April 26, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12305 areas shall be deemed in all respects to be "(2) The operator may not disturb land ited to that amount necessary to facllitate part of the lands affected by surface coal above the top of the highwall unless the said compliance. mining operations. Such offsite spoil storage regulatory authority finds that such dis­ "(3) For the purposes of this section, the areas shall be designed by a registered en­ turbance wlll facilitate compliance with the term "steep slope" is any slope above twenty gineer in conformance with profes<>ional degrees or such lesser slope as may be defined st'lndards established to assure the stability, environmental protection standards of this by the regulatory authority after considera­ drainage, and configuration necessary for the section: Provided. however. That the land tion of soil, climate, and other characteris­ intended use of the site. disturbed above the highwall shall be lim- tics of a region or State."

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS FIRST JOHN SHERMAN COOPER sary and proper for executing the powers of sible by such men as Arthur Vandenberg, LECTURE government. my own political mentor, who championed The President was assigned the powers of bipartisanship in foreign affairs and helped Commander-in-chief of the army and navy; cement with President Truman a common HON. JOHN J. RHODES the appointment of ambassadors, judges and bond of purpose in international relations OF ARIZONA other public officials; the veto of congres­ between the legislative and executive sional legislation; and the power to convene branches of government. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Congress in special session. Working together, it was an easy and re­ Tuesday, April 26, 1977 With powers thus divided, neither branch warding task to guide public opinion and was intended to dominate the other. mandate government resources for such Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, recently Yet each has established a clear dom­ monumental efforts as the Marshall Plan, former President Ford gave the John inance at different stages in our history. the Point Four program, and NATO. Sherman Cooper Lecture at the Univer­ In 1885. a young Woodrow Wllson publish­ Consensus was also made possible by the sity of Kentucky. I think it would be of ed his doctoral dissertation on the subject recognition of a growing threat from the interest to my colleagues, so I insert it of "Congressional Government. ·• He conclud­ Soviet Union. In that early post-war era, at this point in the RECORD: ed that the Congress was the dominant the Soviets under Stalin were consolidating branch of government, and that the Presi­ their power and authority over the nations JOHN SHERMAN COOPER LECTURE, UNIVERSITY dent was "nothing but an ineffective figure­ of eastern Europe. OF KENTUCKY, APRIL 11, 1977 head." They were also probing for footholds 1n It is an honor and a very special privilege He advised that "we think less of checks the Middle East, first in Iran and Turkey, for me to deliver the first John Sherman and balance3 and more of coordinated pow­ and later in many other parts of the region. Cooper Lecture at the University of er," and that we achieve that coordinated No one knew how far their ag~essive Kentucky. power through "the encouragement of Pres­ designs might reach, and none decided that To know John Sherman Cooper is to know idential leadership." if the Soviet march were to be stopped, the one of the finest statesmen this country and Nearly a century later, after two Roose­ United States would have to assume the the Commonwealth of Kentucky have ever velts, a Truman, an Eisenhower, a Kennedy, active leadership of the free world. produced. a Johnson, a Nixon-and an older Woodrow The nations which had guided European For almost half a century, he has served Wilson-Presidential leadership does not diplomacy for centuries no longer had the the Nation with the highest distinction-as seem to need much encouragement. power to do so, especially before the massive a legislator and judge here in Kentucky, as a But the question remains, "how should the threat of Soviet expansion. soldier under General Patton, as a delegate powers of the executive and legislative These goals for a new and better world, to the United Nations and a founder of branches be coordinated, especially in the and these challenges of the Cold War, estab­ NATO, as Ambassador to India and East field of foreign policy?" lished a foreign pollcv consensus that en­ Germany, and as a United States Senator. I address this question tonight as one who dured well into the 1960's. A few days before he retired from the has been honored to serve at both ends of It is the Presidential drama of this pe­ senate in 1972, the Congressional Record Pennsylvania Avenue over the past 28-plus riod we remember best: Eisenhower pledg­ was filled with his tribute. From both sides years. ing to go to Korea: the dramatic summit of the partisan aisle, the sentiments were the As a Member of Congress, I sometimes conferences; Kennedy's courage in the Cu­ same. wondered if the Presidents with whom I ban missile crisis. Integrity, vision, compassion, wisdom, served weren't going too fast in making im­ But underlying every Presidential initia­ honor-these were the words his fellow Sen­ portant decisions and commitments for the tive was a broad foundation of support in ators used to describe their friend and define Nation. the United States Congress. their loss on his retirement. I wondered if the White House didn't iso­ Even in the case of Vietnam, the SEATO His magnificent record in foreign affairs, late them too much from public opinion and Treaty was approved by the Senate, 82 to 1, both in the Congress and in the executive from the free expression of competing views. in 1955, and the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution branch, his sponsorship of the Appalachian Later, like many of the modern Presidents, was passed in the Senate, 88 to 2, and in the Regional Development Program, his states­ I occasionally felt a certain impatience with House of Repre~entatives, 414 to o, in 1964. manlike influence on his fellow legislators­ the painstaking, deliberative process that is But as that frustrating war went on year all of these help form the legacy of John the heart and soul of the legislative branch. after year, our national unity was shattered, Sherman Cooper. The pace of this modern age has been so and with it the essential foreign policy co­ As a serious, constructive student of gov­ fast its problems filled with such urgency, ordlnat!on betwPen Pre<>ident and C:onuress. ernment, and as an able lawyer, Senator the the parliamentary rules and customs so Old assumptions were challenged. Long­ Cooper also devoted much of his time and deeply rooted in tradition often seem anti­ standing commitments were called into ques­ thought to the search for a proper balance of quated, petty and maddeningly slow when tion. Bioartisanshio in foreign affairs gave powers-particularly in foreign policy-be­ viewed from the Oval omce. way to deep divisions within the two parties tween the executive and legislative branches So the problems of coordination can be themselves. of government. troublesome, and they are magnified a thou­ Members of Congress who came to oppose This fascinating, frustrating search is as sandfold when foreign policy is involved. the war would also come to oppose the Presi­ old as our Constitution, with ro:>ts much In the years just following World War dents who prosecuted the war. deeper in the history of governments. II, while two junior legislators named Cooper In the end, they would ar~e that the It has at various times concerned the and Ford were learning their wav around Pre~idency itself bad grown too powerful, Roman Senate and Caesars, the English King Washington, there wac; a remarkable degree that a usuroation of powers by the President and Parliaments, and others fully as much of national consensus about the role America from the Con~e~ was chiefly to blame for as it concerns American Presidents and the should play in the world. our dis1llusionlne involvement in Vietnam. Congress in our time. We held the noble conviction that since These concerns found legislative expres­ The Framers of our Constitution, well we alone had emerged virtually unscathed sion in the War Powers Resolution of 1973. schooled in the history of governments and by the destruction of war-since the war This resolution claimed for the Congress deeply influenced by such political philos~­ had in fact made us the most formidable unllrecedented power in the conduct of for­ phers as Polybius and Montesquieu, re::og­ military and economic oower on earth-we eign policy, at the same time holding the nized the need for separate powers as checks had a special responsibility to build a new President in stri~t acco11nt for his own ac­ and balances among the executive, legislative and better world from the ruins of the old. tions in international affairs. and judicial branches. We knew, too, that we had been dragged The resolution required that "the Presi­ They gave the Congress the power to coin into two world wars we d!d not want by dent in everv oo<>sible instance shall con­ money, collect taxes and appropriate funds; the collapse of tl>e world political svstem in sult with Coneress" before committing U.S. to regulate commerce; to establish courts; 19'17 and 1941, and that we could not sit combq.t troops abroad, and that the President to raise and support an army and navy; to by and let th!l.t system collapse again. report in writing within 48 hours to the declare war; and to make all laws neces- This national consensus was made pos- Speaker of the House and President pro 12306 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 26, 1977 tem of the Senate on any commitment or But as former Undersecretary of State successfully as possible. As you would expect, substantial enlargement of such troops. George Ball testified in hearings on the War it is a full-time job. It also required that after such forces are Powers bill, this resolution "represents an When ·the situation permitted, as in the introduced, the President "shall consult attempt to do what the Founding Fathers case of the Ma·yaguez, I consulted personally regularly with the Congress" untU forces felt they were not wise enough to do." with the bipartisan leadership tn the Cab­ "are no longer engaged in host111ttes or have It seeks by simple legislation to codify inet Room. However, the nature of most of been removed." the military powers of the President, spell­ these crisis situations was such that the A second major section of the resolution ing out exactly what he can and cannot do, consultation process with the legislative provided that any such troop commitment and how, and under what circumstances, branch had to be delegated to others, pri­ must be terminated within 60 days, unless to defend the United States and its citizens marily my congressional relations staff at the Congress has declared war, specifically au­ from international danger. White House. thorized the commitment, or has been un­ The Resolution also grants to the Congress In the interest of absolute accuracy, a sum­ able to convene because of an armed attack powers which tend to make it supericr to mary of actions I proposed to take or had on the United States. the executive branch, as in the provision that taken was drafted by the National Security The legislation also S)"ecified that. by the Congress may order the withdrawal of troops Council staff. This summary was reviewed by passage of a concurrent resolution, the Con­ within 60 days by a concurrent resolutior senior officials at the Departments of State gre!':s C!ln direct the President to remove U.S. not subject to Presidential veto. and Defense and at the White House. forces before the 60-day period expires. Where are the constitutional checks and This careful attention to detail was essen­ "No more Vtetnams" was the theme bJ.lances of this system? tial but it was also time-consuming for sen­ sounded over and O"er in the debate on this The resolution also requires consultation ior officials who were at the same time acting War Powers Resolution. with Congress in military emergencies. as my advisers tn this fast-moving situation. John Sherman Cooper, seeing only tragedy Of course, consultation by the President The summary often went through two and In Vietnam and knowing that It would, in­ with congressional leaders is a wise and three drafts to ensure as nearly as possible deed, be dangerous to have too much power normal feature of our constitutional and that there would be no mistakes, no confu­ concentrated In any one branch of govern­ political life. sion of highly sensitive information. ment, w~s a co-sponsor of this resolution. No President with commonsense would Once the consultation process began, an But he did not agree wtth one of its under­ dream of neglecting this aspect of his obliga­ inherent weakness of the War Powers Reso­ lying themes, that, in hls words, "the execu­ tion. But can it be mandated by law? And lution from a practical standpoint was con­ tive has taken from the Congress Its pow­ what does it mean? clusively demonstrated. ers." Can the President satisfy the law by hav­ When the evacuation of DaNang was He reminded his colleagues that "the Con­ ing breakfast with three or four or a dozen forced upon us during the Congress' Easter gress, particularly since World War II, has leaders he decides are the key people? recess, not one of the key bipartisan leaders not only acceded to, but has supported" Does the law mean that the leaders of both of Congress was in Washington. executive requests for congressional author­ houses, and key members of relevant com­ Without mentioning names, here is where ity "to use the armed forces of the United mittees, can speak for or bind the Congress? we found the leaders of Congress: two were Statec;, if necessary, in hostlllties." Finally, there is a question of how closely in Mexico, three were in Greece, one was in "These are settled facts of history," he this resolution would involve the Congress the Middle East, one was in Europe, and two S!\ld. "We can change our course but we can­ in the actual execution, as opposed to the were in the People's Republic of China. The not revise and rewrite history." general direction, of foreign policy, partic­ rest we found in twelve widely-scattered Whtle debate on the resolution was under­ ularly in times of crisis. States of the Union. way, a new and dlstre1:1~ing chapter in Ameri­ Does the consultation provision require This, one might say, is an unfair example, can hl.c;tory was being written across the the approval of the Congress before execu­ since the Congres was in recess. But it must front pages of the Nations new!'papers. tive action is taken? What if the President be remembered that critical world events, Day after day, new allegations of exces­ and Congress disagree? Which of these sep­ especially milltary operations, seldom walt sive and mi!'!used presidential power were arate but equal powers would prevall in such for the Congress to meet. In fact, most of being unveiled. The scandal of Watergate a confrontation? W'hat goes on in the world happens in the became a national obc;ession. These arguments of dubious constitution­ middle of the night, Washington time. It was in this highly-charg-ed atmosphere, ality can be more than matched by other On June 18, 1976, we began the first evacu­ in the bo1lln~ passtonc; of Vietnam and arguments of workabllity. ation of American citizens from the civil war Watergate, and in defiance of President The United States was involved in six mlll­ in Lebanon. The Congress was not in recess, Nixon's veto, that the Congress finally passed tary crises during my Presidency: the evacu­ but it had adjourned for the day. the War Powers Resolution. ation of U.S. citizens and refugees from As telephone calls were made, we discov­ The debate was framed by constitutional DaNang, Phnom Penh and Saigon in the ered, among other things, that one Member issues. As Eu~ene Rostow has noted "the spring of 1975, the rescue of the Mayaguez in of Congress had an unlisted number which battle cry of 'constitutional u!'lurpatton' May, 1975, and the two evacuation operations his press secretary refused to divulge. After quickens the blood of every Congressman, in Lebanon in June, 1976. trying and fa111ng to reach another Member indeed of every American. We find tt easy In none of those instances did I believe the of Congress, we were told by his assistant to conclude that whatever we disltke in­ War Powers Resolution applied, and many that the Congressman did not need to be tensely must therefore be unconstitutional, members of Congress also questioned its ap­ reached. as well." plicability in cases of protection and evacua­ We tried so hard to reach a third Mem­ But as John Cooper's good friend in the tion of American citizens. ber of Congress that our resourceful White Sena.te, George Aiken of •rermont, has writ­ Furthermore, I did not concede that the House operators had the local pollee leave ten, the War Powers Resolution was "largely Resolution itself was legally binding on the a note on the Congressman's beach cottage a political effort ..., an attempt to amend President on constitutional grounds. door: "Please call the White House." the Constitution by congressional resolu­ Nevertheless, in el\ch instance, I took note When a crisis breaks, it is impossible to tion." The arrangements which the Con­ of lts consultation and reporting provisions, draw the Congress into the decision-making stitution makes for the conduct of foreign and provided certain information on opera­ process in an effective way, for several rea­ policy involve a complex interplay between tions and strategies to key Members of Con­ sons. the legislative and executive branches. First, they have so many other concerns: gre~s. Congress is given the power to declare war, Let me stress that In my Administration legislation in committee and on the floor, and to raise an army and navy. The Senate it was customary to communicate with the constituents to serve, and a thousand other is given the additional power of advice and leaders of Congress when an important ex­ things. It is impractical to ask them to be consent in the ratification of treaties and ecutive action was about to be taken, par­ as well versed tn fast-breaking developments the appointment of ambassadors and other ticularly involving foreign affairs. as the President, the National Security officials. Including the Secretaries of State Council, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and others and Defense. It is my view that when the Pre~ident as who deal with foreign policy and national Commander-in-chief undertalres such mllt­ security situations every hour of every day. The President ts made Commander-in­ t~ry operations, he would inevitably take Chief and head of state. By fundamental Second, it is also impossible to watt for a the Congress Into his confidence in order to consensus to form among those congres­ definition, the chief executive is also given receive its advice and, if possible, insure its the power to execute American foreign policy. sional leaders as to the proper course of ac­ support. tion, especially when they are scattered lit­ It was not intended that these powers be This type of consultation makes common­ erally around the world and when time is the consolidated in the interest of efficiency, but sense and certainly strengthens trust be­ one thing we cannot spare. Again, we should rather that they be separated in the inter­ tween the executive and legislative branches. est of democracy. ask what the outcome would be if the lead­ But it is to be distinguished from the de­ ers consulted do not agree among themselves Coordination between the two branches tailed information and time limits imposed or disagree collectively with the President on was obviously to be encouraged. The bril­ by the War Powers Resolution. an action he considers essential. liant system of checks and balances which The role of the President in these critical Third, there is the risk of disclosure of the Founding Fathers devised was not meant situations is clearly defined. As Commander­ sensitive information through insecure to breed constant, paralyzing confrontation in-chief and Chairman of the National se­ means of communication, particularly by between the President and Congress of the curity Council, my job was to concentrate on telephone. Members of Congress with a great United States. resolving the crisis as expeditiously and as many things on their minds might also con- April 26, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12307 fuse what they hear on the radlo news in this Congress in his plans for a League of Na­ All this will not be easy The world is very day of Instant communication with wl'!at tions-and saw his noble dream crushed on different now than it was thirty years ago they are told on a highly classified basis by Capitol Hill. We are different, and our problems and as­ the White House. The balance must He, instead, in a frank pirations more complex. Fourth, the potential legal consequences recognition of the basic strengths and weak­ But we are still Americans who love our of taking executive action before mandated nesses of both the executive and legislative country, who cherish peace and freedom in congressional consultation can be com­ branches of government, ln the institutional the world. pleted may cause a costly delay. The con­ capabilities and limitations imposed by the Let us in the months ahead open a con­ sequences to the President, 1f he does not Constitution and by common sense. structive dialogue among the American peo­ watt for Congress, could be as severe as im­ As I said in my State of the Union address ple, the Congress and the President, leaders peachment. But the consequences to the Na­ earlier this year, "in these times, crises can­ past and present, so we can preserve the bul­ tion, if he does wait, could be much worse. not be managed and wars cannot be waged wark of our strength-the Constitution­ Fifth, there is a question of how consul­ by committee; nor can peace be pursued and find the mechanisms and the spirit that tations with a handful of congressional solely by parliamentary debate. have made America what it is today-free leaders can bind the entire Congress to sup­ "To the ears of the world, the President and dedicated to a better world for all port a course of action-especially when speaks for the Nation. Whlle he is ultimately peoples. younger Members of Congress are becoming accountable to the Congress, the courts and increasingly independent. the people, he and his emissaries must not A survey reported by Congressional Quar­ be handicapped in advance In their relations NOAA PROGRAM SALUTED terly last November indicated that an over­ with foreign governments.... " whelming majority of the Congress believed The notion that the President must some­ the legislative branch had an inadequate role times use the armed forces of the Nation on HON. LARRY WINN, JR. in the international crises I have mentioned. his own ultimate responsibility comes hard OF KANSAS Sixth, the Congress has little to gain and to Americans because we are, and have al­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES much to lose polltically by involving itself ways been, deeply concerned about demo­ deeply in crisis management. eratic control. Tuesday, April 26, 1977 If the crisis is successfully resolved, it is But this power has been recognized as nec­ Mr. WINN. Mr. Speaker, I would like the President who w111 get credit for the essary--even as inescapable--since the ear­ to draw the attention of my colleagues to success. If his efforts are not successful, 1f liest days of the Republic. a program being implemented by the the objectives are not met or if casualties are Pirates attack our ships off the coast of too high, the Congress w1ll have seriously Tripoli-and we must respond. The Soviet National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad­ compromised its right to criticize the deci­ Union blockades Berlln or places missiles in ministration. NOAA has instituted a sions and actions of the President. Cuba-and we must respond. An American public service program for radio designed Finally, there is absolutely no way Ameri­ ship is seized off Cambodia-and we must to inform the public about such varied can foreign policy can be conducted or m111- respond. subjects as hurricanes, tornadoes, at­ tary operations commanded by 535 Members And 1f the nightmare danger of nuclear at­ mospheric pollution, and other environ­ of Congress on Capitol Hill, even if they all tack becomes reality on some dread future mental activities. From what is cur­ happen to be on Capitol Hlll when they are day-we must respond. rently planned, the program promises to needed. For such challenges, which vary from year Domestic pollcy-for housing, health, edu­ to year and generation to generation, there be one of great benefit to everyone. cation, or energy-can and should be ad­ is no substitute for Presidential leadership. I am particularly please~ that the first vanced in the calm dellberation and spirited But there is always democratic control In progr8cm features a man considered to be debate I loved so much as a Congressman. the electoral process, and in legislative ac­ among the Nation's leading experts on The broad outllnes and goals of foreign tion, as we know from Vietnam. tornadoes and severe storms-Allen pollcy also benefit immensely from this kind The bitter experiences of Vietnam and Pearson, director of the National Severe of meticulous congressional consideration. the national atmosphere in the last decade Storms Forecast Center in Kansas City. But in titnes of crisis, decisiveness is every­ have encouraged, I believe, too much tamper­ thlng-and the Constitution plainly puts the ing with the basic machinery by which the Mr. Speaker, at this time of year our responsibility for such decisions on the shoul­ United States Government has run success­ weather is extremely unpredictable. This ders of the President of the United States. fully for the past two hundred years. is a time when black thunderclouds There are institutional limitations on the We must not abandon the wisdom of the threaten homes, property, and lives. Congress which cannot be legislated away. ages in the passion of a moment. However much some people may roman­ Yet since the Mayaguez incident, there If we have disagreements of pollcy, let ticize about being swept over the rainbow has been talk of putting more teeth into the us resolve them as matters of policy, rather War Powers Resolution, Intensifying congres­ than escalating them Into constitutional to adventure like Dorothy in the Wizard sional participation 1n actual crisis manage­ confrontations. of Oz, anyone who has witnessed a tor­ ment. Tragically, ill