety in Europe. Returns continue to be hampered by widespread Despite the generosity of host destruction of infrastructure and the governments and communities, refugees presence of mines and unexploded in neighbouring countries continue to ordnance. Anticipating large-scale face difficulty in accessing services. Many displacement from Mosul, UNHCR’s have exhausted their savings and are emergency response will focus on the sinking further into poverty. In Lebanon, establishment of new camps, upgrading 70 per cent of refugee households existing camps, and increasing the currently live below the poverty line, with capacity for protection interventions.

76 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update MENA Map.pdf 1 21/10/2016 13:42:48

MENA Map.pdf 1 21/10/2016 13:42:48

NORTH AFRICA

Y THE MIDDLE EAST

CMY Middle East and North Africa

K Refugees Population of concern as of January 2016 NORTH AFRICA Asylum-seekers 6,000,000 C Returnees (refugees and IDPs) 3,000,000 M Stateless people Y THE MIDDLE EAST 500,000

CM Internally displaced people (IDPs)

MY Others of concern

CMY

K Refugees Population of concern as of January 2016 Asylum-seekers 6,000,000 Returnees (refugees and IDPs) 3,000,000 Stateless people NORTH AFRICA 500,000 InternallyC displaced people (IDPs)

M Others of concern Y THE MIDDLE EAST

CMY

K Refugees Libya Population of concern Yemen as of January 2016 Asylum-seekers 6,000,000 ReturneesAn estimated (refugees 82 per and cent IDPs) of the 27 million The conflict in Libya continues to have people residing in Yemen are in need severe consequences for people 3,000,000 Stateless people of humanitarian assistance, including of concern to UNHCR, with some 500,000 Internally2.2 million displaced IDPs and people almost (IDPs) 950,000 350,000 IDPs, 300,000 returnees and IDP returnees. Around 3 million Yemenis an estimated 100,000 refugees and Othersare inof need concern of immediate life-saving asylum-seekers in need of protection assistance. Moreover, Yemen continues and humanitarian assistance. However, to host nearly 280,000 registered international staff for UNHCR’s refugees and asylum-seekers, mainly programmes in Libya are still based in from Somalia. A cessation of hostilities Tunis since their evacuation from Libya in in April 2016 allowed humanitarian 2014. While access remains challenging, actors to assist previously unreachable UNHCR will continue providing life- civilian populations by distributing CRIs saving assistance to the most vulnerable and emergency shelter kits; however, refugees and asylum-seekers through overall insecurity and the resumption partners and national staff in Benghazi of hostilities continues to impede and Tripoli. The Office also monitors humanitarian delivery. UNHCR is working the situation at the border, updating its to support national authorities to provide contingency plan accordingly. life-saving protection and assistance to refugees, covering legal services, RSD, detention monitoring and resettlement activities.

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 77 Middle East and North Africa

Regional strategy Strengthening refugee protection in mixed migration movements Maintaining protection space UNHCR, in collaboration with partners, will continue promoting a comprehensive UNHCR’s strategy in 2017 will focus human rights-based approach to mixed on maintaining protection space for all migratory movements, centred on four refugees in host countries in the Middle objectives: preventing refoulement; East and North Africa, including by improving access to territory and to ensuring that refugees are protected asylum; empowering refugees to make against refoulement and that people informed decisions; and enhancing of concern to UNHCR have access to protection space, including the quality basic services. To reduce the strain of stay arrangements and access to on countries hosting Syrian refugees, protection. the Office will continue to coordinate and implement the 3RP alongside host governments and humanitarian Emergency response partners, and will aim to expand the UNHCR will maintain up to date engagement of development actors in contingency plans to allow for swift supporting host communities. UNHCR and coordinated responses for new will continue conducting individual and deteriorating situations. In Libya’s biometric registration for those in need neighbouring countries, UNHCR will of international protection while also coordinate with host governments investing in the capacity of refugees and to ensure that people in need of communities as agents of community- international protection can reach safety, based protection. taking into consideration both protection and security concerns in a mixed migration environment. It is envisaged Supporting the development that emergency humanitarian support of national asylum systems for Yemen will be maintained, alongside continuing support for emergency UNHCR will continue working with operations in Iraq and Syria. several countries in North Africa to establish national asylum laws and procedures, providing governments with technical advice on related legislative matters.

78 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update Middle East and North Africa

Providing safety from the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, violence and exploitation and the League of Arab States. Strategic partnerships will be strengthened with UNHCR will continue implementing its the private sector, local and regional strategies for the protection of children, media outlets, and academic institutions and the prevention of and response in the region to mobilize public support to SGBV. Responding to the need for and inform public debates. longer-term care arrangements and durable solutions for unaccompanied and separated children, addressing child Preventing and ending labour, and improving children’s access statelessness to safe learning environments is crucial, as is the achievement of active and equal Interventions aimed at addressing participation of women in leadership statelessness, including through the and management structures, as well as implementation of the regional multi- equal access to livelihood opportunities. sectoral strategy which is designed to The Office will work with authorities support the “Global action plan to end to strengthen national protection statelessness” will continue receiving mechanisms, including by reinforcing high priority. This will include working communication with communities and with governments to increase birth supporting those with specific needs. registration for refugees and IDPs, and providing guidance on nationality laws. Durable solutions With resettlement needs continuing to rise globally in light of the increasing Constraints numbers of refugees and growing vulnerabilities, UNHCR will continue Across the Middle East and North Africa, advocating for increased resettlement volatile and insecure environments will be capacity, while at the same time the operational norm. In several of them— advocating other pathways for admission, including Libya, Syria, and Yemen— including humanitarian visas, community- UNHCR faces difficulties in reaching and based private sponsorships, labour assisting displaced populations, as well mobility schemes and family reunification, as in maintaining the high level of funding including for extended family members. required to respond to the region’s needs. Staff and people of concern are living in increasingly insecure conditions. Strengthening partnerships State asylum policies, in response to UNHCR will work to further strengthen its the context, are growing more and partnerships with emerging civil society more restrictive, dominated by security institutions and NGO networks, as well concerns, leading more people to travel as with the Gulf Cooperation Council, as part of mixed movements on risky and perilous journeys. n

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 79 Middle East and North Africa

Financial information

The continued deterioration of funding gaps will continue having 68 per cent and 82 per cent for the the humanitarian situation in the a significant impact on lesser- Syrian and non-Syrian populations, region has led to a massive surge in known crises. Programmes respectively. In real terms, 7,000 humanitarian and protection needs. for the Sahrawi refugees, for non-Syrian families in Jordan Reflecting this, UNHCR's budget in example, in the camps near were identified as vulnerable and 2016 for the Middle East and North Tindouf, Algeria face persistent eligible for assistance, however, Africa region reached $2.1 billion, funding shortfalls. In Egypt there only 2,400 families were provided three times what it was five years are more than 60,000 urban with it. In Iraq, only 10 per cent of ago. The proposed budget for 2017 refugees also severely affected vulnerable families were able to stands at $2.17 billion, a net increase by chronic funding shortfalls and receive one-time cash assistance, of $74.6 million, or approximately massive inflation that erodes the and 63 per cent of assessed needs 4 per cent, when compared to the value of UNHCR’s cash assistance in the shelter sector are unmet. 2016 current budget. Approximately programmes. A similar trend has In Lebanon, health care assistance 88 per cent of the total increase in developed in Mbera Camp in is prioritized to meet primary health 2017 is in the Middle East subregion, Mauritania where some 50,000 care needs, with secondary health reflecting an increase of some Malian refugees have remained care reserved for those in need of $65.5 million, or 3 per cent, as since 2012, and where funding gaps emergency life-saving care only. compared to the 2016 current budget. have led to shortages in the shelter, This means that many thousands In the North Africa subregion, there is water and education sectors. of refugees in need of longer- an overall increase of approximately term care simply do not receive $9 million, or 5 per cent, for 2017 Shortfalls remain even in the most it. Income support is reserved for when compared to the 2016 current publicized emergencies in the only the extremely vulnerable. budget. region, despite them receiving The rising number of IDPs in Syria most of the region’s funding. is amplifying the gap between With the majority of funding The unmet needs under cash identified needs and available reserved for emergency situations, assistance were calculated at assistance.

Middle East and North Africa 2017 budget by rights group | USD millions

80 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update Middle East and North Africa BUDGETs FOR THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA | USD

2017 2016 Current Operation budget Pillar 1 Pillar 2 Pillar 3 Pillar 4 (as of 30 Refugee Stateless Reintegration IDP Total June 2016) programme programme projects projects

MIDDLE EAST

Iraq 562,945,954 137,531,146 623,739 0 418,938,876 557,093,761 Israel 3,079,904 3,669,782 0 0 0 3,669,782 Jordan 318,803,538 321,355,004 0 0 0 321,355,004 Lebanon 463,421,995 534,122,072 606,298 0 0 534,728,370 Saudi Arabia Regional 4,486,936 4,958,487 175,288 0 0 5,133,775 Office1 Syrian Regional Refugee 55,281,275 18,124,373 0 0 30,079,617 48,203,990 Coordination Office Syrian Arab Republic 353,462,237 48,799,999 211,000 0 303,989,069 353,000,068 United Arab Emirates 2,761,923 3,618,979 0 0 0 3,618,979 Yemen 124,063,058 49,245,685 0 0 50,323,542 99,569,228 Regional activities 33,018,892 60,500,000 0 0 0 60,500,000 Subtotal 1,921,325,712 1,181,925,528 1,616,325 0 803,331,105 1,986,872,958 North Africa

Algeria 28,964,766 35,784,755 0 0 0 35,784,755 Egypt Regional Office 83,187,895 79,251,293 0 0 0 79,251,293 Libya 21,765,039 24,552,689 0 0 2,958,777 27,511,466 Mauritania 19,432,361 19,090,331 0 0 0 19,090,331 Morocco 5,880,726 6,034,300 0 0 0 6,034,300 Tunisia 5,900,784 5,498,915 0 0 0 5,498,915 Western Sahara: 7,519,239 7,701,761 0 0 0 7,701,761 Confidence Building Measures Regional activities 2,201,095 3,000,000 0 0 0 3,000,000 Subtotal 174,851,905 180,914,044 0 0 2,958,777 183,872,821

Total 2,096,177,616 1,362,839,573 1,616,325 0 806,289,882 2,170,745,779

1 Includes activities in Kuwait

Budgets for the Middle East and North Africa 2008-2017 | USD millions

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 81 Operational support and management

Emergency aid supplies for South Sudanese refugees arrive in Uganda. © UNHCR/Jiro Ose (including results-based management) UNHCR’s Headquarters staff, located in • Oversight (inspection, evaluation, Geneva, Budapest, Copenhagen and investigation and audit) other regional capitals, work to ensure that • Coordinating and directing the Office carries out its mandate in an communications and external relations effective, coherent and transparent manner. • Supporting inter-agency relations and strategic partnerships Throughout 2017, Headquarters’ • Ensuring organization-wide emergency, divisions and bureaux will continue security and supply management. to provide leadership and support for field operations, including through their In addition to its country and regional responsibilities for the following key operations, UNHCR undertakes a range functions: of projects and activities of a global nature. These global programmes are • Developing doctrine and policy designed to be implemented at the field • Articulating strategic directions level, but are budgeted for and managed • Directing and supporting fundraising at Headquarters. and resource mobilization • Prioritizing and allocating resources The 2017 proposed budget for global • Servicing the Executive Committee and programmes amounts to $425.1 million, other governance bodies, allowing them reflecting a net increase of $14 million, to assume their oversight functions or 3 per cent, above the current 2016 • Ensuring financial control in accordance requirements. The increase is mainly due with United Nations and UNHCR rules to augmented investments in education- and regulations related projects globally, including the • Directing organizational development promotion of higher education, and in and management the Private Sector Partnerships Service to • Monitoring, measuring and reporting expand the funding target in 2017.

82 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update Operational support and management

The proposed headquarters budget remains and leadership of the organization. This includes stable from 2016 to 2017 at $229.1 million, with functional units for executive direction, organizational the programme support and management and policy and evaluation, external relations, information administration components accounting for technology and administration. The 2017 proposed approximately 35 per cent and 65 per cent of the budget for this category is expected to decrease total proposed budget respectively. The category of by $2.2 million, or 1 per cent, compared to the 2016 programme support is comprised of costs required current budget. to develop, formulate and evaluate programmes. This includes functional headquarters units which Tables and charts showing budgets, expenditures provide technical and administrative support to field and voluntary contributions in 2017 for Global operations. Requirements for 2017 reflect a modest Programmes and Headquarters are presented on increase of $2.3 million, or 3 per cent, compared the following pages. A more detailed description of with the 2016 current budget. Headquarters functions and activities can be found on the Global Focus website at The category of management and administration is http://reporting.unhcr.org/resources. n comprised of costs required to maintain the direction

Budgets for Global Programmes | USD

2016 Current Budget 2017 Activities (as of 30 June 2016) OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES

Cash-based incentives 309,433 449,688

Durable solutions 2,759,065 2,933,065

Education-related projects 6,161,041 22,056,029

Emergency-related projects 38,030,327 37,261,658

Environment-related projects 435,206 598,500

Global clusters 2,746,882 3,413,180

Health-related projects 4,050,855 3,928,855

Innovation projects 4,536,164 7,089,630

Private sector fundraising1 99,609,536 111,200,000

Protection-related projects 3,471,605 5,662,350

Public information and media projects 6,371,891 7,495,563

Refugee women, children and adolescents 6,540,805 4,424,320

Registration, data and knowledge management 4,881,748 5,908,769

Research, evaluation and documentation 340,386 340,386

Resettlement 23,803,486 22,742,000

Shelter-related projects 6,650,000 480,000

Training-related projects 1,131,785 896,000

Miscellaneous 7,542,467 780,890

Subtotal 219,372,681 237,660,883

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UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 83 Operational support and management

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2016 Current Budget 2017 Activities (as of 30 June 2016)

PROGRAMME SUPPORT ACTIVITIES

Executive Direction and Management

Innovation project 1,488,659 1,114,773

Inspector General's Office field activities 1,450,245 1,937,208

Legal Affairs Service field activities 343,881 447,490

Division of External Relations

Specialized sections and services 8,606,833 9,958,033

Private sector fundraising – investment funds and activities 11,219,878 13,402,146

Division of International Protection

Specialized sections and services 29,463,713 20,182,857

Division of Information Systems and Telecommunications

IT and telecommunications – field support 35,380,090 39,803,994

Division of Programme Support and Management

Global Clusters – field support 67,750 50,000

Technical support to the field 10,805,722 11,585,058

Division of Emergency, Security and Supply

Emergency Capacity Management Section 6,950,494 6,981,185

Field Safety Section – field security support 12,197,149 12,265,767

Supply management – field strengthening and support 20,999,648 17,214,454

Division of Human Resources Management

Global staff accomodation 1,005,550 1,378,716

Special staff costs (including voluntary separation) 18,409,209 16,805,515

Training of UNHCR staff 8,864,985 9,781,749

Division of Financial and Administrative Management

Specialized sections and services 5,392,950 5,195,328

Budapest Global Service Centre

Division of Emergency, Security and Supply 1,974,121 1,731,086

Copenhagen Global Service Centre

Division of Information Systems and Telecommunications 356,902 588,608

Division of Programme Support and Management 9,137,866 8,166,892

Private Sector Partnerships 8,020,887 8,930,442

Subtotal 191,756,950 187,456,165

Total 411,129,632 425,117,048 1 Includes activities and office in Copenhagen

84 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update Operational support and management

Budgets for Global Programmes 2008-2017 | USD millions

BudgetS for Headquarters | USD

Divisions / Departments1 2016 Current Budget 2017 (as of 30 June 2016)

EXECUTIVE DIRECTION AND MANAGEMENT

Executive Office 4,216,500 5,134,141

UNHCR Liaison Office in New York 5,200,046 4,818,395

Inspector General's Office 5,671,585 5,324,153

Legal Affairs Service 3,803,730 4,105,396

Office of the Ombudsman 581,412 566,891

Ethics Office 1,250,473 1,308,793

Enterprise Risk Management 524,337 523,310

Policy Development and Evaluation Service 2,628,996 3,243,439

Organizational Development and Management Service 1,170,437 1,165,264

Subtotal 25,047,518 26,189,781 Division of External Relations

Office of the Director 3,557,472 3,116,219

Specialized sections and services 22,302,899 23,687,363

Subtotal 25,860,371 26,803,583 Division of International Protection

Office of the Director 1,559,799 3,788,253

Specialized sections and services 15,771,232 17,819,322

Subtotal 17,331,032 21,607,575

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UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 85 Operational support and management

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1 Divisions / Departments 2016 Current Budget 2017 (as of 30 June 2016)

DEPARTMENt OF OPERATIONS Division of Programme Support and Management Office of the Director 2,534,933 2,273,581

Specialized sections and services 4,526,870 4,435,910

Subtotal 7,061,803 6,709,491 Division of Emergency, Security and Supply

Office of the Director 1,484,612 1,806,926

Subtotal 1,484,612 1,806,926 Regional Bureaux at Headquarters

Bureau for Africa 10,926,026 10,497,853

Bureau for the Middle East and North Africa 7,959,417 8,667,714

Bureau for Asia and the Pacific 5,030,846 5,023,748

Bureau for Europe (includes office in Brussels) 10,203,554 10,501,640

Bureau for the Americas 3,046,730 3,032,993

Subtotal 37,166,573 37,723,948

Subtotal Department of Operations 45,712,988 46,240,366 Division of Information Systems and Telecommunications

Office of the Director2 16,699,936 18,581,977

Specialized sections and services 2,306,000 2,116,000

Subtotal 19,005,936 20,697,977 Division of Human Resources Management

Office of the Director 3,812,639 2,935,910

Specialized sections and services 12,108,492 11,546,883

Subtotal 15,921,131 14,482,794 Division of Financial and Administrative Management

Office of the Director 11,571,991 6,799,236

Specialized sections and services 28,451,669 27,806,176

Subtotal 40,023,660 34,605,412

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86 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update Operational support and management

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1 Divisions / Departments 2016 Current Budget 2017 (as of 30 June 2016)

Global Service Centre (Budapest)

Management Unit 3,890,535 3,616,667

Specialized sections and services 30,842,274 29,609,833

Subtotal 34,732,808 33,226,500 GLOBAL SERVICE CENTRE (COPENHAGEN)

Management Unit 4,486,276 4,610,998

Subtotal 4,486,276 4,610,998

Staff Council 888,601 707,944

Total 229,010,321 229,172,929

Budgets for Headquarters 2008-2017 | USD millions

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 87 A young South Sudanese refugee waves tentatively after reaching safety in neighbouring Uganda. © UNHCR/Massoumeh Farman-Farmaian

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The challenges of current refugee and mixed movements are too onerous and complex for individual countries to address alone. International cooperation based on international law, principles of solidarity, fair sharing of responsibility and collective State efforts, is essential in order to address today’s challenges in sustainable ways.

Compliance with international refugee law represents a form of responsibility-sharing, through which States honour their commitments to each other, as expressed in the 1951 Convention and other refugee law instruments. Widely respected by States Parties, the ongoing validity and adaptability of the Convention has repeatedly been recognized through its interpretation and application but also by States’ departures from them and failure to afford access to protection and rights.

In 2017, UNHCR will continue to promote a favourable protection environment for refugees, asylum-seekers, the internally displaced and stateless people. It will also advocate the implementation of relevant regional and international instruments in practice. This chapter outlines the Office’s ongoing efforts to uphold the institution of asylum and encourage fair and efficient State-led asylum systems that ensure access to protection for people of concern. This chapter also contains an overview of UNHCR’s work to end statelessness, and to protect and assist IDPs.

In this chapter: • Strengthening national systems • Understanding the needs of people of concern • Ending statelessness • Engaging in situations of internal displacement

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 89 SAFEGUARDING FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHTS © UNHCR/Will Swanson

Strengthening national systems

UNHCR believes that people who are regional laws, policies, administrative forcibly displaced, stateless or at risk practices and services. Similarly, UNHCR of statelessness are best protected has provided protection expertise and assisted through effective to development partners to support national systems, involving all levels the inclusion of refugees in national of government, civil society and the development programmes. private sector. Despite the introduction of restrictive laws, policies and practices While a positive step forward, the by some States, the international adoption of inclusive national health, community has recently adopted a education and development policies on range of instruments which provide a their own may not be enough. Only 50 per basis to strengthen national systems cent of refugee children have access to for protection and solutions. These primary education, compared to a global instruments include the 2030 Agenda for level of more than 90 per cent. Globally, Sustainable Development, the New York 84 per cent of non-refugee adolescents Declaration for Refugees and Migrants, attend lower secondary school, but and the related Comprehensive Refugee only 22 per cent of refugee adolescents Response Framework (CRRF). There has have that same opportunity, and at the also been a call for UNHCR, together higher education level, just one per cent with other partners, to strengthen of refugees attend university against support to States in protecting people of a global average of 34 per cent. For concern and finding solutions to forced instance, although refugees are formally displacement. granted access to national education systems in 17 out of the 25 UNHCR UNHCR provides capacity building and education programming priority countries, other support aimed at transferring many refugee children remain unable to technical protection skills to State access education in practice because the institutions, including on refugee broader protection and material support status determination (RSD), refugee required for families to be able to send and statelessness law and policy, and their children to school is insufficient. humanitarian emergency response. The Office also advocates the inclusion Accordingly, since 2016, UNHCR has of people of concern in national and strengthened and expanded its support to

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governments and development partners capacitated and supported to deliver to incorporate refugee protection quality RSD decisions in a sustainable and service delivery considerations manner. Where State authorities have into governance and administrative full responsibility for RSD, UNHCR will mechanisms. To complement these continue to provide technical advice efforts, the Office will also provide and support, including by strengthening targeted support to increase access capacity and by supporting the to justice and security programming establishment of sustainable state-owned by people of concern. Political will and quality assurance mechanisms. predictable funding, together with UNHCR support, will be key to ensuring Lastly, with protection and solutions for consistency across different displacement people of concern increasingly grounded contexts. in relevant national systems and international development programming, Similarly, in 2017, UNHCR's collaboration UNHCR will seek new ways to exercise with national authorities interested in its supervisory responsibilities, including taking on a larger role in RSD will aim to ensuring appropriate interpretation and ensure that the responsibility for RSD lies application of international and regional with state institutions that are structured, protection standards. n

Anticipated areas of Key achievements targeted in 2017 intervention in 2017

Favourable protection environment

Law and policy developed or strengthened

Advocate for and enhance the nn Guidance will be provided on maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum; the ICRC and States protection and security of people of will be engaged. concern

Advocate for law and policy to nn Strategic litigation will be supported and encouraged to ensure that the rights of refugees and other people of protect and respect the rights of concern to UNHCR are protected and respected. people of concern nn Engagement with and input provided to UN human rights mechanisms will continue to be strengthened, including the Universal Periodic Review, the Special Procedures and treaty monitoring mechanisms. nn Technical advice will be provided to field operations on law and policy issues. nn States and UNHCR operations will be supported on the issuance of Convention Travel Documents and on the protection of personal data of people of concern. nn Technical advice and assistance will be provided to States to enact new or revised legislation and policies incorporating improved protection standards. Advocate the adoption or revision of laws consistent with international nn Strategic engagement in judicial proceedings as amicus curiae will continue to advance the development and consistent interpretation and/or application of international standards. standards

Develop, publish and disseminate nn Legal guidance will be prepared on topical issues related to international protection, including eligibility for guidance on international refugee international protection, the principle of non-refoulement, the principle of non-penalization for irregular entry and protection presence, fair and efficient asylum procedures, due process guarantees, and the rights of asylum-seekers and refugees, including the right to family life and unity.

