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Ground Water Jordan Valley Utah

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Ground Water Jordan Valley Utah Ground Water in the Jordan Valley Utah By G. H. TAYLOR and R. M. LEGGETTE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1029 Prepared in cooperation with Salt Lake City UNITED STATES GOV-ERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1949 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR J. A. Krug, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. E. Wrather, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price $1.50 (paper cover) CONTENTS Page Abstract_-__.--_______-_--_-------_----------_----------_----_---_ 1 Introduction._ ____________----_-___-__-____----_-----_-_-_-___-_-_ 4 Climate _____-____-___-__--_----_-_------------___---_---_---_---- 5 Physiography and geology-_______________________________________r _ & Surface-waters ____________________________________________________ 14 Grouiftid^iieater conditions___________________________________________ 16 General conditions _____________________________________________ 16 Artesian reservoir-____________________________________________ 16 Area of artesian flow___________________________________________ 17 Piezometric surface____________________________________________ 18 Ground-water recharge._____________________________________________ 19 General conditions..______-__-__-----_-_--_______________-_-_-_ 19 Recharge from precipitation.__ _________________________________ 19 Recharge by seepage from irrigation canals.______________________ 22 Recharge by seepage from irrigated lands.________________________ 23 Recharge by seepage from stream channels _______________________ 24 Li^ye* Cottonwood Creek__________________________________ 24 Big Cottonwood Creek._____"!______________________________ 26 Neffs Canyon Creek. ______________________________________ 27 Mill Creek-_-_____________________________________________ 28 Parleys Creek__-_-_-________----____-_________.______--___ . 28 Emigration, Red Butte, and City Creeks.____________________ 29 Summary of ground-water recharge,_____________________________ 29 Ground-water discharge____________________________________________ 30 Gener^jJL^onditjons- _ --_--_______-----_----_____--__-_______--__ 30 Nonthermal springs.___________________________________________ 30 Thermal springs.______________________________________________ 35 Discharge by evaporation and transpiration _______________________ 41 Gain in flow in tributaries to the Jordan River ____________________ 41 Gain in flow in the Jordan River, exclusive of tributaries. __._._--__ 42 Discharge from wells______-____________________________________ 44 Estimate of the total ground-water discharge____________________ 45 Quality of water______-____________________________________________ 46 * General character IJ1 _ _ _ _' r_ ____________________________________ 46 Total dissolved solids __________________________________________ 46 Chloride______________________________________________________ 47 Fluoride__ _ _____'______________________________________________ 55 Hardness _____________________________________________________ 56 Water for irrigation..__________________________________________ 56 Types of water in the Jordan Valley_ ____________________________ 57 Temperature of ground water___________________________________ 61 Fluctuations of water level and artesian pressure______________________ 62 Characteristics by districts__ __________________________!________ 62 Fluctuations caused by recharge.-_______________________________ 70 Fluctuations caused by changes of atmospheric pressure-___________ 71 Fluctuations caused by earthquakes _____________________________ 76 in IV CONTENTS Fluctuations of water level and artesian pressure Continued Page Fluctuations caused by transpiration.____________________________ 81 Fluctuations caused by pumping. __ _-_^_____,___________________ 82 Compressibility and elasticity of artesian aquifers-_.__.-__.___________ 85 Interference between wells________.______ __________________________ 88 Interference tests._--------__-___-____________.-._-_-__________ 88 Test l--___-----__________-_____-__._____________________ 88 Test 2________________________________________________ 91 Test 3_-__________________________________________________ j, 93 Test 4________________________________________________ .93 Test 5______________-_________.___________________________ 95 Operation A__________________________________________ 95 Operation B_______--__._.-__.__.___-__-_____^______ 96 Operation C__________________________________________ 96 Operation D__________________________________________ 99 ; Operation £____.____-__._.____.__-.-___-___._________ 100 Operation F___ ___________________________________ _ 100 Operation G________________________________________^_ 100 Operation H__-_____-_______-______,__________________ 101 Operation I____-_________.