recent years, the bases of nado knows all too well the capabilities There have also been attempts to .Intro­ trust, cooperatipn and civility between the for destruction and terror these storms duce the Congress .Into sensitive negotiations legislative and executive branches of our possess. with foreign nations. government have been eroded. One of the goals of NOAA's meteoro­ In their place, there has been an attempt The Jackson-Vanik Amendment to the logical service is to reduce the economic Trade Act of 1972, in effect proposed to llb­ to build new and permanent structures on erallze emigration from the Soviet Union by the shaky ground of mutual suspicion. and social impact of these natural dis­ legislative decree, had precisely the opposite This is no way for the government to serve asters. Certainly, in recent years, our effect. the American people. It is, instead, the sure progress in forecasting, monitoring, and The Congressional restrictions on m111tary way to division at home and danger abroad. warning against severe storms has been assistance to Turkey after the latest Cyprus What we need, as Wilson said, is "more admirable and substantial. crisis prove how determined-and how coordinated power." However, our existing warning systems wrong-the Congress can be, and how cum­ We need to seek once again a common bersome diplomacy by rigid legislative dic­ ground on which the President, the Con­ still continue to have problems, particu­ tate can be. gress and the American people can proudly larly in their capacity to pinpoint in ad­ Where, then, does the balance of powers and firmly stand through crisis and calm. vance the locations where these short­ lie? We must decide again, as a Nation, what term severe storms will develop. Im­ It cannot lie ln a constant rivalry for ls important to us, what goals we will set, provement of this record can be achieved, power. As Professor Rostow has written this what dangers we will risk, what burdens we but it will be in direct proportion to our "would tend to convert every crisis of fo~elgn will bear, in our deallngs with the wider willingness to commit the resources nec­ policy into a crisis of will, of pride and of world. essary to develop tools and techniques precedence between Congress and the Presi­ The Congress has the responslbillty to do dent." now what it does best--debate these great suitable to the task. Nor, obviously, does the balance Ue In the issues, openly, freely and thoroughly-and In the past, I have repeatedly called dominance of one branch of government help us find a new path on which we all may for more Federal funding to coordinate over the other. travel together. the expertise of the National Aeronau­ The Constitution makes that plaln enough, The new Administration-free of the tics and Space Administration with that and our own history proves it. burden of war, unfettered by mistakes of of NOAA in the field of meteorology. I The Reconstruction Congresses of the the past--has an historic opportunity to believe NASA's expertise in the fields of 1860's and 1870's-ignoring, thwarting, even lead America to a new age 1n foreign policy; impeaching a President, and deallng with the an age in which the goals and commitments aircraft instrumentation and satellite American South as a defeated, occupied we hold precious as a Nation may be ful­ technology could be applied more vigor­ enemy-inflicted wounds on thls Nation that filled through the quiet, beneficial stren~th ously to developing severe storm data took a century to heal. that commands respect and invites coopera­ collection and forecasting, without tak­ Woodrow Wilson refused to involve the tion. ing the preeminence away from NOAA. 12308 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 26, 1977 In the meantime, however, I believe a that began in 1964 when the tab was only sponsors to allow cost-of-living increases lot can be accomplished through a pro­ $1.2 billion. By the year 2000, the pension in social security, railroad retirement an­ gram of public education, and this is system's cost can be expected to reach $30 nuities, or other retirement benefits to billion a year and cover 1. 7 million retirees. what NOAA is attempting to do. So far, That could come to approximately $470 bil­ be passed through to eligible veterans. the respons~ has been greater than lion which wlll be spent by the mllltary dur­ Currently, benefits are being reduced expected. ing the last quarter of this century on pen­ considerably when veterans receive cost­ Mr. Speaker, I rise today to commend sions. And, the nation does not have an of -living increases from other retirement NOAA for working in the public interest. ounce of defense muscle to show for it. programs. There are 2 ¥2 million veterans By enumerating these figures, I do not receiving some form of veterans' pension mean to imply that we do not need a mili­ or survivors' benefits. The majority of ARMED SERVICES COMPENSATION tary pension system. Retirement pay is nec­ essary to provide a serviceman a degree of these veterans are affe:::ted by this VA financial security after his mmtary career procedure. HON. THOMAS J. DOWNEY ends. Therefore, these expenditures would In addition, my district office has re­ OF NEW YORK be totally justified if-and it is a big if-the ceived numerous letters and calls about IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES excessive outlays were necessary. Unfortu­ veterans' pensions being reduced because nately, the pension system is too generous of cost-of -living increases from other re­ Tuesday, April 26, 1977 and too liberal when compared to any other tirement programs. The following letter system of its kind. Mr. DOWNEY. Mr. Speaker, President The average retired officer is 46 years old is typical of those I receive from vet- Carter has announced his intention to and receives a yearly pension of $15,400. The erans: establish a blue-ribbon panel to review average enUsted man retires at age 41 and DEAR Mas. ScHROEDER: I am a medically the problems plaguing the armed services receives $6,400. Overall, the average retiree discharged veteran of World War II and also regarding compensation. This is a long­ gets 55 per cent of his service pay and have a pacemaker, a bad leg, emphysema and overdue step, and one that I believe has through his life can expect to take in 144 suffer from blackouts, to mention a few prob­ great potential for initiating worthwhile per cent of the amount he received while on lems that are existent. My physical condi­ reforms. active duty. In effect then, the m111tary com­ tion prohibits employment and has for the pensates a soldier 2¥2 times for his services. past several years. The President's blue-ribbon panel Compare these figures with the federal Recently the veterans pension I was re­ would do well to consider as a foundation Civil Service retirement system. Federal em­ ceiving was reduced substantially because I for much of their work the recommenda­ ployees are not eligible to receive their bene­ am now receiving some Social Security bene­ tions on the subject contained in the fits until they are 55 years-old. Compared to fits. third quadrennial review of military the military, they are paid a lesser percent­ It is difficult for me to understand why compensation. This 10-volume study ex­ age of their salary, their calculation base is Social Security would or should have any amines in great detail many of the politi­ devised to offer them less money, and unlike bearing on a veterans pension. their m11itary counterparts, they are forced It was suggested to me that perhaps, you cal, economic, and social aspects of the could, if you desire, bring some attention to differing reform proposals concerning to contribute 7 per cent of their salary to the pension fund. In addition-again unlike this in Congress. There are probably others military compensation. I recommend it their mil1tary counterparts-they are not who have experienced this same problem. to my colleague's attention-! am sure covered by Social Security. Thank you for bearing with me. that even a cursory review would prove Lest these statistics seem misleading, I Veterans are shocked to find the cost­ enlightening. should point out that with the exception of of-living increase is counted as addition­ An area deserving the attention of both the mll1tary, the federal Civil Service retire­ al income by the Veterans' Administra­ the panel and Members of Congress is ment system is more liberal in its benefits tion, which then decreases the veterans' that of military retirement pay. The mili­ than any other pension system in the coun­ pension or survivors' benefits. tary pension system has overstepped it­ tr}'. self to the point that it is costing billions The purpose of a pension is to provide a As a result of social se:urity's cost-of­ of dollars a year more than it should. retiree with financial security so that he or living increases, monthly VA benefits This shocking trend must be stopped, and she might be able to maintain a comparable were reduced in some extreme cases from standard of living after retirement. Of $120 to $6. Cost-of-living increases are I hope that Congress will be able to con­ course, some pension systems do not meet supposed to help people on fixed incomes sider this matter soon. this goal. However, the Civil Service system The problems with military retirement goes beyond the goal, providing more than deal with inflation; to take back with pay, which is of interest to me personally, what is necessary for a comparable stan1ard one hand what we have given with the was discussed in more detail in an article of living to the retiree. I believe the milltary other is bureaucratic malevolence. which I wrote for the April 10, 1977, edi­ pension system, in that it goes well beyond This bill is more comprehensive than tion of the Baltimore Sun. I submit it the purpose of a pension, is excessively gen­ most bills on this subject introduced by for my colleague's attention: erous and claims a large portion of the d~ my colleagues, as I believe the need is fense budget in the process. now greater with the upcoming July 5.9 THE MILITARY PENSION SYSTEM Is Too A simple solution would be to bring the GENEROUS m1ll tary pension system more in line with percent social security cost-of-living in­ (By THOMAS J. DOWNEY) the Civil Service retirement program. This crease. During the last few months there has been would stlll provide an adequate pension to great interest among the media in the rising servicemen, while at the same time saving cost of m11itary pensions. Most of this atten­ billions of dollars. Additionally, it would UNITED STATES-CANADIAN RECIP­ tion has been focused on "double-dipping," eliminate double-dipping by former milltary ROCAL FISHERIES AGREEMENT the procedure whereby a ret ired serviceman men or women. receiving a pension takes a civlllan job in the Most military-related occupations have federal government, collecting both the mm­ near identical job descriptions as their coun­ HON. STANLEY LUNDINE ta.ry pension and a salary. terparts in Civil Service employment. It is Double-dipping is indeed a problem, one both discriminatory and costly to have two OF NEW YORK that has been acknowledged by President separate retirement compensation systexns IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for two different sets of government employ­ Carter as an area targeted for reform. Ap­ Tuesday, April 26, 1977 proximately 141,000 retired servicemen are ees when the greatest difference between now civil servants. They collect pensions and these employees is that one group wears a Mr. LUNDINE. Mr. Speaker, yester­ salaries at the rate of $2.8 blllion annually. service uniform and the other does not. day by unanimous consent the House of But double-dipping is only a symptom of the overall problem of mmtary pensions. The Representatives passed H.R. 5638, to pro­ system a.s a whole has overextended itself to VETERANS' COST-OF-LIVING vide for a United States-Canadian Re­ the point where it is costing blllions of dol­ INCREASES ciprocal Fisheries Agreement. This leg­ lars more than it should in total unfunded islation will waive certain requirements llabillty. Consider these facts. The $8.2 bil­ of the Fishery Conservation and Man­ lion spent for military pensions in fiscal 1977 HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER represents more than the total cost of pay agement Act, and replace the 1973 agree­ OF COLORAD~ and travel allowances for the entire active ment, which expired on April 24, with an Army. That refiects more than 7 per cent of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES interim short-term agreement until De­ the total defense budget, and covers a mil­ Tuesday, April 26, 1977 lion persons. cember 31, 1977. The fiscal 1978 budget for military pen­ Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, While I supported this legislation and sions jumps to $9.1 b1111on, reflecting a trend today I am introducing a bill with 41 co- agree that we must have an interim Ap'ril 26, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12309 agreement to regulate the fishing in U.S. ployees in the affected positions to be within two hundred miles of the shores of and Canadian waters, I think we must penalized for an action outside their our Nation; therefore be it not forget the fact that the reason this control. Resolved, That the Massachusetts House of Representatives memorializes the Con­ is a short-term agreement is because The bill, I believe, provides adequate gress of the United States to authorize and there have been real difficulties associ­ protection from abuse and :: am confident direct the United States Coast Guard to ap­ ated with maritime boundaries, salmon, will lead to a better classification process prehend, detain and prosecute to the full ex­ and traditional fisheries between the in the future. tent of the law those who violate the two two countries. In general, the bill will apply to any hundred mile fishing limit; and be it further We must resolve these dfficulties dur­ Resolved, That copies of these resolutions employee whose position has been re­ be sent by the Clerk of the House of Repre­ ing the next 8 months before signing a classified to a lower grade since July 1, sentatives to the President of the United longer term fishing agreement. Concern 1975, if the positon had been classified at States, the presiding officer of each branch for an agreement that will provide parity the higher grade for a perioci of at least of Congress and to the members thereof for U.S. fishermen has been expressed by 1 year. from this Commonwealth. a number of my constituents, including The minimal direct costs of this leg­ the distinguished mayor of Dunkirk, islation will be practically offset by the N.Y., Gilbert Snyder, U.S. fishery in considerable savings of administrative CONSUMER COMMUNICATIONS Canadian waters is valued at about $15 costs connected with the current system, REFORM ACT million per year, and I ·share the con­ since employee appeals will no longer be cern of my constituents that U.S. fish­ necessary. ermen be treated with fairness under any I HON. RICHARDSON PREYER agreement between the United States and expect the Post Office and Civil Serv­ ice Committee to take qui~k action on CAROL~A Canada. Given the longstanding friend­ OF NORTH this legislaticn so that the rights and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ship between the United States and Can­ entitlements in the bill will be enacted ada, I am confident that we can arrive at before there is even greater adverse Tuesday, April 26, 1977 a long-term agreement that is just and impact on the employees involved. Mr. PREYER. Mr. Speaker, there has in the best interests of both United States been considerable controversy about a and Canadian fishermen. proposal known as the Consumer Com­ munications Reform Act. This legisla­ PROTECT OUR COASTAL WATERS tion was introduced in the 94th Congress and has been reintroduced in the 95th PROTECTION FOR DOWNGRADED Congress. There have also been counter­ FEDERAL EMPLOYEES HON. JOE MOAKLEY proposals, some of which specifically es­ tablish a policy of competition in the OF MASSACHU3E'l'TS telephone industry and a so-called neu­ HON. ROBERT N. C. NIX IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tral resolution calling for an independ­ OF PENNSYLVANIA Tuesday, April 26, 1977 ent study of the effects of competition IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, I rise on individual telephone users. Tuesday, April 26, 1977 today in order to bring to the attention The consumer communications re­ of my esteemed colleagues of the House fonn proposal has been much maligned Mr. NIX. Mr. Speaker, demotions a resolution from the House of Repre­ as being Ma Bell's bill and one which caused by downgrading of positions are sentatives of the Commonwealth of Mas­ seeks to eliminate any competition in the one of the most pressing problems of the sachusetts. It calls on the Congress of field of telecommunications. It is not my Government's civil service workforce. the United States to protect our coastal intention as a cosponsor of this legisla­ Thousands of positions may be down­ waters from overfishing by foreign fleets tion to prohibit competition for the bene­ graded shortly which will have the to the full limit of the law. Recently, the fit of the Bell Telephone System, and I devastating effect of demoralizing the Congress enacted a 200-mile fishing lim­ am not entirely convinced that the pro­ dedicated employees involved as well as it in order to preserve this precious re­ posal is the appropriate vehicle for ad­ severely hampering their career advance­ source for the people of our Nation. dressing the larger question of the impact ment. It is incumbent on the Congress Since then, we have witnessed gross vio­ of ever increasing competition on the to act with dispatch on this issue and, lations of this internationally recog­ individual residential consumer. How­ therefore, I have introduced a bill which nized law. Surely as responsible public ever, it is this very consumer about which will correct the inequities inherent in this servants, we can take the appropriate I am concerned and for this reason I be­ process. steps in directing the U.S. Coast Guard lieve that indepth congressional consid­ For the most part, the downgrading of to action. The Federal Government must eration should be given to the matter. a position is through no fault o: the em­ safeguard the livelihoods of American While many organizations have been ployee. Yet the major impact of such fishermen and the abundance of the quick to label the consumer communica­ determinations is felt almost exclusively American dinner table. With these facts tions reform bill as anticonsumer, a by the employee. in mind, it is a great honor to relay well respected North Carolina consumer This bill will protect these employees these ideas of the Massachusetts Legis­ organization has indicated its support by providing that they would retain their lature on to mv fellow representatives for the proposal. I wanted to share this grade and salary for as long as they hold here in Washington: letter with my colleagues as follows: that position. THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS THE CONSUMERS CENTER I also believe very strongly that this Resolutions memorializing the Congress of OF NORTH CAROLINA, legislation is necessary in order to allow the United States to apprehend, detain March 10, 1977. The Honorable RICHARDSON PREYER, the executive branch to move forward and prosecute to the full extent of the law House of Representatives, with the important task of reviewing the violators of the two hundred mile fishing \Vashington, D.C. classification of positions and taking limit DEAR CONGRESSMAN PREYER: As a consumer appropriate action to correct improper Whereas, Fish has always been and re­ and a person vitally interested in consumer classifications. It is equally important to mains one of the basic and necessary foods affairs, I am de~ply concerned about prices­ protect the rights of the innocent Fed­ for all people; and especially the rates paid for ut11itles. The eral employees affected. Whereas, The Fishing Industry is of vital telephone has long been a necessity, and Overgraded positions are a serious and importance to the Commonwealth and its we should do all we can from a public policy costly problem that must be corrected. people; and standpoint to see that the consumer's serv­ Whereas, Overfishing has resulted in a Ice remains excellent and available at the There are too many indications of con­ substantial decrease in the species and lowest possible cost to the residential user. trived or outdated position descriptions quantit y o! fish a vailable off our shores; and Lately there has been a great deal of con­ which lead to overgrading to allow the Whereas, Recent legislation has been en­ cern about policy trends of the Federal Com­ practice to continue. Yet at the same acted which seeks to protect, preserve and munications Commission in the name of time, .it is inequitable to expect the em- thereby increase this tremendous resource "competition." Some people and organiza- 12310 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 26, 1977 tions say the FCC's policies are good. The 2. The section re.,resents a most enticing services. Through effective implementa­ independent telephone companies, some tidbit for bureaucratic abuse. tion of the Tay-Sachs prevention pro­ unions, the Bell System, and a large number 3. The "Federal Land Policy and Manage­ of state regulators (including our own Pub­ ment Act of 1976" already contains a com­ gram, no family need ever again suffer lic Ut111ties Commission) believe the FCC's plete procedure for making and reviewing the tragedy of Tay-Sachs disease. actions wm eventually result in higher rates m ' neral withdrawals on public lands. H.R. 2 The Tay-Sachs prevention program for home telephone service. would only add contradiction and confusion. has brought testing to many and an The issue should be investigated promptly, 4. There has been no testimony or evi­ awareness of Tay-Sachs to the entire and there should be a review of the FCC's dence to support this section. In 4 years of Delaware Valley community. With this trends in order to protect the home tele­ the strip mining battle, I have seen no pub­ increased awareness has come a deeper phone user. I believe strongly that Congress, lic hearing discussion on this section. concern and interest which has resulted not the FCC, is the proper forum for investi­ 5. The language represents a piecemeal gating the issues and setting nat ional tele­ patchwork attempt at both land use plan­ in the creation of three affiliated communications policy. ning and revision of the 1872 mining law. branches of the Delaware Valley Chap­ I am aware that most members of the These two subjects wm be considered i:q­ ter, NTSAD: Northeast Philadelphia North Carolina Delegation demonstrated dividually (H.R. 5806 and H.R. 5831) and in Branch, Neshaminy Valley Branch, and their concern by introducin~ or co-sponsor­ depth by the Interior Committee in a more Hc1x-Mont Branch. ing the Consumer Communications Reform logical and proper approach. Mr. Speaker, I offer this information Act in the last cession. I hope your interest I hone you will join me on the floor to with the hope of contributing to the ef­ wlll be sustained in tne 91"th Cone-ress and fort of increasing the public's awareness that YOU W1ll follow thrOU!!h by sponsoring strike this section from the bill. similar legislation in this session. I <;incere­ of the ease with which individuals can ly believe the people of North Carolina de­ be tested to discoveT Tay-Sachs. serve your help en this issue. Sincerely, TAY -SACHS MONTH LILLIAN C. Woo, Director. KATYN FOREST HON. JOSHUA EILBERG OF PENNSYLVANIA HON. CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI SECTTO"'l 601 (b) (3) OF H.R. 2 (STRIP IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF WISCONSIN MINING BILL) WINS THE DODO Tuesday, April 26, 1977 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES AWARD Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, I wish to Tuesday, April 26, 1977 call to the attention of my colleagues a Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr. Speaker, we are HON. JIM SANTINI critically important effort being made in often reminded of the importance of our OF NEVADA my home city, Philadelphia, Pa., to battle commitment to a moral world, and as we IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the disease Tay-Sachs. I speak as the all know it is incumbent upon all of us Delaware Valley Chapter of the National Tuesday, April 26, 1977 to be diligent and speak out for human Tay-Sachs and Allied Disease Associa­ rights everywhere in the world. Certain Mr. SANTINI. Mr. Speaker, the So­ tion prepares to observe Tay-Sachs events in history, when recalled, should ciety for the Preservation of Bureau­ Month, starting May 15. serve as an added incentive and remind cratic Abuse-SPA-has presented sec­ For 80 years after the identiflcaf:ion of us of our responsibilities and obligations. tion 601

ARTHRITIS PROGRAMS OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ARTHRITIS, METABOLISM AND DIGESTIVE DISEASEs-FISCAL YEAR 1976-78 (Amounts in thousands of dollars]

National Community Research demonstra· National Research Service Training tion Information Subtotal grants Centers RCDA awards grants projects Data Services Contracts extramural Intramural Total

Fiscal year 1976 •• ·-·------13,064 0 420 402 28 0 0 0 465 14,919 3,176 18,095 Fiscal year 1977______13,389 2, 500 394 986 0 0 0 0 1, 300 18, 569 3,820 22,389 Authorized fiscal year 1977, Public Law 93-640, and Public Law 94-278_------3, 000 President Ford's proposed fiscal 20, 000 ·-·------1, 000 ------·------year 1978______14,253 4, 200 177 1, 202 0 0 0 0 1, 300 21, 672 4, 089 25, 761 Footnotes at end of table. CXXID--775-Pa.rt 10 12316 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 26, 1977

ARTHRITIS PROGRAMS OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ARTHRITIS, METABOLISM AND DIGESTIVE DISEASES-FISCAL YEAR 1976-78-Continued (Amounts in thousands of dollars)

National Community Research demonstra· National Research Service Trainina tion Information Subtotal grants Centers RCDA awards arants projects Data Services Contracts extramural Intramural Total

Arthritis Commission's proposed fiscal year 1978______28,781 24,000 1, 200 2, 750 0 5, 000 1, 500 750 2, 500 67, 481 4, 750 72, 231 Foundation's proposed fiscal year 1978______19,284 12,200 717 1, 421 0 2, 000 500 400 1, 600 38, 122 4, 339 42, 461 Increases over fiscal year 1978 President's budget______5, 031 8, 000 ------219 ------2, 000 500 400 300 16, 450 250 16, 700 Authorized Public Law 94-562------18, 700 ------13,000 1, 000 ------2 300 ------

• Includes Public Information Projects such as those envisaged as being carried out by the 2 For National Arthritis Advisory Board. National Arthritis Information Services.