Work towards ending the detention nn Implementation of the global strategy “Beyond detention 2014-2019” will be supported in focus countries and of asylum-seeking and stateless other operations. children, improving conditions and promoting alternatives to detention nn 2 blended learning programmes will be developed on: monitoring immigration detention; and reception, care arrangements and alternatives to detention for children and families. nn Briefing and research papers on relevant related topics will be prepared.

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Anticipated areas of Key achievements targeted in 2017 intervention in 2017

Fair protection processes and documentation Access to and quality of status determination procedures improved

Further develop and oversee the nn Ongoing and timely operational, legal and procedural advice on RSD procedures and decision-making will be implementation of policies, provided to regular and emergency operations, including large-scale mandate operations, operations involved in guidance, standards and procedures transferring RSD responsibilities to governments, and operations focused on building or strengthening national relating to RSD asylum procedures (including through quality assurance initiatives). nn Further guidance will be developed on the strategic use of mandate RSD as part of holistic protection and solution strategies, and on the development and use of efficient processing strategies for specific populations of concern. nn UNHCR’s “Procedural standards for refugee status determination under UNHCR’s mandate” will be revised and updated. nn Guidance to UNHCR staff and state decisions-makers on examining and assessing the credibility of RSD applications will continue to be developed. nn Clear guidance will be provided to governments, staff and other stakeholders involved in asylum/RSD procedures on how to apply the exclusion criteria in the 1951 Convention, leading to fairer and more consistent RSD for asylum-seekers; UNHCR will also continue to develop updated guidelines on exclusion from international protection based on Article 1F of the 1951 Convention. nn Protection support missions will be conducted to critical RSD operations.

Strengthen the capacity of UNHCR nn RSD-specific training will be developed and delivered, including up to 4 sessions of the RSD learning programme, RSD staff and operations, including benefitting up to 140 UNHCR RSD staff. through deployments nn Interviewing training will be provided for UNHCR staff involved in RSD and other protection-related activities, including through the roll-out of e-learning materials and sessions of the newly-developed interviewing learning programme. nn Training on country of origin information (COI) will be provided to UNHCR staff, including through the roll-out of a COI e-learning course. nn Support will be provided to mandate RSD operations through the deployment of RSD experts. nn An online induction training module for new RSD eligibility officers will be developed. nn Guidance on self-care for staff working in case processing will be developed to promote staff welfare.

Provide access for decision-makers nn Eligibility guidelines and other country-specific guidance on major countries of origin will be published. on asylum claims to up-to-date country of origin information and nn COI reports on specific countries of origin will be commissioned from independent organizations with expertise in country-specific policy guidance COI research. nn Refworld will be maintained to ensure that governments, UNHCR staff and other stakeholders in asylum/RSD procedures will continue to benefit from access to up-to-date COI from a broad range of reliable sources.

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Anticipated areas of Key achievements targeted in 2017 intervention in 2017

Basic needs and essential services Services for people with specific needs strengthened

Strengthen capacity to address nn A training of trainers programme on LGBTI protection will be launched globally. specific protection needs of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and nn Good practices and practical guidance will be collated and disseminated to country operations. intersex (LGBTI) people of concern

Strengthen capacity to address nn Partnerships will be strengthened with local/national organizations of people with disabilities. specific protection needs of people with disabilities nn E-learning on protection of people with disabilities will be rolled-out globally. nn Practical guidance will be produced to support the inclusion of people with disabilities in all areas of programming. Improve access to quality education

Provide technical support to nn A framework will be developed for the inclusion of refugees in national/local education services and systems, and operations for inclusion of refugees operational guidance will be provided within specific contexts. within national education systems and programmes nn Technical support will be provided to at least 20 countries, with additional targeted support to specific countries, to strengthen the inclusion of refugees in national education systems.

Operations increase enrolment and nn Targeted technical support will be provided to 12 countries under the Educate A Child programme to enrol retention of out-of-school children 140,000 out-of-school refugee children in primary school. and youth in primary and post- primary education

Expand and promote the use of nn Targeted technical support will be provided to at least 10 countries to enhance access to formal secondary innovation in education education, accelerated education and non-formal education programmes.

Enhance access to tertiary education nn Scholarships will be provided to more than 4,000 refugees through the annual Albert Einstein German Academic Refugee Initiative (DAFI) tertiary scholarship and other UNHCR/partner scholarship programmes. nn A consortium of partners on connected learning, led by UNHCR, will support access to certified higher education programmes for more than 2,000 refugee learners.

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Understanding the needs of people of concern

“How can we work and progress together if we are invisible? How can we work with refugee youth if we do not see them? How can we plan for refugee youth if we do not know their needs? How much should we invest, if we’re not sure how many they are?” - Young refugees participating in the Global Refugee Youth Consultation in Geneva, June 2016

UNHCR’s operational engagement, Protection Information Management supervisory role and advocacy (see Glossary) is a collaborative effort work is underpinned by a thorough on which UNHCR is working with other understanding of the people that it humanitarian and development actors, works with and for, the reasons for as well as academic institutions. their displacement, and the contexts in which they live. Meaningful community UNHCR is also changing the way it works participation enables evidence-based with young people to better leverage decision-making and programming, their innovative ideas and knowledge of and is accordingly central to a range their communities in order to improve of UNHCR’s processes, including: to programme effectiveness. Drawing upon understand population movements; its commitment to the “Core actions for analyse protection risks; provide refugee youth”, developed through the individual protection case management; Global Refugee Youth Consultations, ensure accountability to affected and the World Humanitarian Summit’s populations; implement participatory “Compact for young people in approaches; and strengthen community- humanitarian action”, the Office is seeking based protection. to strengthen the collection and use of dedicated and disaggregated data on In addition, UNHCR continues to improve forcibly displaced and stateless youth. its information and data management This will improve the relevance and systems to support protection analysis, specificity of youth programming, ensure longer-term protection and solutions humanitarian responses and the search planning, and priority-setting by the for solutions are more responsive to Office, governments and partners. young people’s needs, and assist UNHCR,

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governments and partners to prioritize throughout UNHCR’s programme, adequate resources. The Office is also including as researchers and data increasing opportunities for genuine collectors, and will take steps to ensure participation by young people of concern that youth are meaningfully involved. n

Backbone of informed To do this in a changing decision-making world, UNHCR will elevate the importance of gathering, UNHCR has a fundamental managing, analysing and sharing responsibility of informing of the data as a key means of delivering circumstances of refugees and protection and solutions for other people of concern with its people of concern. The transparency. Data and evidence is organization will enhance its essential for UNHCR in managing capacity for statistical analysis and protection and solutions work, but robust data collection, including ever more importantly it empowers better alignment with Sustainable refugees and other people of Development Goal indicators. In concern to make informed decisions addition, an expert group, working to manage their own future. UNHCR with national statistical offices, will must be knowledgeable, informed develop guidelines for refugee and capable in the coordination and statistics and investigate options delivery of information to ensure for a similar set of international individuals and communities have guidelines on internally displaced the information needed to enhance figures. their own protection and meet their own needs.

Anticipated areas of Key achievements targeted in 2017 intervention in 2017

Community empowerment and self-reliance

Community mobilization strengthened and expanded

Strengthen capacity to design, nn A learning initiative on community-based protection will be implemented in at least 1 region. implement, monitor and evaluate protection and assistance programmes, in close collaboration with people of concern

Strengthen UNHCR’s participatory nn An accountability framework will be rolled-out to country operations; practical guidance and support will be approach and mechanism for provided to country operations. accountability to affected population nn Learning modules on accountability to affected populations in programming for protection will be made available to multi-functional teams.

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Registration and identity access and analyse information about management each and every refugee and their case, from initial contact through to durable Registration and identity management solutions. With this tool, UNHCR will are critical to ensuring the profiles and be able to manage the full range of protection needs of people of concern essential protection and assistance are well understood and secured. processes within a unified system, UNHCR has established and refined collaborate more effectively internally its identity management processes and with partners, as well as capture and tools over decades, such as data more effectively to improve its registration interviews and individual delivery of services to people of concern. documentation. It is now working to create a global, integrated identity UNHCR will also continue to roll out its management system, relying both on global Biometric Identity Management updated technology and strengthened System (BIMS), a powerful tool for field support and guidance. Guidance capturing, storing and retrieving will also shortly be issued on planning biometric information to protect and and implementing effective, large- preserve the identities of people of scale registration exercises. Benefits concern. BIMS is operational even will include harmonized systems for in remote locations. It enhances the collection of registration data, registration data and reduces fraud by simplification of case management recording one global unique identity tracking, timelier identification of specific for each individual and preserving it, vulnerabilities and needs, as well as promoting data integrity in registration stronger processes for issuing refugee and other case management and documentation and securing legal assistance processes. It also enables identity. UNHCR to maintain contact with people affected by protracted or repeated UNHCR is also prioritizing efforts to displacement. enhance the quality of its registration data, in order to better inform protection In 2017, the organization will continue and programming activities and to to strengthen its registration capacity reduce fraud at all stages of case through comprehensive global and management processing. To further regional training to build up expertise enhance the integrity and efficiency of needed in unstable, protracted and registration and identity management emergency situations. The Office will systems, the new refugee registration notably expand its stand-by roster for and case management system, proGres rapid deployment to emergencies, in Partnership, will be deployed to 10 and build the capacity of 20 existing more operations in 2017. proGres is a staff members in country operations to centralized web-based application that strengthen registration expertise and enables UNHCR to gather, maintain, knowledge. n

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Anticipated areas of Key achievements targeted in 2017 intervention in 2017

Favourable protection environment

Quality of registration and profiling improved or maintained

Improve registration and case nn Registration and case management software, proGres in Partnership, will be deployed to an additional 10 management software countries, including one large mandate operation.

Improve identity management nn BIMS will be deployed in 15 countries. nn Identity management practices will be strengthened globally through guidance on establishing identity prior to biometric enrolment, the identification and recording of individual refugee protection needs, and the sharing of personal data with partners and third parties.

Use profiling and survey methods to nn Guidance on IDP population data management. provide population data management in IDP situations nn Operations will receive field support to establish population data management systems.

Conduct profiling and surveys of nn Integrated household surveys for refugees are conducted in 2 operations. refugee households nn Method and tools for integrated household surveys finalized and shared with community.

Provide support to registration nn Country operations will continue to receive guidance and support for registration activities, including the delivery activities in the field of registration equipment and supplies. nn 5 operations will receive on-the-ground capacity-building, including technical support, training and development of registration strategies. nn 2 trainings on emergency registration will be organized to strengthen existing registration and protection capacity in country operations, and identify staff who can be deployed to provide registration support as part of the standby emergency roster. nn 1 regional training session on continuous registration will be conducted in the Asia region to build registration capacity in the context of mandate UNHCR activities. nn UNHCR’s registration standards and core modules of a comprehensive registration handbook will be released. nn A toolkit for planning, implementing and reporting on verification exercises will be provided to strengthen the quality of registration data and improve the integrity, accountability and transparency of registration processes globally.

Promoting gender equality Operationally, UNHCR has made progress in increasing the equitable UNHCR has been actively promoting the participation of women in decision- equal rights of women, men, girls and making by establishing elections boys of concern for several decades. such as refugee committees, raising Over time, strategies have evolved awareness among communities on and merged into the current integrated women’s rights, and conducting approach embodied in the organization’s leadership training for women and 2011 “Age, gender and diversity (AGD) adolescent girls. The organization has policy” and its 2001 “Commitments to also strengthened its engagement Refugee Women”. Through its AGD with men and boys to prevent and approach, UNHCR strives to ensure respond to SGBV, and advocated the that all people of concern enjoy their participation of forcibly-displaced rights on an equal footing and are able women in peace and security to participate fully in the decisions that processes. The Office strives to affect their lives. ensure that all policies, guidance and

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communications incorporate gender Priorities for 2017 include updating these equality, and UNHCR takes an active commitments; increasing staff and partner role at the inter-agency level through capacity through training, guidance and the IASC Gender Reference Group tools; and documenting good practices. and the GenCap Project’s Steering More generally, UNHCR continues to Committee. increase its internal expertise in order to promote self-reliance, dignity and In 2015, a stocktaking exercise was empowerment for women and girls, launched to assess the degree to including by providing technical gender which the organization’s protection expertise to field. The Office is also and assistance work promotes gender strengthening existing — and actively equality. As a starting point, an internal seeking new — partnerships, including gender equality review of operational with grassroots civil society organizations practices was carried out in over 70 working towards gender equality. operations. The review assessed gender equality implementation, established an These and similar innovative initiatives evidence base to guide future work in are documented in UNHCR’s annual this area, and is informing the process AGD accountability report (more of updating UNHCR’s “Commitments to information can be found at refugee women”. http://www.unhcr.org/5769092c7.pdf.) n

Anticipated areas of Key achievements targeted in 2017 intervention in 2017

Community empowerment and self-reliance

Gender equality knowledge, support and capacity strengthened

Develop and implement gender nn Updated UNHCR “Commitments to women and girls” will be finalized and launched. equality policy

Develop and implement gender nn UNHCR’s “Handbook for the protection of women and girls” will be updated, revised and distributed to UNHCR equality guidance and good staff and partners. practices nn Good practices on gender equality programming by UNHCR and partners will be documented and distributed. nn The annual “Age, Gender and Diversity Accountability Report” will be researched, drafted and distributed.

Provide gender equality capacity nn A “gender equality facilitator system” will be established, including the development and piloting of a blended building to UNHCR staff learning course with 60 UNHCR staff from 3 regions. nn A gender equality e-learning course will be launched with a minimum target of 500 staff and partners reached annually.

Provide gender equality technical nn Operations will be supported with technical expertise and ongoing mentoring. expertise

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“I can attend school but they won’t issue me with a certificate when my studies end because I’m stateless.” — Edwin, 16 in Malaysia © UNHCR/Roger Arnold © UNHCR/Roger

Ending statelessness

November 2016 marks the second Persons and the 1961 Convention on the anniversary of UNHCR’s #IBelong Reduction of Statelessness to 89 and 68, Campaign to End Statelessness respectively. (hereafter, the campaign). The year 2017 will be critical for the campaign, Building and maintaining strong as the first official milestone year when partnerships with States, NGOs, and progress will be measured against each other international organizations will of the 10 actions contained in UNHCR’s help ensure that efforts to address “Global action plan to end statelessness: statelessness are prioritized through 2014-2024”. Notwithstanding positive diplomacy, grassroots advocacy, and developments to date, many targets operational activity. Some progress reflected in the 2017 milestones are has already been made as a result unlikely to be met and additional pledges of coordinated diplomacy: in 2016, will be required to support a number of the Human Rights Council adopted a key interventions, in order to accelerate resolution on the right to nationality that progress in 2017 and beyond. enjoyed the co-sponsorship of 111 States, and called for a follow-up workshop that In the past two years, important strides UNHCR and OHCHR will co-organize have been made in a number of regions in 2017. Further, in 2016 the African with the adoption of relevant national and Commission on Human and Peoples’ intergovernmental initiatives. Many States Rights adopted a draft protocol on the have developed national action plans “Right to nationality” that will go to AU that envision law and policy reforms Member States for review in 2017. necessary to address statelessness. A significant number of States have already The heightened level of awareness of begun making reforms and many States and support for combating statelessness worldwide have granted or confirmed has led to other tangible developments. nationality for hundreds or thousands of In October 2016, UNHCR and UNICEF stateless people in the last year alone. launched a new coalition to ensure every There have been nine accessions to child’s right to a nationality. The coalition the statelessness conventions since includes a number of international the campaign was launched, bringing organizations and civil society groups the total number of parties to the 1954 and will aim to coordinate joint advocacy Convention on the Status of Stateless efforts and programmatic activities in pilot

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countries; support new regional initiatives To build on lessons learned, UNHCR similar to the Abidjan Declaration on the is seeking to further mainstream Eradication of Statelessness; and nurture statelessness programming, and new civil society networks in Asia and the to improve internal and operations Pacific, Central Asia, and the Middle East planning with States’ support to address and North Africa. statelessness. New guidance on this has been produced and technical advice will be provided to operations to strengthen Achieving solutions planning processes. In addition, good practices papers will be issued to guide There has been tangible progress in operations and partners in implementing achieving durable solutions for stateless the ten actions contained in the “Global populations. In Côte d’Ivoire, UNHCR’s action plan to end statelessness: 2014- partnership with the Ministry of Justice 2024”, and technical assistance will be enabled approximately 5,000 stateless provided to governments directly. people to acquire Ivorian nationality by June 2016. In Central Asia, UNHCR’s work with governments and NGO Seizing opportunities partners has promoted the identification and case resolution of tens of thousands The SDGs provide important of stateless people in recent years. opportunities for UNHCR to expand In Thailand, close cooperation with its partnerships with development the Government and NGO partners actors to address the root causes working with stateless communities has of statelessness and advocate for seen nationality granted to more than the inclusion of stateless people in 23,000 people since 2013, reducing development planning. The overarching the registered stateless population to aim of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable 439,000. In 2016, the Government of the Development “to reach the furthest Plurinational State of Bolivia adopted a behind first” and “leave no one behind” resolution to facilitate the naturalization clearly applies to those who experience of stateless people and refugees, and the many negative consequences of Costa Rica established a statelessness not being recognized as citizens of any determination procedure. country. There are also specific SDGs and targets that will help prevent and Many of these milestones have been reduce statelessness itself, provided achieved with relatively small amounts that planning and implementation take of additional financial resources into account the needs of stateless for statelessness activities, and the populations: SDG 5.1 relates to the allocation of dedicated staff to address elimination of gender discrimination and statelessness issues. Additional financial SDG 16.9 calls upon States to provide a support will accelerate progress legal identity, including birth registration, towards the resolution and prevention for all. of statelessness by allowing successful interventions to be scaled up. This is In 2016, UNHCR produced guidance particularly crucial in countries and for all its operations on the intersection regions where strong momentum between the SDGs and UNHCR’s towards the eradication of statelessness statelessness mandate. The Office is already exists, such as Côte d’Ivoire and also partnering with the World Bank’s other parts of West Africa, Central Asia, Identification for Development (ID4D) Malaysia and Thailand. initiative to draw attention to the

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importance of SDG 16.9 and advocate engagement on statelessness with child the prioritization of improvements to rights actors, including UNICEF and civil registration and vital statistics NGOs. In 2017, UNHCR will strengthen programmes in national development links with faith-based groups and planning. communities through a number of regional workshops. Finally, the Office In 2016, UNHCR published a flagship will also seek to partner with national report entitled “I am here, I belong: human rights institutions working to the urgent need to end childhood tackle statelessness at national and statelessness” and enhanced its regional levels. n

Anticipated areas of intervention Key achievements targeted in 2017 in 2017

Favourable protection environment

Law and policy developed or strengthened

Advocate and provide technical advice nn 10 States will take steps to improve their nationality laws, policies and procedures in order to be more to governments for reform of consistent with international standards on the prevention and reduction of statelessness. nationality laws, policies and procedures to close gaps that may lead to statelessness, to ensure that stateless persons can acquire a nationality

Advocate and provide technical advice nn 5 States will establish or improve statelessness determination procedures. to governments for the introduction or improvement of statelessness determination procedures

Advocate and provide technical advice nn 5 States will remove gender discrimination from their nationality laws. to governments for the elimination of gender discrimination in nationality laws

Support civil society advocacy as part of the Campaign to End Gender Discrimination in Nationality Laws International and regional instruments acceded to, ratified or strengthened

Promote accession to the 1954 nn The number of States party to the 1954 and 1961 Conventions will be increased by 12. Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons and the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness Fair protection processes and documentation Identification of statelessness improved

Support identification/registration nn Improved quantitative and/or qualitative baseline data will be available for 8 additional States. exercises and surveys to increase knowledge of the number of stateless people, their situation and possible solutions

Advocate and provide technical advice nn The number of countries for which UNHCR reports statistical data on stateless people will increase by 5. for improved statistics on stateless people

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Anticipated areas of intervention Key achievements targeted in 2017 in 2017

Durable solutions Greater reduction of statelessness is achieved

Develop and implement strategies to nn At least 5 multi-year solutions strategies will address protracted statelessness situations. address protracted situations of statelessness

Assist stateless people and those with nn At least 100,000 stateless people will acquire nationality or have it confirmed. undetermined nationality to acquire or confirm nationality

Provide training and technical advice nn A dedicated course on statelessness at the International Institute of Humanitarian Law in San Remo will be to government officials on continued. statelessness reduction measures, including acquisition or confirmation of nn Technical advice on nationality laws will be provided to at least 20 countries to support legal reforms needed to prevent and reduce statelessness. nationality by stateless people and those with undetermined nationality UNHCR/Petr Shelomovskiy © UNHCR/Petr

Engaging in situations of internal displacement

Conflict and violence have resulted in Internal displacement is not only a ever-increasing numbers of people being humanitarian challenge but a complex internally displaced. By the end of 2015, political and developmental one as well. the IDMC estimated the total number of This is visible in the multiple causes people internally displaced by conflict of displacement, such as increasing and violence to be around 40.8 million, violations of international human rights with an additional 19.2 million newly and humanitarian law, transnational displaced by natural disasters in 113 criminal networks, environmental countries. degradation, climate change, under-

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development, and disease outbreaks. induced displacement in countries where The humanitarian system has been UNHCR is present and has the necessary challenged to act faster and respond capacity and government agreement, more effectively to the protection and the organization is ready to assume assistance needs of IDPs. protection leadership and, in accordance with defined criteria and timelines, UNHCR has made tangible progress contribute operationally to an interagency towards a more predictable response response. to internal displacement in recent years. The 2016 “Operational guidelines on As the global cluster lead for three clusters UNHCR’s engagement in situations of – protection, CCCM and shelter – UNHCR internal displacement” have enhanced is responsible for ensuring response the organization’s country-level planning capacity is in place and that assessment, in IDP contexts. Recognizing that UNHCR planning and response activities are works within an interagency framework, carried out in collaboration with partners the guidelines focus the organization’s and in accordance with agreed standards engagement in areas where it brings and guidelines. As the cluster lead, a comparative advantage and cluster UNHCR also acts as the “provider of last leadership: protection, shelter/NFIs resort”. See the regional chapters for more and camp coordination and camp details on specific operations. management (CCCM).

Throughout 2017 and beyond, IDP law and policy UNHCR will continue to implement its longstanding commitments towards An increasing number of States have the internally displaced. When it comes developed national laws or policies on to a predictable engagement in IDP internal displacement in line with the situations, UNHCR has made tangible UN’s “Guiding principles on internal progress in recent years. Internal displacement” and the Kampala advancements include the IDP policy Convention (see Glossary). These from 2006/2007; the revitalization of the normative developments recognize Global Protection, Shelter, and CCCM that displacement is a long-term and Clusters; the High Commissioner’s complex process, and that responses Dialogue on IDPs; and an increase in require a sound policy and legal basis. learning programmes. Compliance with It is a key UNHCR objective to support the operational guidelines combined States, through technical advice and in with ongoing and targeted operational partnership with the Special Rapporteur support will enable more timely, effective on the human rights of IDPs and other and relevant engagement by the Office. key stakeholders, in developing and UNHCR will ground its response within implementing legal and institutional a broader protection strategy, driven frameworks to prevent, respond to by a comprehensive, community-based and facilitate solutions for internal assessment of needs. For disaster- displacement.

