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Las Reformas Universitarias En Ecuador (2009-2016)

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Las Reformas Universitarias En Ecuador (2009-2016) LAS REFORMAS UNIVERSITARIAS EN ECUADOR (2009-2016) Extravíos, ilusiones y realidades UNIVERSIDAD ANDINA SIMÓN BOLÍVAR, SEDE ECUADOR Toledo N22-80 • Teléfonos: (593 2) 322 8085, 299 3600 Fax: (593 2) 322 8426 • Apartado postal: 17-12-569 • Quito, Ecuador E-mail: [email protected] • http: www.uasb.edu.ec Santiago Cabrera Narváez, Cristina Cielo, Kintia Moreno Yánez y Pablo Ospina Peralta (editores) LAS REFORMAS UNIVERSITARIAS EN ECUADOR (2009-2016) Extravíos, ilusiones y realidades Quito, 2017 LAS REFORMAS UNIVERSITARIAS EN ECUADOR (2009-2016) Extravíos, ilusiones y realidades © Santiago Cabrera Narváez, Cristina Cielo, Kintia Moreno Yánez y Pablo Ospina Peralta (editores) Primera edición: Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, Sede Ecuador Quito, octubre de 2017 Coordinación editorial: Comité de Publicaciones Revisión editorial: Xavier Arguello Diseño gráfico y armado: Juan A. Manangón Cubierta: Santiago Cárdenas ISBN Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar: 978-9978-19-830-8 Impresión: Ediciones Fausto Reinoso Tiraje: 300 ejemplares La versión original del texto que aparece en este libro fue sometida a un proceso de revisión de pares ciegos, conforme a las normas de publicación de la Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, Sede Ecuador. ÍNDICE GENERAL Agradecimientos 7 Siglas utilizadas 9 Prólogo Pablo Ospina Peralta 13 I. LA UNIVERSIDAD Y EL ESTADO ECUATORIANO La universidad que pensamos y sus desafíos: Crítica al modelo tecno-burocrático Jaime Breilh Paz y Miño 23 Universidad y desarrollo: Una arqueología del discurso universitario en Ecuador Pedro Bravo Reinoso 33 Universidad, Estado y autonomía Esthela Alfonsina Andrade Ortega 53 II. LA ELABORACIÓN DE POLÍTICAS DE EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR Análisis de la reforma a la educación superior ecuatoriana en el período 2008-2013 Tania Zabala 73 La “misión” de la política de investigación e innovación en la ruta gubernamental del Buen Vivir Yolanda Alfaro 87 La selección del ENES como determinante en la falla de la política de acceso a la edu- cación superior en Ecuador Katherine Vásquez 99 III. EVALUACIÓN Y CALIDAD Los rankings universitarios Arturo Villavicencio 127 Calidad en la educación superior ecuatoriana: ¿Para qué?, ¿para quién? María Mercedes Zerega y Manuel Murrieta 153 ¿Desde qué concepción de educación se evalúan las carreras universitarias? Bart van der Bijl 177 6 ¿Qué vínculos con cuáles colectividades? La vinculación con la sociedad en las insti- tuciones y reformas universitarias Cristina Cielo y Lucía Pérez Martínez 197 IV. INGRESO Y ESTUDIANTES Políticas de exclusión de la Revolución ciudadana en el acceso a la universidad Milton Luna Tamayo 221 ENES: Las promesas pendientes de la meritocracia Kintia Moreno Yánez y Santiago Cabrera Narváez 251 Caracterización socioeconómica de los estudiantes que acceden al sistema de educa- ción superior del Ecuador Alicia Guerrero, César Avilés y María Fernanda Loor 267 Ingreso a la universidad pública: Percepciones de los estudiantes Ana Liliana Delgado Granda y Ángel Rodrigo Japón Gualán 283 El ingreso a la educación superior pública ecuatoriana: (Des)igualdades sociales y emociones Paola Viera Córdova 309 V. SOCIEDAD, UNIVERSIDAD, MERCADO Políticas de educación superior y cambio de matriz productiva Christian Escobar Jiménez 331 El campo artístico en Ecuador, apuntes sobre la educación y el mercado (estudio de caso de la Universidad de las Artes) Santiago Campos Naranjo 363 Metodologías intra-interculturales de aprendizaje de saberes indígenas en la Universidad Intercultural Amawtay Wasi-Ecuador Wilson Mauro Shakai Kaniras 383 Educación superior intercultural y política pública en Ecuador: Miradas desde el análisis de la Universidad Intercultural Amawtay Wasi Sergio E. Hernández Loeza y Paola A. Vargas Moreno 403 ANEXO Lineamientos de políticas públicas para la educación superior (2017-2022) Grupos de Trabajo Universidad y Sociedad Quito, Guayaquil y Cuenca 427 Autoras y autores 439 AGRADECIMIENTOS Este libro le debe su existencia al trabajo de muchas personas que pusieron esfuerzo, voluntad e inteligencia para hacerlo posible. A riesgo de imperdonables omisiones, los editores queremos agradecer de manera es- pecial a algunos amigos, amigas, colegas y colaboradores. A Milton Luna y Mónica Mancero, miembros del grupo de trabajo Universidad y Sociedad de Quito; a Tina Zerega, Marena Briones, y en su nombre, a todas las amigas del grupo de trabajo Universidad y Sociedad de Guayaquil, quienes leyeron y debatieron algunos artículos de este texto y contribuyeron a mejorarlo. A Francisco Hidalgo, decano de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas de la Universidad Central del Ecuador; a Jaime Breilh, rector de la Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, Sede Ecuador, y a Fernando Sem- pértegui, rector