TRANSPORTATION AND ENERGY­ petition. Scores of well-muscled horses. Here's another thing that doesn't show WILL AUTO PROPOSALS CHANGE Friendly banter. The easy ambience of a up very clearly in the statistics: cars help AMERICAN VALUES? . country fair, right in the city. people, especially poor people, to create their But more startling still was the awesome own private "social security" systems to cope fleet of monster vehicles assembled for this with their big problems-unemployment, HON. BUD SHUSTER ·horse show. Bumper-to-bumper horse vans family trouble, poverty. You can run away were parked around the ring. Not just your from home in a car (and also return when OF PENNSYLVANIA little single-horse trailers, but huge trucks you get homesick) . The Okies drove to Cali­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with fancy interiors, capable of hauling four fornia in the 1930s and that process, less ob­ horses or six horses-gas-guzzling horse vious and dr;.matic, Is stlll in motion today, Tuesday, April 26, 1971 stables on wheels. all over this country. Mr. SHUSTER. Mr. Speaker, "Cars Only America, right? The puritan in me I saw it years ago in Cincinnati, my home­ give poor people more choices." This was naturally offended by the grossness. All town, where thousands of Appalachian quote came from a Washington Post that mechanical horsepower assembled for mountaineers-"hUlbillles," we called them the purpose of playing horse-and-rider. You -came north to look for work. They lived article by William Greider sums up the could probably run Europe on the oil Amer­ in the slums and were widely despised, and basis for my deep-rooted concerns about icans devoted to such non-essential marvels many could not find jobs. President Carter's proposed gasoline tax as horse vans. But they did not just migrate to the city increase. But the small-d democrat in me felt good. -they went back and forth, frequently. They Mr. Greider rightfully points out I would like the kings and queens of Europe might return to the home place in eastern that- to come to Rock Creek Park some Sunday Kentucky during lean times, come back to If government regulation were to cripple afternoon and try to guess who these people the city when jobs opened up, drive home the automobile society, in the name of saving are. They are just regular people, ordinary to the mountains on the weekends, where oil, it would most surely hurt the least first Americans enjoying a sport invented for friends and family were around for com­ and hardest, then ripple upward on the eco­ dukes and earls. fort. These were painful times, but the old nomic ladder to the rich whose 11 ves woulor Americans, by giving them oppor­ wheels called "recreation vehicles" spread them have been to Chicago or Cleveland or equalitarian life values through America-­ San Francisco. There are no .1obs on the tunities that a less mobile society could reservation; they do not like the wretched not offer. the values of time and mob111ty-and they spread these qualities downward in our so­ life in the cities. So they move back and We are talking about American values, ciety, more directly than any patch-up gov­ forth, searching earnestly for modest Im­ Mr. Speaker, and Mr. Greider correctly ernment programs. Cars give poor people proveme-nt in tl-teir lives. commends to the national energy debate more choices. If government regulation were And It Is not just the traveling around, the importance of those values in the to cripple the automobile society, in the name private and unplanned by the economists. It automobile, particularly for the poor and of saving oil, it would most surely hurt the is the idea of traveling that Is Important to least first and hardest, then ripple upward us, transcending all class lines. This notion, underprivileged, both socially and the roaming American, is as old as the re­ economically. on the economic ladder to the rich, whose lives would not suffer at all (I am reasonably public but it has suruived, miraculously, In a Because this is an issue that will touch certain that government regulation wm not new mythology built around the automo­ every American in some way, I commend be allowed to cripple the automobile because bile (and lately the van). the article by William Greider to you and too many politicians understand that the The car 1s a subterranean linkage In thts our colleagues so that we may all better very idea contains the seeds cf class war} . broad country: expressed In mad non-stop understand preciselv what a substantial I can't prove these claims with statistics dashes from coast to coast, burning across but anyone who has traveled much around the heartland's allnight radio band, trip­ gas tax increase would do to our Ameri­ ping the continent on adrenalln. If you have can values. The article, reprinted from this country has seen what I mean. The new not done It, if you don't understand why the April 25, 1977, issue of the Washing­ pattern of country living is a man or woman other people do It, read Kerouac's "On the ton Post, follows: who drives 100 or 150 miles a clay from their Road" or Algren's "Walk on the Wild Side." farm or small town for~ job in a medium­ CAR CRAZY IN AMERICA, A NATION IN OVERDRIVE sized city. In Kentucky, people who live In Cars are our leap into sensational experi­ (By Wllllam Greider) ences: I remember leaving lower Manhat­ benighted mountain counties drive the turn­ tan at midnight, plunging into the greasy My daughter, right at this moment, loves pike to good jobs in Lexington. In Dllnols, a air of the Lincoln Tunnel and 30 hours later horses and, as sometimes happens when chil­ woman drives 140 miles a day commuting we were sitting in a drugstore in a steamy dren develop intense Interests, it educates the from Carbondale to Mt. Vernon. In the West, small town of Mississippi, drinking Coke and parents. the distances are more awesome stlll. listening to the dead voice of the counter­ This time, on a Sunday afternoon, I learned The range of these working people In the man. Thirty hours later, we were in the rain something about the true nature of horse country has been defined by the Interstates forest of Mexico where tarantulas sometimes shows. I thought horse shows, especially and, of course, It has greatly increased their cross the highway. jumpers going over fences, belonged to rich Job choices. The practice of long-distance I remember a. wreck on the West Coast, people. the town-and-country tweeds. comm,ting, outside metro!)rlltan Etre .. s, has coming back north, where a Mexican nun 1n What we discovered at one of the stables increased dramatically in the last few years, a white habit sewed up my forehead. We tn Rock Creek Park was an extraordinary so has the population In those places. The limped north on buses and hitchhiking, feel­ scene-hundreds of ordinary folk (instantly energy statistics may put that mileage down ing suspicious of ourselves without a car. I recognizable as middle-middle (Americans) In the luxury column, but I doubt that it knew I was home at a used-car lot in Tucson gathered to ride and jump In friendly com- looks that way to those people. when the salesman warned us: "This car 1 April 26, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12317 ain't got no gar-antee, you know." He was building a rational system of high-speed ergy shortage. Real steps toward energy from West Virginia, a familiar voice and I highways; yet now millions of Americans conservation may lie in examining the can still hear it, though this was 20 years are wasting millions of hours of their lives, ago. drivin g slow in order to save a little oil. I current technology available to us and These cars, I think, burned images in all know all the pieties about how slower is giving it new applications. our young minds-painful, frantic, gaudy faster, but folks are already defeating that Futuristic research into new energy moments, sometimes suicidal, occasionally anyway with CB radios and native American sources is necessary, but in stressing it triumphant. I am thankful that I lived stealth. If Americans drove better-designed too much we may miss solutions which through it (a few friends did not) and I can cars, they would drive a lot faster, more lie much closer to our grasp. still say that it seemed necessary, those es­ emciently. capes by car. Adults, I discovered later, are Time and moblllty. What I'm getting at is not so different, only more cautious as driv­ that the political solutions to the energy ers. Think of Joan Didion's heroine in "Play problems will make a lot more sense-and It As It Lays," driving the freeways of Los wlll have at least a prayer of popular accept­ THE OUTRAGE OF CHilD Angeles for hours, days, suspended animation ance-if the energy debate recognizes the PORNOGRAPHY at 80 miles an hour. importance of those values in the automobile, This is all very untidy. Economically waste­ especially for the less privileged. The solu­ ful. In a better world, people would not tions could aim to preserve those social HON. ROBERT A. YOUNG wander around like this, burning up gasoline values---even enhance them-instead of de­ OF MISSOURI in futile searches (in a better world, people nouncing us for statistical luxuries. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES would not be poor or spiritually desperate). All sorts of wild ideas might flow from that Still, there's an explosion waiting, I think, if recognition-that America is not Europe and Tuesday, April 26, 1977 the government tries to price Americans out there is no way it can become Europe (and of their wandering. no reason why it should want to). In the best Mr. YOUNG of Missouri. Mr. Speaker, If you want to see what it looks like, ex­ American tradition, we can steal the best the abuse of children in pornographic amine a Latin American city where the poor ideas from Europe and throw back the rest. materials has become a virtual avalanche lack mobility-where they stack up in the So why not make a deal with American that must be stopped. Police raids in cities and build tarpaper slums, unable to car owners? When the nation's fleet of gross cities across the country have gathered find work and unable to return home. monsters become smaller and less wasteful, whole warehouses of pornographic Right now, the puritans are bringing up they can go back to driving 80 miles an hour photographs, magazines and motion pic­ Europe again, to make us feel bad. Europe on the Interstates. Make a trade: size for is more efficient, less wasteful. Europe does time, grossness in exchange for speed. tures involving children. One Los An­ not squander oil the way we do. This is be­ Or, since we are subsidizing every good geles reporter has gathered nearly 300 yond dispute, but there are reasons which thing in life and commerce, how about a fed­ magazines dealing with sex involving the puritan'> do not mention. eral program to help people buy new cars­ children under the age of 16. For one thing, we have lots of people in more emcient cars, naturally-for the people The fact that there is a demand for this country who drive the equivalent of who are driving old clunkers and can't afford such material is a distressing example of halfway across France every day, just get­ new models? This sells cars for Detroit, re­ ting to work and back. The French do not do duces air pollution, saves oil and helps poor moral decay in American society. But the that much, especially the poorer French. It people. terrible aspect of the problem is the ef­ is a smaller place, more crowded, with less Who could be against all those good things? feet that the pornography has on the wandering. It's as American as stock-car racing. children who are forced to engage in this Also the poor people in France do not own activity. Children in the age range of 3 cars. They have motor scooters or bikes or to 12 have little, if any, real sexual they walk. With good fortune, they buy the awareness; in nearlv every instance an bottom-of-the-line Citroen, a noisy sluggish ELECTRIC MOTOR POINTS TO adult-sometimes even the parent--has beast which would strain its guts out driv­ ing halfway across France everyday. ENERGY CONSERVATION forced the child into pornography for These are my impre~sions from Europe. I money. looked up some statistics which confirm HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON A revealing article by Associated Press them. For starters, there are 245 million cars correspondent Peter Arnett in the St. in the world-and 45 percent of them are OF CALIFORNIA Louis Post-Dispatch graphically de­ owned by Americans. In the United States, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES scribed the extent of such child abuse. there is more than one car for every two Tuesday, April 26, 1977 "The wide use of children in por­ citizens. In France, there is le"S than one car nography is only now becoming appar- for every three citizens. In thrifty West Ger­ Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. ent," according to the article: ·. many, which we are supposed to emulate in Speaker, yesterday at a press conference energy matters, there is one car for every Magazines featuring young boys have long four citizens. sponsored by the California Public Util­ been available to the homosexual trade, but People in West Germanv or France don't ities Commission, Southern California in the last year police report an avalanche need cars as much-they live closer together Edison Co., and officials from the State's of publications and movies featuring chil­ in villages and towns and they move around energy commission, a new electrical mo­ dren. less (and besides gasoline costs more than tor was unveiled which could mark a $1.60 a gallon). The population per square significant step toward greater energy The article continues: mile in America is 60 peonle. In France it is conservation. Robin Lloyd, a Los Angeles-based televi­ 250 people. In Germany it is 650. sion reporter who has written a book on the I could not find any statistics to show who C. L. Wanless of Orange Countv has subject, says he has 264 magazines, each cost­ owns cars in Europe and who doesn't. I developed a new type of electric motor ing about $7, dealing with sex involving chil­ would be happy to bet my seven-year-old that uses 10 to 18 percent less energy dren under 16. One publication deals en­ Ford station wagon that it is not the rich than present motors consume. It has tirely with sex between identical young who sacrifice their mob111ty to save oil (if been estimated that the savings which twins. you saw the condition of my station wagon, Police raids have gathered up whole ware­ you would not take it on a bet). could be had by converting to this mo­ houses of pornography featuring children. But Europe does have something which tor could reach as high as 30 percent. A major find in a Houston raid in 1975 was America doesn't have in automobiles: em­ Called the Controlled Toroue, the 15,000 color slides of boys engaged in sex clent design. European cars are smaller, less new engine was designed by its inventor acts. New York pollee discovered last year exotic, less powerful, but in the medium and using existing parts from conventional that one-third of their 2,000 warehouse feet upper price ranges they are as comfortable motors. Since electrical motors current­ of pOTnography involved children. for families as American cars, merely less 65 The magazines range from Lollitots, which gross (lf Detroit would sell Americans the ly consume as much as percent of all features young girls aping their big sisters same cars which it markets overseas, it would electricity generated in the United in Penthouse and Playboy, to hard-core ex­ save us a lot of oil). States, widespread use of this product in travaganzas such as "How to Deflower a But here is something else that Europeans appliances and industry could save up Virgin." enjoy: speed. Strange but true that French­ to the equivalent of 1 million barrels of Lloyd reported that there are even several men are driving along their Autoroute in oil a day. organized groups in the United States dedi­ smaller cars at 80 to 100 miles an hour while cated to the proposition that sex between America chugs along the Interstates in their Mr. Wanless is to be congratulated for adults and children is not only desirable but behemoths at 55 m .p.h. the imagination and inventiveness he necessary for the mental well-being of the If we are talking about inemctency, this is has demonstrated in this new break­ child ... one of the grossest lneffi.ciences in America through. And perhaps it should serve Who are the children exploited in the today. This nation spent bllllons of dollars as a lesson to us in dealing with the en- magazines and the movies? Like the girl who 12318 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 26, 1977 posed shyly in a nudist magazine and then sources to replace finite supplies of pe­ taries Association as Secretaries Week, troleum and natural gas. That would be de­ graduated to hard-core pornography, most and tomorrow, April 27, has been desig­ are totally anonymous. "We know every ana­ sirable for this nation's economy. nated as Secretaries Day. But the program is so one-sided as to be tomical detail, but not their names and o.d­ I would like to take this opportunity dresses," said Lt. Lloyd Martin of the Los self-defeating. It contemplates stiff taxes to Angeles police. to pay my own tribute to the members conserve gasoline, but nowhere suggests that There is little doubt that most of the of the secretarial profession, and I would the resulting revenues might be used to im­ children are American. License plates on like to signal out :for special recognition prove alternatives to the highway-such as automobiles and street signs give Florida and the very dedicated and devoted secre­ mass transit-or railroad trackage. California backgrounds even to films pur­ taries who work in my congressional But very likely the chief fa111ng of Mr. portedly made in Eurone. Carter's plan .is that, by concentrating so offi.ce here in Washington and in my dis­ heavily on holding down demand rather than Fred Cohen (executive director of the trict office in Philadelphia. increasing supply, it may end up para­ Odyssey Institute) says: "The Europeans These are the people, Mr. Speaker, doxically making us even more dependent have much stronger laws against using kids who day in and day out, provide the on foreign energy sources. That could drive in this way." Ninety percent of all child essential support services without which up the cost of nearly everything and could porno in the world comes from America . . . jeopardize our economic growth without the A New York honsewife is known to have we, as Members of the Congress, simply produced a nine-minute porno movie called could not function efficiently. They are compensating promise of increased domestic "Susie and her Little Brother" starring her the dedicated public servants who care oil and gas supplies. 10-year-old daughter and 9-year-old son ... about the problems of our constituents The institute said the housewife sold 60 and who expedite the incredible flow of , , . AND A BIGGER BUREAUCRACY copies of the movie last Christmas for $30 work which daily crosses our desks. Thanks to what appears to be a paranoid· a cony. The girl is now being held in a fear of the free market, the Carter adminis­ New York Catholic home. I, for one, could not get along without tration has produced an energy bill that Much of the pornography involving older these invaluable people, Mr. Speaker, and would not only do Uttle to encourage the children also finds its way onto the market I am pleased to have the opportunity, development of new s·ources of energy, but through parents. "It is the only way the really even in this small way, to say "thank would inevitably depend for enforcement on young kids can get involved," said Lt. Martin. you" to the secretaries who give such a gigantic, costly, and oppressive new bu­ Advertising in magazines and the huge dedicated service each day of the year. reaucracy. pornogranhy mall order business allows un­ And so we find an administration which trammeled trade With little possib111ty of was elected on a promise to streamline the detection. federal government proposing a plan which PRESIDENT'S ENERGY PROGRAM would have the very opposite effect. In fact, T.he profits of the child pornography the White House staff has already grown by busmess are enormous, with some esti­ about 30 per cent since Mr. Carter took office. mates placing the total sales near the HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI Oh, we know that Mr. Schlesinger, the billion-dollar range. Retail prices of in­ OF ILLINOIS federal energy administrator, and other dividual magazines range from $5 to $25, White House spokesmen deny that a new and crude, normally silent 8 mm films IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES bureaucracy would be required. But if there are sold for $20 to $50. Tuesday, April 26, 1977 is not to be an increase, then how are all the new controls going to be policed? A study prepared by the Library of Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, reac­ To say that a bigger bureuacracy won't Congress showed recently that only six tion is coming from across the country be necessary is to suggest that the new con­ States have laws prohibiting the partic­ to Mr. Carter's energy package, and the trols won't really be enforced at all-that ipation of minors in obscene perform­ first reports show far more pessimism people will go through all of the prescribed ances in books or films. Five Federal laws and disfavor than optimism and support motions and fill out all of the required forms now prohibit the distribution of obscene and that their work will then be filed away Mr. Carter's energy plan is analyzed in in warehouses, never to be seen again, or materials, but those laws depend on the twin editorials appearing in the April 22, much-argued definition of obscenity perhaps even thrown away like the dividend Chicago Tribune. I insert these articles reporting forms which corporations have which the courts have had difficulty in for the attention of the Members: been submitting to the Internal Revenue reaching. Such vague definitions have ENERGY; Too LrrTLE ON SUPPLY Service at great expense. greatly hampered the enforcement of the Instead of moving toward the free market, President Carter'~: proposals for a national antiobscenity laws. energy policy rely too much on curbing de­ as industry and most sensible economists For these and other reasons, I have mand and consumption and too little on in­ have been urging, the Carter administration consponsored H.R. 4631, a bill which creasing domestic supplies of natural gas and is inviting the worst of both worlds: tough would amend the Child Abuse Treatment petroleum. The President should have called and politically unpopular conservation meas­ Act to prohibit the sexual exploitation for the gradual deregulation not only of ures plus tough and unpopular controls of children and the transportation and natural gas prices, as he promised in his which may end up making the conservation campaign, but also of petroleum prices. measures futile. distribution of photographs or films de­ For example, Mr. Carter is not calling for picting such exploitation. That would help achieve conservation by allowing prices more nearly to reflect the true the deregulation of the price of natural gas, This bill describes a specific list of cost of replacing present supplies. Market­ even though he once promised to do so. prohibited sexual acts which children oriented prices would also provide producers On the contrary, he is ca111ng for a new under the age of 16 shall not be caused with the capital and the incentive for more celling on the price of gas which, though or permitted to engage in. The bill also drilling. A sensible policy would also insure higher than the present one, links the price calls for penalties of a $50,000 fine or 20 that producers plow increased profits back of gas to the price of fuel oil and applies the years imprisonment for the pornog­ into petroleum, natural gas, and other forms new cemng to gas sold within the producing ot energy production Profits not used for state as well as beyond its borders. Does rapher, photographer, or other responsi­ anybody seriously believe this can be en­ ble party. Persons who transport, receive, energy development could be taxed away. Instead, Mr. Carter's plan would tax pe­ forced without thousands of new payrollers? or sell such materials would be subject to troleum producers so as to raise prices to Similarly, the incentive to produce new oil a $25,000 fine, 2 years imprisonment or world levels-set by the foreign oil cartel­ is based not on the free market, but on both. and would pass the revenues on to the gov­ another intricate formula based on world I urge that the committees consider­ ernment, which would then return part of prices. Who would pollee this? And who ing this bill move quickly so that the them to the public through rebates. That is would police the complicated schedule of taxes and rebates attending the purchase of outrage of child pornography can be backwards, since it is neither the govern­ stopped. ment nor the public that needs the money new cars, based on the fuel consumption of for exploration and dr111ing. The Carter pro­ the cars? Who would determine the tuel posal is regressive also on natural gas. It consumption? We're told that much of the suffering SECRETARIES WEEK would regulate the heretofore unregulated intrastate price and do little to increase sup­ caused by higher fuel prices would be offset plies. by higher credits for the poor on income tax HON. JOSHUA EILBERG The demand side of the President's scheme returns and by direct payments to those who on the other hand, has several good elements: don't file income taxes. This sounds alarm­ OF PENNSYLVANIA Taxing gasoline, "gas guzzling" autos, and ingly like a reincarnation of the late and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES other energy-inefficient machines and ap­ unlamented tax rebate-a scheme to dis­ Tuesday, April 26, 1977 pliances might succeed in restricting the tribute alms about the country without any growth in U.S. demand for energy. It might a~parent relationship to whether tbe bene­ Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, this week insure a little more time than will perhaps ficiaries pay for gasoline or heating on. has