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In 2017, the Global Protection Cluster Several key UNHCR operations were Task Team on Law and Policy, co-led able to make important progress on by UNHCR and IDMC, will continue to national solutions strategies for IDPs provide local and national facilitators in 2016. In Sri Lanka, where UNHCR with guidance to conduct training and UNDP jointly hosted an expert sessions on law and policy-making on from the Protection Standby Capacity internal displacement. Also in 2017, Project (ProCap), a national policy on UNHCR will support the maintenance of durable solutions for conflict-affected the global database on laws and policies displacement was adopted by the on internal displacement (available at Government of Sri Lanka in August www.internal-displacement.org/law-and- 2016. National consultations on a policy). This will be used to promote durable solutions strategy were also national and regional initiatives for initiated in the Democratic Republic of the development and implementation the Congo. In 2017, UNHCR will draw on of IDP law and policy, and establish a these achievements in the Democratic community of practice. Republic of the Congo and Sri Lanka to launch similar initiatives in other countries experiencing protracted Solutions for internal internal displacement. The Office will displacement also continue to contribute to the efforts of the Special Rapporteur on The average duration of internal the human rights of IDPs and other key displacement, according to a 2014 stakeholders in promoting the inclusion study by the Brookings Institute, is 17 of IDPs in national development years. According to the High-Level planning. Panel on Humanitarian Financing Report to the Secretary-General “Too important to fail - addressing the humanitarian Global Protection Cluster financing gap”, this is one of the (GPC) main reasons why three-quarters of humanitarian funding in the last decade UNHCR leads 23 of the 28 current has gone to the same 20 countries; protection clusters or other inter-agency while six of the largest recipients have protection coordination mechanisms had coordinated humanitarian appeals worldwide, alongside OHCHR, UNICEF for 10 consecutive years. Facilitating and UN WOMEN. To ensure a coherent solutions and addressing protracted protection response, UNHCR will displacement will therefore remain an maintain its close cooperation in 2017 important area of focus for UNHCR in with UNICEF, UNFPA, UNMAS and the 2017 and beyond. NRC as the leads of the GPC areas of

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responsibility for, respectively: child Global CCCM Cluster protection; gender-based violence; mine action; and housing, land and property. The Global CCCM Cluster, led by UNHCR in conflict situations and by IOM in natural UNHCR will continue to improve the disasters, offers a range of field support, quality of cluster leadership in the field including tools and technical guidance, and will provide support through an information management systems, and “operations cell”. This will be staffed by training materials for country operations. personnel with protection expertise, as Population data management, and data well as relevant language, programming gathering and analysis, are at the core of and coordination skills, from UNHCR, the the cluster’s work. The cluster provides DRC and the Protection Standby Capacity further support to the field through Project (ProCap). deployment of rapid response teams and technical experts when needed, In 2017, the GPC will continue and by assisting in the identification and implementing its 2016-2019 strategic recruitment of permanent staff for country framework, which responds to needs operations. identified by national protection clusters, as well as by the IASC-commissioned In line with the outcomes of the WHS, 2015 “whole of system” review of in 2017 the Global CCCM Cluster will protection and the “One humanity: seek to strengthen links with other shared responsibility” report of the clusters and agencies, in particular Secretary-General for the WHS. The those working on development issues, strategic framework emphasizes a including the Global Cluster for Early stronger operational focus, engagement Recovery. The Global CCCM Cluster will of new partners, and adopting innovative also continue to improve its governance practices and tools. structure and create new technical working groups for the development of The GPC will also continue to promote strategic guidance on the use of cash- protection as central to humanitarian based assistance, remote management, action, and to develop inter-agency and the transitioning and deactivation of policy, protection standards and clusters. guidance globally. The GPC will also continue efforts to strengthen the Other priorities in 2017 include: role of field protection clusters in improving preparedness and strategy, advocacy, and the design and contingency planning initiatives; implementation of programmes. As part increasing the predictability of of a comprehensive communications responses to new and existing strategy, the GPC will enhance its social emergencies; and building on lessons- media presence, website, partnerships learned and exploring alternative and training programmes to ensure approaches to capacity development the concept of protection is properly (such as e-learning). A new five-year understood and integrated into IDP strategy is also being developed, protection and assistance programmes. building on the 2013-2016 Global CCCM

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Cluster strategic plan. Missions will be In 2017, the GSC will continue to increase undertaken to selected operations in the capacity, predictability and quality order to gather lessons learned from of shelter responses by strengthening the implementation of the CCCM urban coordination, information management, displacement and out-of-camp initiative, and technical coordination in shelter while guidance is being developed interventions. It will also strengthen its on how to adapt camp management engagement with academia, the private approaches to various operational sector and development stakeholders. contexts. Training on humanitarian coordination and increased quality shelter coordination capacity will be provided Global Shelter Cluster (GSC) through collaboration with the IFRC and Oxford Brookes University. The GSC The GSC is led by UNHCR for conflict- will continue to engage with the field to related emergencies and by IFRC for better respond to the needs of operations natural disasters. It provides a range and improve the dissemination of best of support to country shelter clusters, practices, including through country- notably through the deployment of level workshops, training, global GSC trained and experienced shelter cluster events, and using the online platform coordinators in under 72 hours after www.sheltercluster.org, GSC publications cluster is activated. and the “Shelter Projects” website. The GSC will further refine these tools, linking UNHCR leads 11 of the 26 current them to assessment, monitoring, and country-level shelter clusters. The evaluation systems. clusters in Iraq, South Sudan, Syria (including cross-border operations from The year 2017 will mark the end of the Turkey) and Yemen are predicted to GSC 2013-2017 strategy. The GSC is in remain the largest conflict-related shelter the process of developing a new five- clusters in 2017. Partners working in year strategy which will be based on these four countries provided shelter and achievements and lessons learned, CRI support to some 10.6 million people as well as commitments undertaken in 2015 – this was almost 70 per cent of as part of the WHS, the 2030 Agenda the total number of people supported for Sustainable Development, and by active conflict-related shelter clusters contributions from partners. n worldwide.

106 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update News and views

Running from rape in Burundi

This article is an adapted version of a UNHCR news story. 6 May 2016

Even before she speaks, the violence Nicole is among that has torn through Burundi is legible more than 137,000 on Nicole’s skin. The stab mark to her Burundians who have belly, the inch-long gash to her neck and fled to neighbouring the raisin-shaped scar on her scalp from Tanzania since knife blows. Indelible rope burns mark President Pierre her arms and legs, and some of her Nkurunziza teeth are gone, punched out. announced in April 2015 that he would Her trip through hell began with the run for a third term, daily, door-to-door rounds of the ruling sparking a wave of party militia, the Imbonerakure. When protests, security her landlord was unable to pay their crackdowns and © UNHCR/Benjamin Loyseau demand for 10,000 Burundian francs militia violence. Refugees from Burundi queue to be registered in Nduta, ($6.50) it was a fatal mistake on his part. Tanzania. From the harrowing accounts of coming forward. Moreover, with only 30 “We were taken to the river the next day massacres, torture and imprisonment per cent of the funding it needs to help to see him,” she said, stopping to gulp a recounted by those who have fled, a those displaced by the Burundi crisis, glass of water. “He had been slashed on disturbing pattern of rape and sexual UNHCR and its partners are struggling the head and stabbed in the sides and violence is emerging. to provide anything more than life- the belly. His wife had her breasts cut off saving services, such as food, water and was cut open from her genitals to Women are not the only ones targeted and shelter. Long-term programs such head,” she adds. “The children just had for rape. Renate Frech, a UNHCR as specialized counselling, education their throats cut.” senior protection officer working in and skills training, which are crucial in the Tanzania refugee camps, said the preventing and treating sexual violence, At that moment, Nicole* knew she had reported cases of sexual violence might have fallen by the wayside. to gather up her three young sons and only “present a small number of the run. They made it almost to the border reality,” particularly for men. To mitigate the risks of SGBV, UNHCR with Tanzania when they were caught. and its partners are giving women solar With about 60 others, Nicole was taken Survivors in Tanzania are still dealing lanterns, but the camp still needs more to a nearby detention centre, where with the serious consequences from lighting and latrines nearer to homes to “the procedure was that you had to assaults. Some women in the camp reduce the walk for women—especially be severely beaten” for trying to leave are giving birth to babies born of rape. at night—and keep them safer on the Burundi, she said. Nicole was then Some have been rejected by their move. To reduce attacks on women and placed in a cell by herself. She passed husbands, who cite infidelity, or fears of girls walking up to 15 kilometres from out, waking up later with a policeman being infected with HIV. the camp to gather firewood, women raping her. are assisted to build energy-saving UNHCR and its partners are trying stoves.  “I was shouting and struggling, but to provide survivors with medical he did what he wanted,” she said, her treatment, counselling and legal *Names changed for protection reasons trembling fingers struggling to catch services. the tears rolling down her cheeks. She recalled other officers passing by and Reaching survivors is still a challenge, walking away. as a fear of stigma stops many from

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 107 Nigerian refugees line up to collect water in Minawao refugee camp, northern Cameroon. © UNHCR/Johannes Zech

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Emergency response and preparedness is at the core of UNHCR’s work. The timely delivery of protection and assistance plays a critical role in saving the lives of displaced populations.

In recent years, new emergencies, ongoing conflict and protracted crises have triggered record levels of global displacement. While no system-wide IASC Level 3 emergencies were declared in 2016, the Level 3 emergency declarations for Iraq, Syria and Yemen remained in place, as did UNHCR’s own internal emergency declarations for the Burundi, Europe, Iraq, South Sudan, Syria, Uganda and Yemen situations. UNHCR also elevated its internal emergency declaration for Nigeria from level 2 to level 3 in August 2016.

Over the course of 2016, UNHCR also deactivated its emergency declarations for the Central African Republic, Myanmar and Ukraine, as the operational response for these situations was found to have stabilized, and the exceptional mobilization of emergency capacities was no longer required.

Nevertheless, UNHCR maintained emergency arrangements for more than 25 countries as of September 2016.

In this chapter: • Responding to emergencies • Safety from violence and exploitation • Lifesaving support

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RESPONDING TO EMERGENCIES

Emergency preparedness must be placed at the centre of decision- In order to deliver protection and making processes. Given the impetus assistance in a more rapid and effective provided by the Summit, and in line way, UNHCR strengthened its emergency with its commitment working with local preparedness capacity throughout 2016 actors, UNHCR will strengthen local with targeted assistance to countries partnerships in emergency preparedness receiving or foreseen to receive in 2017, and ensure participation of local refugees, the development of analytical communities, displaced populations and tools, and monitoring of preparedness. authorities, as well as with humanitarian As of January 2017, an emergency and development actors. preparedness section will be established to ensure that this work is sustained. In 2016, a joint approach with local actors was developed in consultation In 2016, UNHCR developed and adopted with local and international NGOs. This the High Alert List for Emergency approach, which focuses on mapping Preparedness (HALEP) to monitor the risk and complementing local capacity, of displacement and the organization’s analysis, planning, protection-centred readiness to respond to influxes, preparedness and capacity-building, together with partners and governments. was applied in the United Republic of Ten country operations will be prioritized Tanzania and will be promoted in all in 2017 for targeted, emergency- prioritized HALEP countries, starting with preparedness activities based on the four countries in 2017. HALEP. In 2017, new advance emergency The World Humanitarian Summit, which administration and supply teams will was convened by the UN Secretary be deployed to deteriorating situations General in May 2016, generated a and to assist operations to put in place number of commitments that highlighted preparedness measures. These teams the important role that local actors will assess and improve the support play in emergency preparedness. The services needed to respond to an Summit also reaffirmed that affected emergency including office space, populations are “rights holders” who logistics, warehousing, procurement,

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telecommunication infrastructure, and capacity when technical gaps are accommodation for staff. identified. RERAs have been established with DRC, NRC and OXFAM for expertise UNHCR is also piloting a partnership in CCCM; shelter; community-based model for emergency preparedness – the protection; WASH; housing, land and refugee emergency response agreement property; education; SGBV; health; and (RERA) – to mobilize additional partner cash-based interventions.

Emergency preparedness at UNHCR

UNHCR prioritizes emergency preparedness to ensure that all refugees and IDPs affected by an emergency situation receive protection and humanitarian assistance in a timely, adequate, efficient and dignified manner. To this end, UNHCR will:

• Monitor the capacity of its operations and partners to respond to emergencies in new and ongoing emergencies; • Support inter-agency and global early warning systems; • Undertake preparedness planning at local and national levels with host governments and partners, local authorities and relevant stakeholders, with a focus on mapping and complementing local capacities; • Ensure emergency preparedness and a comprehensive protection response that is based on humanitarian standards, access to rights, the resilience of communities, and accountability to refugees, IDPs and local communities; • Train and prepare humanitarian actors to support the capacity of first responders, as well as to rapidly deploy to emergencies; • Establish strategic supply systems and routes, taking into account local markets and legal and political barriers to the movement of people and commodities; • Pre-position emergency supplies to deploy resources rapidly; • Ensure relevant policy initiatives and priorities are integrated in the response, such as cash-based interventions, alternatives to camps, livelihoods and private sector engagement; • Develop and strengthen deployment capacity with rosters of well-trained protection, emergency management and technical staff.

Emergency response relief and shelter items are also sourced UNHCR’s emergency response locally or regionally where markets and system is immediately activated upon infrastructure allow. the declaration of an IASC system- wide Level 3 emergency or UNHCR In addition, UNHCR emergency stand-by emergency declaration. To ensure teams can be deployed within 72 hours resources are mobilized as quickly as to manage and coordinate a response possible, UNHCR maintains capacity to and address the most urgent needs of dispatch relief items within 48 hours to affected populations. These teams are some 600,000 people. Where feasible, supported by technical specialists in the

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areas of security, prevention and response Emergency classifications to SGBV, health, WASH, programme, supply management, and human UNHCR emergency classifications: UNHCR defines three resources management. Human resource levels of emergency response taking into account the management, supply and programme impact on affected populations, the complexity of the rosters were established in 2015 and situation and the capacity of the Office to respond. A 2016. Finance and administration rosters UNHCR emergency declaration triggers an immediate will be set up in 2017. mobilization of human, financial, and material resources to support the country operation in its response to the UNHCR has existing agreements with crisis. 18 standby partners who will continue to support emergency staff deployments A system-wide Level 3 emergency: the global humanitarian as well as provide technical services system's classification for the most severe crises, which and infrastructure, such as water and require system-wide mobilization to significantly increase sanitation facilities, communication the scope of the response and improve the overall technology, renewable energy, and effectiveness of assistance. They are declared by the office and accommodation facilities. Emergency Relief Coordinator on behalf of the IASC, of To ensure a coordinated inter-agency which UNHCR is an active member. response in emergencies, UNHCR will continue to actively participate in the IASC Emergency Directors Group. n

“It’s a sobering reality that new crises are likely to continue to proliferate, calling for a rapid mobilization of emergency resources, and we are unlikely to see a large-scale comprehensive resolution of major crises in the coming 12 months.” - Filippo Grandi, UN High Commissioner for Refugees at the Consultations with NGOs in June 2016

UNHCR’s stand-by partners

• CANADEM • Netherlands Enterprise Agency • Centers for Disease Control and • Norwegian Directorate for Civil Prevention, United States Protection • Danish Refugee Council • Norwegian Refugee Council • Department for International • RedR Australia Development, United Kingdom of • Save the Children Norway Great Britain and Northern Ireland • Swedish Civil Contingencies • Emergency.lu / Luxembourg Ministry Agency of Foreign Affairs • Swiss Humanitarian Aid Unit, Swiss • German Federal Agency for Agency for Development and Technical Relief Cooperation • iMMAP Inc. • Veolia Environment Foundation • International Humanitarian Partnership • White Helmets Commission, • Irish Aid Argentina

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Anticipated areas of intervention Key achievements targeted in 2017 in 2017

Emergency response, security and supply

Capacities, skills and knowledge fostered and developed

Enhance emergency preparedness nn 70 operations will use the HALEP and diagnostic tool to assess their level of preparedness. nn 10 prioritized country operations at high risk will be supported through tailored preparedness missions and contingency planning workshops, with a focus on mapping and complementing local capacities. nn A platform for early warning, preparedness analysis and contingency planning will be developed. nn RERAs with NGO partners will be tested.

Tools for emergency preparedness and nn UNHCR’s “Emergency handbook" will be updated continuously and made available in Arabic, French and response Spanish. nn Innovative approaches to emergency response will continue to be tested by the UNHCR emergency lab, with focus on participatory assessments and feedback through communicating with communities.

Training for emergency preparedness nn 460 UNHCR and partner staff will be trained on emergency preparedness and response through: 3 and response, security and the supply workshops on emergency management; 1 senior emergency preparedness and response leadership chain programme; 3 situational emergency trainings; 3 emergency management trainings; and 2 inductions to UNHCR emergency response workshops. nn 360 participants will be trained on security through: 2 security management learning programmes; 2 field safety adviser workshops; 5 security management exercises; 3 security risk management workshops; and 1 emergency trauma bag training for field safety advisers. nn 2,000 participants will be trained on supply chain management through e-learning and workshops. nn The Regional Centre for Emergency Preparedness (eCentre) in Bangkok will conduct 14 workshops and trainings for UNHCR and partner staff. Emergency response capacity and effectiveness reinforced

Optimize supply chain for provision of nn Relief items for approximately 600,000 people will be available from UNHCR’s 7 global stockpiles for dispatch shelter and core relief items in within 48 hours. emergencies nn Core relief items will be pre-positioned in regional warehouses in Djibouti and Uganda for rapid delivery to deteriorating situations in East and West Africa. nn Country preparedness plans will be linked to global supply chain planning to better forecast emergency needs. nn 15 experienced supply staff will be trained in emergency responses and participate in UNHCR’s emergency supply roster for a period of two years. nn Supply rules will be adjusted to facilitate a speedy response to emergencies through streamlined procedures and increased local procurement. nn Local and regional market capacity analysis and the use of cash-based interventions in emergencies will be enhanced.

Deploy stand-by emergency nn A range of flexible mechanisms for emergency deployments will be maintained, including agreements with 18 coordination, preparedness and stand-by partners. response teams nn More than 200 staff will be ready to be deployed within 72 hours from UNHCR’s internal rosters, including the senior corporate emergency roster, the emergency response team, and technical rosters for the deployment of supply, human resources, administration, finance and programme staff. nn 12 permanent emergency services staff on stand-by will continue to act as core teams in the first emergency response to provide leadership, inter-agency coordination, and protection, including community-based protection. nn Advance emergency administrative and supply teams will be available for deployment to support country operations which are at high risk of an emergency outbreak.

lll

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lll

Anticipated areas of intervention Key achievements targeted in 2017 in 2017

Inter-agency and strategic partnerships strengthened

Inter-Agency Standing Committee nn UNHCR will continue to work with the IASC Emergency Directors Group; Task Team on Preparedness and (IASC) Resilience and related initiatives; Task Team on Principled Humanitarian Action; UN Crisis Management Working Group; and the Communicating with Disaster-Affected Communities Network. nn 90 participants will be trained through 2 IASC emergency team leadership programmes and 2 workshops on strengthening protection and the response capacity of local partners.

UN Security Management System nn Active participation and contribution in security forums of the Inter-Agency Security Management Network and (UNSMS) the United Nations Security Management System will continue. nn The UN Programme Criticality Steering Group will be supported through effective representation in the Programme Criticality Coordination Team. Policy development strengthened

UNHCR emergency policies and nn UNHCR’s “Policy on emergency response activation, leadership and accountabilities” will be revised and procedures updated based on lessons learned from emergencies in 2015 and 2016. nn 2 real-time assessments of emergencies will be conducted and the lessons learned will be incorporated into training programmes and ongoing activities. Security management reinforced as an organizational culture

Implement the plan of action to nn Operations will be continually assessed to ensure appropriate risk mitigation measures are in place. strengthen the culture of security within UNHCR nn The security policy will be reviewed, and security aspects will be integrated into relevant UNHCR policies. nn Security risk mitigation strategies for operations will be continually reviewed and monitored to ensure that operations are prepared for varying threats and able to respond to the needs of affected populations. nn Security guidance on UNHCR and UNSMS policy issues will be provided to management, security advisers and staff. nn Security structures and equipment will continue to meet appropriate standards and organizational needs through technical assessments of equipment and the maintenance of a stockpile of global equipment.

Safety from violence and exploitation

Activities and programmes that seek Measures to prevent and address SGBV to prevent and respond to SGBV are are multi-faceted and complimentary. accorded the highest priority from Prevention alone is not effective without the onset of all emergencies and are response mechanisms, and response planned, programmed and implemented cannot be fully effective without as non-negotiable features of UNHCR’s prevention. This requires coordinated response to displacement. Life- action from a wide range of stakeholders, threatening outcomes can result from including communities, civil society, and SGBV, including homicide, suicide, the State entities. potential for increased rates of maternal and infant mortality, as well as AIDS- UNHCR remains deeply committed to related mortality. Other consequences bringing all concerned actors together include physical pain, emotional and to put in place effective and accessible psychological harm, and the loss of SGBV prevention and response systems. social status when survivors of SGBV are The Office will continue providing driven into further poverty, isolated and dedicated technical support to emergency stigmatized, even by their own families. operations, including through the

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deployment of Senior Protection Officers depression, anxiety, fear, shame, (SGBV), in order to address needs in a and suicidal thoughts and behaviour. timely, compassionate and confidential Community workers and trained female manner. A non-discriminatory approach peer counsellors play a critical role in to SGBV prevention and response is providing support for survivors, and fundamental, and UNHCR will continue UNHCR will continue to invest in building to advocate for this principle to become their capacity to do so. standard in all humanitarian settings. Access to justice is also a critical Addressing SGBV during and beyond component of prevention and response humanitarian emergencies remains activities; ensuring perpetrators are a complex, global task. Effectively brought to justice has implications responding to SGBV requires strong beyond the individual survivor, sending leadership, political will, cooperation at a strong message to communities about all levels and dedicated resources and the rule of law. Nevertheless, a number expertise. Where these factors have of barriers can limit the ability of SGBV come together in humanitarian settings, survivors to access justice, including the clear and positive results have been lack of sufficient knowledge or resources possible. UNHCR will continue prioritizing of law enforcement agencies to respond its efforts to strengthen and refine its appropriately, difficulties encountered leadership and approaches in this key when prosecuting perpetrators, as well area of protection. as social stigma and fear of retaliation. However, important strides are being made in supporting survivors’ access Responding to SGBV to legal recourse. UNHCR will continue providing governments with technical Through its advocacy with governments support so that survivors seeking legal and collaboration with partners redress can do so in a secure and timely and local communities, UNHCR will manner. continue investing in a key set of services underpinning SGBV response The Office works to ensure that programming: medical care; psychosocial protective and safe environments support; safety and security; and are available to all survivors of SGBV. access to justice. As part of the medical Recognizing that building protective response, for example, more can be environments starts at the grassroots done to ensure that all rape survivors level, increased community awareness have timely access to post-exposure and strengthened local capacity are prophylaxis in order to prevent HIV needed to prevent and address SGBV. infection. Access to timely mental Further, greater focus should be placed health and psychosocial support for on working within existing community survivors helps address the emotional structures and national institutions to and psychological consequences of forge and reinforce partnerships with SGBV, such as post-traumatic stress, relevant stakeholders.

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Preventing SGBV Incorporating community-based and gender-sensitive measures into As with response activities, initiatives the planning, implementation, and to prevent SGBV are equally lifesaving monitoring of WASH, shelter, as well and need to be implemented from the as fuel and energy programmes, can onset of displacement. Preventing SGBV also reduce the risk of multiple forms requires identifying, understanding, of SGBV. For example, sufficient and and addressing its root causes and appropriate levels of community and contributing factors. This requires household lighting can reduce the immediate action as well as sustained, risk of SGBV by influencing security long-term prevention strategies and social dynamics at night. While aimed at attitudinal and behavioural important innovations have been made change. UNHCR engages in a number in community-level lighting, far more of prevention activities alongside needs to be done in ensuring that all communities, local partners, and sectoral experts are fully aware of and government authorities, including to: conversant in their role to prevent ensure safe access to basic needs; SGBV. To achieve this, the Office will mitigate risks through physical protection; continue providing guidance and promote gender equality; and address training, supporting innovative ideas, legal or policy frameworks to end and strengthening collaboration. n impunity.