__ __-______-___--_______^__ 101 Operation J-__.,__-___-__,___-_-_-_.._----________- 102 Operation K__-_--_.____-_-____-____----__-----_---_-_ 102 Test 6_________________________-_-_-_-___---__,__-_ -__- 102 Operation A._.___-_______--_----_-------_--------_--- 102 Operation B________..________.___......__.______-_- 103 Test 7_____-____-___--______-_--_--__--_----_--,--- -_,__ 103 Test8_ ___-_--_-----___---_------------------_-----,--- 107 Summary of tests 1 to 8-__-__-____-_-------------------~---'v--_ HO Well-drilling methods. _______________________-.-_-__-_-___---___-__- 112 Emergency well drilling by Salt Lake City Corporation during 1934_____ 115 Well logs---------------------------------------------------------- 118 Records of stream flow_--__________________________________________ 134 City Creek near Salt Lake City, Utah-----.-------------------,-- 134 Emigration Creek near Salt Lake City-_____________-_----___-___ 137 Parleys Creek near Salt Lake City___________----_--_--_-__-__:__ 140 Mill Creek near Salt Lake City____--------_-_---------_---___. 144 Big Cottomvood Creek near Salt Lake City_______________________ 146 Little Cottonwood Creek near Salt Lake City-________-_--___--___ 150 Little Cottonwood Creek at 2d West Street, near Murray, Utah____, _ 153 Big Cottonwood Creek at 9th East and 48th South Streets, near Murray _______________________---_-_--_-_----------------_, 155 Spring Run at 9th East and 48th South Streets, near Murray------- 157 Big Cottonwood Creek at 2d West Street, near Murray. ___________ 160 Mill Creek near mouth-___--_____-_-__-__--------------------_- 162 Miscellaneous stream-flow measurements__________-___-_--_--____ 163 Well records_____________-__--______-_-__------_--_--------------- 164 Diameter of we]ls_______-_--_____--_-------------------------L_- 164 Depth of wells________________-_---_------_--_------_--------_ 164 Water level in wells_-____--______-_-__---_-.---_------------,--- 165 Artesian flow- ____________________--_---_--------------------_ 166 Filling by sand___._-___-_---____- _^-- --_-_-------------_----__- 167 Records of individual wells, including records of water level-----^__ 169 Index._______________-___-_------_--_---------------------------- 357 CONTENTS ILLUSTRATIONS Pager PLATE 1. Index map of Utah showing areas covered by ground-water investigations._____________________________^_____ In pocket 2. Map of Jordan Valley, Salt Lake County, Utah, showing the position of the Bonneville and ProvO benches, area of artesian flow, 1931-33, and location of wells drilled by Salt Lake City Corporation during 1934__________________________ In pocket 3. A, Deltaic deposition near the mouth of Parleys Canyon, NW % sec. 26, T. 1 S., R. 1 E.; B, C, Beach gravels of Provo stage in gravel pit, SE% SW% sec. 26, T. 1 S., R. 1 E________ 18 4. Wave-cut cliff in Traverse Mountains on east side of Jordan Narrows at south end of Jordan Valley, Utah: A, View from west side of valley; B, Near view.---.------------------- 34 5. Map of Jordan Valley showing average altitude of the ground- water surface during November 1931 and location of obser­ vation wells__-_---_-_--______________________-_--- In pocket 6. Map of Jordan Valley showing chloride content of the ground water-_______----__--________________________--__ In pocket 7. Fresh-water spring in bed of Great Salt Lake about 1 mile from the recent lake shore line: A, The mound as seen from the recent lake shore line; B, Near view of mound showing sun­ flower, milkweed, and tule growth; C, Near view of one of the spring outlets________-____________________--_-___-_-_- 35 8. Map showing location of wells operated and observed during interference tests_________________________________- In pocket 9. Hydrographs of observation wells, with barometric pressure and record of time of pumping from artesian wells by Salt Lake City during interference test 1________________ In pocket 10. Hydrographs of observation wells, with barometric pressure and record of time of pumping from artesian wells by Salt Lake City during interference test 2__________________---_- In pocket 11. Hydrograph of well (D-2-1) 16bbd9, September 5-14,1933_ In pocket 12. Hydrograph of well (D-2-1) 16baa8, September 3-15, 1933_. In pocket 13. Hydrographs of well (D-2-1) 8ada3, September 3-16, well (D-2-l)8ccdl, September 11-13, and well (D-2-1) 16bablO, October 2-7, 1933______________________________ In pocket 14. Recording-gage installations on flowing wells in the Jordan Valley: A, Water-stage recorder installation, 10-inch gal­ vanized iron casing installed over a 3-inch well to a height to stop flow; B, Temporary pressure-recording gage installation. 170 FIGURE 1. System of well numbering adopted in Utah________________ . 6 2. Annual
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