been set aside by the National Secre- actually be needed to bring into use energy In short, Mr. Carter has called coura- ApTil 26, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12319 geously for temporary sacrifices and would sential that rightful recognition be given rights and would underscore your inaugural now impose a new array of agencies and them: pledge that the U.S. will give "preference to controls whose long run etiect, we suspect, Now, Therefore, I, the Mayor of the District those nations which share with us an abiding would be to make those sacrifices permanent. of Columbia, do hereby proclaim the week respect for individuaJ human rights." And once again, the country is asked to suffer of April 24-30, 1977 as "Secretaries Week" in India continues to face major challenges in order to gra tlfy the ego of planners who Washington, D.C. and ask that all employ­ in its development efforts. Its per capita in­ think they can outsmart the free market. ers in business, industry and government come is $150. Its population of 600 million join with me in honoring and giving due accounts for 60% of the total population of recognition to this dedicated group of peo­ noncominunist nations under $200 per capita ple, paying special attention to "Secretaries G.N.P. Day" on Apr1127, 1977. We wlll fully support action by the Ad­ SECRETARIES WEEK WALTER E. WASHINGTON, ministration that demonstrates support for Mayor, District of Columbia. nations such as India that share with us "an abiding respect for individual human HON. BOB ECKHARDT In addition, President Jimmy Carter rights." OF TEXAS has issued a special message which Sincerely, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES states: Donald M. Fraser, Henry S. Reuss, Paul SECRETARIES WEEK, 1977 Simon, Edward I. Koch, Tom Harkin, Tuesday, April 26, 1977 Secretaries are a mainstay of both busi­ William M. Brodhead, Joe Moakley, Mr. ECKHARDT. Mr. Speaker, April ness and government. On their skills, ac­ Shirley Chisholm, Paul N. McCloskey, 24-30, 1977, is being observed nation­ curacy and discretion depend countless daily Jr., Barbara A. Mikulski, decisions that atiect the success and quality Parren J. Mitchell, Melvin Price, James wide as Secretaries Week, with Wednes­ of service provided in both the public and C. Corman, Millicent Fenwick, John J. day, April 27, being highlighted as Sec­ private sectors. LaFalce, John J. Cavanaugh, Leon E. retaries Day. The National Secretaries This Week gives all of us a splendid oppor­ Panetta, Stephen J. Solarz, Michael Association-International-in coopera­ tunity to applaud the individuals who pur­ Harrington, Richard L. Ottinger, tion with the U.S. Department of Com­ sue this fine career and to recognize their Benjamin S. Rosenthal, Robert F. Drinan, merce, originated Secretaries Week in indispensable contribution to so many facets Abner J. Mikva, Thomas J. Downey, 1952 to bring recognition to all secre­ of our national life. Jerry M. Patterson, Gladys Noon Spell­ JIMMY CARTER. man, Elizabeth Holtzman, Don taries and to inform the public of the Edwards, secretary's contribution to the educa­ James L. Oberstar, Bob Carr, James tional, professional, and civic growth of Weaver, Peter H. Kostmayer, Ralph H. the community. SUPPORT FOR NEW INDIAN Metcalfe, Edward W. Pattison, Fortney The National Secretaries Association­ GOVERNMENT URGED H. (Pete) Stark, Anthony C. Beilen­ International-a nonprofit associathn son, Robert N. C. NiX, Paul Findley, Jonathan B. Bingham, with chapters throughout the United Christopher J. Dodd, PaUl E. Tsongas, States, Puerto Rico, Canada, and many HON. DONALD M. FRASER Lloyd Meeds, Newton I. Steers, Jr., Les other countries, is the world's leading OF MINNESOTA AuCoin, Bruce F. Vento, and Berkley organization for secretaries. One of its IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Bedell. major programs is the certified profes­ sional secretary program. In order to at­ Tuesday, April 26, 1977 tain the CPS designation, the secretary Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, a group of must successfully complete a 2-day cer­ 46 House Members have urged that the TRIDUTE TO ANTHONY "TONY" tifying examination in six important United States demonstrate its support for ADDUCI areas: First, environmental relation­ the new Government of India. ships in business; second, business and In a letter ta President Carter, we public policy; third, economics of man­ wrote that U.S. support of the new Indian HON. MORGAN F. MURPHY agement; fourth, financial analysis and Government would give "tangible expres­ OF ILLINOIS the mathematics of business; fifth, com­ sion to the positive side of our commit­ munications and decisionmaking; and ment to human rights." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sixth, office procedures. We told the President that a demon­ Tuesday, April 26, 1977 I wish to acknowledge the dedicated stration of U.S. support was warranted Mr. MURPHY of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, work of the secretaries in my own office­ in view of the peaceful transfer of power I would like to pay tribute to one of Chi­ including a certified professional secre­ to a new political group that intends to cago's outstanding political figures, An­ tary-and also to pay tribute to secretar­ respect the rights of the Indian people. thony "Tony" Adduci, who died at the ies everywhere for their vital role in bus­ The text of the letter follows with a list age of 63 on April 6, 1977. iness, industry, education, government, of the Members who endorsed its senti­ Tony Adduci devoted over 45 years of and the professions. ments: his life to the Democratic Party, serving Secretaries Week is officially acknowl­ DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: We welcome your con­ for 29 years as the party's ninth ward edged by Federal, State, and municipal cern for human rights as an important in­ secretary, and then as administrative governments, by the issuance of official gredient in American foreign policy. aide to the water commissioner. proclamations. Ma:vor Walter E. Wash­ In the past, Congress has sought to ex­ press its concern over serious human rights Tony Adduci's career in the Demo­ ington has issued the following procla­ violations by calling for limitations on as­ cratic Party dates back to the 1930's, mation: sistance to governments committing such when the ninth ward was a Republican A PROCLAMATION BY THE MAYOR OF THE violations. We believe, however, that it is stronghold. Through skill, persistence, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA equally important to affirm our support for and devoted service to people, Tony Ad­ Whereas, the Capital and District of Co­ those governments that demonstrate a strong duci turned the ninth ward into one of lumbia Chapters of the National Secretaries concern for human rights and hold power the Democratic Party's most reliable Association (International) together with based on the exercise of the right of the areas for support. other chapter.;; throughout the nation are people to select their own government. Tony Adduci's success as an organizer observing April 24-30, 1977 as "Secretaries In this connection, we invit~ your atten­ Week"; and tion to the nation of Jndia. Jndia has been was due to a single-minded prlllclple: Whereas, in keeping with the best tradi­ governed by one party for 18 years and for serve the people. He constantly reminded tion of their profes!Oion. secretaries continue the last 19 months experienced a significant politicians who ran in the ward of this to accept vital responsibilities and are per­ loc::s of democratic rights. However. as a re­ simple, but important, principle. forming important roles in cominerce, in­ sult of the recent election in :rndia, it ap­ Mr. Speaker, the loss of Tony Adduci dustry and government; and pears that a peaceful transfer of power to a is felt by his family, his many friends, Whereas. professional development for new political group has been achieved and by the Democratic Party, and by the peo­ secretaries should be stressed to remind the that the new government intends to fully ple of Chicago. Mayor Bilandic recently secretary of benefi.ts from continued educa­ respect the rights of the people of Jndia. paid tribute to Tony Adduci in these tion, and to remind the employer he will Under tbe<;e circumstances, we believe the gain a better qualified secretary; and U.S. government should evidence its willing­ words: "He never failed to help me." The Whereas, to honor the secretaries now do­ nec::s to l!ive support to the new government. mayor's words neatly sum up the feelings in~ their jobs diligently and to encourage Thi<; would give tangible expression to the of those who came to know Tony Adduci. others to enter this worthy career, it is es- positive side of our commitment to human He will be missed by all of us. 12320 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 26, 1977 DRUG TRAFFICKING: A NEW against them don't specify whether they were prevents many from getting jobs and still TECHNIQUE selling or merely possessing the drug. more are excluded from training pro­ Another cop, an undercover officer who grams. buys drugs on the street and then arre:;ts HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL the seller, told of a recent meeting with a This bill would amend the Civil Rights pusher in a Harlem tenement hallway. Act of 1964 to extend the equal oppor­ OF NEW YORK He asked the pusher for two bundles­ tunity provision so that employment dis­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES each with 25 $10 bags. The pusher didn't crimination against the handicapped Tuesday, April 26, 1977 have that much and called to a girl jumping would be unlawful. rope with friends in the street. Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, as the She came inside the hallway, the officer re­ representative from Harlem, the largest called. "What do you want," she asked. "How drug-prone community in the country, much do you have on you," the pusher asked. AMERICAN AGRICULTURE CANNOT I have often been apoalled by the meth­ The girl rolled up her sweater sleeves AFFORD CHEAPER FOOD and revealed seven bundles taped to her right ods used by our Na.tion's drug peddlers. arm and five to her left. The pusher took This la.test form of pushing the narcotics what he needed and the girl went back to HON. CHARLES E. GRASSLEY highlights quite clearly the need for ac­ jumping rope. OF IOWA tion in this area. "She was no older than nine," the cop Recently while I was in the district, said. "It didn't seem like she knew it was IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES community residents informed me of the drugs. It was something she was holding Tuesday, April 26, 1977 and she would get paid for it later." way in which this system works. Juve­ In many cases the youths' parents encour­ Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. Speaker, from niles are used as couri'ers, as they are age or quietly acquiesce to their children's time to time some self-appointed "con­ known on the streets. These youths are activities, police and community sources told sumer interest" group comes along and uc:;ed by the veteran pushers as peddlers The Post. continues to foster the misconception to avoid the latter's prosecution under One cop, who requested anonymity, recent­ that American food is expensive and that New York's strict narcotics law. As a re­ ly arrested a nine-year-old boy and accused the consumer deserves "cheap" food. sult these youths become seasoned to the him of selling heroin. The boy had $1600 on Well, as those of use who come from drug world before they reach their 16th him. Called to the precinct stationhouse and agricultural States know, American food birthday. informed about the money, the boy's mother is cheap. The only way it could be any We as elected officials cannot allow said, "I told you to ps.y that furniture bill." less expensive would be to knock out the this practice to continue. Our children According to Garcia, the youths become middlemen, the retailers, and the butch­ must be insulated from this cancer. I "holders" becauc::e of the fast money and the ers--all of whom are consumers in their urge my colleagues to carefully review prestige they receive on the block for being own right. the article from the New York Post of associated with the pushers. But once they're part of the O!)eratlon, A recent editorial in the April 1977 edi­ Aoril 8 which I have inserted. Those Garcia said, "they're often threatened or tion of Beef explains the dangers these committees that have jurisdiction over beaten up to remain in--or just not to talk." "consumer interest" groups pose to the the narcotics issue must move and move The alleged boss of the 11-year-old ar­ agriculture industry. expeditbusly in order that this problem rested yesterday was identified by police as I would like to share it with my col­ does not allow our children to be used as Ronald Cherebin. Cherebin lives in an apart­ leagues: pawns in the pusher's pursuit of profit. ment at 262 W. 115th St. where drugs were NEW "FOOD POLICY" REPORT OVERLOOKS PAST The article follows: being processed for street sale, police said. EXPERIENCES SIX-YEAR-0LDS RUN DRUGS-IT KEEPS HEAT SPOTTED FROM ROOF Muddle-headed thinking about agricul­ OFF PUSHERS Officers Garcia and James Woods spotted ture isn't the exclusive domain of govern­ (By John L. Mitchell) the 11-year-old pusher from a rooftop sur­ ment bureaucrats and leaders, as proven by velllance post after chasing a group of ad­ a report published by a private group a few The drug pushers of Harlem have enllsted dicts loitering. They waited and watched the weeks ago. kids as young as six as their couriers. boy make several trips into the building. Entitled "Toward a National Food Policy," According to police and community The boy delivered the dope to customers the report 1.s the work of Joe Belden and sources, the couriers-called "holders" or and then Cherebin collected the money­ Gregg Forte, members of a privately spon­ "runners"-are paid up to $300 a week to Cherebin was charged with possession and sored organization known as the Exploratory carry large amounts of concealed heroin sale of dangerous drugs, and impairing the Project for Economic Alternatives. within eyesight of the pusher. morals of a minor. The 228-page report contains a series of In this way the older pushers-many of The boy was arrested as a juvenile and frightening recommendations and proposals whom could be prosecuted as adults under released to his mother. as to how agriculture should be handled. In strict state laws--can circumvent the man­ essence, the report seeks complete dominance datory llfe sentence for possessing or selllng of agriculture by the federal government. larJ?e quantities of heroin. Although past history has vividly demon­ The Post last month revealed that young CIVIL RIGHTS FOR THE HANDI­ strated the chaos that is created when gov­ teens had entered the packaging and proc­ CAPPED ernment intervenes too greatly ln the affairs essing level of the drug hierarchy ln a simi­ of agriculture, the report blithely ignores lar attempt to beat adult drug laws. past bitter experience. Yesterday afternoon police arrested an 11· The basic premise of the report is that year-old boy, accused of selllng heroin, with HON. EDWARD P. BEARD OF RHODE ISLAND Americans should be guaranteed cheap food his 18-year-old "boss" in an apartment ln and that the federal treasury should be Harlem's notorious drug "marketplace." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tapped for some $12 to $15 billion annually Pollee said they seized 2.7 pounds of Tuesday, April 26, 1977 to hold down food price inflation and also to heroin--$19,000-and $1357 in cash. subsidize small farmers with direct pay­ It was the largest catch in a four-month Mr. BEARD of Rhode Island. Mr. ments to keep them in bU!'iness. crackdown on Harlem drug trafficking along Speaker, I am introducing a bill today According to the theory of the authors, this Eighth Av. that would eliminate discrimination revenue would come by revising present in­ "It's not rare. We arrest them that young come tax laws so that the top 25 percent of every day," said Joseph Garcia, one of the against handicapped persons in their search for jobs. I think it is about time the taxpayers would foot the blll. arresting officers. "Yesterday we arrested a A key point in the reoort is that such 12-year-old and a 13-year-old for possessing the Civil Rights Act should be made to crops as wheat and soybeans would be han­ d.rugc:;, apply to handicapped persons. The whole dled by "a publicly-controlled marketing "We've arrested them as young as 6," Garcia country knows that the handicapped can agency similar to the Canadian Wheat said. provide good skills in many businesses Board." HOLD THE DROPS and industries, that they have had an The report says, "The board, tn essence, "As long as they're kids (under 16) and excellent record of attendance and are would buy the domestic crop at guaranteed can walk and talk sensibly, the older pushers reliable. There are some industries that floor prices, sell it to domestic processors have them holding the drops on .the street," have made a practice of hiring skilled at guaranteed ce111n~ prices and market the he ~aid. remainder abroad at world prices. «You'll never find one of the older pushers handicapped persons-some have even "The initial pavment to farmers would holding more than 'misdemeanor weight.'" instituted training programs. All these then be supplemented by proceeds from Garcia said. Because their young helpers are enlightened industries report the splen­ domestic and forehm ~>ales and with direct treated as juvenlle dellnquents, charges did results. However, discrimination still payments from the government." April 26, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12321 If this plan was followed the report authors mediate past president of the Ohio Police effect before the first day of the Congress conclude that, "Consumers need no longer Chief's Association as he was president following the Congress in which the enact­ be victimized by sudden high-volume private ment of such statute or the adoption ot sales of grain or other foods to desperate for­ in 1975-76. His record of public service is eign buyers." uncommonly fine. such resolution, as the case may be, occurs. (b) For purposes of subsection (a), any I! the writers of the report had taken time We should all be proud of men and statute enacted or resolution adopted in any to study the workings of the Canadian Wheat women with the kind of loyalty, dedica­ Congress during the period which begins on Bo!lrd they would have quickly found out tion, and fairness that Chief Mavromatis the Tuesday following the first Monday in that the system just doesn't work all that possesses. November in any even-numbered year and well and it is far from a panacea. ends at noon on the following January third They also bring up another windm111 to tnt shall be considered to be enacted or adopted, at in the form of the old argument that CONGRESSIONAL BENEFITS as the case may be, during the first session of Americans eat too much meat and grain the following Congress. should be used for people rather than "wasted" on feeding cattle. (c) For purposes of subsection (a)- (1) the term "Member of Congress" means "American cattle feeding lots now use HON. MILLICENT FENWICK a Senator or Representative in, or Delegate valuable grain that could contribute to inter­ OF NEW JERSEY or Resident Commissioner to, the Congress; national emergency relief. Feedlots are heavy and polluters and grain-fed bee! is much higher IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (2) the term "officer of the Congress" in cholesterol than is meat !rom range-fed Tuesday, April 26, 1977 cattle," says the report. means the President pro tempore of the Sen­ "Therefore, though hxes and direct re­ Mrs. FENWICK. Mr. Speaker, in Feb­ ate, the Speaker of the House of Representa­ strictions and feedlot operations, and through ruary, the House approved a resolution tives, the majority and minority leaders of the exclusion of feedlots from the benefits of adopting a strict new code of ethics for the Senate and the House, and any Member grain price controls, the U.S. could shl!t of Congress holding any omce in the Senate Members of the House. Recently, the or the House who, by reason of holding such grain to human consumption and increase House approved an amendment which the production of cheaper, more healthful office, receives a rate of pay in excess of that range-fed cattle." will require a recorded vote to approve which such Member would otherwise receive Obviously, the authors chose to disregard congressional pay increases. These as a Member of Congress. SEc. 2. No law enacted after the date of the all the dat:::~. and evidence science has pres­ changes are important, and I supported ented that feeding grain to cattle is not them. I hope they signify a new spirit enactment of this Act shall supersede this wasteful nor is there a health hazard in eat­ of openness in Congress which will help Act unless it does so in specific terms, re­ ing grain-fed beef. It is equally obvious they ferring to this Act, and declaring that such restore the public trust in elected om­ law supersedes the provisions of this Act. have not studied the economics of range-fed cials. But there is still more to be done. cattle or sampled any milo or com sllage recently. Members can still vote themselves a In another portion of the report there is a pay raise which takes effect immediately. recommendation that the USDA, the Food This is also true of omce expense allot­ MEDICAL FREEDOM OF CHOICE and Drug Administartion, the Agency for In­ ments and any number of other emolu­ ternational Development and the Environ­ ments. Members of Congress are in a very mental Protection Agency be combined to delicate position because we are fre­ HON. STEVEN D. SYMMS form a new Food and Agriculture Depart­ quently asked to vote for a measure that OF IDAHO ment. will benefit us directly, whether it be a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "Primary emphasis in this new department should be given to the needs and rights of pay raise or a tax deduction. I think it Tuesday, April 26, 1977 the 100 percent of us who consume !arm would be easier and fairer if we could products," the report states. vote these benefits for future Congresses Mr. SYMMS. Mr. Speaker, in today's The Exploratory Project for Economic instead of ourselves. The effective date Democratic Study Group Staff Bulletin Alternatives said the report wasn't its final of benefits affecting Members directly, the Honorable SHIRLEY CHISHOLM en­ conclusion on U.S. food policy and that, "It because of their status as Members of tered a letter regarding the medical is being released to share the information and Congress, should be delayed. Members freedom of choice bill, H.R. 54, in the analysis with interested fellow citizens and would have to stand for election before constituent mail responses section. to ellc:lt comment and criticism." I thank Mrs. CHISHOLM for entering You can do that by writing the group at they could benefit. 1519 Connecticut Ave., NW., Washington, I have joined a large number of my the letter in the DSG Bulletin and I urge D.C. 20036. colleagues in introducing and cosponsor­ my colleagues to study her statement. The best thing ·that can happen to this ing legislation to delay the effective date There is Df.> question that the American report is th~t it be consigned to molder away of pay -raises for Members of Congress. public is being denied access to many in some file cabinet and forever be forgotten. Today I am introducing legislation which new, lifesaving drugs as a result of the would apply that philosophy to other excessive regulations of the Food and benefits as well. The bill applies only to Drug Administration. financial benefits "specifically applicable To date, 92 Members of Congress have GEORGE ~VRO~TIB HONORED to Members of Congress or omcers of the cosponsored the medical freedom of AS "BLUE COAT OF THE YEAR" Congress." The text of the bill follows: choice bill. The cosponsors represent H.R. 6623 both political parties and all political philosophies. I hope that more of my HON. DOUGLAS APPLEGATE A bill to provide that increases in rates of pay for Members of Congress, and other colleagues will join in the effort to re­ OF OHIO financial benefits specifically applicable to turn the regulation of drugs in our coun­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Members of Congress, may take effect only try to a commonsense, practical ap­ Tuesday, April 26, 1977 if approved by the Congress and deferred proach by cosponsoring the medical until the beginning of the following Con­ freedom of choice bill. Mr. APPLEGATE. Mr. Speaker, on gress Representative CHISHOLM's letter fol­ Thursday, April 21, 1977, the Steuben­ Be it enacted. by the Senate and House lows: of Representatives of the United. States of ville, Ohio, Council No. 472 of the MEDICAL FREEDOM OF CHOICE BILL AND THE America in Congress assembled, That (a) Knights of Columbus presented their DRUG EFFICACY REQUIREMENTS annual "Blue Coat of the Year" award notwithstanding any other law, any increase in the rate of pay !or Members of Congress (Text of a letter by Representative to George Mavromatis, chief of police or officers of the Congress, and the adoption CHISHOLM) in Steubenville. of or increase in any other financial benefit Thank you very much !or your recent let­ This award is given to the individual specifically applicable to Members ot Con­ ter supporting the Medical Freedom of who best exemnlifles the qualities and at­ gress or officers of the Congress, shall not Choice b111, H.R. 54, which would repeal the tributes of our "men in blue." Any police­ take effect unless- "efficacy" provisions in existing Food, Drug man, fireman, or other public servant ( 1) such Increase or benefit is established and Cosmetic law. I truly appreciate your whose responsibility it is to protect our by Federal statute, and, in the case of any support and I am pleased to report that I citizenry, is eligible for the award. such increase or benefit which takes effect by am a cosponsor of the blll. reason of administrative action under any Naturally, everyone would like to see that Chief Mavromatis has served the such statute, ls speclfically approved by each all drugs on the marketplace are etrectlve, Steubenville Police Department for over House of the Congress by resolution adopted but 15 years of experience and billions of 31 years, being selected as chief of police by recorded vote; and dollars have shown very clearly that the on January 1, 1969. He also serves as 1m- (2) such increase or benefit does not take 1962 Amendments to the Food, Drug and 12322 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 26, 1977 a. grown man. . . • FDA has a long-term guidance of experts with the Cornell Univer­ Cosmetic Act have not helped achieve that sity Cooperative. The program is financed goal. In fact, they have considerably harmed problem with the recruitment of personnel, good scientific personnel. ... It is a funda­ with $500,000 from the Federal Department the American consumer. As Professor Sam of Agriculture. Peltzman so succinctly stated in his book mental societal concern as to whether, over the long term. FDA can operate solely with "The whole idea," said Albert Harris, who Regulation of Pharmaceutical Innovation: heads the Cornell staff, "will be to let the The 1962 Amendments, "If the Food, Drug an in-house staff, or what the role of the advisory committees will be, because I don't people in the communities do the work. It and Cosmetics Act was intended to benefit will be their g.ardens. We wm act as con­ consumers, the inescapable conclusion to think we wm ever solve the problem of a totally strong in-house staff." (Emphasis sultants." which this st udy points is that the intent is The Cornell staff will supply expertise on better served by reversion to the status quo added) I hope that I have provided you with some soil and how to improve it. The program wm ante 1962." provide tools and fertilizer, and will pay for There is overwhelming economic and medi­ valuable information on this bill. Thank you, again, for your interest and support. the rental of any necessary vehicles. cal evidence that the American people are "We are not getting involved in flower being denied access to many drugs now in gardens," said John Ameroso, who will rep­ wide use in other countries for the treatment resent Cornell with Brooklyn community of serious diseases because of controversy groups. over the efficacy of the drugs alone. It is GARDENING IN NEW YORK CITY In the Bedford-Stuyvesant section of our belief that so long as a drug is ~roven Brooklyn, Joan Edwards, the executive direc­ safe, and is properly labeled regarding all tor of the Magnolia Tree Earth Center, which possible efficacy, it should be made available HON. GEORG£· E. BROWN, JR. has been successful in working with com­ to patients and physicians who wish to use OF CALIFORNIA munity groups in creating vegetable gardens it. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In littered lots, was enthusiastic about the In adrl.ition to the basic question of the program. rights of individuals to exercise freedom of Tuesday, April 26, 1977 "We will not only be able to have more choice of safe medical treatment, there is Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. Speak­ gardens in our own area," she said, "we may considerable evidence that internal problems er spring is here and gardens are being be able to expand the work into other parts at FDA and overly stringent proof require­ of Brooklyn." ments under the law have made it virtually pl~nted in many backyards and avail­ In the South Bronx, Jack Flanagan, the impo~=;sible to meet efficacy standards in a able plots. But many of our urban dwel­ director of operations for the Bronx Frontier timely fashion. Hence, this country suffers lers do not have access to land even if Development Corporation, said 25 community from a "<'lrug lag" as compared to other de­ they have the spirit for planting and groups in the area were already interested veloped nations. growing their food. It is time to start in the program. As our drug regulatory system is now struc­ using our many acres of barren, ugly "We will be the liaison between the com­ tured, medical freedom of choice is avaihble city plots for the production of green, munities and Cornell," he said. "We don't only to those wealthy enough to travel out­ want to build expectations too high, but it side the country to obtain treatment with fresh vegetables. seems an excellent idea." drugs banned in this country. The situation our distinguished colleague, the gen­ At the Queens Botan!cal Garden-the Cor­ is serious enough that the followin~ state­ tleman from New York, FRED RICH­ nell group is also working wit h the cit y's ment apoeared in the highly respected New MOND has been doing just that. Two botanical gardens on this project--Diana England Journal of Medicine: "On the basis years ago he began pushing for funds Miller, community liaison, said: of past exoerience, years will pass before and technical assistance by the De­ "We will be meeting with community beclomethasone will be aoproved by the Food groups next month. I've already had requests and Drug Administration (FDA). Needlessly, partment of Agriculture's Extension from community groups, and we've been dur>ng t his period many children will be Service for gardening projects in six meeting with people from Cornell. This pro­ stunted in growth, and ad11lts will suffer major cities, including New York; $1.5 gram has a tremendous potential." soinal frar.tures. In the patient's best inter­ million was appropriated in the fiscal Experts in nutrition are equally pleased est. the physi<'ian must advise leaving the year 1976 budget. with the program. Joan Dye Gussow, associ­ count rv or obtaining the cfrug illegallv." It Since that time, FRED has been insur­ ate professor of nutritinn and education, who is trulv alarming thf.l.t thfc:: is far from an ;so­ ing the rapid implementation of this directs a program in nutrition at Teacher's laten examole ann that this is what the 1962 program in New York City. Land in this College of Columbia University, sa'd: Amendments have brought us to. "I think it's a terrific idea. When you've I have supported the ME>dical Freedom of city which was just a collection of eye­ grown a vegetable it's hard not to eat it. I Choice bill because of its pro-consumer. anti­ sores is now being leveled and prepared think a lot of pe ::J ple have stopped eating monopoly nature. Professor Peltzman con­ for planting; novice gardeners are learn­ vegetables because they've forgotten what cluded: "Treated as a grouP. consumers seem ing pointers about soil tilth, watering fresh vegetables taste like." clearlv to have lost -on balance from the and proper care. I commend the gentle­ PROGRAM BEGINS MAY 8 Amendments ... The measurable effects (of man from New York for his excellent The program is scheduled to begin officially the 1962 .Amendments) add up to a net loss achievements. I have long been a sup­ on May 8, at a large lot in Brooklyn on Baltlc of $250 to $3fi0 million, or about 6 % of total porter of gardening and I find such Street, from Fourth to Fifth Avenue, where drug sales." The New Ene:land Journal of progress extremely encouraging. a sort of neighborhood garbage dump is to Medicine states: "The introduction of new be converted this summer into a community drugs has become extremely exoensive, pre­ What better use of the pubUc money to vegetable farm. ventin~ develonmflnt of drug!': for less com­ than have people working with the However, preliminary work has already be­ mon inr!ic'l.tions. Beca11se smaller r.ompanfes soil, learning about nature and its many gun there, with youngsters clearing the cannot afford to soend several million dol­ cycles and frustrations, enjoying the ,ground to get the earth ready for the seeds. lars for the cost of an FnA reniew large com­ sunshine and the cloudy days, and pro­ In this, and all other vegetable gardens in panif'S gain a monopolistic position and can ducing a little food that is tastier and the program, the community wm get the maintain high price!'~." healthier than most of that which is food. Cornell wm have nutrition and agricul­ It has been suggested that the public has found in the local markets? tural experts available for the community neither the time nor the training to make The following article, which I in­ workers, who may be undecided about which scientific determinations as to the effective­ crop to plant. ness of drugs. I think there is no question clude in the RECORD, that appeared One reason the official opening will be in that the majority of doctors have a better in today's New York Times, summarizes Brooklyn is that one of the main sponsors of idea of the value of drugs than the FDA, the progress and achievements of this the Congressional legislation that made this particularly when one reviews the recent gardening project. I hope my colleagues program possible was Representative Fred W. statements of Dr. Richard Crout, Director of will review it and that those with urban Richmond of Brooklyn, a member of the the Bureau of Drugs: "I can tell you that in districts will encourage such self-suf­ Appropriations subcommittee of the House my first year at the FDA-even actually ficient efforts: Appropriations Committee. longer than that, 1972. 1973-going to certain Five other cities will have similar programs kinds of meetings was an extraordinarily ONE THOUSAND "FARMS" PLANNED ON LOTS IN this summer under the legislation that will peculiar kind of exercise. Peonle-I'm talk­ NEW YORK call for an expenditure of $1.5 m1llion. The ing about division directors and their staffs­ (By Murray Schumach) other cities are Los Angeles, Chicago, Phila­ woul1 engage in a kind of behavior that in­ Garbage-littered lots, many of them in the delphia, Detroit and Houston. vited insubordination: People tittered in the worst sections of New York City, will become "This is a step to improve urban blight," corners, throwing spitballs--now I'm de­ veget3.ble gardens under a J:rogram to green Representative Richmond said. "There are scribing physicians; people would slouch the city by creating a thousand farms in low­ lots of areas that are just rubble, and no­ down in their chair and not respond to income neighborhoods. thing is being done about it. The people who questions; and moan-and-groan, the sleep­ Residents of these areas, mostly young peo­ work on such projects will feel a pride in ing gestures. This was a kind of behavior I ple, but some of them elderly, will do the their community. We are relating a Federal have not seen in any other Institution from farming-and keep the food-under the growing program to New York City." April 26, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12323 In recent years, a number of community Shore area. Founded by him and his wife, the would like to enter in the RECORD at this groups in New York have tried converting little "mom and pop" grocery store has twice point a statement by Mr. John Moore lots into vegetable or flower gardens. Many expanded, and now, under the direction of have failed--some because of vandalism, his sons, the Midland Avenue store will soon representing the Kolff Foundation of others because of indifference-but some embark on a new expansion program. Cleveland, Ohio. This statement demon­ have been very successful. n is sad to lose such a pillar of the com­ strates some of the ways in which we For instance, last year, under the auspices munity, but we know that the many good can achieve major savings in this pro­ of the Magnolia Tree Earth Center, a block works of Bernardino Vaccaro accomplished gram: association was so successful in growing veg­ in his lifetime will help ease the sorrow now We assume that House Bill 3112 is an etables in what had been just another clut­ being felt by his family, associates and effort to contain the costs caused by a very tered lot on East 95th Street that it won a friends. bad law which did an enormous amount of $500 prize awarded by Molly Parnis for the The founder has died, but the tradition he good for a very small segment of our popula­ best such garden in Brooklyn. fostered lives on. tion at great expense to the Government. The urban farmers according to the Mag­ Noting that the original estimate of 120 nolia Earth Center, have decided to spend the mlllion dollars per year for the ESRD pro­ money to beautify the garden. gram has ballooned to 600 million dollars The Cornell group conducted a pilot proj­ per year and will surely reach one blllion ect last summer with 11 lots. The results COST OF MEDICARE CHRONIC KID­ dollars per year by 1980, something must be were promising. Only two of the projects NEY DISEASE PROGRAM CLIMBS done to reverse the rising trend especially were absolute failures and the rest had vary­ TO $1.9 BILLION BY 1982 since this program is a reasonable facsimile ing degrees of success. of what to expect if national health insur­ The average farm in last summer's experi­ ance is enacted by expanding the same pro­ ment by Cornell was 1,800 square feet, and HGN. CHARLES A. VANIK cedures governing ESRD. the farmers included 135 adults and 283 OF OHIO In my humble judgement, ESRD costs have youngsters. The successful farms, the Cornell IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES escalated for the following reasons: study showed, had good yields of tomatoes, ( 1) The complete failure of most of the peppers, radishes, collard greens, zuchini, egg Tuesday, April 26, 1977 health community to recognize any social or plant and an assortment of beans. Mr. V ANIK. Mr. Sreaker, during the economic limiting factors in prescrtbing SOIL IS REPORTED ACID • 94th Congress, the Ways and Means treatment modalities. Mr. Ameroso, who was in charge of last (2) The trend established almost imme­ Oversight Subcommittee conducted an diately after the enactment of H.R. 1 in 1973, year's pilot project, said most soil in city extensive study of the medicare chronic lots was "pretty acid." He said it was worse in many areas of the country, where home where the lots had been covered by brick kidney disease program. During our work dialysis became a neglected treatment and buildings than where they once supported in 1975, we were told by HEW that the center dialysis units were allowed to pro­ wooden houses. cost of the program might amount to as liferate. "In cases where there were brick buildings much as $1 billion for the treatment (3) Increasingly expensive artificial kidney that were abandoned and razed," he said, of some 70,000 patients in the year 1984. machines and dialyzers were prescribed and "we may have to bring top soil. In many justified through the use of the "Uncle Sam By early 1976, we were receiving warn­ is paying for it, why worry syndrome" With­ cases we will probably just have to add lime. ings that the program could cost as much Lime is not expensive. You can cover one of out valid medical reasons for the use of such these lots for $2 worth of lime." as $1.7 billion by 1990. equipment. La.st summer's experience showed that Health Subcommittee Chairman Ros­ ( 4) Complex regulations and creation of urban farmers tend to be stingy with water. TENKOWSKI and I have just received a. overlapping agencies. with slmllar !unctions They see the ground is wet and assume that new report from the Social Security Ac­ and the consequent increase in already bur­ is enough. densome paper work for hospitals, medical tuary that the cost of the program is personnel and administrative personnel in "We will be holding classes with them in now estimated at $1.9 billion by 1982, all units providing dialysis services. the fields or at community centers," Mr. $3.6 billion by 1987, and $6.3 billion by (5) The regrettable tendency for H.E.W. Ameroso said. "They will learn how to poke 1992. In general, these enormous in­ and Social Security to fund studies which their hands or a stick into the earth to see creases in costs are due to the high rate become obsolete before they are finished. A that the water has gone 12 inches or so." four year study of dialyzers and a study to Mr. Harris said some community groups of inflation in the health sector and the fact that more people are being determine why more patients are not opting were planning to plant a single crop because for home dialysis come to mind. The many it would be easier to share among the farm­ treating successfully for chronic kidney thousands of dOllars spent on useless proJects ers-or to sell and share the proceeds. disease. Nevertheless, the fact remains like these could be much better applied to "We hope, no matter what they plant," he that we must find ways to reduce the equipment which could greatly reduce said, "that they will realize what farmers staggering costs of this program. If we dialysis costs in the next few years. I refer to have to do to grow a crop." cannot control costs in the case of thi~ such items as a wearable artificial kidney, one small program treating one disease, sma.ller portable units, further miniaturiza­ then we cannot even begin to consider tion and the like. Action on all of these fronts is needed now IN MEMORY OF BERNARDINO national health insurance or coverage since their development will totally change VACCARO for other catastroohic diseases. present dialysis procedures. We must control costs in this pro­ I should like to establish the credentialS gram-even if it means directing physi­ for us to make such judgements without HON. RICHARD L. OTTINGER cians and patients who are currently us­ previous medical knowledge, except what ir..g expensive modes of treatment to use might have been acquired by osmosis in a OF NEW YORK close connection with home dialysis kidney IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES less expensive but equally sound methods of treatment. patients for some twelve years beginning Tuesday, April 26, 1977 with our involvement in a very minor way in Earlier this year, Chairman RosTEN­ procuring hardware for the kidney machine Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, the Port KOWSKI and I introduced legislation de­ Dr. Wlllem Kolff produced at the Cleveland Chester community was deeply saddened signed to control the costs in the kidney Clinic using a tub washing machine as a recently by the passing of Bernardino disease program without reducing the base. The finished product cost $950 and Vaccaro. A lovely tribute appeared in quality of care provided to patients. This home patients using it made up their own dlalyzers or filters at a cost of about $10 per the Port Chester Daily Item, which I legislation was the subject dialysis. We might remark in passing that would like to share with my colleagues of hearings on Monday, April25. some of these patients are stlll alive, but at this time: Basically, the bill encourages kidney have graduated to more sophisicated devices. A Loss FOR ALI. transplants and kidney dialysis in a At the time this was developed, an artU1clal The passing of Bernardino (Billie) Vac­ home setting as ways of reducing pro­ kidney machine cost in the neighborhood of caro is a sad lo!s, not only for the Vaccaro gram costs. While there is some disa­ $10,000. family but for the entire area as well. greement with the bill, the subcommit­ The Foundation's next project was a pro­ Epitomizing the American dream, the im­ tee received a wide range of testimony gram to rent artificial kidney machines at migrant from Italy was noted not only for from physicians and patients, many of between $50 to $65 per month to home his popular grocery store, but for the many dialysis patients. Some 50 such patients were charitable and civic endeavors that he and whom described the benefits of home assisted over a five year period. The Inain his family have been associated with. dialysis and ways to encourage greater funding source was money borrowed at a Vaccaro's Supermarket has been a Post use of home dialysis-a form of treat­ Cleveland bank with the machines being used Chester fixture for more than 50 years and ment that is approximately one-third as as security for five year chattel mortgages. draws shoppers from all parts of the Sound expensive as other forms of therapy. I It is worthy of note that none of our projects 12324 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 26, 1977 to date have involved federal funding except sis support programs in Pennsylvania. sup­ Sullivan's unit in New York City, and Dr. the program we completed in September last plementing the Medicare program, the very Norman Deane's in Hawaii competent inves­ to train dialysis aides, which was partially fine KDI program administered by Henry tigator can find out all he needs to know funded by CET A. Bochner in New York, splendid assistance by about any such procedures in less than a With the enactment of H.R. 1, we pro­ the American Kidney Fund, many local kid­ week without hiring an outside source to posed to Medicare a per dialysis billing pro­ ney foundations, the UMWA, The United make a stratified random sampling, whatever gram, which removed most of the inequities Labor Agency, Blue Cross and Blue Shield, that is. in home patient dialysis coverage caused by some insurance companies and many indus­ Fourthly, I would be very remiss 1f I did provisions in prior regulations of Medicare tries both large and small have kept the not pay tribute to the staff at HEW. Strug­ enacted before the ESRD program was home dialysis populaticn from dwindling to gllng to implement regulations which they thought of. With the assistance and guid­ almost nothing. did not instigate, with little or no budget, ance of Phillip Jos and Matt Plonski of the Having said all this, what do we feel about they have performed a yeomans job in at­ Medicare Department of Social Security, this the provisions of H.B. 3112 which might re­ tempting to reconcile conflicting interests. I program began with seven home patients of verse the trend to higher cost dialysis treat­ would also like to pay tribute to Dr's Schu­ the Cleveland Clinic in August of 1974 and ment modalities. pak, Hampers and Hagar, who establlshed a now covers nearly 200 patients in ten states ( 1) Elimina tton of the ninety day waiting number of dialysis centers throughout this with some fifty more patients presently in period would be a step in the right direction country well before the advent of H.R. 1. process. Without going into the mechanics and extension of the after transplant cover­ They now care for almost 25% of the dialysis of our plan, it suffices to say that the billing age period is very necessary. population. It is rumored that they made for each dialysis covers the cost of the arti­ (2) An arbitrary quota system of 40 or 50% some money but since when has profit been ficial kidney machine, its maintenance and of future ESRD dialysis patients to be in self a dirty word in the American economic sys­ repair, storage and transportation and re­ care or at home would only increase costs. tem. Incidentally most of these units dialyze conditioning when neces<>ary, when a patient Rigid restrictions on constructi{Jn of further on coils and a relatively inexpensive bedside no longer needs the device, and all the an­ fac111ties for in center or hospital dialysis monitoring system. Thus far no one has said cillary supplies necessary for each dialysis would help. I know of two recent cases where the BMA patients are less well cared for than including the dialyzer and blood lines. limited care centers have opened in close those using expensive dialyzers and monitor­ No patient is accepted on the plan without proximity to other centers which are not yet ing equipment. Some years back Dr. Hampers a prescription signed by his doctor which fully ut111zed. assembles a monitoring system for home pa­ sets forth the type and make of dialyzer to ( 3) Elimination of many of the confiicting tients costing less than $1,000.00. What ever be used, the type and make of artificial kid­ alphabets which presently have their fingers happened to it? ney machine and ancillary supplies needed in the ESRD soup shculd be a. must. I refer I want to thank the committee for allow• for each dialysis, as well as indicating the to HEW in Washington, Social Security in ing me to express my views and their patience supplier who will send these items on a Baltimore, HEW regionals, SNCC's, HSA's, in listening. regular basis to the home dialysis patients PSRO's ESRD medical review boards, and on the program. the ESRD regions as now constituted. By Our chief concern has always been the the time a project clears th9.t group the need PREVAILING WAGE CONCEPT welfare of home dialysis patients. may have already been modified or vanished. With this procedure in mind, we have ac­ (4) Elimination or simplification of the quired complete cost data from some 90 gobble-de-gook now contained in the final HON. TOM HAGEDORN patients in 1976 who were on the program regulations governing ERSD units, produced OF MINNESOTA for a full year. Our study shows that the after two and one half years labor by the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVE j cost of dialyzers and ancillary supplies run planning agencies in H.E.W. and Medicare. from an average low of $43 to a high of $75 Most laymen would give up in utter bewilder­ Tuesday, April 26, 1977 or more per dialysis, a cost variance, of $30 ment after the first several pages. I know of per treatment or $360 per month per patient. no way that the preFence of a certain number Mr. HAGEDORN. Mr. Speaker, while This cost variance, except in rare cases, of RN's, LPN's, a graduate social worker, even the "prevailing wage" concept of the cannot be medically justified. Second, arti­ a nephrologist or two, guarantees quality Davis-Bacon Act applies only to direct ficial kidney machines cost from $2,000 to care for the p~tient. Since the Lord made no Federal construction, Congress has seen $6,000, this cost variance, except in rare two of us alike in His infinite wisdom and fit to extend its application to federally cases cannot be medically justified. since we are dealing with people and not assisted construction on at least 80 oc­ Prescriptions for nearly all patients now cards falling out of a computer, there are too casions. In the past 4 years alone, we being trained for home dialysis designate many human factors to be considered which have extended its coverage on at least high priced dialyzers and artificial kidney may well be beyond the competence of a. machines. It is our belief that the criteria many degreed RN, or a social worker or even 17 occasions, invariably without com­ for selection of dialyzers and supplies for a highly competent nephrologist. Neither do ment or