Lifesaving support

Cash-based interventions The increased use of CBIs gives people who have minimal or no income the ability UNHCR began using cash-based to make their own choices about how to interventions (CBIs) in the mid-1980s, meet their needs in a dignified manner. It and their use has grown across sectors also contributes to the local economy and and regions. In 2014, the expanded helps build positive relations between and systematic use of CBIs became refugees and host populations. a corporate priority, and the Office has since been increasing its efforts While CBIs are expanding rapidly, the to enhance the use of this modality of cash modality is not yet used in all assistance. UNHCR is now implementing operations and sectors to its full potential. CBIs in more than 60 countries, ranging To remedy this, UNHCR developed a five- from large-scale, multi-purpose cash year “Strategy for Institutionalization of grants to smaller-scale sectoral cash CBIs (2016-2020)” and policy on CBIs to assistance and cash to strengthen support the systematic, expanded and the protection of vulnerable people of innovative use of CBIs. concern.

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UNHCR is focusing on the implementation Implementing cash-based of the following three main objectives: interventions

1. Meeting its Grand Bargain commitment To meet its key objectives, UNHCR will to “scale up cash assistance where focus on a number of priorities in 2017. appropriate, with the aim to double the amount of funds programmed for CBIs Providing country-specific support: in aid delivery by the end of 2020”. UNHCR’s long-term focus is to expand the systematic use of CBIs in 2. Continuing to increase CBI all operations. At least 11 additional “proficiency” at all levels, across all countries (Afghanistan, the Republic of functions and operations, supported the Congo, the Democratic Republic by a robust CBI infrastructure and of the Congo, Ethiopia, the Islamic related capacity-building initiatives. Republic of Iran, Kenya, Niger, Rwanda, In 2020, all operations will be able to Somalia, Sudan and Uganda) will receive consider and use CBIs in the same dedicated and sustained technical way as in-kind assistance. support during 2017 to scale up the use of CBIs. In addition, all countries 3. Supporting host governments, implementing CBIs will receive guidance. strengthening strategic partnerships and building new alliances for Preparedness and emergency response: expanding the use of CBIs to meet UNHCR will systematically consider the the protection and solutions needs of feasibility of using CBIs at all stages of refugees and other people of concern response, from preparedness to durable to UNHCR, so they may live in dignity. solutions. Preparedness efforts will build on achievements in 2016, such as the four Successful realization of these objectives comprehensive feasibility assessments will require the active engagement of host and related trainings conducted in governments and the full spectrum of Afghanistan, Myanmar, Nigeria and UNHCR’s partners, notably sister agencies Uganda. UNHCR and partners will factor of the United Nations, NGOs, development the results into contingency plans, actors, private sector service providers and which will serve as a model for CBIs and CBI networks and alliances. The Office is emergency preparedness. The inter- committed to working through collaborative agency team will also conduct additional approaches that maximize synergies with, feasibility assessments, including in and the comparative advantages of, other Burundi and Niger. actors. UNHCR will further ensure that, pursuant to the Comprehensive Refugee Building the capacity of staff and Response Framework, CBIs are designed partners: UNHCR will strengthen the to leverage national development systems knowledge and capabilities for CBIs, and existing social safety nets. including among partners, through

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Cash-Based Interventions in UNHCR

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Cash-Based Interventions in UNHCR

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expert deployments, technical missions Initiatives will build on good practice and training. Some 650 staff, including such as the CBI information management 50 partner staff, received training on the system, currently in use in Lebanon, use of CBIs in 2016, and this will increase in accordance with the “Policy on the to 850 UNHCR and partner staff in 2017. protection of personal data of persons of The Office will also strengthen technical concern to UNHCR”. support to country operations, building on almost 300 working days of technical Embedding CBIs in broader protection support extended to some 20 countries and solutions strategies: UNHCR in 2016. CBIs will also be incorporated will accelerate the use of cash for into existing and new training, building strengthening protection of the on the access provided to all staff to a most vulnerable people of concern, learning programme on CBIs in 2016. building on good practices such as the cash for protection programme in Maximizing effectiveness, efficiency Lebanon. Protection considerations will and innovation: UNHCR will avoid continue to be included in all aspects the creation of parallel systems when of CBI programming, including through implementing CBIs. Building on existing protection risk analyses; age, gender mechanisms, the Office will pursue a and diversity mainstreaming; and data “common cash facility approach” through protection. UNHCR will also advocate financial service providers that reduces for the inclusion of refugees and other duplication, creates synergies and people of concern in broader national increases coordination with partners. protection and safety nets, building on This approach, already in place in successes in countries such as Costa countries such as Jordan and Lebanon, Rica, the Islamic Republic of Iran and provides UNHCR and its partners equal Uganda. Protection training on CBIs and direct access to financial service and direct support to operations on providers. Using private sector financial protection strategy development will and mobile cash transfer capabilities, continue, drawing on lessons learned in UNHCR will seek to increase direct Malawi, Myanmar, Niger, Rwanda, South implementation, which amounted to Africa, Sudan and the United Republic of $214.6 million in 2015. The Office will Tanzania in 2016. also strengthen engagement with partners on aspects such as assessment, Building the evidence base and response analysis, targeting, community developing guidance: UNHCR and outreach and monitoring, which are partners will proactively enhance and critical to carrying out CBIs successfully. promote common research, as well as monitoring and evaluation, to build Ensuring sound financial control: a body of evidence on the impact of Following the 2016 review of the end-to- CBIs. For example, the “CBIs for health end delivery of CBIs conducted in Jordan, programmes in refugee settings” review Lebanon and Somalia in collaboration concluded in 2016 that the success with PricewaterhouseCoopers, UNHCR of a health programme using CBIs will develop and implement a robust depends on several factors that must CBI financial control framework that will be considered before implementation, eventually be applied in all operations. such as understanding barriers and

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Anticipated areas of intervention Key achievements targeted in 2017 in 2017

Basic needs and essential services

Cash-based interventions (CBIs)

Enable UNHCR operations to nn Operations with limited capacity to implement CBIs will be provided with targeted support to assess, design, systematically consider and implement implement and monitor their use. CBIs nn Operations with ongoing CBIs will receive support to address emerging issues throughout implementation. nn CBI experts will be deployed to selected operations.

Ensure CBIs are incorporated into nn The action plan for UNHCR’s “Strategy for the Institutionalization of CBIs (2016-2020)” will continue to be Headquarters functions implemented. nn The capacity of UNHCR will be strengthened to mainstream the use of CBIs into UNHCR functions.

Continue to build the capacity of nn The learning programme on CBIs will accept 4 cohorts in 2017, and online learning modules will be made UNHCR to consider, implement and available to all staff. monitor CBIs nn CBIs will continue to be incorporated into sectoral trainings. nn CBIs will be incorporated into staff trainings for different functional areas, emergencies and senior management.

Conduct reviews, and develop tools nn Reviews in areas such as child protection, SGBV and livelihoods will be conducted to inform programming on and guidance on CBIs CBIs for these areas. nn Operational guidance based on evidence will be developed.

obstacles for refugees in accessing 2. Improving the response to conflict- health services. In 2017, the findings of related large-scale emergencies research and reviews on child protection, by supporting country-level shelter SGBV, education, WASH, shelter and clusters and coordinating the Global livelihoods will inform the development Shelter Cluster. of operational guidance on CBIs in these areas. 3. Improving the range of shelter solutions available to UNHCR operations worldwide through Shelter and settlement research and development, and the adoption of innovative technologies. UNHCR’s “Global strategy for settlement and shelter (2014-2018)” will be in its 4. Engaging with relevant partners and penultimate year of implementation in external entities within the sector 2017. In order to achieve its objectives, the to develop shelter and settlement organization focuses on four overarching research methodologies and good areas of intervention: practices.

1. The design of integrated responses Meeting the shelter and settlement connecting shelter and settlement needs of people of concern to UNHCR in to other crucial sectors such as emergency situations remains a priority protection, WASH, health, livelihoods, for the organization. In parallel, the education and the environment. Office continues to pursue integrated

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and sustainable responses through the urban sectoral responses, including “Master Plan” approach (see Glossary), implementing hosting arrangements and which are linked to the local and national establishing collective centres. Building development plans of host communities. on lessons learned from operations This approach promotes access to shared such as Lebanon, UNHCR is committed and improved infrastructure such as to exploring research methodologies to schools, health centres and markets for clarify the impact and feasibility of the use both refugees and host communities. of CBIs in shelter programmes in country- For example, UNHCR is working specific contexts. with local authorities and partners in Chad to support the transition of the Building on past achievements, such as Amboko and Gondje camps towards the development of the self-standing self-sufficient settlements, including family tent and lessons learned from the to map the presence and capacity of refugee crisis in Europe, UNHCR will shared infrastructure, such as health and engage in further research and develop education facilities, to address the needs a standard winterization kit with partners of both displaced and host communities. such as IFRC and ICRC. In line with UNHCR’s “Global strategy for settlement To ensure field practitioners are equipped and shelter (2014-2018)”, these efforts with the essential tools to deliver such will seek to apply innovative technologies responses, UNHCR will continue capacity- while complementing the cultural practices building through dedicated technical and way of life of people of concern. training for its staff and partners, incorporating standard design templates to roll out the physical site planning toolkit From emergency to to all operations implementing shelter and sustainable shelter solutions settlement programmes. For decades, UNHCR has had to urgently Given the growing prominence of respond to sudden onset emergencies urban displacement and the challenges and provide suitable emergency shelter to of delivering effective assistance in affected populations quickly and efficiently. urban settings, UNHCR will strengthen UNHCR has three global shelter solutions: engagement with partners, including the standard family tent, the framed family academia and the private sector. The tent, and the refugee housing unit. These Office will also aim to ensure the can be deployed to any part of the world, availability of practical tools to establish depending on the context.

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While there is no global, one-size-fits-all coordinated fashion from the onset of shelter solution, emergency responses often an emergency, and providing assistance involve the provision of tents. Although tents appropriate to the context while avoiding have a limited lifespan in varying climatic duplication of services during all the conditions, their advantage is the short stages of the displacement. While many time it takes to install them, which allows refugees live in urban contexts – two affected people to be sheltered as quickly as out of every three refugees settle in possible. Nevertheless, a variety of shelter towns or cities globally – rural refugee options are required to respond to the settlements remain a feature of the global changing needs in the different settings in displacement landscape, in particular in which UNHCR operates. large-scale emergencies.

Further, of particular importance are Building on its longstanding experience shelter assistance programmes geared in managing camps and similar structures, towards more durable and sustainable including lessons learned from the recent solutions. These should maximize the refugee crisis in Europe, UNHCR will work use of local material, skills and building with national authorities to strengthen techniques whenever possible. To support their capacity for field coordination and this evolution, UNHCR developed the site management, as well as continuing “Shelter design catalogue”, containing to build the capacity of UNHCR staff and shelter designs developed across a variety partners. The Office will also ensure that of locations, contexts and climates. This vital inter-sectorial linkages are made, publication will assist sector specialists in such as with protection, WASH, health, implementing a phased shelter response environment, education and livelihoods. through more predictable planning and UNHCR will prioritize the development of implementation. guidance and selection of good practices to effectively manage formal and informal settlements in a sustainable manner that Site management and benefit refugees, host communities and coordination national systems. This includes examining how camp closure and decommissioning UNHCR is committed to meeting of communal structures are put into the needs of people of concern in a practice.

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Anticipated areas of intervention Key achievements targeted in 2017 in 2017

Shelter and settlement

Populations are able to satisfy their settlement and shelter needs in a safe, dignified and sustainable manner

Implement the UNHCR “Global strategy nn 100% of target countries (20 target countries in 2017) will develop comprehensive shelter and settlement for settlement and shelter (2014-2018)” strategies. nn The “Master Plan” approach will be implemented in 3 additional operations.

Continue professional development of nn Dedicated training will be conducted for shelter and settlement practitioners. shelter and settlement staff and partners to enable the design of nn SGBV mitigation measures will be mainstreamed in all shelter and settlement training. integrated responses (“Alternatives to nn The site planning toolkit will be rolled out to all UNHCR country operations. camps” policy and “Master Plan” approach) nn Practical tools for the implementation of shelter and settlement programmes in urban contexts will be developed. nn Cash for shelter guidelines will be developed. nn A complementary e-learning module on settlements will be developed.

Ensure the systematic deployment of nn Technical experts will be on standby to respond to emergency needs. senior shelter and settlement staff at the onset of emergencies nn Talent outreach initiatives will be strengthened and combined with capacity-building efforts.

Improve the range of shelter solutions nn Engagement with relevant partners and external entities will be strengthened to further research and develop available to UNHCR operations innovative solutions. nn A standard winterization toolkit will be developed.

Public health Communicable diseases remain the major Ensuring access to health care for cause of illness in refugee communities. refugees in both emergency and UNHCR and partners pursue a protracted settings is a key component comprehensive approach to disease control of UNHCR’s protection mandate and an and engages with national programmes to operational priority. While the approach include refugees in prevention, detection employed to address these needs is and response measures. In this regard, the dependent on the context, UNHCR Office also strengthens case management, provides direct technical support as community mobilization and multi-sectoral well as operational guidance to country preparedness and response measures, such operations and partners. The rapid as immunization and WASH interventions. deployment of technical health care experts to emergencies in order to The expanded programme on address the main causes of morbidity and immunization (EPI) is considered one of mortality is key to an effective response. the most cost-efficient preventive health Expanding the inclusion of refugees in interventions for childhood survival. In national health-care systems will also 2015, the average measles coverage in continue to be a major focus, as outlined refugee camp settings improved to 90 in UNHCR’s “Global strategy for public per cent; 2016 efforts are on track to health (2014-2018)”. achieve the same level of coverage. To

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further improve EPI services, UNHCR low-cost, high-impact interventions such will continue reviewing programmatic as thermal care, resuscitation and early effectiveness, ensuring timely initiation of breastfeeding. In 2017, UNHCR interventions, and advocating to reduce aims to maintain or reduce mortality levels risks associated with vaccine-preventable of children under five years of age in 44 disease outbreaks. situations where refugees live in camps or settlements. Improving childhood survival rates, including reducing preventable mortality among UNHCR will enhance the provision children under five during the first six months of reproductive health services as of an emergency, remains a core strategic an integral part of its public health objective. In 2015, UNHCR recorded the programmes. The Office will work with lowest mortality rate among children under partners to implement this, with early five since 2010. However, infant mortality expansion to comprehensive reproductive accounted for 42 per cent of all under- health services. Particular emphasis will five deaths reported in refugee camps, be given to improving access to, and the with a large proportion of these occurring quality of, comprehensive emergency in the month following birth. To address obstetric care and services for SGBV this, UNHCR will continue expanding and survivors. While their availability continues strengthening measures to improve survival to increase, services must be improved in rates in the first month after birth through terms of quality and utilization.

Anticipated areas of intervention Key achievements targeted in 2017 in 2017

Basic needs and essential services

Health status of the population improved

Strengthen interventions to reduce the nn Updated EPI monitoring tools will be introduced in at least 10 operations. incidence and impact of communicable diseases, including outbreaks

Improve access to expanded non- nn Refugee sites in 6 countries will be provided with a package of services to improve management of non- communicable disease services at communicable diseases (an increase from 3 countries in 2016). primary health care level

Support and strengthen provision of nn The integration of mental health in primary health care will be completed in 5 countries through interactive mental health services through primary capacity-building and supervision workshops. care providers

Improve the availability of health nn An updated health information system will be implemented in all applicable countries by the end of 2017. information to support public health decision-making People of concern have optimal access to reproductive health and HIV services

Take measures to improve access to nn More than 80% of countries where UNHCR supports health services will have coverage rates of skilled birth skilled attendance at delivery attendance above 90%.

Expand the availability of essential nn At least 5 sites in at least 3 countries will be implementing a complete package of essential neonatal care. neonatal care

Take measures to improve access to a nn ART and prevention of mother-to-child transmission services will be made available to refugees in sites across comprehensive range of HIV services 3 countries where they are currently not available.

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Partnerships and negative impacts that may be associated collaboration with a new settlement, especially when established in fragile environments. For more information on UNHCR’s Master planning is a continuous process collaboration and partnerships, please that frames the overall assistance strategy. see the chapter on Supporting UNHCR’s It is dynamic and should reflect changing work. priorities, population movements and profiles, and be informed by regular detailed assessments and consultations Shelter and settlement among various stakeholders, including the inhabitants. UNHCR places particular emphasis on building long-lasting partnerships to provide efficient and quality shelter UNHCR continues to invest in improving responses in emergency situations. the range of shelter solutions and The support of the Autodesk core relief items available to country Foundation, ECHO, Microdesk, and operations through the research and the Swiss Agency for Development development of innovative products, and Cooperation, has been crucial to together with the ICRC and IFRC. The ensuring the development of innovative Office will also work to further develop and sustainable shelter and settlement the Refugee Housing Unit, a housing solutions. Further collaboration solution that is designed to last for three with UNITAR’s Operational Satellite years and shelter a family of five, in Applications Programme (UNOSAT) collaboration with Better Shelter. continues to strengthen the design and planning of settlements. Health and nutrition

UNHCR is strengthening dialogue UNHCR is committed to improving the with academia and the private sector provision of public health and nutrition to encourage the sharing of technical services for people of concern. Meeting knowledge. In order to ensure the healthcare needs of refugees in that refugees are included in local emergency situations is a priority for development plans, UNHCR is working the Office, while at the same time, with national and local authorities, along pursuing the mainstreaming of refugees with partners such as UN-Habitat in in national health care systems. To Kenya and Mozambique, to implement this end, UNHCR works with national the “Master plan approach”. Developed authorities and maintains longstanding with Stanford University and Ennead partnerships with UNFPA and UNICEF to Architects, this planning concept anchors provide reproductive health supplies and refugees within national and local vaccines respectively, as well as playing services, infrastructure and the economy, an active role as a member of the WHO- helping to mitigate some of the perceived led Global Health Cluster.

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The Office is at the forefront of the WASH response to address HIV in humanitarian situations and is expanding its UNHCR leads WASH sector coordination partnership with the Global Fund to meet in refugee responses and has RERAs critical gaps in care services for HIV, with Oxfam and IRC to encourage more tuberculosis and malaria infections in predictable delivery of life-saving WASH emergencies. UNHCR is also a UNAIDS services during refugee emergencies. co-sponsor and together with WFP co-leads the Inter-agency Task Force UNHCR is a member of UN-Water, and on Addressing HIV in Humanitarian is actively involved in its joint steering Settings. group. During protracted refugee situations and in cases where refugees UNHCR is collaborating with research are hosted in local communities, institutions and academia to support collaboration with development efforts to build an evidence-base agencies will continue to improve the to improve health programming. In Office’s ability to support long-term 2017, the Office will also engage with access to WASH services for refugees research consortia in the Africa and the by, for example, adopting more cost- Middle East and North Africa regions to efficient technology. These partnerships implement scalable mental health and also encourage the harmonization of psychosocial support interventions. service provision to host communities, as well as the integration of refugee WASH Food security and livelihoods services within national structures, in line with national development goals. 2017 will see the introduction and initial implementation of the 2016- UNHCR’s MoU with UNICEF envisages 2020 joint UNHCR-WFP “Strategy joint trainings on WASH in emergencies for enhancing self-reliance for food for standby partner organizations such security and nutrition in protracted as DRC, Irish Aid, MSB, NRC, RedR and refugee situations”, which aims to SDC. In 2017, UNHCR will continue to reduce dependence on humanitarian work with academic institutions, the assistance and see refugees attain private sector and other organizations greater self-reliance in food security such as the UNESCO-IHE Institute for and nutrition. In 2017, UNHCR and WFP Water Education, the Humanitarian will continue to collaborate on refining Innovation Fund, as well as Tufts, targeting methodology to ensure that Cranfield and Loughborough universities food assistance reaches those most in to develop cost-effective and sustainable need. WASH solutions.

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Food security and nutrition ensuring close and coordinated follow- up with vulnerable families. Multi-sectoral efforts are required to make significant and lasting In many contexts refugees have limited improvements to nutritional status and access to land, employment and freedom child survival. In this regard, UNHCR will of movement. Food assistance is often a focus on activities contributing to the crucial component of their food security. prevention of all forms of malnutrition Ensuring quality and quantity of food while continuing to ensure treatment for assistance and targeting it to the most people who are already malnourished. vulnerable families is increasingly important. To improve the effectiveness A nutrition roadmap, which will and accuracy of targeting methodology, consolidate proven interventions, UNHCR will work with WFP to review procedures and guidelines, will drive experiences in targeting assistance and activities in 2017. UNHCR will continue to develop global guidance on Targeting of roll out an infant and young child feeding Food Assistance. (IYCF) framework, drawing in actors from all sectors in a cost-effective and Effective monitoring is needed to nutrition-sensitive manner, for example, determine the nutritional and food by: reinforcing linkages and activities security status of refugees and whether between maternal services and infant they are resorting to negative coping care and feeding; prioritizing infants mechanisms to meet their food needs. In and their families for access to water, 2017, UNHCR will update its food security sanitation and shelter; highlighting the and nutrition monitoring systems to allow specific needs of infants and young for expanded monitoring and analysis of children among protection actors; and the situation and programmes.

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Anticipated areas of intervention Key achievements targeted in 2017 in 2017

Basic needs and essential services

Food security and nutritional well-being improved

Expand the use of the IYCF framework nn The various elements of the IYCF framework and the nutrition road map will be implemented in at least 7 and nutrition roadmap refugee contexts.

Strengthen linkages between nn Joint programming will be implemented in at least 3 refugee situations. reproductive health services and nutrition

Expand self-reliance projects for food nn Self-reliance projects for improved food security and nutrition will be developed in at least 2 refugee security and nutrition situations. nn Joint assessment missions (JAMs) will be gradually expanded to include more documentation of livelihoods and self-reliance strategies in refugee communities.

Improve availability of data to support nn The standardized expanded nutrition surveys (SENS) will be revised based on a review of evidence collected nutrition and food security decision between 2011 and 2016. making

Improve joint programming at country nn Concrete plans of actions will be developed following 75% of JAMs. level

Strengthen food security monitoring in nn Food security information will be collected in selected self-reliance and livelihoods projects. the context of livelihood initiatives to better assess impact

Improve targeting methods for refugee nn Targeting approaches for food assistance will be reviewed, and guidance developed. food assistance

Water, sanitation and protracted displacement, the organization hygiene (WASH) will support the development of multi- year WASH strategies and site-level In situations where UNHCR provides operational plans to determine needs and emergency lifesaving WASH services to gaps, measure progress made against those fleeing conflict and persecution, indicators, and develop a common the Office will continue ensuring rapid understanding of short (emergency), and effective response through needs medium (post-emergency), and long- assessments, making available tools for term (protracted) interventions. Strategies rapid analysis of data, and the timely and operational plans will be developed deployment of experts. In addition, through a collaborative approach, taking the Office will expand the number of into account the principles of refugee emergency WASH items available under protection, cost-effectiveness and procurement frame agreements and in its sustainability. Country operations will global stockpiles. also continue implementing solar water pumping and sanitation “waste to value” Where UNHCR provides long-term solutions, as well as cash-for-WASH WASH services for people affected by programmes, where appropriate.

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In line with SDG 6, “Sustainable water and out the WASH monitoring system, the sanitation for all”, UNHCR will strengthen standardized knowledge attitudes and advocacy for refugees and displaced practice (KAP) survey, the borehole people in protracted situations to be database, WASH infrastructure mapping, included in national WASH development and WASH costing tools for improved plans. Evidence-based programming gap analysis and informed resource will be strengthened by further rolling allocation. n

Anticipated areas of intervention Key achievements targeted in 2017 in 2017

Basic needs and essential services

Supply of potable water increased or maintained, and affected populations live in satisfactory conditions of sanitation and hygiene

Improve rapid and effective response nn An additional 6 commonly used emergency WASH items will be made available under framework agreements to WASH in emergencies and global stockpiles.

Strengthen evidence-based nn Monitoring mechanisms (monthly report card and standardized KAP survey) will be rolled out to 6 additional programming countries for improved gap analysis and resource allocation.