de la UCE, que animaron y facilitaron la organización de la Conferencia Nacional donde se presentaron las ponencias que dieron origen a este libro. A Freddy Chachapoya, Jéssica Macas, Andrea Rodríguez, Verónica Cor dero y Sonia Ortega, por su apoyo en la logística, el diseño y la organiza- ción práctica de esa conferencia, desde la UCE y la UASB-E. A Ernesto Anaguano, Xavier Argüello y Shirma Guzmán quienes hicieron un magnífico trabajo, bajo presión, para la corrección, edición y revisión del manuscrito lleno de errores que les entregamos, y al apoyo del Comité de Publicaciones de la UASB-E. SIGLAS UTILIZADAS AHK: Cámara de Industria Ecuatoriano-Alemana BGU: Bachillerato General Unificado BID: Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo CEAACES: Consejo de Evaluación, Acreditación y Aseguramiento de la Calidad de la Educación Superior CES: Consejo de Educación Superior CEUPE: Confederación de Estudiantes Universitarios y Politécnicos del Ecuador CMES: Conferencia Mundial de Educación Superior CNCE: Consejo Nacional de Cine del Ecuador CODAE: Corporación de Desarrollo Afroecuatoriano (antes Consejo) CODENPE: Consejo de Desarrollo de las Nacionalidades y Pueblos del Ecuador Código INGENIOS: Código Orgánico de la Economía Social del Conocimiento y la Innovación COESCi: Código Orgánico de la Economía Social del Conocimiento y la Innovación CONADE: Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo CONEA: Consejo Nacional de Evaluación y Acreditación CONUEP: Consejo Nacional de Universidades y Escuelas Politécnicas CONESUP: Consejo Nacional de Educación Superior CONICET: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas (Argen- tina) CRESALC: Centro Regional para la Educación Superior en América Latina y el Caribe (UNESCO) CRES: Conferencia Regional de Educación Superior CSE: Contrato Social por la Educación CSNM: Conservatorio Superior Nacional de Música de Quito CTT: Centros de Transferencia Tecnológica DINEIB: Dirección Nacional de Educación Intercultural Bilingüe ETT Educación técnica y tecnológica ENES: Examen Nacional para la Educación Superior ENEMDU: Encuesta Nacional de Empleo,Desempleo y Subempleo EPN: Escuela Politécnica Nacional ESPOL: Escuela Politécnica del Litoral 10 FD: Formación dual FEPE: Federación de Estudiantes Politécnicos del Ecuador FEPON: Federación de Estudiantes de la Escuela Politécnica Nacional FESE: Federación de Estudiantes Secundarios del Ecuador FEUE: Federación de Estudiantes Universitarios del Ecuador FLACSO: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales FOPEDEUPO: Fondo Permanente de Desarrollo Universitario y Politécnico FUNDACYT: Fundación Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología GAR: Grupo de Alto Rendimiento IAEN: Instituto de Altos Estudios Nacionales ICCI: Instituto Científico de Culturas Indígenas I+D+i: Investigación, desarrollo e innovación IECE: Instituto Ecuatoriano de Crédito Educativo y Becas IES: Instituciones de Educación Superior IKIAM: Universidad Regional Amazónica INEC: Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos INIAP: Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias ISTT: Institutos Superiores Técnicos y Tecnológicos ISPED: Institutos Superiores Pedagógicos ISPEDIB: Institutos Superiores Pedagógicos Interculturales Bilingües JUNAPLA: Junta Nacional de Planificación y Coordinación Económica LGBTI: Lesbianas, Gay, Bisexuales y Transexuales e Intersexuales LOES: Ley Orgánica de Educación Superior MAGAP: Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca MCPEC: Ministerio Coordinador de la Política Económica MPD: Movimiento Popular Democrático NBI: Necesidades Básicas Insatisfechas ONG: Organización No Gubernamental PGD: Plan General de Desarrollo Económico y Social 1964- 1973 PITD: Plan Integral de Transformación y Desarrollo Nacional 1973-1976 PND: Plan Nacional de Desarrollo del Gobierno Democrático 1980-1984 PNBV: Plan Nacional del Buen Vivir PRODEPINE: Proyecto de Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas y Negros del Ecuador PRONACA: Procesadora Nacional de Alimentos, Compañía Anónima PUCE: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador REDU: Red Ecuatoriana de Universidades y Escuelas Politécnicas para Investigación y Posgrados RICYT: Red de Indicadores de Ciencia y Tecnología SENACYT: Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología SIGLAS UTILIZADAS 11 SENESCYT: Secretaría Nacional de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación SENPLADES: Secretaría Nacional de Planificación y Desarrollo SES: Sistema de Educación Superior SICES: Sistema Integrado de Conocimiento y Estadística Social del Ecuador SIISE: Sistema Integrado de Indicadores Sociales del Ecuador SISPAE: Sistema de Indicadores Sociales del Pueblo Afroecuatoriano SITEAL: Sistema de Información de Tendencias Educativas en América Latina SIN: Sistema Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología, Innovación y Saberes Ancestrales SNIESE: Sistema Nacional de Información de la Educación Superior del Ecuador
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