debate. the home dialysis patients should be estab­ I think that the success of a transplant unit I would like to insert at this point in lished with the idea of keeping the patient can be judged by the number of such opera­ the RECORD a listing of legislation passed usefully, safely and comfortably alive. tions performed. by Congress over the years which spe­ Since we happen to be firmly committeCi One hundred percent coverage for home cifically incorporates the provisions of to home dialysis as a preferred modality, patients is not an answer, at least as far the Davis-Bacon Act. In each of these second only to a successful kidney trans­ as our program is concerned. Using 100 as a plant, we feel that the criteria for all kid­ instances, we have imposed additional factor, 96.5% of our patients were fully cov­ construction costs of at least 5 to 15 ney patients should be examined, not only ered one way or another in 1975-76. What from the medical aspect, but with due con­ then can we do? First for starters, remove percent-estimated by the General Ac­ sideration of the social and economic factors the financial disincentive which now favor$ counting Office-upon the States, local a~ well. doctors in hsopitals and dialysis centers so communities, or private institutions We also happen to believe that the average that home dialysis physicians are equally which have received the Federal assist­ kidney patient has presently no infiuence at rewarded for their continued care of home ance. In each of these instances, we have all in opting for a transplant, hospital dialy­ patients and increasingly rewarded for the also insured that the ultimate program sis, center dialysis, self care dialysis or home number of home patients they train. beneficiaries will have received fewer dialysis. Where nephrologists are firm be­ Secondly, devise new rewards for the home services or less extensive facilities than lievers that transplants should be the first patients themselves. One way would be to they would have in the absence of the choice, that procedure will be adopted. Where establish a maximum per year fee the gov­ nephrologists have empty stations in a dialy­ ernment would allow for home dialysis with Davis-Bacon Act. A study by the Whar­ sis center, that treatment wm be promoted. the indigent being allowed to keep any sav­ ton School of Business estimated in 1975 Where nephrologists are committed to home ings they realize. If environment is a limiting that the cumulative costs of Davis-Bacon care or, to a lesser degree, self care, that factor, relocate such patients in government were in the neighborhood of $20 bil­ wm be the accepted modality. We have only housing affording them the highest priority. lion. to instance the Northwest Kidney Center In Get jobs for them if they are able to work. I would ask my fellow Members of Seattle, Prec;byterian University In Pitts­ For those in higher income brackets, offer Congress to consider whether or not we burgh, MacMillan Hospital in Charleston some tax incentives. For those making over can continue to exact this kind of fee W. Va., St. Barnabas and Holy Name in Ne~ $50,000 per year as showing in their tax Jersey, Henry Ford in Detroit and Dr Eli reports, eliminate their coverage entirely. I on public construction projects so that Friendman's program In New York, a~ in­ purposely chose $50,000 so that Congressmen highly paid building trades laborers can stances of units where many home dialysis would still be covered. be subsidized at the expense of intended patients are being trained. Thirdly, study home dialysis patients who program beneficiaries. This, it should not Florida and California which used to have have been provided with dialysis aides for be forgotten, is the basic result of Davis­ a great number of patients at home have many years before Medicare coverage. Study Bacon. dwindled to practically nothing. Home 'dialy- self care in Seattle Washington. Dr. John The listing follows: April 26, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12325

STATUTES RELATED TO DAVIS-BACON ACT RE­ 28. Public Works and Economic Develop­ 91-258, 41 U.S.C. 1722(b)) (this Act provides QUIRING PAYMENT OF WAGES AT RATES PRE­ ll_lent Act of 1965 (sec. 712, 79 Stat. 575; 42 for wage determination by the Secretary of DETERMINED BY THE SECRETABY OF LABOR U .S .C . 3222, Public Law 89-136). Labor but does not subject t~e Act to Reorga­ 1. The Davis-Bacon Act (sees. 1-7, 46 Stat. 29. National Foundation on the Acts and nization Plan No. 14). 1494, as amended; Public Law 74-403, 40 Humanities Act of 1965 (sec. 5(k), 79 Stat. 56. Elementary and Secondary Education u.s.c. 276a-276a-7) . 846; 20 u .s .c . 954(k) Public Law 89-209) Amendments (84 Stat. 121, sec. 423, Public 2. The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 30. Federal Water Pollution Control Act a~ Law 91-230, 20 U.S.C. 1231 et seq.). (sec. 108(b), 70 Stat. 378, recodified at 72 amended b y sec. 4(g) of the Water Quality 57. Housing Act of 1959 (73 Stat. 681, Pub­ Stat. 8~5 ; 23 U.S.C. 113(a), as amended). Act of 1965, (79 Stat. 910; 33 U.S.C. 466e(g), lic Law 86-372, 12 U.S.C. 1701q(c) (3), Public see part1cularly the amendments in the Fed­ Public Law 89-234). Law 86-372). eral-Aid Highway Act of 1968 (Public Law 31. Heart Disease, Cancer and Stroke 58. Housing Act of 1950 (64 Stat. 78, 12 90-495, 62 Stat. 815) . Amendments of 1965 (sec. 904, as added by U.S.C. 1749a(f). 3. National Hou sing Act (sec. 212 added to sec. 2, 79 Stat. 928; 42 U.S.C. 299d(b) (4) 59. Area Redevelopment Act of 1961 (75 c. 847, 48 Stat. 1246 by sec. 14, 53 Stat. 807; Public Law 89-239). ' Sta.t. 61, Public Law 87-27, 42 u.s.c. 2518). 12 U.S.C. 1715c) and repeatedly amended. 32. National Capital Transportation Act of 60. Mental Retardation Facilities and Com­ 4. Federal Airport Act (sec. 15, 60 Stat. 1965 (sec. 3(b) (4), 79 Stat. 644; 40 U.S.C. munity Mental Health Centers Construction 178; 49 u .s.c. 1114(b) ) . 682(b) (4), Public Law 89-173) Note: Re­ Act Amendments of 1965 (79 Stat. 429, Pub­ :pealed December 9, 1969 and labor st andards 5. Housing Act of 1949 (sec. 109, 63 Stat. He Law 89-105, 20 U.S.C. 618(g)). mcorporated in sec. 1-1431 of the District of 419, as amended; 42 U.S.C. 1459). 61. Veterans Nursing Home Care Act of 6. School Survey and Construction Act of Columbia Code. 33. Vocational Rehab111tation Act (sec. 12 1964 (78 Stat. 502, Public Law 88-450, 38 1950 (sec. 101, 72 Stat. 551, 20 U.S.C. 636(b) U.S.C. 5035 (a) (8)). ( 1) (E), Public Law 85-620). (b), added by sec. 3, 79 Stat. 1284· 29 usc 41a(b)(4), Public Law 89-333). ' · · · 62. Education Amendments of 1972 (86 7. Defense Housing and Community Fa­ Stat. 331, Public Law 92-318) cilities and Services Act of 1951 (sec. 310, 65 34. Medical Library Assistance Act of 1965 (sec. 2, adding sec. 393 of the Public Health 63. Juvenile Delinquency Prevention and Stat. 307, 42 U.S.C. 1592i). Control Act of 1968, amendment (86 Stat. 8. U.S. Housing Act of 1937 (sec. 16, 50 Stat. Service Act, 79 Stat. 1060; 42 U.S.C. 280b-3 (b) (3). Public Law 89-291). 532, Public Law 92-381). 896, as amended; 42 U.S.C. 1416). 64. State and Local Fiscal Assistance Act 9. Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950 (sec. 35. Solid Waste Disposal Act (sec. 207, 79 Stat. 1000; 42 U.S.C. 4256, Public Law 89- of 1972, Public Law 92-512, October 20, 1972, 3(c), 72 Stat. 533, 50 U.S.C. App. 2281, Public 272). 86 Stat. 919. Law 85-606). 65. Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (Public Law 10. Healtl: Professions Educational Assist­ 36. National Technical Institute for the Deaf Act (sec. 5(b) (5), 70 Stat. 126; 20 u.s.c. 93-112, 87 Stat. 355). ance Act of 1963 (sec. 2(a), 77 Stat. 164; 42 684(b) (5). Public Law 89-36) 66. Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973 U.S.C. 292d(c) (4) and 42 U.S.C. 293a(c) (5) 1 37. Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan (Public Law 93-113, 87 Stat. 394). Public Law 88-129). Development Act of 1966 (sees. 110 311 503 67. Comprehensive Employment and Train­ 11. Mental Retardation Facilit ies Con­ 1003, 80 Stat. 1259, 1270, 1277, 1284;' 42 u.s.c: ing Act of 1973 (Public Law 93-203, 87 Stat. struction Act (sees. 101, 122, 135; 77 Stat. 282, 3310; 12 U.S.C. 1715c; 42 U.S.C. 1416 Public 839). 284, 288; 42 U.S.C. 295(a) (2) (D), 2662(5), Law 89-745). ' 68. Health Services Research, Health Statis­ 2675(a) (5). Public Law 88-164). 38. Model Secondary School for the Deaf tics, and Medical Libraries Act of 1974 12. Community Mental Health Centers Act Act (sec. 4, 80 Stat. 1028, Public Law 89-695) (Public Law 93-353, 88 Stat. 362). (sec. 205, 77 Stat. 292; 42 U.S.C. 2685(a) (5), 39. Delaware River Basin Compact (sec. 69. Safe Drinking Water Act (Public Law Public Law 88-164). 15.1 75 Stat. 714, Public Law 87-328) (con~ 93-523, 88 Stat. 1660). 13. Higher Educational Facillties Act of sidered a statute for purposes of the plan) 70. Indian Self-Determination & Education 1963 (sec. 403, 77 Stat. 379; 20 U.S.C. 753, 40. Alaska Purchase Centennial (sec. 2(b) Assistance Act (Public Law 93-638, 88 Stat. Public Law 88-204). 80 Stat. 8, Public Law 89- 375). ' 2206). 14. Vocational Educational Act of 1963 (sec. 41. Highway Speed Ground Transportation 71. National Health Planning and Re­ 7, 77 Stat. 408; 20 U.S.C. 35f, Public Law Study (sec. 6(b) • 79 Stat. 895, 49 U.S.C. 1636 sources Act (Public Law 93-641, 88 Stat. 88-210). (b). Public Law 89-220). 2225). 15. Library Services and Construction Act 42. Allled Health Professions Personnel 72. Headstart, Economic Opportunity, and (sec. 7(a), 78 Stat. 13; 20 U.S.C. 355c(a) (4), Training Act of 1966 (80 Stat. 1222· 42 usc Community Partnership Act of 1974 (Public Public Law 88-269). 295h(b) (2) (E), Public Law 89-751,) · · · Law 93-644, 88 Stat. 2291). 16. Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 43. Air Quality Act of 1967 (sec. 307 added 73. Special Health Revenue Sharing Act of (sec. 10, 78 Stat. 307; 49 U.S.C. 1609 Public 1975 (Public Law 94-63, 89 Stat. 304). Law 88-365). ' by sec. 2, 81 Stat. 506; 42 u.s.c. 1957j-3 Public Law 90-148). ' 74. Developmentally Disabled Assistance 11. Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 (sec. 44. Elementary and Secondary Education and Blll of Rights Act (Public Law 94-103, 89 607, 78 Stat. 532; 42 u.s.c. 2947 Public Law Stat. 486). 88-452). • Amendments of 1967 (81 Stat. 819· 20 usc 880b-6, Public Law 90-247). ' · · · 75. Public Works Employment Act of 1976 18. Hospital Survey and Construction Act, (Public Law 94-69, 90 Stat. 999) as amended by the Hospital and Medical Fa­ 45. Vocational Rehabilitation Amendments of 1967 (81 Stat. 252, 29 U.S.C. 42a(c) (3) 76. Energy Conservation and Production ci1ities Amendments of 1964 (Se;!. 605(a) (5) Act (Public Law 94-163, 89 Stat. 871). 78 Stat. 453; 42 U.S.C. 291e(a) (5), Publi~ Public Law 90-391). ' 46. National Visitors Center Facilities Act 77. Indian Health Care Improvement Act LaW 88-443). (Public Law 94-437, 90 Stat. 1400). 19. Housing Act of 1964 (adds sec. 516(f) to of 1968 (sec. 110, 82 Stat. 45; 40 U.S.C. 808 Public Law 90-264). ' 78. Arts, Humanities, and Cultural Affairs Housing Act of 1949 by sec. 503, 78 Stat. 797; Act (Public Law 94-462, 90 Stat. 1971). 47. Juvenile Delinquency Prevention and 42 U.S.C. 1486(f) , Public Law 88-560). 79. Health Professions Educational Assist­ Control Act of 1968 (sec. 133, 82 Stat. 469; 20. Commercial Fisheries Research and De­ ance Act (Public Law 94-484, 90 Stat. 2243). 42 U .S.C. 3843, Public Law 90-445). velopment Act of 1964 (sec. 7, 78 Stat. 199; 16 80. Urban Mass Transportation Act (Public 48. New Communities Act of 1968 (sec. 410 U.S.C. 779e(b), Public Law 88-309). Law 88-365, 78 Stat. 302). of Public Law 90-448, 82 Stat. 516· 42 usc 21. Nurse Training Act of 1964 (sec. 2. 78 3909). • ... 81. Disaster Relief Act of 1969 (Public Law Stat. 909; 42 U.S.C. 296a(b) (5) Public Law 89-769, 80 Stat. 1316). 88-581). • 49. Alcoholic and Narcotic Addict Rehabil­ 22. Appalachian Regional Develooment Act itation Amendments of 1968 (sec. 243(d) of 1965 (sec. 402, 79 Stat. 21; 40 U .S.C. App. added by sec. 301, 82 Stat. 1008; 42 u.s.c. 402, Public Law 90-103). 2688h(d), Public Law 88-164). 23. Act to provide Financial Assistance for 50. Vocational Education Amendments of THE NORTHEAST SHOULD HAVE EF­ Local Educational Agencies in areas affected 1968 (sec. 106 added by sec. 101 (b). 82 stat FICIENT PIGGYBACK SERVICE by Federal activities (64 Stat. 1100. as amend­ 1069, 20 U.S.C. 1246, Public Law 90-576) · ed by sec. 2, 79 Stat. 33; 20 U.S.C. 2411 Public 51. Postal Reorganization Act (39 Usc Law 89-10). ' 410(b) (4) (c), Public Law 91-375). · · · HON. EDWARD I. KOCH 24. Elementary and Secondary Education 52. Developmental Disabilities Services and OF NEW YORK Act of 1965 (sec. 308, 79 Stat. 44; 20 U .S.C. Facilities Construction Amendments of 1970 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 848, Public Law 89-10). (84 Stat. 1316, 42 U .S.C. 2675, sec. 135(a) (5) 25. Cooperative ResParch Act of 1966 (sec. 4 Public Law 91-517). ' Tuesday, April 26, 1977 (c). added by sec. 403, Public Law 89-750 53. Rail Passenger Service Act of 1970 (84 Mr. KOCH. Mr. Speaker, amidst all 79 Stat. 46; U.S.C. 332afc)). ' Stat. 1327, 45 U.S.C. 565, sec. 405(d). Public the sound and fury surrounding the cur­ Law 91-518). 26. Housing Act of 1961 (sec. 707, added by rent efforts to salvage the railroads in sec. 907. 79 Stat. 496; 42 U .S.C. 1500c-3 Pub- 54. Housing and Urban Development Act of lic Law 89-117). ' 1970 ( 84 Stat. 1770, sec. 707 (a) and (b), Pub­ the Northeast and to establish high­ 27. Housing and Urban Development Act of He Law 91-609, 42 U.S.C. 1500c-3). speed passenger service along the North­ 1965 (sec. 707, 79 Stat. 492; 42 U.S.C. 3107 55. Airnort and Airway Development Act east corridor, one important matter Public Law 89-117). ' of 1970 (84 Stat. 219, sec. 22 (b), Public Law which promises to be cf great economic 12326 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 26, 1977 benefit to the region is receiving little parture time. The goal would be a system explicitly mentions the encouragement of attention-namely "intermodal" or "pig­ offering 8-hour shipment time from Bos­ rail intermodal service; a copy of this Polley is enclosed under separate cover. gyback" service in which a truck trailer ton to Washington, thereby achieving a The Federal Railroad Administration's pro­ is transported over long distances by competitive edge over the use of trucks posal to test a demonstr~tion fleet of low­ railroad and then delivered locally at the for the entire haul. profile intermodal railcars represents an ex­ end of the line by truck. Because intermodal trains are light­ tremely promising development: such rail­ At present, virtually no freight to or weight and can operate at high speeds, cars could both improve the potential for from the Southern States moves in this they could be routed up the existing rail intermodal service nationwide by sharp­ manner north of Washington, D.C., be­ Northeast corridor, interspersed with ly upgrading the quality of equipment avail­ cause of low clearances in tunnels and passenger trains or during off hours, able, and in addition would confer particu­ without damaging the roadbed or slowing lar benefits on the entire Northeastern region, under highway bridges crossing above the where limitations in the railroad physical tracks. Trailers on conventional fiat cars Amtrak service. plant-due to rail tunnels which carry major stand higher than box cars and cannot As mentioned earlier, however, low rail routes under river estu~ries-prohibit get through these tunnels or under these clearances along the corridor, specifically the operation of conventional intermodal bridges. Rather than break the trip in in Washington, Baltimore, New York, (piggyback) equipment. half at Washington, most shippers send and southern Connecticut, presently The encouragement of technological im­ their goods the entire distance by truck obstruct trailer-on-fiat-car-TOFC­ provements, such as the proposed low-pro­ OJ.1. our already congested highwavs. Sim­ trains. Several localities are engaged in file intermodal railcar represents, is an es­ studying ways to overcome the obstruc­ pecially appropriate role for the Federal ilarly, all intennodal traffic destined Government when the project involved for New York and New England from tions under their jurisdictions, but what promises to yield benefits far exceeding the Chicago and the Midwest has to be un­ is needed is a comprehensive study of costs. The potential benefits for energy con­ loaded in northern New Jersey and the entire Northeast to identify physical servation, and for the environment, are trucked across the Hudson by high way obstacles to intermodal service and the major. In addition, consumers would benefit bridges to New York City, Long Island, most practical way to overcom~ them. I economically through low-cost rail delivery and up into New England. The resulting believe it to be in the best interests of to cities and towns in the Northeast which traffic congestion, noise, air pollution, the Northeast for the Federal Railroad cannot now be reached by rail intermodal and wear on the roads are well known to Administration to conduct, in coordina­ service. tion with interested localities, just such An amendment to the Conference Report all who live in the area. The energy accompanying H.R. 8365 presently precludes waste in this situation is obvious. It is a study. Federal participation in such ra1lcar devel­ estimated that 3.4 times as much fuel is One promising proposal that has been opment and testing. We urge that this burned up transporting a shipment by offered as a low-cost solution to the amendment be stricken, and that the Fed­ truck than piggback. clearance restrictions is to design and eral Railroad Administration be given the Another crucial factor to be consid­ construct a lightwei~ht, low-proflle rail­ fiexib1Uty to fund part or all of the develop­ ered, given the adverse economic posi­ road car which could carry a trailer low ment and capital costs involved in manu­ tion of much of the Northeast, is the enough to p~ss under the lowest clear­ facturing a demonstration fleet of low­ ances in the Northeast. I have appended profile intermodal cars. Furthermore, we additional costs inherent in the ineffi­ urge that this project, which can make a a letter from the chairm ~ n of the Sierra cient means of transportation available. significant contribution to national goals of According to a study by the New York Club's National Transportation Commit­ energy conservation and independence from City Department of City Planning, it tee describing in detail the benefits of petroleum energy sources, be given a high costs $414 to transport a trailer 970 miles such a car, which go beyond solving priority: the implementation of a National by train from Chicago to the city's clearance problems to include energy Intermodal Rail Network should be acceler­ freight terminals in northern New Jer­ savings and stability. ated. sey and then it costs an $110 more-in­ At least one manufacturer claims to The benefits of improved rail intermodal cluding tolls-to pull the trailer an ad­ have designed a car that could negotiate equipment would be both national and re­ the most severe clearances, namely those gional: ditional 20 miles to Brooklyn. Meanwhile, Nationally, the improved energy-efficiency it costs only $50 to pull it to Arlington, in the North River tunnels of New York of lighter-weight, aerodynamically improved N.J., near the terminals. This extra cost City. The study I propose would deter­ rail intermodal cars would make a direct is a significant factor discouraging busi­ mine the accuracy of that claim and contribution to energy conservation, and nesses from locating in the Northeast would decide whether this approach or would contribute to the economic condition and encouraging those presently in the another, such as the construction of a of the railroads through lower fuel costs; in region to relocate elsewhere. new railroad bridge or tunnel or some addition, improved competitiveness of rail The need to improve intermodal serv­ kind of railroad ferry service, would be service employing this equipment would en­ ice to the Northeast is particularly the most practictrade union power, As one would expect, the individual years ful, however, whether the sacrifices that are have altered the fundamental relationships show considerable variations. In eight of the made in support of incomes policy would be of economic processes to each other. To con­ nine years the Excess Money Supply gave a. made if it were not believed to be a defence vince them that monetary policy works it is prediction which was in the same broad area. against inflation. If it does not affect in­ necessary to show that these relationships, as the resulting rate of inflation. The odd flation, its other benefits have to be weighed year out was 1971 which seemd to reflect the carefully against the serious distortions it w'hich Professor Friedman traced in the his­ rising Excess Money Supply of 1970 rather tory of the United States, have persisted in causes. recent years, even in the economy of Britain than the very low Excess Money Supply of The evidence also suggests that a high 1969. Nevertheless lt should be emphasized 1s which has suffered such serious inflation­ Excess Money Supply bad rather than good that the timing is not consistent (1! only be­ for employment. A leading article recently ary experience. cause of changes in the velocity of circula­ discussed the reasons for supposing that in­ The most important e.nd consistent rela­ tion). The method is more reliable in pro­ flation naturally produces higher levels of tior ship is that between money supply and viding a forecast over a period of years than unemployment than would result from price prices. The natural comparison to make is for a single year. stabillty. During this period the Excess therefore between increase in money supply If these figures stood on their own they Money Supply tended to rise and unemploy­ and rises ln the retail price index. could hardly be dismissed as coincidence. In ment tended to rise with it. Sharp reductions There are technical difficulties about both fact they merely confirm, thought to a. strik­ in money supply can also increase unemploy­ aspect ~ of the comparison. The most suitable ing degree, a great deal of work on money definition of money supply is M3, which in­ ment, and a stable but low rate of increase supply in a wide variety of other countries. would seem to be best both for employment clude<: money and what might be termed The most recent report of the Bank for In­ near-money, but there ls room for argument and for prices. ternational Settlements has a special section If one makes international comparisons about the degree to which M3 is a perfect def­ which deals with the question. It can be inition of money supply. Equally there is one can see what monetary policy can do summed up in the statement that "the past and what it cannot do. The countries with a room for argument about the quallty of the decade has provided further strong prima retail price index as an indicator of price low rate of Excess Money Supply have been facie evidence of the close long term relation­ the United States and Germany. They have movements. Nevertheless, one would expect ship between monetary expansion and price to see a broad agreement between movements both enjoyed a much lower rate of domestic levels, on a worldwide as well as on a na­ inflation than the world average. Countries in M3 and movements in the retail price in­ tional level." The value of the British figures dex. with a middle increase have included France is that they give a. local and recent proof of and Japan; their inflation rates have not Dr. Friedman established that there was a a. historical and worldwide phenomenon. time lag, normally of about two ye1rs, be­ To use a simple analogy, the money sup­ been good but have been better than the tween changes in the money supply and con­ ply. or more precisely the Excess Money Sup­ high Excess Money Supply countries, such as sequential changes in prices. To take account ply, is like water flowing from a tap attached Italy and the United Kingdom. There does not appear to be any correla­ of this time lag one should compare changes to a hos~pipe which is about two years in in the money supply with changes in the re­ length. Once you have turned the tap on tion between growth rates as such and the tail price index occurring approximately two nothing will stop the water coming out at the money supply; countries with low and high years later. In addition one ought to hke other end of the hoseplpe in the form of growth rates appear at both ends of the account of increases ln the real gross do­ price increases. Therefore the essential mat­ money supply scale. Standards of living are mestic product. In theory the money supply ter is to see that the tap 1s not turned on. however higher in countries with low Excess needs to rise at the same rate as the increase To reduce the Excess Money Supply to a low Money Supply, partly because their curren­ in the real gross domestic product to main­ level, and keep it at a low level, becomes the cies have a good external value and their tain stable prices, and an increase in the central objective of economic policy, central terms of trade are therefore relatively favour­ money supply less than the incre"~se in the because no other economic policy objectives able. If one takes the six major industrial gross domestic product would cause prices to can be secured if that is not. trading nations, the order of the rate of In­ fall. These figures have changed further my own crease of the Excess Money Supply is the Tile sum is however quite a simple one. attitude to incomes pollcy. If the Excess United States lowest, Germany, France, You take the annual rate of growth of the Money Supply determines the rate of infla­ Japan, the United Kingdom and Italy high­ money supply; you deduct from it the annual tion equally closely in years subject to in­ est. Those are the rankings for the period rate of growth of the domestic product. The comes poltcy and in years without, there 1969-1973. They are also the rankings for residue o! that sum is the Excess Money Sup­ seems to be no evidence left that incomes the standard of living of the nations con~ ply, that is the increase in the money supply pollcy has any significant Jnfiuence on infla- cerned.