Support the development of multi-year nn 3 priority countries will be supported to develop multi-year WASH strategies and site-level operational plans in WASH strategies and site-level WASH order to provide a clear overview of the WASH situation, needs and gaps, progress against indicators, and a operational plans description of the agreed short (emergency), medium (post-emergency), and long-term (protracted) plans.

Develop innovative solutions for cost nn 2 country operations will receive support to progress with implementing solar water pumping and sanitation effective and sustainable WASH ‘waste to value’ solutions. solutions in protracted situations. nn 2 country operations will be supported in cash-for-WASH programmes.

132 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update News and views Blind Salvadoran couple play dead to flee gang threat

This article is an adapted version of a UNHCR news story. 29 June 2016

MEXICO CITY, Mexico | When gun- toting gang thugs pumped round after round into their home in El Salvador, blind couple Rosario and Victor* grabbed their daughter and threw themselves onto the floor to dodge the bullets.

Minutes later, several figures they could not see broke into the house as they lay huddled on the ground. Victor had draped himself protectively over 10-year-old Natalia and Rosario, who thought they were about to die.

“I was paralyzed, dead throughout every part of my body,” Rosario says, © UNHCR weeping as she relives the terror. “But Blind Salvadoran refugee Rosario* reaches out for her husband Victor’s then we realized it was the police and I hand. started to breathe again.” “I was not dead, but I felt as though I With the assistance of UNHCR, the The family had been hounded by the was,” says Rosario. Once clear of the family was transferred to another gang, who demanded $500 in “rent” neighbourhood, they joined thousands shelter, one with better facilities for the for the two massage therapy clinics of people fleeing the street gangs visually handicapped. they ran in the Salvadoran capital. – or “maras”– whose crimes range When the gang doubled its extortion from murder, rape and extortion to “Thousands of men, women and children demand, the family shut the businesses drug dealing, kidnapping and human are now fleeing gang violence in El and moved house several times to trafficking. Salvador, which is now one of the world’s escape their tormenters. most violent countries,” said Mark Manly, The police took them close to the UNHCR’s representative in Mexico. Easily recognizable because of their border with Guatemala, leaving Rosario grey canes, the gang found them and Victor in the care of Natalia. “We “Like Rosario and Victor, many have time and again but, recognizing their were safe but with nothing but our faced extreme risks and are in urgent vulnerability, the police came up with pyjamas,” Victor recalls. “We had need of protection.” a novel – if macabre – way of spiriting just $20 that we borrowed when we the family to safety. crossed into Guatemala, guided all the The couple sought, and were granted, way by our daughter.” asylum in Mexico, where they are They should play dead. finding a measure of peace. Rosario Once there, they spent two days and Victor would like to start their Placing them on stretchers and sleeping on the street with no food. massage therapy business again, covering them with a shroud-like white They were finally helped by a truck although they still worry about the sheet, the police carried the family out driver who helped them cross the reach of the gangs.  of the house and through the streets of border to Mexico, where they sought their ramshackle neighbourhood. help at a shelter for migrants. *Names have been changed for protection reasons.

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 133 Afghan refugee women attend an English class at the Schistos site in Greece. © UNHCR/Achilleas Zavallis

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While the number of people displaced globally has continued to rise dramatically, durable solutions for refugees are becoming ever-more elusive. Despite some positive examples, voluntary repatriation is at its lowest level in three decades and possibilities for local integration remain limited. With so many refugees and IDPs facing years of displacement complicated by few prospects of improved conditions, a growing number of them has sought protection and solutions by undertaking dangerous onward journeys to other States, giving rise to significant protection risks.

On 19 September 2016, UN Member States adopted the “New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants”, committing to develop a Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework for emergencies, as well as long-standing situations of forced displacement. A key goal of the Framework is to encourage greater international cooperation to find solutions for refugees, including through the predictable and timely expansion of resettlement and complementary pathways to provide protection and solutions for refugees.

UNHCR’s “Global strategy for livelihoods” (2014-2018) continues to transform the organization’s approach to fostering self- reliance among refugees and other people of concern, as well as to achieve comprehensive solutions. The ultimate goal of the Office’s livelihood interventions is to enable all people of concern to earn a safe and sustainable living that allows them to meet their basic needs, contributes to their dignity and provides for the full enjoyment of their rights. In addition, it also contributes to comprehensive solutions that address social, cultural, civil and political rights, as well as economic. Achieving protection objectives through national systems – a goal of UNHCR’s rule of law and governance engagement – is another important part of this multi-dimensional approach to seeking solutions from the outset of displacement.

In this chapter: • Pathways to solutions • Livelihoods and self-reliance • Finding alternatives to camps • Providing access to energy

Pathways to solutions

Multi-year, multi-partner Voluntary repatriation planning Voluntary repatriation – supported where A central pillar of UNHCR’s approach appropriate by development assistance to solutions is multi-year, multi-partner to facilitate sustainable reintegration – planning. Building on lessons learned remains the preferred solution of many from ongoing pilots in Costa Rica, refugees. The decision to repatriate Ecuador, Ghana, Senegal, Uganda and voluntarily is an individual one that is the United Republic of Tanzania, 15 more affected by a range of factors, including operations will develop multi-year, the circumstances surrounding flight and multi-partner protection and solutions conditions for return. strategies for the next three to five years. The strategies are instrumental In 2017, UNHCR will remain focused on in maintaining a longer-term focus on supporting free and informed decision- achieving solutions, while ensuring that making, and on ensuring the best immediate needs are addressed and decision-making environment possible that the rights of people of concern for assisted voluntary repatriation. In host are protected. In 2017, regional and countries and regions, protection teams country operations engaging in multi- will continue structured dialogue with year, multi-partner planning for solutions refugees and IDPs to better understand will receive technical support on issues their intentions, as well as the obstacles such as alternative stay arrangements to safe and dignified voluntary return. and promoting access to socio-cultural, economic, and civil-political rights and In countries and regions of return, services. UNHCR will continue protection and

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return monitoring and reporting, Collaboration with partners on focusing on residents’ priorities in community-based initiatives to support return areas. UNHCR will work with greater connections between returnees returnees and those who did not flee, and national civil society is critical in as well as governments, civil society order to identify and collectively address and international partners to ensure that protection objectives. UNHCR will also information on the situation in countries continue advocating the maintenance of of origin is verified and includes in protection space in asylum countries and particular analysis of peacebuilding, regions of displacement so that neither justice and security issues that may affect refugees nor IDPs feel compelled to the sustainability of return or trigger return home prematurely. reintegration tensions. Such tensions might, for example, be triggered by unresolved housing, land and property Local integration issues; representative participation in UNHCR continues to pursue a decision-making fora; and difficulties comprehensive approach to local reintegrating into the labour market. integration. As part of the Office’s commitment to exploring all pathways to Interventions by UNHCR and its partners solutions for the displaced, UNHCR will in return areas are designed to meet local strengthen its analysis of opportunities needs, and might include collaborating for naturalization or permanent residency on programming with development for refugees, and local registration for actors, as well as support for returnee IDPs. Especially in situations where participation in transitional justice displacement is long-standing, the Office initiatives; land restitution programmes; will continue advocating for opportunities conflict resolutions mechanisms; and for some individuals to take up local regional priority setting on education, solutions, including for those who have healthcare, livelihoods, civil registration connections to their host communities and infrastructure programming that is through marriage, business and cultural inclusive of all residents. ties.

Monitoring and reporting on return People’s different experiences mean that conditions and protection risks and multiple solutions need to be available at obstacles are particularly important in the same time. This means that even when places where individuals return, despite voluntary repatriation becomes an option conditions not yet being conducive for some, legal local integration needs to to large-scale safe and durable remain available for others. Exploration repatriation. It is particularly important of options with countries and regions where refugees and IDPs need to make of asylum for some people’s continued decisions, when conditions are not ideal residence in places where they have built for UNHCR to focus on ensuring that their lives will include work with regional all refugees have access to balanced bodies, and with host governments and information, and to undertake advocacy mixed communities in hosting areas, so in both areas of refuge and return to that displaced populations can benefit address the priorities and questions of from all possible opportunities for stable people of concern. and secure futures.

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The inclusion of refugees and IDPs in The scope of resettlement has local schools supports socio-cultural significantly expanded in recent years, engagement with host communities. with many States increasing their Successful inclusion in national education resettlement quotas or establishing systems is dependent on multiple new resettlement programmes. As a factors, including teacher availability and result, the number of cases submitted preparedness to manage a more diverse for resettlement by UNHCR to States will student base; infrastructure and safe rise to a target of 200,000 in 2017, up access to schools; the individual refugee from 74,800 in 2012. Nonetheless, the family, and community cohesion. It is needs remain significant with UNHCR important for refugee children to feel safe estimating that in 2017 almost 1.2 million and accepted in schools, as in the broader refugees will be in need of resettlement. host community, and for refugee families Syrians make up almost 40 per cent of to enjoy their rights so that the education this number, reflecting the continuing of both girls and boys can continue. deterioration of the conflict. Refugees from countries including Afghanistan, Similarly, the successful inclusion of the Democratic Republic of the Congo children and young people in national and Sudan will also continue to have education systems is greatly facilitated resettlement needs. by a strong initial emphasis on language acquisition. More broadly, fluency in Throughout 2016, UNHCR worked to local and official languages can facilitate increase its resettlement processing access to justice, security, employment, capacity and to strengthen its ability to housing and healthcare for refugee identify refugees in need of resettlement, families, all of which are crucial enablers including by enhancing registration and for the full impact of educational community-based protection activities. opportunities to be realized. The increase in resettlement submissions was also made possible due to the willingness of resettlement States to Resettlement consider new processing modalities, and Resettlement continues to be an essential a number of new innovative approaches tool to assist refugees facing specific emerged, including from the Syria or urgent protection risks. Resettlement context. has also grown in importance as a tool for responsibility-sharing with countries While the upscaling of resettlement hosting large numbers of refugees, and is processing will continue in 2017 in a significant feature of the new CRRF.

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order to meet enhanced global quotas, Complementary pathways to UNHCR will also continue strengthening protection and solutions its capacity and increasing the efficiency of its resettlement activities. Despite the significant increase in To this end, the Office has launched resettlement programmes, available a resettlement innovation project to places are limited relative to the global develop new approaches and ensure refugee population. For this reason, that UNHCR’s resettlement activities are States, UNHCR and other partners “fit-for-purpose” to meet contemporary are working towards the creation of challenges. additional, complementary pathways that offer protection and solutions in third The expansion of the global countries. This will give the international resettlement quota base remains a community greater capacity – individually priority. At least 15 countries will be and collectively – to share responsibility at different stages of developing new for protection and solutions. resettlement programmes in 2017. Experience has shown that poorly Complementary pathways afford designed or insufficiently resourced refugees a wider range of mechanisms to resettlement programmes can result in safely and legally access protection and legal, administrative or social challenges solutions, including through opportunities for arriving refugees, jeopardizing the for work, study, and family reunion. For protection and permanent solution refugees who independently take up that resettlement is meant to provide. such opportunities, destination countries Investing from early phases in the and sponsors need to be alerted to the design and planning of resettlement specific situation of people found to be programmes ensures their viability in need of international protection under and a better and more targeted international law. allocation of resources. In 2017, UNHCR will accompany new and emerging In 2017, UNHCR will support the resettlement countries through this development and implementation of a design process, helping them with framework for complementary pathways identifying gaps in their programmes, for admission, and provide tools to with capacity building, and by analysing States, civil society actors and refugees and disseminating best practices from to inform the identification, development experienced resettlement countries. and expansion of such avenues.

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The Office will analyse and document Some States are also exploring the existing opportunities and approaches potential for refugees to take advantage and start building the evidence base for of regional agreements which create programming. opportunities for temporary or permanent movement between countries, such as So that refugees can make informed labour mobility schemes initially created decisions, UNHCR will encourage to fill labour market shortages. governments and other partners to make accurate information on complementary In order for complementary pathways pathways available to them. The Office to provide sustainable protection and will facilitate links between refugees in solutions for refugees, it is important that countries of first asylum and national States: establish protection safeguards and civil society bodies in potential for those with ongoing protection needs; destination countries to ensure that support refugees in their search for safe refugees understand the practical and and legal avenues; and mitigate the risks legal issues involved in taking up such associated with irregular movements. opportunities. For these reasons, in 2017 – and in Furthermore, in 2017 UNHCR will line with the CRRF – UNHCR will assist advocate with governments to States and other partners to ensure ensure that existing programmes that refugees are able to take up and administrative systems are opportunities for work, study, and family made accessible to refugees. It is reunion in third countries, as a means recommended, for example, that of achieving both interim and longer- programmes to help refugees find term protection and solutions. It will be employment include information for important to build networks between both employers and refugees on access refugees and possible host communities to mechanisms that protect the rights worldwide, enable information exchanges and safety of workers. Accurate and on available pathways, and address authoritative information on national hurdles before and after travel, including laws and policies should be provided by ensuring that refugees have access to to organizations seeking to support Convention or other travel documents. refugees in their applications for study, work or family reunion.

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Addressing longer-term needs in partnership

UNHCR is strengthening its collaboration with partners, UNHCR is expanding its collaboration with the including development actors, to better meet both the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) short-term humanitarian needs of displaced people, and UNDP to find solutions for displaced people in as well as longer-term development goals for both the Cameroon, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Serbia, Turkey, displaced and their host communities. At the country Uganda, Ukraine and Zambia. Building on recent level, UNHCR will continue advocating for the inclusion achievements in assessing the economic impact of of displaced people in national development planning. refugees on host economies, UNHCR and the World Alongside UNDP, the World Bank, International Rescue Bank will continue strengthening their partnership Committee (IRC) and governments, the Office will through systematic collaboration at the regional and also continue working within the Solutions Alliance country levels. The cooperation between UNHCR (see Glossary) to find solutions to displacement by and the OECD will also be enhanced, with a view combining the resources and expertise of a diverse to securing access to jobs for refugees, as well as network of actors. Solutions Alliance national groups complementary pathways for admission to OECD are already in place in Somalia and Zambia, with the countries. establishment of new groups planned for Uganda and Tanzania in 2017.

Anticipated areas of intervention Key achievements targeted in 2017 in 2017

Durable solutions

Potential for resettlement realized

Submit resettlement cases nn Approximately 200,000 individuals will be submitted globally for resettlement consideration. nn Technical support and assistance will be provided to approximately 20 emerging resettlement countries. nn A full evaluation of UNHCR’s resettlement procedure will be undertaken with a view to maximizing efficiencies, avoiding redundancies and preserving quality and integrity.

Arrange resettlement departures nn UNHCR will continue working with counterparts to increase the number of departures, with a view to ensuring available quotas are fully utilized.

Ensure the integrity of the process nn A new policy on preventing and responding to fraud committed by people of concern in the context of resettlement procedures will be implemented. nn Multi-functional technical anti-fraud assessment missions will be undertaken to provide support and advice to UNHCR operations on minimizing fraud.

Training and capacity building nn Training and capacity building will be conducted to implement the new policy on fraud committed by people of concern. nn Training tools will be developed to assist emerging countries to set up resettlement programmes. nn Training on resettlement policy and procedures will be conducted at field level to capacitate UNHCR staff involved in resettlement operations.

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Anticipated areas of intervention Key achievements targeted in 2017 in 2017

Comprehensive solutions strategy developed, strengthened or updated

Conduct comprehensive solutions nn A more consultative methodology for conducting “intentions monitoring” for people of concern will be rolled profiling of population out to field operations. nn Profiling will be undertaken amongst selected protracted populations to identify preferred solutions.

Develop and implement strategy nn Multi-year and multi-partner protection and solutions strategies will be developed in 21 countries and supported, where appropriate, by “Seeds for Solutions” funding. nn Programming for Protection learning modules on strategy development will be made available to country office multi-functional teams.

Support and expand complementary nn Complementary pathways for refugees to third countries will continue to be facilitated, providing mechanisms pathways to enhance protection and solutions. nn Capacities and partnerships will be strengthened in the identification, development and expansion of complementary pathways. Coordination and partnerships strengthened

Strengthen development partnerships nn Partnerships with development actors will be established or strengthened at regional, national and global levels, including through the Solutions Alliance. Potential for voluntary return realized

Support voluntary return in safety and nn Refugees will be supported to voluntarily return in safety and dignity in situations where conditions permit. dignity nn Improved guidance will be provided to field operations with the release of an updated handbook on voluntary repatriation. nn Structured dialogues will be continued with refugees in countries of asylum and with IDPs and returnees in countries of origin in order to plan for/support sustainable reintegration. nn Multi-Year, Multi-partner Solutions strategies will be systematically developed by UNHCR, together with national authorities, development partners and other stakeholders, for the reintegration of refugee and IDP returnees. Community empowerment and self-reliance

Improve UNHCR capacity, partnerships nn 3 perception surveys will be conducted to identify obstacles to accessing rights and related national services and tools to ensure the perspectives of from the perspective of affected communities. communities of concern to UNHCR inform solutions initiatives nn Obstacles identified through perception surveys will be addressed through partnerships and enhanced operational support. Potential for integration realized

Make integration more sustainable nn Proactive work with governments and UN Country Teams will be undertaken to support the inclusion of refugees, asylum-seekers, IDPs, returnees and stateless people in local and national development plans. nn 3 country operations will carry out self-assessments to identify gaps in institutional governance, as well as administrative mechanisms for refugee protection and service delivery.

Strengthen capacities for including nn 3 country-level housing, land and property projects will integrate the specific needs of people of concern, people of concern into national, supported by development actors. regional and global processes related to housing, land and property rights nn Guidance on housing, land and property rights will be disseminated to UNHCR staff. nn Guidance on implementation of the “Pinheiro principles on housing and property restitution for refugees and displaced persons” in the Middle East and North Africa region will be developed and disseminated, together with OHCHR.

Livelihoods and self-reliance

Access to livelihoods enables refugees by qualified partners and linked with to live active, productive and dignified government, development and private lives. By building stronger ties with host sector initiatives. UNHCR’s livelihoods communities and a sense of shared programming adopts an integrated interest, livelihoods activities contribute approach that engages host communities to a favourable protection environment and seeks to build social cohesion. in which refugees are better prepared for durable solutions, whichever form they may take in the future. Inclusive sectors In 2017, UNHCR will continue to support UNHCR’s “Operational guidelines on refugee access to opportunities in the the minimum criteria for livelihoods agriculture and artisan sectors, which programming” (March 2015) seek to have high growth potential and offer ensure that investments in livelihoods prospects for absorbing refugee labour. programming have a measurable impact Aside from consultations with business for refugees and the communities community members, UNHCR is seeking hosting them. The guidelines require to collaborate with strong retailer that UNHCR operations develop partners who can source products made livelihoods programming that is context- by refugees in different countries. By specific, appropriately targeted and the end of 2016, the minimum criteria for informed by quality socio-economic livelihoods programming will be released and market assessments. The as an Administrative Instruction, making minimum criteria foresee that technical it mandatory for operations to progress expertise is provided for livelihoods towards compliance with the minimum programming, which is implemented criteria, and making full compliance mandatory as of 2020.

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The artisan sector International Trade Centre (ITC), will also be engaged to contribute to the Artisan work provides entrepreneurial project in their areas of expertise. opportunities for refugees, notably • Local business engagement – UNHCR women, who have specialized skills which aims to create sustainable value chains have been passed down the generations for refugee artisans by partnering with and perfected over a lifetime. The global local, socially responsible enterprises market for artisan crafts is significant and in host countries to provide training expanding. The artisan sector, behind the and manage orders, production and agricultural sector, is the second largest logistics. Selected businesses will employer in the developing world and by receive technical support and capacity 2012 international trade in artisan crafts building with a view to sustainably was valued at over $32 billion. In refugee incorporating product lines made by settings, artisan work is often used to refugees into their operations, creating bring women together to offer training or new market links and stimulating local therapeutic activities. However, in order economies. for artisan activities to meet refugees’ • Fresh product design – refugee economic needs, investment and a artisans will be able to create appealing valid business model with direct links to products for the global marketplace. relevant markets are required. The “graduation approach” UNHCR’s refugee artisan project seeks to support refugee artisans develop The “graduation approach” is an an income source and cultivate market ambitious strategy to enable refugee and connections. In 2017, UNHCR will expand local families to progressively move out of its work in offering market access to extreme poverty and access sustainable a greater number of refugee artisans livelihood opportunities. Since 2013, through the implementation of a new UNHCR and partners have been piloting artisan strategy, which centres on the the graduation approach in urban and following four key elements: rural settings in five countries, with plans to expand the initiative to include • An innovative marketing platform – some 20 countries within the next three UNHCR and its partners will showcase years. In pilot countries, the graduation the product made by refugee artisans approach has enabled refugees to meet and connect them to buyers around their basic needs, develop skills, adopt the world via a marketing platform that strong savings habits, establish their forms an integral link in the artisan own businesses or find employment value chain. opportunities in the local job market. • Strategic partnerships – while UNHCR will play a coordinating role, the As part of the graduation approach, each initiative will require the engagement refugee participant has a personal mentor of experienced technical partners. guiding them throughout the programme, The organization will expand strategic tailoring support to individual needs and partnerships in the areas of product assisting them to access services and design; communications and marketing; rights. A recent evaluation of the pilot connection to markets, logistics, skills in Egypt found that 750 participants and training; and technology. Private from the refugee and host communities sector companies, development actors obtained employment and almost 800 and other UN agencies, such as the people started their own businesses.

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Promoting entrepreneurship Promoting the right to work

Looking forward, promoting refugee There have recently been encouraging self-reliance through entrepreneurship developments in national labour laws is a key priority for UNHCR. In many and policies in several refugee host countries, refugees are successful countries: promoting the inclusion of entrepreneurs, trading and offering refugees in the formal labour sector, services to host communities where liberalizing employment laws and national laws, policies and economic regulations, and considering the creation conditions allow. Their success often of free-trade zones where refugees can depends on business development also work. services, including training and access to tools, raw materials and other Nevertheless, there is scope for further productive assets, as well as to financial progress. In 2015, only one in four refugees services, including credit and savings around the world was able to earn sufficient facilities. UNHCR is seeing success income to meet their basic needs. Many where these basic elements are in place. live in countries and communities with high Refugees in Rwanda and Uganda have unemployment among nationals, which the right to work and to set up their own discourages governments from providing businesses, which has led to job creation refugees with access to employment. Jobs and increased trade both nationally and that are available are often poorly paid, regionally. In Ecuador, UNHCR and the insecure or part of the informal sector. Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador Restrictions in national laws and policies, have developed a “business incubator as well as practical obstacles such as skills model” that provides both refugees and gaps, language barriers and discrimination, people from the host community with can also limit opportunities for refugees to the entrepreneurial skills to develop their work. business.

Livelihoods partnerships and seeking to establish a global credit guarantee cooperation facility that will incentivize lending to refugees by reducing the risk financial service providers face. UNHCR’s work on livelihoods is supported by an SIDA, on behalf of the Government of Sweden, advisory board, made up of representatives from will cover 50 per cent of the default in case of academia, the private sector, and development loan write-offs. experts. The Office is also expanding its partnership with the ILO, focusing on the More generally, UNHCR is broadening its promotion of inclusive and equitable access to collaboration with the private sector to create decent work and livelihoods; support to host employment opportunities for displaced communities; and efforts to counter economic populations. Together with the OECD, UNHCR exploitation, including child labour. Together with is supporting the business community in Europe the ILO and ITU, UNHCR is developing technically to enhance refugee employment. As part of the sound, market-based livelihoods interventions Solutions Alliance, the Office is also exploring to include refugees or enhance their role within innovative ways to involve the private sector in value chains and support entrepreneurship. finding and supporting solutions for the forcibly Further, in partnership with SIDA, UNHCR is displaced.

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UNHCR will continue working with ILO UNHCR will continue to engaging in on supporting an enabling environment the review of ILO Recommendation 71, for refugees’ self-reliance, building on which explains how the labour market the positive developments in 2016. can contribute to peace and security. Since March 2016, UNHCR and ILO have With the adoption of the Guiding been developing practical guidance on Principles and the possible update of the application of policy measures to Recommendation 71, both agencies are facilitate access to the labour market in preparing to receive technical requests a manner that yields positive gains for for assistance from Member States in UNHCR’s people of concern, as well as 2017 and 2018, and are developing a host working populations. In addition, joint action plan. n

Anticipated areas of intervention Key achievements targeted in 2017 in 2017

Favourable protection environment

Law and policy developed or strengthened

Advocate for law and policy to protect, nn A position paper on the right to work for refugees will be issued to “promote the right to work and the right to respect and fulfil the right to work for development”, in line with the first objective of UNHCR’s “Global strategy for livelihoods”. refugees nn International protection expertise will be provided as part of the ILO’s standard setting processes on decent work and access to employment for people of concern. Durable solutions Self-reliance and livelihoods improved

Support enabling environment for nn Collaboration with governments, civil society and the private sector will be undertaken to support an enabling refugees’ self-reliance environment for refugee self-reliance.

Increase technical capacity of UNHCR nn Roster of livelihoods experts will be expanded. country operations in livelihoods programming nn Technical support missions will be conducted to at least 15 country operations. nn 2 technical training sessions on livelihoods will be organized targeting UNHCR and partner staff. nn The livelihoods e-learning programme will be expanded. nn Over 70 operations with a livelihood budget will progress towards compliance with the minimum criteria for livelihoods programming.

Improve strategic planning for nn Socio-economic assessment and market-analysis will be conducted in 7 additional country operations. livelihoods nn Country-specific livelihoods strategic plans will be developed in at least 10 additional country operations.

Support refugees to access nn Support will be provided to improve the quality of refugees’ artisanal products in 3 additional country international markets operations. nn Partnerships with businesses and employers will be expanded at global and country levels. nn Purchase orders will be obtained for refugee-made artisan products from 3 additional countries.

Achieve more employment and self- nn The “graduation approach” will be expanded to include a total of 20 additional countries in the next 3 years employment for poor and ultra-poor benefitting 37,000 refugee households. refugees in a coordinated manner nn Design and monitoring missions will be conducted to 7 country operations adopting the “graduation approach” in 2017. nn Partnerships with development actors will be enhanced and developed.

Enhance the enabling environment for nn Training targeting 5 microfinance institutions will be organized. refugees livelihoods nn Guidelines on refugees' access to financial services will be released. nn The credit guarantee facility will be launched.

Finding alternatives to camps

Launched in July 2014, UNHCR’s “Policy integrated settlements for refugees and on alternatives to camps” advocates for developing sustainable alternatives to the creation of opportunities enabling camps. refugees to live meaningful, dignified, and independent lives as members of Throughout 2017, UNHCR will build their host communities. In 2016, UNHCR on achievements made in some key focused on strengthening synergies operations. In Chad, UNHCR will continue with national development planning and its work with the World Bank and national advocating the inclusion of refugees stakeholders to facilitate the peaceful in national systems such as health and and sustainable inclusion of refugees education. The growing collaboration with from two southern camps, Amboko and the World Bank has also been strongly Gondje, into host communities. influenced by the objectives of the policy. It will work to enhance access to services UNHCR’s diagnostic tool for alternatives and livelihood opportunities for both to camps is used to: analyse the status refugees and host communities in Chad of policy implementation; track policy by building local capacities to deliver changes, opportunities and actions; essential services across sectors such as and identify priority actions. In 2016, the education, health, water and sanitation, diagnostic tool was used to examine 90 and environmental protection. In operations supporting some 15.7 million Rwanda, where refugees enjoy a range refugees. The results show advances of freedoms and rights, UNHCR will made since 2015, including an increase build on the 2016 collaborative strategy in the use of cash-based interventions, as between the Government and UNHCR. well as stronger advocacy on providing Entitled “Economic inclusion of refugees refugees with access to national services. in Rwanda: a strategy for furthering By 2017, UNHCR will be in its third round economic development in Rwanda of self-assessments using the diagnostic through refugee self-reliance (2016- tool. This will enable a broader analysis 2020)”, the strategy aims to transform of the major trends, achievements and refugee camps from dependent societies challenges in transitioning towards more into vibrant market-based economies. n

Providing access to energy

Almost 10 million forcibly displaced Access to energy services is being people are living in camp settings and made affordable for an increased the vast majority have minimal access to number of low-income families through energy for cooking, lighting, education or innovative financing mechanisms livelihood activities. UNHCR is focused on allowing purchase through a series of increasing access to clean energy, which small payments, removing the need could greatly improve the health and well- for capital investment (“pay-as-you- being of millions of people of concern. go”). UNHCR, in collaboration with partners, is establishing such system The organization’s “Global Strategy for for the first time in Dollo Ado, Ethiopia, Safe Access to Fuel and Energy (SAFE)” through refugee and host community was developed in 2014 to mainstream entrepreneurs. This will enable consideration of energy issues across households to purchase their own UNHCR operations. The strategy will be solar home energy systems in multiple revised during 2017 to build on lessons affordable steps over time, replacing learned and successes, create clear expensive and polluting fuels. UNHCR implementation methodologies, and intends to roll out this pay-as-you-go increase the impact of interventions. model to other operations in future.

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Energy and environment 2017, UNHCR will strengthen its technical capacity partnerships and cooperation on energy issues through the establishment of an external energy expert panel and deepened UNHCR will continue collaborating with a range of collaboration with Engineers Without Borders, partners to find innovative and sustainable ways the private sector and NGOs. Partnerships with to meet refugees’ energy needs. It is working academic institutions, such as the Danish Technical with the IKEA Foundation and KfW Development University and MIT, will also remain key in improving Bank on renewable energy projects, including the access to clean energy for people of concern. construction of solar power plants in refugee camps in Jordan, and collaborating with the Global Alliance MSB and the Swiss Agency for Development for Clean Cookstoves and Berkeley Air Monitoring Cooperation are supporting UNHCR’s efforts to Group on the development of clean cooking reduce environmental degradation and over- technologies. UNHCR continues to contribute exploitation of natural resources in displacement to advocacy efforts, such as the UN Secretary- contexts, as well as to strengthen access to General’s Sustainable Energy for All initiative. livelihoods in refugee camps and host communities. In 2017, UNHCR hopes to partner with the Green As part of the Moving Energy Initiative, UNHCR is Climate Fund and UNITAR to promote climate partnering with Energy 4 Impact, Practical Action, resilient programmes and climate-related education NRC and DFID to develop sustainable energy in selected operations. The Office will work with the solutions for heating and cooling, cooking, lighting, FAO to build resilience among displaced people electrification, and water and sanitation, with the and also plans to further explore climate financing aim of enhancing access to energy for displaced projects in 2017, in collaboration with Carbon Africa, populations in Burkina Faso, Jordan and Kenya. In “atmosfair” and the Uganda Carbon Bureau.

Moving towards climate neutrality, of UNHCR operations, and a model is UNHCR is developing a strategy on being designed for the operation in alternatives to generators with other Zimbabwe, to be implemented from agencies and private sector actors. early 2017. The strategy will use innovative financing mechanisms and the latest UNHCR and other humanitarian agencies renewable energy technologies face challenges in meeting the cost of to provide power in emergencies providing basic energy to refugees living and protracted situations, reducing in camps, estimated to exceed $500 reliance on fossil fuels, lowering million per year. The Office is applying for operational costs and minimizing accreditation to the Green Climate Fund, carbon emissions. Employing the which would allow it to seek funding for latest renewable energy technologies climate-smart energy and environmental will also provide an innovative way to programmes for its operations starting in reduce the environmental footprint mid-2017. n

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Anticipated areas of intervention Key achievements targeted in 2017 in 2017

Basic needs and essential services

Population has increased access to clean energy

Create lighting solutions to improve nn Refugee communities in selected operations will be involved in developing public lighting solutions through the safety during hours of darkness UNHCR community lighting guide, to be completed in 2017. nn Solar mini-grids will be installed in Ethiopia and Nepal to provide lighting and electricity. nn New approaches to households and community lighting will be developed and integrated into emergency responses.

Increase access to energy products nn Communities will have improved access to energy products and services through increased private sector and services involvement in humanitarian settings. Promote livelihoods in clean energy nn At least 200 entrepreneurs from refugee and host communities will receive technical and business training in renewable energy systems. nn More than 10,000 homes will purchase their own solar home energy systems through creation of local businesses, which provide energy services.

Reduce carbon emissions nn Over 40,000 households will have access to clean electricity through large-scale solar power plants in Jordan. Lower operational costs nn A solar water pumping guide will be developed to reduce diesel consumption. nn Alternatives to generators will be developed and procured to maximize use of renewable energy and reduce use of fossil fuels, with pilot projects in at least 5 operations.

Improve health and well-being nn Comprehensive assessments and feasibility studies will be carried out in at least 5 countries to develop optimal through safe energy initiatives fuel solutions and identify business potential for biofuel production. Reduce deforestation nn Procurement specifications for improved cooking stoves and a participatory guide to clean cooking for refugees Enable clean cooking will be finalized.

Build capacity and expertise and nn Innovation and technical capacity will be strengthened through collaborative partnerships with the private sector, strengthen partnerships academia and other humanitarian agencies. nn At least 2 additional expert energy staff members will be recruited to plan and implement successful interventions. Refine and improve energy interventions through monitoring nn Project impacts will be fully assessed using a new monitoring and evaluation toolkit, allowing lessons learned to feed into improved interventions. and evaluation

150 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update News and views Refugees find chance to flourish in German workforce

This article is an adapted version of a UNHCR news story. 17 August 2016

BERLIN, Germany | The task is significant. Germany’s Federal Labour Office says it advised 322,000 asylum- seekers and refugees looking for work in July 2016 alone. Many struggle with the language and missing paperwork and others find they must re-train and embark on a new career.

For the determined, opportunities are there. Newcomers training with some of Germany’s top firms say landing a job means more than just a pay packet. Work means integration, acceptance, recognition and self-confidence. © UNHCR/Aubrey Wade © UNHCR/Aubrey

A year after arriving in Germany, Syrian A year after arriving in Germany, Syrian refugee Sana Dawod, 30, has secured a job as a software engineer at SAP. programmer Sana Dawod is working full-time at SAP, a multinational firm relatives in Ludwigshafen, south- helps a lot with integration,” said Sana, that develops software for businesses. west Germany, and started looking who attended a German language for work. She spotted a social media and integration course alongside her With a degree in IT engineering, post in internships for refugees at internship. Sana worked for four years as a SAP’s headquarters nearby, applied web developer and illustrator for a immediately and was accepted. Her mentor, Rene Laengert, was children’s NGO in Damascus. When war impressed with her progress, and broke out, she braved the chaos and In January, she started as one of 80 when an opening arose in his team violence and kept working. refugees and asylum-seekers on a six- he encouraged Sana to apply. month paid internship with SAP. “She’s really done well at picking “We struggled on for years in Syria, up the technologies we use,” he stayed in the hope that things would For Sana, there was a lot to take in. said. “This artistic flair with the get better,” she said. technical background—that’s a super “Everything was new. New company, combination.” Sana’s male relatives fled to Europe new culture, new colleagues, new after her brother was killed. She and language, new technologies,” she said. Earlier this month, Sana started on a a sister hung on in Damascus for two “My previous experience helped, but full-time contract. She said landing the more years, waiting for news of a there was a lot to learn about the most job was a key step in putting her new missing relative. modern technologies.” life on track. “Working here has really helped me to think positively,” she said. When the rumours of his death It was not only new code that Sana “Before the war, we had good lives so came, they had nothing left to stay was learning. Suddenly she was in a it’s strange to be labelled as a refugee for. “In the end we lost all hope,” German workplace, surrounded by and rely on others. I hope to stand on she said. In April 2015, Sana joined an international team. “Working here my own two feet as soon as possible.” 

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 151 Volunteers from the host community build the roof for Nyumanzi reception centre in the district of Adjumani, Uganda. © UNHCR/Isaac Kasamani

152 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update SAFEGUARDINGSUPPORTING FUNDAMENTALUNHCR’S WORK HUMAN RIGHTS

TheUNHCR provision increasingly of asylum relies is aon consistent the capacity, feature expertise of human and history. Throughoutresources of the a broad ages, and societies diverse with network different of partners cultures toand value systemsprotect and have assist recognized millions theirof people obligation of concern to provide to the sanctuary andOffice. help Givenfor people the ongoingin distress scope fleeing and scaleconflict of contemporaryor persecution. humanitarian emergencies and protracted crises, developing Thisnew longstandingand innovative social approaches norm was to progressivelypartnerships is incorporated a key intopriority international for UNHCR. law in the 20th century, and States continue to reaffirm their commitment to refugee protection. Close to 130This countries chapter highlights have national the important asylum laws role in that place, organizational implementing relevantand institutional international partners, conventions the private for sector the protection and celebrities of refugees. Moreplay in than leveraging 40 countries support have for apeople national of instrumentconcern, including related to internalby: raising displacement; awareness aboutin 2015, their UNHCR plight providedand the Office’s protection work and assistanceto assist them; to 37 enhancing million internally UNHCR’s displaced capacity people and expertise; (IDPs) in 28 countriesand mobilizing - the crucial highest funding. number in the organization's history.

However, there remain a number of recurring gaps, such as: violations of the principle of non-refoulement; a lack of admission and access to asylum procedures; a lack of registration and documentation; shortcomings in refugee status determination procedures; and detention practices that violate international standards.

Similarly, while several States and regional bodies have demonstrated their commitment to eradicating statelessness by 2024, efforts need to be expanded to address the major situations of statelessness around the world.

A growing degree of ’asylum fatigue’ has been witnessed over the past year. Addressing this and other contemporary protection challenges remains a high priority for UNHCR. In 2015, UNHCR continued to safeguard the fundamental right of people whose lives and liberty are at risk to seek safety and security in another State, and support States to establish and strengthen institutional refugee and asylum frameworks.

In this chapter: • SupervisingWorking in partnership the application of the 1951 Convention • AssuringMobilizing safety the private from violence sector and exploitation • StrengtheningCelebrity support refugee status determination • Ending unlawful detention of persons of concern • Eradicating statelessness • Addressing internal displacement

Working in partnership

UNHCR works with more than 900 commits to taking concrete measures and partners in some 100 country operations engaging in greater dialogue for further around the world. The Office also improvements. UNHCR is collaborating entrusts partners with approximately with UNICEF and WFP in order to simplify 40 per cent of its annual budget to and harmonize management processes undertake programmes and projects for partnerships. Partners will also be that provide protection, assistance and actively consulted in this regard. solutions to people of concern. More than one-third of UNHCR’s partners are national organizations. UNHCR has Implementing the Refugee undertaken a consultative process in Coordination Model (RCM) implementing its “Enhanced framework for implementing with partners” aimed For complex refugee situations requiring at strengthening these partnerships, as a coordinated response, UNHCR plans well as operational performance and and implements activities with partners accountability. The Office is particularly under the RCM, which emphasizes the focused on strengthening the capacity principles of empowered, inclusive and engagement of national first and transparent leadership and responders, including through direct collaboration. In addition to the UNHCR- funding. OCHA joint note on mixed situations, the RCM provides a framework for The Office values its relationship and leadership and coordination in both engagements with partners in country refugee operations and complex operations and supports the outcome of humanitarian emergencies. an annual independent survey conducted by the NGO Hebrew Immigrant Aid Under the RCM, UNHCR assumes the Society on the perception and opinion lead role in refugee emergencies, on the status of NGO partnerships. nominating regional refugee According to the survey’s results, UNHCR coordinators to lead both the strategic

154 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update Supporting UNHCR’S WORK

planning process to develop protection Inter-Agency Standing and assistance strategies. These Committee (IASC) coordinators are also responsible for joint fundraising and advocacy for UNHCR is an active and long- refugee responses, as appropriate. The standing member of the IASC — the Office will continue to ensure that the primary mechanism for inter-agency coordination, planning and delivery coordination of humanitarian assistance of refugee responses are effective, — and as such, is committed to the collaborative and based on principles principles of collective action, including of partnership. In this regard, regional through strengthened partnership refugee coordinators systematically with the development sector. In 2017, engage with States and partners to within the IASC, UNHCR will continue ensure that responses adequately promoting the “Centrality of protection reflect operational realities, such as in humanitarian action statement”, as national and international partnerships well as the implementation of policies on and projects. accountability to affected populations. The Office will also ensure that refugee UNHCR believes that the inclusive programmes form an integral, yet nature of the planning process and the distinct, part of the overall humanitarian underlying protection and solutions response, and that UNHCR plays a strategy are key, but that the systems and robust role in non-refugee situations, processes to support these coordination notably through its designated cluster and response mechanisms can always be responsibilities. fine-tuned and adapted to the context. The organization will ensure colleagues and partners are trained and familiar with Engaging with United the RCM and RRP. Nations Headquarters

For situations requiring a coordinated UNHCR's Liaison Office in New York international humanitarian response, (LONY) will support the organization’s UNHCR will also ensure its staff is trained engagement in UN Headquarters and familiar with other systems such processes relevant to UNHCR, including as the IASC-mandated humanitarian playing a key role in follow-up to the response plans and their associated 19 September United Nations Summit suite of processes and tools, including for Refugees and Migrants. This will the humanitarian programme cycle, and country-based pooled funds. UNHCR is fully committed to working with partners throughout the humanitarian programme Refugee Response Plans (RRPs) are comprehensive inter- cycle, contributing to an integrated agency plans designed to respond to refugee emergencies. approach to needs assessment, planning, They are a key feature of the Refugee Coordination Model, implementation, monitoring and resource as the vehicle through which leadership and coordination of mobilization. a refugee response may be exercised. An RRP articulates the protection and solution priorities; describes the needs of refugees, host communities, and other people of concern; identifies relevant responsible actors; and defines the financial requirements of all the humanitarian actors. It builds on national preparedness measures and existing contingency plans.

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involve working with Member States, Promoting partnerships sister agencies, other international organizations and NGO partners UNHCR will continue fostering bilateral through consultations leading to the partnerships with UN sister agencies “Global compact on refugees” in 2018. and major international NGO partners, Additionally, LONY will support efforts further exploring complementarities in to develop a Global Compact for Safe, expertise and resources. The Office will Orderly and Regular Migration. support regular strategic discussions with partners to identify common priorities and UNHCR will continue to strengthen its establish Memoranda of Understanding engagement as a member of the United as appropriate. It will also continue its Nations Development Group (UNDG), outreach activities with regional and including by co-chairing its Human thematic consortia, as well as with key Rights Working Group. UNHCR will also NGOs, to consolidate partnerships and continue to support the “Human rights address potential gaps. up front” (HRuF) initiative of the Office of the Secretary-General, including UNHCR’s three-day annual consultations through the secondment of a senior with NGOs remain an essential platform and staff member, as well as through active unique opportunity for debate and exchange engagement in the Senior Action Group on regional and thematic issues. These integrated task forces, and regional consultations also provide an opportunity quarterly reviews. to explore fresh collaboration on advocacy and operational issues. With more than 500 participants from around the world, the 2017 Sustainable development UNHCR-NGO Consultations will engage an The realisation of the 2030 Agenda for even more diverse range of actors, from Sustainable Development at national civil society to the private sector. and global levels will enable UNHCR to advocate more effectively for the The High Commissioner’s structured inclusion of people of concern in national dialogue with NGOs and the International development plans. This will deepen Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement UNHCR’s engagement and collaboration was evaluated in 2016 after having been with development partners, primarily in rolled out in a number of field operations the areas of planning, operationalization, during the past four years. With partnership data collection and advocacy. The pledge issues and modalities evolving fast, to “leave no one behind” provides an in particular as a result of the World opportunity to ensure that all people of Humanitarian Summit, any future structured concern to UNHCR, including the stateless, dialogue between UNHCR and other NGOs and who are not explicitly referred to in the will be required to take this evolution into 2030 Agenda, are able to benefit from the account, as well as be better embedded progress envisioned under the SDGs. with UNHCR’s other partnership-related initiatives. For example, this would include UNHCR, along with its partners, plans to coordinating the dialogue with other work together at the field level to ensure partnership initiatives of UNHCR such as that people of concern reap benefits the roll out of the RCM, the programme from national services and social security planning support missions conducted by platforms aimed at the progressive DPSM, or the emergency preparedness realisation of their rights. missions by DESS, which also look at partnerships with NGOs.

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World Bank being a contributing factor to continued high malnutrition in September 2016, the two agencies UNHCR is working with the World Bank to launched a joint strategy on “Enhancing self-reliance develop opportunities for refugees and other in food security and nutrition in protracted refugee people of concern through inclusive economic and situations”. This strategy recognizes the importance development policies, approaches and facilities at of providing food assistance to refugees while, the national and regional level. simultaneously, the need to work with governments, host communities and other partners to make In recent years, the World Bank and UNHCR them more food-secure. Creating an enabling have deepened their collaboration, working environment for refugees to use their livelihoods together to build an evidence base on root assets, in addition to leveraging and developing causes and solutions to displacement, as well as their capacities, will prevent them from being a study of the economic impact of refugees on dependent on food assistance and encourage self- host economies. Building on three joint regional reliance. studies in Africa, in 2016 UNHCR and the World Bank authored a fourth regional study focused UNHCR and WFP are also increasing their on the economic impact of displacement in the collaboration in the provision of cash-based Lake Chad Basin due to Boko Haram induced interventions to refugees and other people violence. These studies have led to follow- of concern. Efforts are underway to establish on projects in the Democratic Republic of the interoperable systems for the distribution of Congo, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Uganda assistance at the country level. In line with its and Zambia. Project planning is underway in commitments in the Grand Bargain (see the Cameroon, Chad, Kenya, Niger and the United chapter on Needs and Funding Requirements), Republic of Tanzania. In Turkana county in UNHCR will continue to streamline reporting Kenya, the two organizations are preparing an formats and arrangements with NGO partners. initiative aimed at reorienting refugee assistance to improve the socio-economic conditions of International Organization for both refugee and the host communities; to Migration better prepare the host community to take advantage of emerging economic opportunities; IOM’s recent affiliation with the United Nations as to reduce over-reliance on humanitarian aid, and a ‘related agency’ offers both UNHCR and IOM to prepare refugees for durable solutions. Other opportunities to ensure greater coherence and initiatives include a poverty and welfare analysis coordination in addressing large-scale, cross- of Syrian refugees in Jordan and Lebanon and an border flows of refugees and migrants. In a joint enhanced policy dialogue through joint thematic letter, the principals of the two organizations workshops. In 2017, a technical expert exchange agreed to improve their coordination in programme will benefit from the work on socio- emergency response joint planning, resource economic data in Cameroon, Chad, Ethiopia, the mobilization, data collection, and media and United Republic of Tanzania and Uganda. communication.

World Food Programme At the executive level, UNHCR and IOM will continue organizing regular high-level discussions In many protracted situations, where prospects on strategic issues to ensure more predictable for durable solutions are limited, refugees remain responses in line with respective roles and dependent on food assistance. UNHCR and the responsibilities, and effectively support country WFP continue to work together to improve refugees’ operations. UNHCR and IOM will also revise their food security. Reduced livelihood opportunities 1997 global Memorandum of Understanding (MoU).

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“My children are fine now, thanks to the mosquito nets.” — Innocent, refugee father of six in Uganda who received mosquito nets from UNHCR © UN Foundation/Corentin Fohlen

Mobilizing the private sector

At a time where the needs of millions of These partners collectively raise more people of concern to UNHCR are rapidly than half of UNHCR’s income from the growing, the private sector will continue private sector; to play a valuable role across the range • Dedicated offices in twenty selected of the Office’s work. From providing life- countries; and, saving immediate assistance to enabling • Global digital outreach through internet connectivity, renewable energy English, Arabic and Spanish language solutions, creation of employment hubs. opportunities, to consumer and employee engagement, partnerships with the In 2017, UNHCR will continue to build on private sector can have an enormous established engagement with individuals, impact on refugees’ lives. These as well as relationships with a broad partnerships are invaluable in providing range of corporate partners, foundations a range of skills; technical, logistical, and and philanthropists, who are supporting in-kind support for education, health, the Office’s activities around the world. shelter and livelihoods; and augmenting The Office will also look to increase and the visibility of the Office and its work. diversify private partnerships and funding, in particular through cash donations which UNHCR mobilizes resources and are vital to ensuring life-saving assistance engagement from the private sector by to less visible crises. For additional encouraging support from individuals and information on UNHCR’s private sector developing partnerships with corporations fundraising strategy, see the chapter on and foundations. This is achieved through: Needs and Funding Requirements.

• Six national partners: Australia for UNHCR, España con ACNUR, Japan Individuals for UNHCR, Sweden for UNHCR, UNO The majority of the growth of private Flüchtlingshilfe (Germany) and the sector fundraising in UNHCR has been United States of America for UNHCR. driven by regular, monthly donations of

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private individuals, who in addition to continue recruiting individual donors with providing the organization with valuable a view to reaching 2.5 million donors by income, are influential in representing a the end of 2018, and with a longer term united voice in support of refugees and vision of 5 million donors globally. displaced people. This has been achieved by recruiting new donors, through street The challenge is to sustain and grow fundraising, digital recruitment, direct mail the value and duration of the support of and television advertising. UNHCR is now these donors, by engaging them more able to call upon over a million ‘committed deeply in the refugee cause and by givers’ out of a total of 1.7 million asking supporters to advocate on behalf financial supporters, which provides of refugees by adding their voice to the organization with a predictable and campaigns such as the #WithRefugees sustainable source of income. It will petition to governments.

Shelter campaign – Nobody left outside

Without a considerable increase in funding and global support, millions of people fleeing war and persecution face homelessness or inadequate housing. Without a safe place to eat, sleep, study, store belongings and have privacy, the consequences to their health and welfare can be profound. To address this concern, in May 2016 UNHCR launched its first ever global private sector fundraising campaign —“Nobody left outside”. The campaign calls on individuals, companies and foundations worldwide to shelter two million refugees by 2018. It also calls on private sector actors to become involved through UNHCR’s Global Shelter Coalition, which brings together leading brands and philanthropists to provide and improve shelter solutions for refugees. Since its inception, the campaign has raised private sector donations and pledges of more than $5 million from around the world. © UNHCR/Sebastian Rich

“Shelter is the foundation stone for refugees to survive and recover, and should be considered a non-negotiable human right. As we tackle worldwide displacement on a level not seen since World War 2, no refugee should be left outside.” - Filippo Grandi, the UN High Commissioner for Refugees

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Corporate and foundation partnerships

The corporations and foundations significantly reduce the numbers that support the work of the Office of children worldwide missing out are committed to finding creative on an education. solutions for refugees, IDPs,

Fondazione ENEL Cuore: © UNHCR/Diana Diaz returnees and stateless people. providing valuable funding for In this coming year, and given the UNHCR’s response in Syria to impetus provided by initiatives such ensure IDP and refugee children as the New York Declaration for are able to access education Refugees and Migrants, the World through cash grants, accelerated Nyamamynha (right), 13, and her younger sister read Humanitarian Summit and Grand learning to help children catch their homework assignments in their shelter at Sherkole Bargain, there is ample scope to up months of missed schooling, refugee camp, Ethiopia. With the help of a solar lantern, work on initiatives that are mutually donated by the Stichting af Jochnick Foundation, they teacher training and the are able to light up the room at night. beneficial, and which will improve rehabilitation of damaged schools. the lives of people of concern displaced, Syrian and otherwise across the world through the IKEA Foundation: a flagship over the past 4 years is some following long-term partnerships: partnership and a benchmark for $20.5 million. the vital contribution the private Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation: sector can bring to the lives of United Nations Foundation: a new partnership bringing refugee families and children. The one of UNHCR’s long-term innovative technologies and IKEA Foundation will continue supporters, the Foundation approaches in water, sanitation providing large-scale cash and in- provides support through its and health for refugees. kind contributions for operations “Girl Up” and “Nothing but Dutch Postcode Lottery: the across Africa, Asia and the Middle Nets” campaigns, both of which world’s third largest private charity East, with a focus on education, have built up extensive and donor, and a supporter of UNHCR’s livelihoods and renewable energy. active networks of partners work for the last 14 years. While Going beyond philanthropy, and supporters and which will most of the support has been given UNHCR and the IKEA Foundation continue in 2017 across Africa. share a genuine commitment, to UNHCR through unearmarked UNIQLO: a Japanese global exemplified by joint collaboration funding, leaving UNHCR the ability apparel retailer, UNIQLO on the development of innovative to use the funds where they are supports UNHCR’s self-reliance shelter solutions for refugees. most needed, the Postcode Lottery programs in Asia and emergency also supports specific projects Said Foundation: a strong responses and a commitment relating to emergency response, supporter of tertiary education to hire refugees globally. It is shelter, registration, education for Syrian refugees through the an active supporter of UNHCR, and alternative uses of energy. DAFI program since 2014, the raising awareness through a Additionally, the Dutch Postcode Said Foundation enables refugee variety of activities, such as Lottery also provides UNHCR and students to either continue or start supporting the UNHCR refugee its activities with good visibility in their university studies, giving them film festivals in Japan and Korea, the Netherlands. hope and skills for their future. and advocating for refugee issues in Japanese schools. Educate A Child (EAC): a strategic The Big Heart Foundation multi-year partnership, which (TBHF): launched by Her UPS Foundation: the aims to enrol and retain more Highness Sheikha Jawaher Bint philanthropic arm of UPS has than 700,000 refugee children in Mohammed Al Qasimi, UNHCR’s been a strategic partner to schools in 12 countries in Africa, first Eminent Advocate, in May UNHCR since 2010 and, in 2017, Asia and the Middle East. EAC 2015. TBHF’s priorities vary from the Foundation will continue is a program of the Education education, health to shelter to provide logistical expertise, Above All (EAA) Foundation, a and cash assistance. The total funds and services to support global initiative launched by Her financial support Her Highness and enhance UNHCR’s logistics Highness Sheikha Moza bint has contributed on a personal and emergency response. Nasser of Qatar, which aims to level and through TBHF, for the

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Japanese vision team brings Azeri lives into focus

This article is an adapted version of a UNHCR news story. 26 August 2016

BARDA, Azerbaijan | Valida Aliyeva is consumed by a passion for reading. At 64 years old, she explains “I’ve read every book in our local library.”

But when she lost her glasses four years ago, the displaced Azeri grandmother’s world was reduced to a blur in which she could neither read nor even see faces close-up.

Then, in May, something life-changing happened: a team of optometrists from Japan came to this city in western Azerbaijan to provide eye tests and give

residents—Aliyeva among them—the © UNHCR/Andrew McConnell glasses they needed Yalchin Aghayev, 40, has his eyes tested by optometrist Akio Kanai at a settlement for the displaced in Barda, Azerbaijan. “I plan to start reading again as soon as I get home. But first, I want to see my become independent, learn more,” says people now have improved eyesight grandchildren up close!” Kanai. “Actually, without the glasses, I thanks to his efforts. don’t know how you can live your life." For a dozen years, optometrist Akio Kanai “Winning the award inspired me and has been travelling to Azerbaijan with Kanai was honoured in 2006 with the pushed me to continue with the service. a team of specialists to help displaced prestigious Nansen Refugee Award, I’m 74 now, but I feel I have energy left Azeris, up to 1 million of whom were given annually to an individual, group or and it would be good for me to work for driven from their homes during the organization in recognition of outstanding these people.” conflict over Nagorno Karabakh in the service to the cause of refugees, late 1980s and early 1990s. displaced or stateless people. And his legacy is set to continue as his two sons have followed in his footsteps, Many are living in poverty and struggle to Forcibly displaced himself from the becoming qualified optometrists and access proper healthcare and treatment. northern Pacific island of Sakhalin during joining the doctor on his annual vision Many families also live in huts or shanty the turmoil at the end of World War II, missions.  towns in rural Azerbaijan. Kanai has committed himself since 1983 to working with people uprooted by “A pair of glasses will help people to have conflict. It is estimated that more than a better quality of life, can assist them to 140,000 refugees and internally displaced

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CELEBRITY SUPPORT

UNHCR’s goodwill ambassadors and enables goodwill ambassadors to be Banner pictures, from left to right: UNHCR Honorary high-profile supporters will play a crucial credible voices and powerful witnesses Lifetime Goodwill Ambassador Barbara Hendricks; Goodwill role in 2017 in raising awareness and to the devastating human impact of Ambassador Jung Woo-sung building engagement in communities displacement, to the resilience of in Lebanon; actor Ben Stiller with a refugee family in Berlin; across the globe. refugees, and to UNHCR and its partners’ former refugee and UNHCR Goodwill Ambassador Alek work. Speaking with credibility, they offer Wek meeting refugees in South Travelling to the field to meet refugees powerful reminders that refugees can Sudan. and gain personal experience of UNHCR bring huge contributions to their host operations, or drawing on their own communities. personal experience of displacement,

Their voices amplify UNHCR’s calls to action and the need for new support, including financial. Building on the growth of the programme, 2017 will see goodwill ambassadors and high- profile supporters participate in UNHCR’s key campaigns and partnerships, media initiatives and emergency appeals to build further support and engagement.

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Whether through media interviews and OpEds, through digital and social media initiatives, or film, UNHCR’s goodwill ambassadors are vital partners extending and deepening our engagement with audiences around the world. In 2017 they will continue to use their voices and media reach to mobilize Goodwill ambassadors communities and build more support. and high -profile supporters will play an In May, UNHCR increasingly important Goodwill Ambassador role in engaging Cate Blanchett spoke new supporters and at a major event encouraging donations hosted by the Said and to UNHCR. This will Asfari Foundations. include appeals and The “Hands Up for feedback to regular Syria” appeal raised donors, supporting over GBP 8 million partnerships and to support access to emergency appeals, and education for Syrian attending major events. refugee children Their attendance at such and youth, of which high-level events, both UNHCR will be public and private, to receiving a third for advocate with decision scholarships for Syrian makers, philanthropists refugees in Jordan and business leaders and Lebanon, enabling will boost support for them to either start or the needs of all people resume their university of concern to UNHCR. education.

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 163 164 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update annexes France Finland Ethiopia Estonia Egypt Ecuador Djibouti Denmark of the Congo Democratic Republic Czech Republic Cyprus Croatia d'Ivoire Côte Rica Costa Congo Colombia China Chile Chad Canada Cameroon Bulgaria Brazil Benin Belgium Belarus Bangladesh Azerbaijan Austria Australia Armenia Argentina Algeria Afghanistan were: members 98 the 2016, In problems. refugee of solution to, the devotion and in, interest ademonstrated with others) and Nations United the of (members States those from basis geographical possible widest the on is Membership are heldCommittee at various dates throughout the year. Standing Committee’s Executive the of Meetings 2016. to 7October 2016 3October from held was session sixty-seventh The October. every Geneva in session annual an holds ExCom and administration. finances Office’s the oversee and issues), protection on (mainly functions his/her of exercise the in are to approve the High Commissioner advise the High Commissioner’s programmes, assistance tasks main Its Assembly. General the by to arequest pursuant 1958, in created –was (ExCom) Programme Commissioner’s High the of Committee Executive –the body governing UNHCR’s OF THEHIGHCOMMISSIONER’S PROGRAMME OF THEEXECUTIVCOMMITTEE

MEMBR S Peru Pakistan Norway Nigeria Nicaragua New Zealand Netherlands Namibia Mozambique Morocco Montenegro Mexico Madagascar Luxembourg Lesotho Lebanon Latvia Kenya Jordan Japan Italy Israel Ireland Iran (IslamicRepublic of) India Hungary Holy See Guinea Greece Ghana Germany Georgia T A TES

Zambia Yemen Republic (Bolivarian of) Venezuela Uruguay America of States United Tanzania of Republic United Ireland Northern Great Britain and United Kingdom of Uganda Turkmenistan Turkey Tunisia Togo Republic of Macedonia The former Yugoslav Thailand Switzerland Sweden Sudan Spain South Africa Somalia Slovenia Slovakia Serbia Senegal Rwanda Russian Federation Romania Moldova of Republic Republic of Korea Portugal Poland Philippines

P ARTIES TO THE 1951 CONVENTION RELATING TO THE STATUS OF REFUGEES AND/OR ITS 1967 PROTOCOL [ AS OF SEPTEMBER 2016 ] | 1951 CONVENTION |

| 1967 PROTOCOL | Afghanistan Canada Finland Liberia Portugal Tajikistan Albania Central African France Liechtenstein Rep. of Korea The former Algeria Republic Gabon Lithuania Rep. of Moldova Yugoslav Angola Chad Gambia Luxembourg Romania Rep. of Antigua and Chile Georgia Malawi Russian Macedonia Barbuda China Germany Mali Federation Timor-Leste Argentina Colombia Ghana Malta Rwanda Togo Armenia Congo Greece Mauritania Saint Vincent Trinidad and Australia Costa Rica Guatemala Mexico and the Tobago Austria Côte d’Ivoire Guinea Monaco Grenadines Tunisia Azerbaijan Croatia Guinea-Bissau Montenegro Samoa Turkey Bahamas Cyprus Haiti Morocco Sao Tome and Turkmenistan Belarus Czech Republic Holy See Mozambique Principe Tuvalu Belgium Dem. Rep. Honduras Namibia Senegal Uganda Belize of the Congo Hungary Nauru Serbia Ukraine Benin Denmark Iceland Netherlands Seychelles United Kingdom Bolivia Djibouti Iran New Zealand Sierra Leone of Great Britain (Plurinational Dominica (Islamic Rep. of) Nicaragua Slovakia and Northern State of) Dominican Ireland Niger Slovenia Ireland Bosnia and Republic Israel Nigeria Solomon Islands United Rep. of Herzegovina Ecuador Italy Norway Somalia Tanzania Botswana Egypt Jamaica Panama South Africa Uruguay Brazil El Salvador Japan Papua New Spain Yemen Bulgaria Equatorial Kazakhstan Guinea Sudan Zambia Cabo Verde Burkina Faso Guinea Kenya Paraguay Suriname Zimbabwe United States of America Burundi Estonia Kyrgyzstan Peru Swaziland Venezuela (Bolivarian Cambodia Ethiopia Latvia Philippines Sweden Rep. of) Cameroon Fiji Lesotho Poland Switzerland

Madagascar Saint Kitts and Nevis

P ARTIES TO THE 1954 CONVENTION RELATING TO THE STATUS OF STATELESS PERSONS AND/OR THE 1961 CONVENTION ON THE REDUCTION OF STATELESSNESS [ AS OF SEPTEMBER 2016 ]

| 1954 CONVENTION |

| 1961 CONVENTION | Albania Bosnia and Gambia Lesotho Norway Swaziland Argentina Herzegovina Georgia Liberia Panama Sweden Armenia Brazil Germany Libya Paraguay Tunisia Australia Bulgaria Guatemala Liechtenstein Peru Turkmenistan Austria Chad Guinea Lithuania Portugal Ukraine Azerbaijan Costa Rica Guinea-Bissau Mali Rep. of Moldova United Kingdom Belgium Côte d'Ivoire Honduras Montenegro Romania of Great Britain Canada Belize Croatia Hungary Mozambique Rwanda and Northern Colombia Benin Czech Republic Ireland Netherlands Senegal Ireland Jamaica Bolivia Denmark Italy Nicaragua Serbia Uruguay New Zealand (Plurinational Ecuador Kiribati Niger Sierra Leone State of) Finland Latvia Nigeria Slovakia

Algeria Luxembourg The former Antigua and Malawi Yugoslav Barbuda Mexico Rep. of Barbados Philippines Macedonia Botswana Rep. of Korea Trinidad and Burkina Faso Saint Vincent Tobago El Salvador and the Turkey Fiji Grenadines Uganda France Slovenia Zambia Greece Spain Zimbabwe Israel Switzerland

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 165 glossaryglossary

10-Point Plan of Action Asylum Brazil Plan of Action An action plan which seeks The granting of protection At the end of 2014, the to assist States in ensuring by a State on its territory governments of Latin that refugee protection to individuals from America and the Caribbean needs are recognized and another State who are met in Brasilia to mark the appropriately addressed fleeing persecution or 30th anniversary of the in situations of mixed serious danger. Asylum Cartagena Declaration migration. The Plan sets encompasses a variety of on Refugees of 1984. At out ten areas in which elements, including non- the end of the Ministerial UNHCR has an interest and refoulement, permission to Meeting, 28 countries and a potential role to play in remain on the territory of the three territories in Latin partnership with other key asylum country and humane America and the Caribbean actors. The Plan is especially standards of treatment. adopted by acclamation relevant to situations where the Declaration and Plan of refugees are at risk of AU Convention for the Action of Brasilia, agreeing refoulement or hazardous Protection and Assistance to work together to maintain onward movements. of Internally Displaced the highest standards Persons in Africa (Kampala of protection at the Agenda for Protection Convention) international and regional A declaration and This African Union level, implement innovative programme of action, Convention was adopted solutions for refugees and agreed by UNHCR and in 2009 and entered into displaced people, and end States as part of the force on 6 December the difficult situation faced Global Consultations on 2012. It is the first legally by stateless people in the International Protection, binding instrument on region. including six goals to internal displacement on improve the protection a continent-wide scope. It Cartagena Declaration on of refugees and asylum- provides a comprehensive Refugees seekers around the world. regional framework setting A Declaration adopted by The Agenda was endorsed out provisions for the a colloquium of experts in October 2002 by the protection and assistance of from the Americas in Executive Committee and IDPs. The Convention also November 1984. The welcomed by the General looks at the root causes of Declaration enlarges the Assembly. displacement and at ways 1951 Convention definition of to prevent it. refugee to include “persons Amicus curiae who have fled their country Latin for "friend of the court." Best interest assessment because their lives, safety A person or group who is/ Assessment made by staff or freedom have been are not a party to a particular regarding the individual threatened by generalized litigation but permitted by protection needs of violence, foreign aggression, the court to advise it in displaced children to ensure internal conflicts, massive respect to some matter of that care programmes give violation of human rights or law that directly affects the primary consideration to the other circumstances which case in question. child's best interests. have seriously disturbed public order.” Best interest determination While the Declaration is Formal process with strict not a treaty, its provisions Asylum-seeker procedural safeguards are respected across designed to determine Central America. This An individual who is seeking international the child's best interests refugee definition has protection. In countries with individualized for particularly important been incorporated in the procedures, an asylum-seeker is someone decisions affecting the legislation of most of the whose claim has not yet been finally decided on child. countries of the Americas. by the country in which the claim is submitted. Blue dots approach/centres Not every asylum-seeker will ultimately be Special support centres for recognized as a refugee, but every refugee was children and families set up by UNHCR and UNICEF. initially an asylum-seeker.

166 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update glossaryglossary

Comprehensive Solutions Children Strategies Strategies whereby UNHCR Persons who are below the legal age of majority engages with concerned and are therefore not legally independent. parties (including authorities This term includes adolescents. Under the in country of asylum, origin and affected refugee Convention on the Rights of the Child, a ‘child’ is themselves) with the aim of a person who is below the age of 18, unless the enhancing solutions applicable law sets a lower age. opportunities by applying a combination of durable solutions. These strategies have included support for voluntary repatriation; the Cash-based interventions and camp management, strategic use of resttlement; Refers to all interventions and protection in situations increased opportunities for in which cash or vouchers of conflict-related internal local integration; support to for goods or services are displacement. refugee-hosting community provided to refugees and by UNHCR, development other people of concern on Common Humanitarian partners and bilateral an individual or community Pipeline donors; as well as basis. The concept does not The Common Pipeline is a maximized opportunities for include cash or vouchers logistics solution designed greater mobility as a provided to governments for efficient response to pathway to solutions. or other state actors or large-scale humanitarian payments to humanitarian needs. In addition to Convention on workers or service providers. providing economies of the Reduction The term can be used scale, a single pipeline of Statelessness interchangeably with Cash provides uniformity in (1961 Convention) Based Transfers and Cash the items provided to all A treaty that provides for Transfer Programming. beneficiaries and assists in the acquisition of nationality the identification of gaps by those who would Cessation clauses in humanitarian assistance otherwise be stateless and Legal provisions that set and coordination of who have an appropriate out the conditions in which response. It was first link with the State, through refugee status comes to launched in 2004, during birth on the territory or an end because it is no the Darfur crisis. through descent from a longer needed or justified. national. Cessation clauses are found Community-based The Convention also in Article 1 (C) of the 1951 approach provides for the retention Convention and in Article I An inclusive partnership of nationality by those who (4) of the 1969 OAU Refugee strategy that recognizes would become stateless Convention. and builds on the capacities if they were to lose their and resources of people nationality to that State. Cluster Leadership of concern, by promoting UNHCR has been mandated Approach participation in programme with specific functions under Part of the overall UN-led activities. Article 11 of this Convention. humanitarian reform process initiated in 2005 aimed at Complementary protection Convention refugees improving the effectiveness Formal permission to reside People recognized as of humanitarian response in a country, extended by a refugees by States, under through improving country under national law the eligibility criteria the predictability or practice, to persons who in Article 1 of the 1951 and accountability of are in need of international Convention, and who are humanitarian actions. protection even though they entitled to the enjoyment of UNHCR has been do not qualify for 1951 a variety of rights under that designated the global Convention refugee status. treaty. cluster lead for emergency shelter, camp coordination

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 167 Convention relating Earmarking Exclusion clauses to the Status of Refugees A donor restriction that limits Legal provisions that deny (1951 Convention) or directs the purpose for the benefits of international This treaty establishes the which a contribution may be protection to persons who most widely applicable used. would otherwise satisfy the framework for the protection criteria for refugee status. of refugees. The Convention Unrestricted contributions In the 1951 Convention, was adopted in July 1951 (also referred to as the exclusion clauses are and entered into force in unearmarked funding) found in Articles 1D, 1E and April 1954. Article 1 of the No limitations on the use of 1F. These clauses apply to Convention limits its scope funds. the following categories: to “events occurring before • individuals who are 1 January 1951” but this Regional/subregional receiving protection or restriction was removed by earmarking assistance from United the 1967 Protocol relating to Broadly earmarked Nations agencies other than the Status of Refugees. contributions towards UNHCR; a region (e.g. Africa) or • individuals who possess Convention relating subregion (e.g. West Africa) the rights and obligations to the Status and towards Headquarters, attached to the possession of Stateless Persons Global Programmes. Broadly of nationality of their country (1954 Convention) earmarked contributions for of residence; A Convention that provides supplementary programmes • individuals in respect of the definition of a stateless that cover more than one whom there are serious person and establishes country, i.e. at subregional or reasons for considering that a framework by which a regional level for a specific they have committed a crime stateless person, who is situation (e.g. Somalia against peace, a war crime, lawfully resident in a State, situation). a crime against humanity, a can have legal status. The serious non-political crime, Convention was adopted Thematic earmarking or acts contrary to the in September 1954 and Contributions that are purposes and principles of entered into force in June earmarked for a specific the United Nations. 1960. theme at the subregional level or higher. Aligned with Executive Committee Dublin II Regulation the key themes identified of the High Commissioner’s A European Council in the Global Strategic Programme (ExCom) Regulation, effective from Priorities: protection policy; The Committee charged 1 September 2003, which registration, profiling and with approving UNHCR’s provides the legal basis for documentation; security assistance programmes, establishing the criteria and from sexual and gender- advising the High mechanism for determining based violence; child Commissioner on the the State responsible protection; basic health care; exercise of his/her for examining an asylum education; livelihoods; and functions and overseeing application in one of the durable solutions. the Office’s finances Member States of the EU and administration. (excluding Denmark), as well Country earmarking ExCom is composed as in Iceland, Liechtenstein, Contributions that are of representatives of Norway and Switzerland. earmarked for a specific 98 States (2016) with a country without any demonstrated interest in Durable solutions further limitations. Broadly refugee issues. Any means by which earmarked contributions the situation of refugees for supplementary Facilitated voluntary can be satisfactorily and programmes that cover repatriation permanently resolved, only one country. Even when conditions in enabling refugees to resume the country of origin are too a normal life. Traditionally, Sector earmarking difficult or dangerous for UNHCR pursues the Contributions that are the majority of refugees to three durable solutions earmarked at the country, return, UNHCR can assist of voluntary repatriation, regional or global levels (“facilitate”) the repatriation local integration, and for specific sectors and/ of any refugees who makes resettlement. or activities. All in-kind an informed and voluntary contributions and staff- decision to return, and related contributions, requests such assistance. including JPOs, consultants and secondees fall under this category.

168 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update Final budget The budget adopted by Grand Bargain the Executive Committee, adjusted with allocations An agreement reached in the lead-up to the World Humanitarian from the Operational Summit between the biggest donors and aid organizations across ten and the NAM Reserves, work streams, which aims to shrink the humanitarian funding gap and carry-over amounts, transfers, allocations and deliver more aid to the frontline. The initiative stemmed from the supplementary budgetary recommendations in the report of the UN Secretary-General’s High appropriations. Level Panel’s on Humanitarian Financing, “Too important to fail: First country of asylum addressing the humanitarian financing gap”. concept An asylum-seeker may be refused access to the asylum procedure in the country where the application has been made if the applicant has already Group-based protection Groups with specific needs Humanitarian programme found protection as a responses Individuals, families or cycle refugee in another country Approaches whereby the groups requiring additional A coordinated series of (i.e. where international protection and assistance support in order to enable actions undertaken to help protection has been made needs of refugees are them to overcome the prepare for, manage and available and is accessible met without previously challenges they face in deliver an inter-agency to the applicant). determining their status on accessing and enjoying humanitarian response. an individual basis. their rights. This approach was agreed Focus Appropriate where upon by IASC Principals as UNHCR’s results-based asylum-seekers arrive en Humanitarian Country Team part of the Transformative management software used masse and individualized Composed of organisations Agenda. to support the planning, procedures are neither undertaking humanitarian managing and monitoring of feasible nor necessary (the action that commit to Inter-Agency Standing its operations. cause of flight often being participate in coordination Committee self-evident). arrangements. Its The primary mechanism for Gender-related The two main approaches objective is to ensure inter-agency coordination persecution are recognition of refugee that the activities of of humanitarian assistance. Persecution that targets status on a prima facie such organisations are or disproportionately basis and temporary coordinated, and that affects a particular gender. protection. humanitarian action in- Under certain factual country is principled, timely, circumstances, gender- effective and efficient, and related persecution may contributes to longer-term come within the refugee recovery. definition. Graduation approach The graduation approach Internally displaced person is a poverty-reduction model that aims to An individual who has been forced or obliged to flee from the individual’s “graduate” people home or place of habitual residence, “…in particular as a result of or in in rural areas out of order to avoid the effects of armed conflicts, situations of generalized poverty through a sequenced combination violence, violations of human rights or natural or human-made disasters, of interventions. The and who have not crossed an internationally recognized State border” approach is part of (according to the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement). UNHCR’s Global Strategy for Livelihoods 2014-2018.

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 169 Malnutrition Master Plan International protection Cellular imbalance between A comprehensive settlement the supply of nutrients and plan that defines land use, All actions aimed at ensuring the equal energy and the body’s emphasizing its links to access to and enjoyment of the rights of demand for them to ensure the broader environment, women, men, girls and boys of concern to growth, maintenance, and enabling both refugees and specific functions. host communities to benefit UNHCR, in accordance with the relevant It is a general term for the from improved services and bodies of law (including international medical condition that is infrastructure. This approach humanitarian, human rights and refugee caused by an improper or integrates the spatial, social, insufficient nutrition, which cultural, environmental and law). is not adequate to maintain economic dynamics of a good health. particular location to ensure The adverse effects of all basic needs of the affected malnutrition include both population are addressed International Public Sector physical and developmental within one common vision. Accounting Standards manifestations. United Nations’ Accounting Mexico Plan of Action standards approved by the Global Acute Malnutrition (GAM) The Mexico Plan of Action, United Nations General is the measurement of launched in 2004, aims Assembly resolution (A/ the nutritional status of to enhance international Res/60/283) and adopted by a population (often used refugee protection in UNHCR since January 2012. in protracted refugee Latin America by further situations). It is one of developing international Junior Professional the basic indicators for refugee law, consolidating Officer assessing the severity of protection networks and Government-sponsored a humanitarian crisis. To improving the ability of young professional working evaluate levels of GAM, States to provide effective for UNHCR. the weight and height of protection to all persons children between 6 and in need. Its focus is on Kampala Convention 59 months are measured providing durable solutions See AU Convention. and used as a proxy for the for urban refugees, in health of the population as particular: self-reliance; the Lesbian, gay, bisexual, a whole. special needs of refugee transgender and intersex women; the Colombian People subject to serious Severe Acute Malnutrition conflict and its impact, as well human rights abuses • Kwashiorkor as solutions at border areas; because of their real or Malnutrition brought on by and the use of resettlement perceived sexual orientation a protein deficiency which opportunities in the region. and gender identity. causes fluids to drain from the blood into the stomach, Mixed migratory flows Level 3 emergency causing swelling. Movements of people from In the context of the IASC, one country and/or continent a Level 3 emergency is • Marasmus to another and may include typically a sudden-onset Resulting from a general both people who are in need complex emergency lack of calories, causing of international protection requiring the activation of a extreme emaciation with a and others who are not. UN system-wide response, loss of muscle and fat tissue. Mixed flows are likely with agreed mechanisms, It is considered a medical when a country of origin tools and procedures. In emergency and, untreated, is simultaneously affected addition, UN agencies will most often result in by human rights violations, have their own internal death. economic decline and an classification of levels of absence of opportunities emergency. Management Systems of livelihood. Such flows Renewal Project of people, involving both Local integration UNHCR’s computer systems refugees and migrants, are A durable solution to the for finance, supply chain, commonly referred to as plight of refugees that human resources and ‘mixed movements’. involves their permanent payroll. settlement in the country in which they sought asylum. Mandate Refugees People who are recognized as refugees by UNHCR acting under the authority of its Statute and relevant UN General Assembly resolutions. Mandate status is especially significant in States that are not party to the 1951 Refugee Convention or its 1967 Protocol.

170 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update Modified-cash basis order in either part or whole Modified cash-basis is an of the country of origin.” Prima facie refugees accounting method that combines elements of Participatory assessment Individuals who are recognized as refugees, the two major accounting A process of building by a State or UNHCR, on the basis of objective methods: the cash method partnerships with women and criteria related to the circumstances in their and the accrual method. The men of concern – of all ages cash method recognizes and backgrounds – through country of origin, justifying a presumption that income when it is received systematic, structured they meet the criteria of the applicable refugee and expenses when they dialogue on issues that they definition. are paid for whereas the identify as important. accrual method recognizes income when it is earned (for Person of concern to UNHCR example, when the terms of A person whose protection a contract are fulfilled) and and assistance needs are Protection expenses when they are of interest to UNHCR. This All activities aimed at incurred. The modified-cash includes refugees, asylum- obtaining full respect for basis method uses accruals seekers, stateless people, the rights of the individual, for long-term balance sheet internally displaced people in accordance with the elements and the cash-basis and returnees. letter and the spirit of the for short-terms ones. relevant bodies of law UNHCR currently prepares Principles of Partnership (i.e., international human its budget under the cash UNHCR endorsed the Global rights law, international basis, and will use the Humanitarian Platform's humanitarian law and modified-cash basis to Principles of Partnership in refugee law.) compare actual amounts to July 2007. These principles budget amounts as required set out common standards Protection, by IPSAS 24. of equality, transparency, monitoring and complementarity and a coordination New or Additional results-oriented approach In financial reports, the Activities — Mandate- among all humanitarian cost of UNHCR’s presence related Reserve groups. at operating locations (i.e. The NAM was established the direct cost of providing to facilitate the acceptance ProCap international protection of additional funding Mechanism to enhance the to refugee populations). from donors for activities UN protection response This differs from the consistent with the through provision of ‘Legal assistance’ sector, mandate and capacity of trained Protection Officers which refers to the cost UNHCR and the broad for short-term field of specific projects and/or objectives of a country assignments. materials. operation, but for which no express budgetary Programme support provision had been made. The costs of organizational units, whose primary OAU Convention Governing the functions are the Specific Aspects of Refugee formulation, development, Problems in Africa delivery and evaluation of This regional complement UNHCR programmes. to the 1951 Convention provides for a broader Promoted voluntary refugee definition. repatriation Adopted in 1969, the OAU Voluntary repatriation Convention stipulates that encouraged and the term “refugee” also organized by UNHCR, “applies to those fleeing when conditions are from external aggression, considered conducive occupation, foreign for a safe and dignified domination or events return of refugees. seriously disturbing public

Protection Information Management Principled, systematized, and collaborative processes to collect, process, analyse, store, share, and use data and information to enable evidence-informed action for quality protection outcomes.

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 171 Registration Levels Refugee Registration can be carried out in different A refugee is any person who, manners, depending on the “…owing to well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, operational circumstances religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political and data requirements. Level 1 Registration, often opinion, is outside the country of his [or her] nationality and is unable or, referred to as “household owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail him [or her]self of the protection registration”, gathers only of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the elementary information from persons of concern for the country of his [or her] former habitual residence as a result of such purpose of establishing a events, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it.” basic distribution system Article 1A(2) of the 1951 Convention or to provide demographic estimates. In Level 2 or Registration, limited personal “who is outside his/her country of origin or habitual residence and is data is collected from unable to return there because of serious and indiscriminate threats to each individual, for basic life, physical integrity or freedom resulting from generalized violence or planning, monitoring and protection activities. Level events seriously disturbing public order.” 3 Registration represents OAU Convention and Cartagena Declaration the most comprehensive recording of detailed personal data of persons of concern, which is required for individual case Refugee coordination Refugee status management and delivery of model determination durable solutions. In line with the High Legal and administrative Commissioner’s mandate, procedures undertaken Reintegration it outlines UNHCR’s by States and/or UNHCR A process which enables role and responsibilities to determine whether returnees to regain their and re-articulates and an individual should be physical, social, legal and standardises UNHCR’s recognized as a refugee in material security needed to responsibility to lead and accordance with national maintain life, livelihood and coordinate international and international law. dignity and which eventually actions relating to refugees leads to the disappearance with all partners engaged of any observable in the response through distinctions vis-à-vis their an inter-agency platform compatriots. and under the overall leadership of the host government. Refoulement Refugee-like situation The removal of a person to a territory where The category of people in a refugee-like situation is he/she would be at risk of being persecuted, or descriptive in nature and being moved to another territory where he/she includes groups of people would face persecution. Under international who are outside their refugee law and customary international law, country of origin and who face protection risks similar refoulement is permitted only in exceptional to those of refugees, but for circumstances. whom refugee status has, for practical or other reasons, not been ascertained.

172 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update Resettlement The transfer of refugees Rights groups from the country in which they have sought asylum Rights groups are thematic groupings of to another State that has objectives with a similar theme used for agreed to admit them. The planning and budgeting. There are nine refugees will usually be granted asylum or some rights groups for different areas of protection, other form of long-term assistance, external relations and operations resident rights and, in support. For example, the objectives for many cases, will have the opportunity to become shelter, water and sanitation services are all naturalized citizens. For this grouped under the rights group “basic needs reason, resettlement is a and essential services.” durable solution as well as a tool for the protection of refugees. It is also a practical example of international burden and responsibility protected from refoulement are placing heavy sharing. and will be able to seek and financial demands on the enjoy asylum in accordance organization. Results-based management with accepted international A management philosophy standards. Self-reliance and approach that In the refugee context, the emphasize the achievement Secondary movements ability of an asylum-seeker of results as the essential The notion refers to asylum- or refugee to provide for his/ task of management. seekers and refugees her own living needs, and moving independently from those of his/her dependants. Safe third country concept their first host country to An asylum-seeker may another country in search of Sexual and gender-based be refused access to protection and solutions. violence the asylum procedure in Acts that inflict physical, the country where the Seeds for Solutions mental or sexual harm or application has been made A UNHCR initiative to suffering, threats of such if responsibility for assessing help ensure investment in acts, coercion or arbitrary the asylum application solutions to displacement deprivation of liberty, that in substance is assumed whenever opportunities target individuals or groups by a third country, where arise, even when of individuals on the basis of the asylum-seeker will be humanitarian emergencies their gender. Sphere Project The Sphere Project was Returnee launched in 1997 by a group of humanitarian NGOs and A person who was of concern to UNHCR the Red Cross and Red when outside his/her country of origin and who Crescent movement. The project has developed remains so, for a limited period (usually two several tools such as years), after returning to the country of origin. a handbook in order The term also applies to internally displaced to improve the quality people who return to their previous place of of assistance provided to people affected by residence. disasters, and to enhance the accountability of the humanitarian system in disaster response.

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 173 from migrant smuggling Solutions Alliance may sometimes be obvious, in many cases Aims to improve the lives of displaced they are difficult to prove people—and the communities that host without active investigation. them—by responding more collaboratively Transformative Agenda to displacement and contributing to durable The Transformative Agenda solutions. It promotes and enables the of the IASC was adopted in December 2011. It is a set transition for displaced persons away from of concrete actions aimed dependency towards increased resilience, at transforming the way self-reliance, and development. See more at in which the humanitarian http://www.solutionsalliance.org/ community responds to emergencies. It focuses on improving the timeliness and effectiveness of the collective response through Subsidiary protection en masse from situations stronger leadership, more Beneficiaries of subsidiary of conflict or generalized effective coordination protection are persons violence, without structures, and improved who have been found not prior individual status accountability for to meet the Convention determination. Temporary performance and to affected definition of a refugee protection has been mostly people. but who face a real risk used in industrialized of serious harm. This States. Transitional Solutions includes the death penalty Initiative or execution, torture or Trafficking (human) The TSI promotes inhuman or degrading The organized illegal collaboration between treatment, or a serious and movement of persons humanitarian and individual threat to their for profit. The critical development actors and life or person by reason of additional factor that national governments in indiscriminate violence in distinguishes trafficking order to find solutions and situations of armed conflict. from migrant smuggling self-reliance for displaced is the use of force, people and local community Temporary Protection coercion and/or deception members. An arrangement or device throughout, or at some developed by States to offer stage in the process. While protection, of a temporary the additional elements nature, to persons arriving that distinguish trafficking

Stateless person Person who is not considered as a national, by any State under the operation of its law, including people whose nationality is not established.

174 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update UN Secretary-General’s Policy Committee Decision Unaccompanied and separated children on Durable Solutions This decision Children who are not in the company of establishes priorities parents or another adult caregiver in a situation and responsibilities in of displacement. supporting the sustainable reintegration of returning refugees and internally displaced persons in the aftermath of conflict. United Nations Volunteers • To initiate a set of UN security-level system The volunteer arm of the concrete actions and United Nations which serves commitments to countries The UN security level and communities to better system (SLS) is designed as an operational partner in development cooperation at prepare for and respond to to describe accurately the crises, and be resilient to security environment that the request of UN member States. It deploys qualified shocks; and exists in an area or location • To share best practices where the United Nations volunteers to different UN organizations. which can help save lives operates. around the world, put A security level is World Humanitarian affected people at the determined using Summit centre of humanitarian a structured threat Held in Istanbul, Turkey, action, and alleviate assessment, which evaluates on 23-24 May, the Summit suffering. five categories: armed was an initiative of the conflict, terrorism, crime, UN Secretary-General. It had civil unrest and hazards. three main goals: Following this evaluation, a • To re-inspire and security level is determined reinvigorate a commitment which is as: to humanity and to the universality of humanitarian 1 - Minimal; principles; 2 - Low; 3 - Moderate; 4 - Substantial; 5 - High; Voluntary Repatriation 6 - Extreme. Return to the country of origin based on As the level changes, there are specific actions required the refugees’ free and informed decision. within the UN Security Voluntary repatriation is one of the three Management system. durable solutions and may be organized (when it takes place under the auspices of the concerned governments and/or UNHCR) or spontaneous (the refugees return by their own means with no involvement of UNHCR and governments). See also ‘facilitated’ and ‘promoted voluntary repatriation’.

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 175 Acronyms

ADB Asian Development Bank DRC Danish Refugee Council HLCP High-Level Committee on Programmes (UN) AfDB African Development Bank EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development HPC Humanitarian programme cycle AGDM Age, gender and diversity mainstreaming EC European Commission HRP Humanitarian Response Plan AGD Age, gender and diversity ECA Economic Commission for IASC Inter-Agency Standing Africa (UN) Committee ALAC Advice and Legal Aid Centre ECHA Executive Committee on IATI International Aid Transparency ART Anti-retroviral therapy Humanitarian Affairs (UN) Initiative ASEAN Association of Southeast ECHO Directorate-General for ICMC International Catholic Asian Nations European Civil Protection and Migration Commission Humanitarian Aid Operations AU African Union ICRC International Committee of the AU/PSC African Union Peace and ECOSOC Economic and Social Red Cross Council (UN) Security Council ICT Information and communications BIMS Biometric Identity Management ECOWAS Economic Community of technology West Africa States System ICVA International Council of BPA Brazil Plan of Action ECRE European Council on Refugees Voluntary Agencies and Exiles CARICOM Carribean Community IDMC Internal Displacement EDF European Development Fund Monitoring Centre CBIs Cash-based interventions EPI Expanded programme on IDP Internally displaced person CBPF country-based pooled fund(s) immunization IFRC International Federation of Red CCCM Camp coordination and camp ERC Emergency Relief Coordinator Cross and Red Crescent Societies management (cluster) (UN) IGAD Intergovernmental Authority on CEB Chief Executives Board for ERT Emergency Response Team Development Coordination (UN) EU European Union ILO International Labour CEDAW Convention on the Organization Elimination of All Forms of ExCom Executive Committee of the Discrimination Against Women High Commissioner’s Programme IM Information management CEDB Council of Europe FAO Food and Agriculture IMF International Monetary Fund Organization (UN) Development Bank IOM International Organization for CERF Central Emergency Response GAM Global acute malnutrition Migration Fund GCC Cooperation Council for the IPSAS International Public Sector CoE Council of Europe Arab states of the Gulf Accounting Standards COI Country of origin information GDP Gross Domestic Product IRC International Rescue Committee COP Country Operations Plan GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für ITC International Trade Centre Internationale Zusammenarbeit CPR Conflict Prevention and Post- (German Agency for International ITU International Telecommunication Conflict Reconstruction Network Cooperation) Union CRIs Core relief items GSP Global Strategic Priority (for IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature CRRF Comprehensive Refugee UNHCR) Results Framework GWA Goodwill Ambassador (for IYCF Infant and young child feeding CTA Community technology access UNHCR) JAM Joint Assessment of Needs Mission DAFI German Albert Einstein HALEP High alert list for emergency Academic Scholarship Programme preparedness JICA Japan International for Refugees HCT Humanitarian Country Team Cooperation Agency DFID Department for International HIV and AIDS Human JIPS Joint IDP Profiling Service Development (United Kingdom) Immunodeficiency Virus and JPO Junior Professional Officer DPA Department of Political Affairs Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome LAIC Legal Aid and Information (UN) Centre DPKO Department of Peacekeeping HLCM High-Level Committee on Operations (UN) Management (UN)

176 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update Acronyms

LGBTI Lesbian, gay, bisexual, PSP Private Sector Partnerships UNEP United Nations Environment transgender and intersex Programme QIP Quick Impact Project LoU Letter of Understanding UNESCO United Nations Educational, RAHA Refugee Affected and Hosting Scientific and Cultural Organization MDGs Millennium Development Goals Areas (Pakistan) UNFCCC United Nations Framework MERCOSUR Mercado Común del Sur RBM Results-based management Convention on Climate Change (Common Market of the South) RCM Refugee Coordination Model UNFPA United Nations Population MINURSO United Nations Mission for Fund the Referendum in Western Sahara RSD Refugee status determination RRP Refugee Response Plan UN-Habitat United Nations Human MONUSCO United Nations Settlements Programme Stabilization Mission in the SDC Swiss Agency for Development Democratic Republic of the Congo and Cooperation UNHAS United Nations Humanitarian Air Service MOSS Minimum Operating Security SDG Sustainable Development Goals Standards UNICEF United Nations Children’s SENS Standardized expanded Fund MoU Memorandum of nutrition surveys Understanding UNIDO United Nations Industrial SGBV Sexual and gender-based Development Organization MSB Swedish Civil Contingencies violence Agency UNITAR United Nations Institute for SIDA Swedish International Training and Research MSRP Management Systems Development Cooperation Agency Renewal Project UNMAS United Nations Mine Action SRSA Swedish Rescue Services Service NATO North Atlantic Treaty Agency Organization UNMIK United Nations Interim SRSG Special Representative of the Administration Mission in Kosovo NEPAD The New Partnership for United Nations Secretary-General Africa's Development UNMIL United Nations Mission in THW Technisches Hilfswerk (German Liberia NFIs Non-food items Federal Agency for Technical Relief) UNMISS United Nations Mission in NGO Non-governmental TSI Transitional Solutions Initiative South Sudan organization UN Women United Nations entity UNODC United Nations Office on NRC Norwegian Refugee Council for gender equality and the Drugs and Crime empowerment of women OAS Organization of American UNOPS United Nations Office for States UNAIDS Joint United Nations Project Services Programme on HIV/AIDS OCHA Office for the Coordination of UNRWA United Nations Relief Humanitarian Affairs (UN) UNAMA United Nations Assistance and Works Agency for Palestine ODA Official Development Mission for Afghanistan Refugees Assistance UNAMI United Nations Assistance UNSMS United Nations Security OECD Organization for Economic Mission for Iraq Management System Cooperation and Development UNAMID African Union/United UNVs United Nations Volunteers Nations Hybrid operation in Darfur OFDA Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster WASH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Assistance UNCT United Nations Country Team (cluster) OHCHR Office of the High UNCTAD United Nations Conference WFP World Food Programme Commissioner for Human Rights on Trade and Development (UN) WHO World Health Organization UNDAF United Nations Development OIC Organization of Islamic Assistance Framework WHS World Hummanitarian Summit Cooperation UNDG United Nations Development OIOS Office of Internal Oversight Group Services (UN) UNDP United Nations Development OSCE Organization for Security and Programme Cooperation in Europe UNDSS United Nations Department PIM Protection Information of Safety and Security Management

UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 177 oto: UNHCR / A. SAKKAB h p

178 UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update UNHCR Global Appeal 2017 Update 179 credits

UNHCR wishes to acknowledge the contributions of all staff and consultants at Headquarters and in the field who have participated in the preparation of the narrative, financial and graphic components of this document.

Concept design: UNHCR

Layout design, production and printing: Multimedia Design and Production, International Training Centre of the ILO, Turin – Italy

The maps in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of UNHCR concerning the legal status of any country or territory or area, of its authorities, or the delimitation of frontiers or boundaries.

All statistics are provisional and subject to change.

UNHCR PO BOX 2500 1211 Geneva 2 Switzerland Tel: 0041 22 739 81 35, Fax: 0041 22 739 73 58 Email: [email protected] http://reporting.unhcr.org and www.unhcr.org

Cover photo: Nuzha from Aleppo, 39, with two of her children, Mustafa, 1, and Hassan, 10, in the Pioneer Camp for internally displaced persons in Tartous, Syria.

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