BRITAIN'S EXCESS MONEY SUPPLY AND RISING PRICES

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975

Increase in money suppiY------·-·---·-----­ 7. 7 3. 7 9. 9 7. 7 3.1 9.6 13.0 25.8 27.6 12. 6 7.6 Increase in domest ic producL------·-·---­ 3.0 1. 8 2.1 3. 7 1.8 1.8 1. 6 2.4 5.4 .2 -1.7 Excess money supplY------·-·------4. 7 1.9 7.8 4.0 1. 3 7.8 11.4 23.4 22.2 12.4 9.3 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 Increase in prices. ______. ______2. 5 4. 7 5. 4 6. 4 9. 4 7.1 9.2 16.1 24.2 ------Variation of price increases from Excess Money Supply __ ••.•.• __ .•.. ____ .. ______.. ______-2.2 -2.8 -2.4 +2. 4 +8.1 -. 7 -2.2 -7.3 +2. 0 ------Variation as a running average . •...... -2.2 +.3 -.6 +.15 +1.7 +1.3 +.8 -.2 +.05 ------·------Average Excess Money Supply..••.•...... 196>.-73 Average price rises ... ____ .... ·------. . ____ _ 1967-75 ::: ======:: Note: All figures are in annual percentage terms. Gross Domestic Product is average estimate at 1970 factor cost. Money supply is M3. Prices are taken from the index of retail prices. Ap'ril 26, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12331 Professor Friedman's recommendation is ity of the 131 signatories are from the Conklin, George T., Jr., President, Guar­ that money supply should be Increased at a New York City area, I would suggest to dia.n Life Insurance Co., New York, N.Y. steady rate slightly above the expected In­ them that they could do a great deal Conway, E. Virgil, Chairman & President, crease in the domestic product. The conclu­ The Seamen's Bank for Savings, New 'York, sions to be drawn from these figures certainly more for their area's economic climate N.Y. support such a policy. There Is no evidence by urging some budgetary restraint upon Conzen, W. H., President, Schering-Plough in these figures that increases in money their local officials than by trying to Corp., Kenilworth, N.J. supply above the level recommended by export the city's woes throughout the Craft, Wardell C., President, Wright Mu­ Professor Friedman had anything but a Nation. tual Insurance Co.• Detroit, Mich. damaging effect, even if at the time it seemed The businessmen signing the letter Crawford, Morris D., Jr., Chairman, The hard to avoid them. also argue that federalization is neces­ Bowery Savings Bank, New York. There are various ways in which the money Crown, Lester, President, Material Service supply coUld be stabllized. It could be done sary to alleviate the complexity of regu­ Corp., Chicago, ID. through Mr. Peter Jay's suggestion of a cur­ lations that now burden the welfare svs­ Diebold, John, Chairman, The Diebold rency commission. It was historically done by tem. In view of the history of Federal Group, Inc., New York, N.Y. the device of the gold standard. An increas­ rulemaking, I woulc' further suggest Durst, Seymour B., President, The Durst Ing number of nations are doing it by setting that federalization is about as likely to Organization, Inc., New York, N.Y. money supply targets. Those targets can simplifv welfare regulations as Federal Dyson, Charles H., Chairman, The Dyson­ either be explicit operational targets for the debt ceilings are to limit deficit spend­ Kissner Corp .. New York, N.Y. increase in money supply, or for the increase ing. I would like to insert the commit­ Eisner, Richard A., Man!lglng Partner, in the reserve assets of the banks, or both. Richard A. Elsner & Co., New York, N.Y. A money supply target reducing the growth tee's letter, along with a list of signers. Ekblom, Harry E., Chairman & CEO, Euro­ of the Excess Money Supply to 2 percent by I await, with great anticipation, the next pean-American Banking Corp., New York, 1979 would be an immediate recommenda­ occasion on which one of these men com­ N.Y. tion; but it should be followed by a national plains about what Washington is doing Ell1nghaus, Wllliam M., Vice Chairman, agreement that money supply should be held to his business or industry. American Telephone & Telegraph, New York, to that rate of growth permanently, or as BUSINESSMEN'S COMMITTEE FOR THE FEDERAL­ N.Y. permanently as people prefer stable jobs and IZATION OF WELFARE English, James F., Jr., Chairman, CBT, prices to inflation and unemployment. Whereas poverty is a national problem that Hartford, Conn. One of the advantages of such a permanent burdens different parts of the country to dif­ Farkas, Robin L., Vice President, Alexan­ target or limit is that it would have, if ferent degrees, and der's, Inc., New York, N.Y. trusted, a favourable effect on long term Whereas this burden of poverty is prevent­ Faulkner, E. J., President, Woodmen Ac­ interest rates, therefore on investment, and Ing the older urban portions of the country cident & Life Co., Lincoln, Nebr. through investment on employment and from fulfill1ng their !unction in the nation's Feldman, Jacob, Chairman, Commercial growth. Short term interest rates are largely economy and retaining their attractiveness Metals Co., Dallas, Tex. determined by the immediate balance of de­ to business and individuals; Filer, John H., Chairman, Aetna Life & mand and supply for money; a reduction in Whereas the present welfare system dis­ Casualty, Hartford, Conn. the rate of expansion of money supply can courages people from working or from keep­ Frank, Zollle S., President, Z. Frank, Inc., tnerefore raise short term rates, particularly Ing their familles together, and Chicago, Dl. if there Is an excessive Budget deficit, as Whereas regulations are so complex and Gelb, Arthur, President, The Analytic Sci­ there now is. cumbersome that the system is inefficient, ences Corp. (TASC), Reading, Mass. The demand for long term fixed interest unfair to many recipients and extremely Gelb, Harold S., Managing Partner, S. D. securities is more dependent on long term difftcult to keep free of ineUgibles, Leidesdorf & Co., New York, N.Y. expectations about the inflation rate. If it Therefore, we the undersigned Business­ Gerken, Walter B., Chairman, Pacific were guaranteed that Excess Money Supply men's Committee for the Federalization of Mutual Life Insurance Co., Newport Beach, would not rise by more than 2 percent in Welfare, hereby petition the Congress and Calif. any of the 10 years from 1979, the yield on the President to reform the system of wel­ Gross, Arthur, President, The Clam Box, undated British Government stocks should fare payments and finance it entirely by fed­ Inc., Cos Cob, Conn. fall sharply, and funding operations· and eral taxes. Halas, George s., Chairman, Chicago Bears industrial finance would be greatly assisted. The signatures were collected over an Football Club, Chicago, ru. A low, definite, long term and announced eight-month period. Hall, Floyd D., Chairman, Eastern Air monetary pollcy would therefore offer Britain Lines, Inc., New York, N.Y. great advantages. The question of money SIGNERS Hawley, Philip M., President, Carter Haw­ supply and inflation is a simple central deci­ Barnes, Wallace, President, Barnes Group, ley Hale Stores, Inc., Los Angeles, Calif. sion which has been wrongly made but can Inc., Bristol, Conn. Hazen, W. Richard, Executive Vice Presi­ be made rightly in the future. That leaves Barnhlll, Howard E., President & CEO, dent, First Jersey National Bank, Jersey City, the questions of industrial relations, of man­ North American Life & Casualty, Minneapo­ N.J. agement incentives, of Industrial investment, lis. Minn. Heineman, Ben. W., President, Northwest of productivity and profitab111ty, and of Bates, Edward B., President, Connecticut Industries, Inc., Chicago, ID. growth; we can only start to solve them Mutual Life Insurance Co., Hartford, Conn. Heiskell, Andrew, Chairman, Time, Inc., when we have stopped the wasteful and un­ Beach, Morrison H., Chairman & CEO, The New York, N.Y. necessary process of generating our own Travelers Corporation. Hartford, Conn. Helmsley, Harry B., President, Helmsley­ inflation. Beretta, David, Chairman & President, Spear, Inc., New York, N.Y. Uniroyal, Inc., New York, N.Y. Herrmann, Mark J ., President, Mark Buick Berllnger. George F., George Berlinger In­ Corp., Yonkers, N.Y. vestments, New York, N.Y. Holman, M. Carl, President, National Ur­ FEDERALIZATION OF WELFARE Block, Joseph L.. Honorary Director, In­ ban Coalition, Washington, D.C. land Steel Co.. Chicago, Dl. Jesser, Edward A., Jr., Chairman, United Brenn~n. Joseph c .. Chairman, Emigrant Jersey Bank, Hackensack, N.J. Savings Bank. New York, N.Y. Kelvin, Zel, President, United National HON. TOM HAGEDORN Brennan, William R., Jr.. PrMident, Har­ Corp., New York, N.Y. OF MINNESOTA lem Savings Bank, New York, N.Y. K1llefer, Tom, President & CEO, United IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Brittain, Alfred, In, Chairman, Bankers States Trust, New York, N.Y. Trust Co., New York, N.Y. Klutznick, Philip M., Partner, Klutznick Tuesday. April 26. 1977 Bron!man, Edgar M., Chairman, Joseph E. Investments, Chicago, Dl. Mr. HAGEDORN. Mr. Speaker, a new Seagram & Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y. Kolin, Oscar, Chairman, Helena Rubin­ group calling itself the Businessmen's Brophy, Theodore F., Chairman & CEO, stein, Inc., New York, N.Y. General Telephone & Electronics Corp., Koven, Irving, President, Ambassador Con­ Committee for the Federalization of Stamford, Conn. struction Co., Inc., New York, N.Y. Welfare has urged Congress to provide Butler, Marshall D., President, AVX Corp., Lachman, Lawrence, Chairman, Blooming­ complete Federal financing of welfare Great Neck, N.Y. dale's, New York, N.Y. benefits. We are told that this is required Byrom, Fletcher L., Chairman, Koppers Lefkowitz, Nat, Co-Chairman, W1111am by virtue of the fact that the "burden Company, Inc., Pittsburgh, Penn. Morris Agency, Inc., New York, N.Y. of poverty is preventing the older urban Carroll, Thomas S., President, Lever Broth­ LeFRAK, Samuel J., Chairman. LeFrak portions of the countrv from fulfilling ers Company, New York, N.Y. Organization, Inc., Forest Hills, N.Y. Clark, Howard L., Chairman, American Ex­ Light, Charles F., President, Buffalo Area their functions in the Nation's economv press Company, New York, N.Y. Chamber of Commerce, Buffalo, N.Y. and retaining their attractiveness to Cohen, Alan N., President & CEO, Madison Llewellyn, J. Bruce, President, FEDCO Food business and individuals." and that Square Garden Corp., New York. N.Y. Corp., Bronx, N.Y. "povertv is a national problem." Cohen, Jerome M., President, Williams Real Loeb, John L., Senior Partner, Loeb, Noting that the overwhelming major­ Estate Co., Inc., New York, N.Y. Rhoades & Co., New York, N.Y. cxxm--776-Part 10 12332 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 26, 1977 Luce, Charles F., Chairman, Consolidated Schmidt, Benno c., Managing Partner, J. of Federal control now contained in H.R. Edison Co. of New York, Inc., New York, H. Whitney & Co., New York, N.Y. 2, leaving it with the States until we get N.Y. Schulmfl.n, S. J., President, The Westches­ through the rough period of this crisis, Luntey, Eugene H., president & CEO, The ter County Association, Inc., White Plains, would ease the impact of this bill on our Brooklyn Union Gas Co., Brooklyn, N.Y. N.Y. Mahoney, David J., Chairman & President, Schulman, Samuel, President, First North­ severe energy problem. The amendment Norton Simon, Inc., New York, N.Y. west Industries of America, Inc., Los Angeles, follows: Mansfield, C. F., Group Exec. Vice Presi­ Calif. Section 528, on page 331, line 6, add a new dent, Marine Midland Bank, New York, N.Y. Seder, Arthur R., Jr., Chairman & Presi­ subsection ( 3) as follows: Margolis, David I., President, Colt Indus­ dent, American Natural Resources Co., De­ " ( 3) the extraction of coal for commercial tries, Inc., New York, N.Y. troit, Mich. purposes where the surface mining operation Marshall, Alton G ., President, Rockefeller Segal, Martin E., Chairman, Wertheim is conducted on any steep slope as defined in Center, Inc., New York, N.Y. Asset Manar]ement Services Incorporated, Section 515(e) until six years after enact­ Martin, C. Virgil, Chairman, Finance Com­ New York, N.Y. ment of this Act." mittee, Carson Pirie Scott & Co., Chicago, Ill. Shinn, Richard R., President & CEO, Met­ Matthaei, Frederick C., Jr., Chairman, Arco ropolitan Life, New York, N.Y. Industries Corp., Birmingham, Mich. Siciliano, Rocco C., Chairman & CEO, The May, William F., Chairman, American Can TI Corp., Los Angeles, Calif. CORN SWEETENER Co., Greenwich, Conn. Silverstein, Larry A., Partner, Silverstein & Merck, Albert W ., Director, Merck & Co., Mendik Co., New York, N.Y. Inc., Rahway, N.J. Smiley, Donald B .. Chairman, R. H. Macy HON. EDWARD R. MADIGAN Mitchell, Joseph N., President, Beneficial & Co., Inc., New York, N.Y. OF ILLINOIS Standard Corp., Los Angeles, Calif. Spoor, T. Richard, Vice Chairman, United Morrow, George L., President, The Peoples States Trust, New York, N.Y. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES G as Light & Coke Oo .. Chicago, Ill. Staff, Geo·rge L., President, United Mer­ Tuesday, April 26, 1977 Murphy, Austin S., Chairman & President, chg,nts & Manufacturers, Inc., New York, East River Savings Bank, New .York, N.Y. N.Y. Mr. MADIGAN. Mr. Speaker, some McAllister, James P., Chairman, McAllister Stanton, Thomas J ., Jr., Chairman, First confusion exists as to what a corn sweet­ Brothers, Inc., New York, N.Y. Jersey National Bank, Jersey City, N.J. ener is-what it can be used for-and McGrath, John P., Chairman, The East Stecker, Robert B., Vice President & Gen­ what the relationship is between the New York Savings Bank, Brooklyn, N.Y. eral Manager, AT&T Long Lines, New York, McSwiney, J. W., Chairman & CEO, The corn sweetener and the sugar industry. N.Y. Mr. Donald Nordlund, a resident of my Meact Corp .. Dayton. Ohio. Steinberg, Saul P., Chairman and Presi­ Nathan, Robert R., President, Robert R. dent, Reliance Group, Inc., New York, N.Y. district, has devoted a great deal of his Nathan Assoicates. Inc., Washington, D.C. Terry, Benjamin P., President, Society for time and energy to the development of Neal, Alfred C., Consultant, OED, New Savings, Hartford, Conn. corn sweetener. For the benefit of Mem­ York, N.Y. Tillinghast, Charles C., Jr., Vice Chair­ bers who would like to better understand Newell, Robert L., Chairman & President, man, White, Weld & Co. In:::orporated, New the corn sweetener industry both in re­ Hartford National Bank and Trust Co., Hart­ York, N.Y. gard to its history and its current status ford, Conn. Tisch, Preston Robert, President, Loews in the marketplace, I am submitting re­ O'Brasky, David, Publisher, Esquire Maga­ Corporation, New York, N.Y. marks by Mr. Nordlund which I feel will zine, New York, N.Y. Tlshman, Robert V., President, Tishman O'Leary, James J., Vice Chairman, United Realty & Construction Co., Inc., New York, contribute substantially to a better un­ States Trust Co. of New York, New York, N.Y. derstanding. Mr. Nordlund is chairman N.Y. Turner, H. S., Chairman, Turner Construc­ and president of A. E. Staley Manufac­ Patterson, Ellmore C., Chairman, Morgan tion Co., New York, N.Y. turing Co., Decatur, Til. Guaranty Trust Co. of New York, New York, Urstadt, Charles J., Chairman, Battery Mr. Nordlund's remarks follow: N.Y. Park City Authority, New York, N.Y. CATALYST IN THE SWEETENER WORLD Peck, Clair L., Chairman, C. L. Peck Con­ Van Fossan, R. V., President & CEO, Mu­ (By Donald E. Nordlund) tractor, Los Angeles, Calif. tual Benefit Llfe Insurance Co. Newark, N.J. Pepper, RichardS., Chairman, Pepper Con­ Vogel, John H., President & CEO, National Corn sweetener producers and the sugar struction Co., Chicago, Ill. Bank of North America, New York, N.Y. industry have much in common, but I be­ Platten, Donald C., Chairman, Chemical Wallis, Gordon T., Chairman, Irving Trust lieve we view each other differently today Bank, New York, N.Y. Co., New York, N.Y. than we did in the past. Sugar, of course, is Powers, Robert A., Chairman & CEO, Smith Weller, Ralph, Chairman, Otis Elevator st111 the dominant nutritive sweetener, but Barney, Harris Upham, New York, N.Y. Co., New York, N.Y. corn syrups can no longer be relegated to Pratt, E. T., Jr., Chairman, Pfizer, Inc., their former role. They have come of age Wilde, Frazer B., Retired Chairman, Con­ primarily because of one important develop­ New York, N.Y. necticut General Life Insurance Co., Hart­ Rapaport, Robert M., President & CEO, ford, Conn. ment-high fructose corn syrup. SuCrest Corp., New York, N.Y. This afternoon I would like to focus my Willis, Robert H., Chairman and President, comments on this significant product-to Rees, William M., Chairman, The Chubb Connecticut Natural Gas Corp., Hartford, Corp., New York, N.Y. Conn. examine its remarkable growth record, pres­ ent status, and promising outlook. In so do­ Richards, Bernard, President, Alpha Port­ Winkelman, Stanley J ., Chairman, Winkel­ ing, perhaps we may see more clearly the land Industries, Inc., Maspeth, N.Y. man Stores, Inc., Detroit, Mich. direction of the sweetener industry in the Richards, Roger C., President, Metropoli­ Zeiler, Robert G., Chairman, F. Eberstadt years ahead. tan Savings Association, Farmington Hills, & Co., Inc., New York, N.Y. Although the adjective "new" is still often Mich. applied to it, high fructose syrup has been Roberts, Melvin J., Retired Chairman, available in commercial quantities for nearly Colorado National Bank, Denver, Colo. 10 years. Rockefeller, David, Chairman, The Chase STRIP MINE BILL AMENDMENTS Two companies generally are considered Manhattan Bank, N.A., New York, N.Y. the pioneers in high fructose syrup but, in Rohatyn, Felix G., General Partner, Lazard a sense the entire corn wet milling indus­ Freres & Co., New York, N.Y. HON. WILLIAM C. WAMPLER try can 'share the credit. The product's intro­ Rooney, Francis C., Jr., President, Melville OF VIRGINIA duction in 1967 marked the fruition of an Corp., Harrison, N.Y. industry goal. It reflected a long-standing Rose, Daniel, Partner, Rose Associates, New IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES willingness by corn wet millers to commit York, N.Y. Tuesday. April 26, 1977 capital for sweetener research and develop­ Rosin, Axel G., Chairman, Book-of-the­ ment. From its very beginning, the wet mill­ Month Club, Inc., New York, N.Y. Mr. WAMPLER. Mr. Speaker, it is my ing industry has been sensitive to the needs Ross, Steven J., Chairman, Warner Com­ intention to offer the following amend­ of its consumers. Perhaps this was out of munications, Inc., New York, N.Y. ment to H.R. 2, the so-called strip mine necessity inasmuch as we were trying to Rothschild, Charles J., Jr., President, bill, when it comes to the floor. In view match and surpass the standard of sweeten­ Campus Sweater & Sportswear Co., New York, of President Carter's tough energy pro­ ers-namely, sugar. It is this consumer orien­ N.Y. posals calling for more coal production, tation which continues to direct the indus­ Rugger, Gerald K ., President, Home Life try today. Insurance Co., New York, N.Y. and the loss in coal production in my High fructose corn syrup, in a sense, epito­ Salomon, William R., Managing Partner, State and throughout the Appalachian mizes a corn sweetener evolution that has Salomon Brothers, New York, N.Y. region and elsewhere that will result if been in progress for 50 years. It is an evolu­ Schiff, John M., Partner, Kuhn, Loeb & the strip mine bill is enacted, it is my tion that has carried corn syrups from a very Co., of New York, N.Y. view that delaying the effective date minor percent of the domestic sweetener Aptil 26, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12333 market in the 1920's to over 25 percent to­ industry capacity increased to about 2 bil­ made by second generation high fructose day. lion wet pounds, demand far outstripped it, syrups. Every decade since the 20's has been high­ a fact which attracted a number of com­ Regarding governmental action, it would lighted by progress in corn sweetener tech­ pan ies to the high fructose business. be inappropriate for me to discuss the pros nology-dextrose, enzyme converted syrups, Whlle 1974-75 was a positive period for and cons of recent sugar policy pronounce­ maltodextrins, to name a few. With each the producers of high fructose syrup, it also ments since, at this point, it is unclear ex­ product and process advance, corn sweeten­ was one of difficulty. actly what w111 develop. There is one obser­ ers extended their market share. But, even It was positive in the sense of speeding vation I will make; namely, that usage of with this success, the full potential for corn the acceptance of HFCS and establishing its high fructose syrups will continue to grow sweeteners was not being realized as sweet­ position as a full-fledged alternate to liquid regardless of sugar policy changes, short of ness differences remained the major chal­ sugar. It was a difficult time in that high placing it under new sugar legislation as has lenge to the wet milling industry. fructose syrup had to be placed on alloca­ been suggested by some. The situation significantly changed in the tion and the task of trying to meet customer late 1960's with the development of com­ requirements became impossible. High fruc­ CORN RESEARCH BENEFITS CONSUMERS mercial processes for the isomerization of tose syrup usage was not only maximized, On this rna tter I would note that we in the dextrose into fructose, a monosaccharide con­ it sometimes was overused-reminding corn refining industry see no logical reason siderably sweeter than sucrose. By 1972 two everyone that it, too, was a sweetener with for such inclusion. We have not asked for companies with a combined capacity of about some limitations. governmental assistance nor do we wish any. 800 m1llion commercial pounds comprised There is no need to detail what bas hap­ Further, we believe that any such inclusion the entire industry capab111ty in high fruc­ pened to sweeteners since that 1974-75 peak, of corn sweeteners would eliminate an im­ tose syrup. Much has transpired in the five but its significance tor HFCS Is worth ex­ portant segment of our free enterprise sys­ years since 1972. amining. In many ways, what bas happened tem and deprive the American consumer of HIGH FRUCTOSE ACCEPTANCE recently is more meaningful than the ex­ the benefits of progress resulting from re­ perience of prior years. search conducted by our industry. Because of extraordinary circumstances, In addition to the price of sugar, second the formative years of high fructose syrup Reflecting the high sugar prices of 1974-75, corn sweetener consumption reached 31 generation products wm be an important in­ were compressed into an abnormally short fluence in the growth of high fructose syrups. time frame. The results have been both posi­ pounds per capita in 1975, with high fructose tive and negative. accounting for nearly 7 pounds. Corn sweet­ Several producers have introduced such products with most emphasis centered upon Despite what one reads in the press today, eners then accounted for 25 percent of total nutritive sweetener consumption. Last year, 55 or 60 percent fructose products and, to a sweetener users did not and do not rush to lesser extent, a 90 percent product. The pres­ accept high fructose syrup. It did not sell with considerably lower sugar prices, corn sweeteners advanced even further-to 33 ent industry standard, as you know, is 42 itself in the early 70's any more than it sells percent. itself today. High fructose syrup was an un­ pounds per capita or 26 percent of overall known, and food and beverage processors do sweetener usage. High fructose syrup ac­ While high fructose syrup is used exten­ not readily change formulas to accommo­ counted for all the increase, climbing to 9Y2 sively in soft drinks-it has not been ap­ date an unproven ingredient. pounds per person. proved for use in either of the major cola Reflecting the highly competitive nature The point is clear. Avallablllty of lower brands. Considering the importance of these of the sweetener market, high fructose syrup priced sugar did not cause an exodus from two brands, we hope our new 55 percent in 1972 was priced at a discount to sugar. It HFCS by sweetener users. The markets for product will hold the key to success. I would was hoped that this discount would mus­ high fructose syrup have continued to de­ quickly add that we are optiinistic. trate the basic economic advantage of high velop at a steady rate. The expanded variety Since the announcement of the proposed fructose syrup and permanently open the of corn sweeteners, including HFCS, now saccharin ban, increased attention has been door for this new sweetener. available from the industry and the success given to the 90 percent fructose product. It This cost differential did attract attention· they have achieved is a good example of the is about one-and-one-half times a<> sweet as however, it did not sell high fructose syrup'. fruits of industrial research. sugar and therefore does permit the formu­ First, the product had to be proven to the en­ The continuing growth in high fructose lation of lower calorie foods and beverages tire food and beverage world. syrup usage is coming from several quarters: with a nutritive sweetener. To accomplish this, high fructose pro­ customers who are increasing their use as Predicting the future is always risky. It is ducers relied upon the same technical serv­ they gain more confidence in it, and first­ especially risky where weather, international time users who bad to be convinced that relations, and government policies are in­ ice approach that had been used success­ volved. fully with other corn sweeteners. Customers' the sweetener's cost advantage would remain products were reformulated using high even in tt-e face of lower sugar prices. However, I do want to leave you with The economics of high fructose syrup have some food for thought on the longer term fructose syrup as a total or partial replace­ outlook. ment in an effort to demonstrate cost sav­ been graphically illustrated in recent months. ings while maintaining quality standards. An Important factor in the continued profit­ First, there can be no doubt that-de­ This time-honored technique was especially ab1llty of HFCS in the face of sharply re­ spite significant inroads by corn syrups­ important in areas where corn sweeteners duced prices has been the industrv's con­ sugar will remain the standard of the had never been utilized to any substantial tinued progress in processing efficiencies, es­ sweetener industry for years to come. On degree, such as in the soft drink industry. pecially as it relates to enzyme utilization. the other band, we can expect the sweetener By late 1973, the efforts began to pay off. However, even thou~b high fructose sales industry to be in a state of transition as High fructose syrup recognition and accept­ continue to expand and we have been able the result of technical developments, not ance were growing and sales were increasing. to earn a profit on our invec;tment, the in­ just from corn wet mlllers, but !rom sugar I might add that manufacturers of high dustry is not without problems. The primary refiners as well. There are indications that fructose were learning more about their one today has been caused by the rapid ex­ research emphasis is growing in the sugar processes and, as a result, eliminated some pansion of productive capacity. industry-a significant and positive trend! initial product shortcomings. We also were As I mentioned a moment ago, the 1974-75 Hopefully, one of the more immediate re­ discovering the high quality standards, effec­ high fructose syrup market attracted several sults will be development of low-calorie nu­ tive distribution systems, and blending fa­ companies into the business. They since have tritive sweeteners, whether from corn, cane, cilities of sugar refiners. In short, we quickly entered the market or are currently doing beet, or other sources. Longer range, another came to realize that the sugar industry had so. This year and early next, the industry goal will be an economic process tor crystal­ done a:t;t outstanding customer service job, will add some 3 billion pounds of capacitv­ line fructose, a development that would one WhlCh we had to match in order to sell essentially doubling last year's output.AS'a place a corn sweetener in the consumer's our new syrup. rec;ult, 10 or 12 years of normal expansion are sugar bowl for the first time. The capability Initially high fructose was sold as a sugar being compressed into a two-year period. to produce such a product exists now at the replacement in existing products, but as The market will develop to consume this laboratory level, and it is conceivable that ~ugar prices began to move upward in 1973, sizable addition, but not as rapidly as the granular fructose will become commercially 1t began to be included in new products as new capacity is coming on-stream. available in the early 1980's. food and beverage companies became in­ Corn wet miJling is a capital intense busi­ In the coming decade, we also will see more creasingly concerned with rising sugar costs ness, and considering the time required to corn sweetener producers and sugar refiners and consumer resistance to higher retail build a plant, additional high fructose en­ redefining their positions. The present trend prices. Major credit must be given to food tries are unlikely for the next few years. toward becoming "full line" sweetener and beverage processors as the effectiveness High fructose syrup supply and demand, suppliers-both corn syrups and sugar­ of their research programs permitted quick therefore, could reach equilibrium in a year will continue. evaluation and incorporation of high fruc­ or two. Among the factors which will dictate Advancing technology also may lead the tose into many of these new products. the extent and timing of such supply and sugar industry and corn processors into en­ The period of 1974 and 1975 will be long demand balance will be the price of sugar, tirely new and promising areas. There is evi­ remembered by everyone associated in any which apparently will be determined by gov­ dence of this in the growing science of sucro­ manner with the sweetener world. As sugar ernmental action more than by normal mar• chemicals and in continued modified corn prices rose to record levels, demand for high ket forces. starch developments. Because of these new fructose syrup grew in proportion. Though A second factor will be degree of progress potentials-corn, beets, and cane can be- 12334 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 26, 1977 come increasingly valuable to this nation as Daily now in Chicago, a blind World War nounced according to a preset program, then renewable natural resources. In a nation II veteran uses his laser cane-it weighs only produces speech sounds, enunciating words looking down the road to the depletion of one pound-to go from the end of the city into sentences with stresses and pauses in its petroleum reserves and other such re­ where he lives to the end where he works a metalllc but understandable voice at a sources, the implications could be beyond as an X-ray darkroom technician. He has to rate of about 150 words a minute. At the our present understanding. take the elevated train and two buses. "For push of a button, the user can repeat or In summary, the sweetener world has the first time," says his wife, "I feel at peace skip passages, or mark a point on the page undergone dramatic change and it can ex­ when he leaves home." he wants to come back to later. pect to undergo more of the same. High fruc­ NOW MASS-PRODUCED Half a dozen of the machines have been tose corn syrups will continue to serve as The result of 25 years of Veterans Adminis­ built for practictll testing-with promising the catalyst. Every segment of the sweetener tration-sponsored development by Bionic In­ results-in the Perkins School for the Blind, business must .face the reality of change, struments, a Bala Cynwyd, Pa., bioengineer­ west Virginia Rehab111tation Center, Boston view it as an opportunity, and prepare to ing firm, the l·aser cane now is being pro­ school system and elsewhere. At this stage, participate fully in it. duced in quantity. Its cost is $1950. Thirty the cost of a machine is $50,000. But, with to 40 hours of training in its use over a further development and volume production, period of two weeks are needed. The Mobility it's expected to sell for about $5000 within Foundation of North Wales, Pa., has been a few years and eventually to be as portable RESEARCH PROGRAMS TO AID THE formed with the primary objective of pro­ as a briefcase. HANDICAPPED viding laser canes for those who need, want TALKING CALCULATOR and are not financially able to purchase In 1976, a hand-held, battery-powered cal­ them. culator that talks was chosen as one of the HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE The cane is one of a series of developments most significant new products of the year that promise to improve the lives and op­ by Industrial Research magazine. OF TEXAS portunities of many of the blind and the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Called Speech Plus and developed by Tete­ near-blind. sensory Systems, makers of the Optacon, the Tuesday, April 26, 1977 READING MACHINES $395 machine, weighing 17 ounces and meas­ It's called the Optacon-for optical-to­ uring 1%" x 4%" x 7'', can add, subtract, Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, your Com­ tactile conversion. In one hand, a user holds multiply, divide, subtotal, do square root and mHtee on Science and Technology re­ a miniature camera about the size of a small percentage calculations. Its numeric keys cently conducted a study, via a panel of pocketknife to read printed material and are arranged like a push-button phone be­ expert consultants, on research programs convert it into impulses. And with the index cause the blind are more famlliar with this to aid the handicapped. This study finger of his other hand, the user can feel configuration. And the device lets the oper­ pointed out a number of significant find­ the letters and numbers via a 1" x Y:z" tac­ ator hear every key he presses in a clear ings, too many to enumerate and elabo­ tlle array of 144 miniature vibrating rods machine voice so he knows he is making no contained in a portable, battery-operated mistakes as he goes along. rate on here. e:ectronics section about the size and weight One of the findings, however, was the of a portable cassette tape recorder. For ex­ ELECTRONIC EYES need to inform the public, particularly ample, as the camera moves across an "E," Two systeins now under development could the professional communities serving the the user feels a vertical line and three hori­ hold even greater promise for the sightless. disabled and the disabled individuals zontal lines moving beneath the finger. At the Smith-Kettlewell Institute of Vis­ themselves, about the results of our na­ Selling for $2895, the Optacon was de­ ual Sciences, Pacific Medical Center, San veloped with federal aid by a team headed by Francisco, Dr. Paul Bach-y-Rita and a re­ tional research and development efforts. Dr. James D. Bliss of Telesensory Systeins, search team are working with a Tactile Vi­ Many great innovations have never Inc., Palo Alto, Cal., which now produces sion Substitution System (TVSS). reached the marketplace and the in­ it, and Dr. John G. Linvlll of Stanford uni­ TVSS uses a tiny, battery-powered TV tended handicapped users, because of the versity, whose own blind daughter has also camera worn in the frame of a pair of lack of communication regarding these been involved in the project since 1964. glasses which picks up images, serving much developments. As of now, more than 3200 of the machines like the normal lens of the eye. The camera Fortunately, the intended user popula­ have been produced. With the abillty to read transmits visual images to an elastic gar­ tion of handicapped individuals is small print directly, their users can independently ment that fits over the abdomen and has carry out many everyday tasks--reading their sewn into it more than 1000 tiny electrodes. compared to the general consumer pop­ letters, bank statements and bills, following As images from the camera, translated into' ulation; however, this creates a problem cookbook recipes, and enjoying books and electrical impulses, activate the electrodes, in that the usual marketing techniques magazines. the wearer feels vibrations on his skin in become cost prohibitive when added to And many users have been helped to ad­ the pattern of the original images; so the the often high costs of production for a vance in jobs and enter vocations previously skin, in effect, serves somewhat in the same rather limited number of sophisticated. closed to them. Various accessories increase way as the retina of the eye. high-technology devices. the Optacon's occupational usefulness. For OBJECTS RECOGNIZED example, accessory lenses allow a blind com­ For this reason, I am happy to bring puter programmer to read displays on a com­ Wearers of the experimental system have to the attention of my colleagues an ar­ puter video terminal and a blind secretary quickly learned to recognize drinking ticle which appeared April 17, 1977, in to read what she is typing, make correc­ glasses, telephones and other common ob­ the Washington Post, Parade magazine, tions, and fill out preprinted forms. jects and to wend their way through tables, chairs and other obstructions in a room. A entitled "New Devices to Help the Blind SOON IT WILL TALK and Near-Blind!' I congratull=l.te the blind psychologist at the institute can move The Optacon in its present form is hardly around obstacles at the rate of two feet a Washington Post for publishing this ar­ the last word. Its top reading speed now is second, far faster than with a cane. ticle, thereby bringing these advance­ 80 to 90 words a minute. But well within the The institute team also developed a similar ments of benefit to the visually impaired next five years, it's expected, new accessory statlonary system in which the camera is to public attention: and I commend this equipment wm let the machine speak out attached to a microscope and, instead of article to my colleagues : in words and phrases, making reading speeds wearing an electrode pack, the user presses NEW DEVICES TO HELP THE BLIND of up to 200 words a minute possible. And, his abdomen against a bench-mounted elec­ in fact, the text-to-speech technology is trode array. Using the system, one man is AND NEAR-BLIND well along in development by Dr. Jonathan (By Lawrence Galton) able to assemble small components at an Allen at the Massachusetts Institute of Tech­ electronics plant as quickly and accurately In a Philadelphia suburb, a blind man nology. as sighted workers. today gets around as he never could before-­ Meanwhile, a machine that reads aloud The stationary system may become avail­ with the aid of a laser cane that probes the to the blind has been developed by a bril­ able for wide use within a year or two; the environment for him. ResembJing an ordi­ liant, 28-year-old inventor, Raymond Kurz­ portable system, still being refined, may be­ nary cane, the device, with its three built-in weil, president of Kurzwell Computer Prod­ come available a few years after that. lasers, sends out thin beams of light that not ucts in Cambridge, Mass. It consists of a In an entirely different approach, Dr. Wil­ only tell him when there's an obstacle direct­ reading unit that resembles a tabletop copy­ Ham Dobelle and a research team at the ly ahead-they warn him with auditory and ing device and a small keyboard. University of Utah's Institute for Biomedical tacile signals when he's approaching a drop­ When a user places a printed page face Engineering are working toward a system of! such as a curb or down stairway and also down on the unit's glass top, a camera scans which only a few years ago would have when he is nearing a low-han~ing tree it line by line, converting light into elec­ seemed inconceivable: one that would stimu­ branch, awning or sign. When the cane is tronic signals much like a photocopier. A late visual centers in the brain to let the silent, he knows there is an open path he miniature computer groups letters into blind see. can safely travel. words, determines how they should be pro- In experiments with a 33-year-old volun- April 26, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12335 teer, blind from a gunshot accident, they SENSELESS SLAP read the department's conspicuous depar­ have implanted a plastic strip with an array ture from the normal course: a routine ap­ of electrodes against the visual cortex at the proval of the tear gas shipments. And the rear of the brain, with wires emerging HON. PAUL FINDLEY department seems equally blind to the fact through the skin above and behind an ear. OF ILLINOIS that it is also sending a lot of other coun­ As electrical signals reach the electrodes, tries the wrong message--one that says that they're seen as spots of light, or phosphenes. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES when otherwise unoffending friends get in In one experiment-with electrodes con­ Tuesday, April 26, 1977 trouble, the Carter administration quickly nected to a TV camera which sent Images to gives them the back of its hand. The tear a computer to be simplified and then trans­ Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, I would gas shipments should be promptly resumed. mitted as electrical impulses-the volunteer like to call to the attention of my col­ could see horizon tal and vertical lines in the leagues the excellent Washington Post pattern of phosphenes. In another experi­ editorial of April22, "A Senseless Slap at ment, with the system hooked up to transmit Pakistan." ORGANIZED LABOR AND CAMPAIGN Braille images, he could read words in phosphene form five times faster than with This editorial questions the recent FINANCING his fingertips. State Department decision to rescind an Dobelle and his colleagues foresee a minia­ earlier decision in favor of a tear gas ture system that the blind could wear and shipment to Pakistan. This decision, HON. PHILIP M. CRANE use constantly. It would consist of a small whatever its motives, is an affront to a OF ILLINOIS camera implanted in an eye socket. The nation that has been a longtime friend IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES camera would transmit llgh t electronically to and ally of the United States. It also Tuesday, April 26, 1977 a tiny computer built into an eyeglass frame represents an unfortunate prejudgment which would, in turn, translate the light into Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, in the wak~ · electrical impulses to be sent to the im­ of the involvement of Prime Minister Bhutto in election fraud when evidence of the 1976 Presidential election, the planted electrodes in the visual cortex. With first in which candidates campaign ex­ such a system, a wearer could perceive peo­ of wrongdoing is not available. Prime Minister Bhutto's many previous penses were paid by the taxpayers, in­ ple and objects as well as read. creasing attention is being given to the HELP FOR THE NEARLY BLIND achievements in the interests of his na­ tion should not be so easily discounted: possibility of providing pubic financing In addition to the totally blind, half a for congressonal races. The major argu­ million Americans are legally blind, with A SENSELESS SLAP AT PAKISTAN 20/200 visual acuity or with normal acuity By what sort of self-indulgent pseudo­ ment being raised by proponents in favor but field of vision sharply restricted to 20 idealism cLid the State Department decide to of such a step is that expanding the scope degrees or less. rescind its own decision of March 15 to let of the public financing law would fur­ Effective new devices to help them are com­ tear gas be sold to Pakistan? "Conditions ther reduce the infiuence of the special ing out of laboratories-in particular, from have changed substantially in the four weeks interest groups. the nonprofit National Institute for Rehabili­ since the license was issued," the depart­ Even if this assumption were accurate, tation Engineering (NIRE) in Pompton Lakes, ment says, by which it mea:1s that protests its importance would have to be weighed N.J. There, a team of ophthalmologists, op­ against Prime Minister Bhutto, whom the alongside the fact that public financing tometrists and engineers develops means for opposition accuses of having rigged the individual patients to make best use of thelr elections of March 7, roll on. It is apparently not only gives incumbents an unfair ad­ remaining sight. the department's view that further deliveries vantage while restricting individual free­ CORRECTS TUNNEL VISION of tear gas could be interpreted as endorse­ dom of expression but it requires people Not long ago, a 42-year-old man was re­ ment of the Bhutto government at a mo­ to financally support candidates with ferred to NIRE because an eye disease, reti­ ment when its end may be near. whom they are in disagreement. How­ nitis pigmentosa, had left him with tunnel This is absurd. Pakistan has been a good ever, the plain fact of the matter is that vision so severe that he retained only two de­ friend and longtime treaty ally of the United such an assumption is blatantly incor­ grees of the normal visual field, causing him States for decades. Mr. Bhutto, who took rect as the events of 1976 and 1977 clearly to bump into objects and restricting his ac­ over after East Pakistan was torn away In show. tivities. The institute's staff designed and 1970, has since been credited with genuine Most political experts agree that built for him "field expander glasses" mount­ achievements in settling his country down, ed on a conventional eyeglass frame. By look­ pushing development forward and, yes, en­ President Carter would have fallen short ing alternately through the regular lens and hancing human rightc;. He does not take in his effort to become President had it the field expander, he can now see a full 180 orderE: from Washington, and he has made not been for the tremendous effort of or­ degrees. The field expander glasses now offer his mistake~ at home, but he is unauestlon­ ganized labor. Unquestionably, that ef­ full-field vision, too, for people blind in one ably one of the best Third World leaders cur­ fort was the key in States like Ohio and eye or with half-vision in each eye as the rentlY' going. It i<~ his government that Wisconsin which gave President Carter result of brain injury or stroke. Washington bas stopped providing with a normal and, under the clrcumc:tances, hu­ his narrow victory. What's more, it is At NIRE, special wide-angle magnifying quite clear from subsequent events that telescopic spectacles in bifocal form are made mane means of coping with street disorder~;; for people with impaired central vision or one alternative, of course, is bullets. The AFL-CIO boss George Meany thinks or­ poor visual sharpness, enabling them to see political tnc:ult iF; plain. ganized labor was responsible for the clearly at a distance and drive a car again. Aha, say the pure of heart, he rlgved the Carter victory and expects to be re­ Strong reading spectacles with long work­ elections. Did he? Has the State Department warded. Not only have the labor bosses ing distances are made to help people who so established? On March 15, after all, one presented the biggest package of labor have been able to read only by holding print week after the elections, the department was legislation in recent memory, but even to the face. With the spectacles, they can read prepared to ship the tear gas. Whatever Mr. Bhutto did, was it more heinous than what the slightest rebuff brings howls of pro­ at a comfortable distance of 10 to 14 inches. test indicating just how deeply they feel Miniaturized electronic devices that can went on in, say, Cook County in 1960? It be held in the hand or worn on the head strikes us as both arrogant and pusillani­ the President is indebted to them. The are helping people unable to see adequately mous of the department to have decided only question seems to be, how long can in dim light. that Mr. Bhutto's electoral performance, he withstand the pressure, if indeed he is Among the remarkable achievements of whatever it was, negated the many other ties withstanding it now. NIRE are cross-vision glasses for people blind between the United States and Pakistan and If one has any doubt about the extent in one eye. Through technical legerdemain, required the Carter administration to deal of President Carter's indebtedness, one the glasses provide full-field, high-acuity him, at a moment of his extreme duress, a would do well to read an excellent vision by detecting images on the blind side small but savage vote of no-confidence. We are not unmindful of the new admin­ column, written by John Lofton, which and conveying them to the brain through Ar­ the normal optic pathways on the sighted istration's effort to take a fre<~h loolt at arms appeared in the April 3 issue of the side without causing double vision or con­ transfers. Some foreign governments are kansas Democrat. In it, Mr. Lofton passes fusion. One of those wearing the glasses is bound to get caught in the gears of Amer­ along some highly relevant information Israel's Gen. Moshe Dayan, who never ex­ ica'l policy change. We offer no endorsement about the extent of labor's financial com­ pected to regain the ab111ty to see on his of blind acceptance of past arms-tran~'posing would According to "National Journal" estimates, use of homes for ciay care services bill. not be necessary. Big Labor reported spending $26 on behalf I am a cosponsor of this legislation, be­ But compulsory membership, despite of Carter for every dollar anybody spent on cause I believe that in tightening the the existence of first amendment guar­ behalf of President Ford for "internal com­ deduction for use of the home for busi­ antees of freedom of association, is a fact munications," and this figure counts only ness purposes, an unintentional hardship of life; and given the advantages--to the those "communications" required to be re­ was worked on family day care centers unions--of combining its financial fea­ ported by law. in my district and throughout the coun­ tures with the existing campaign financ­ Malbin notes that the help Carter received try. These centers attempt to provide a from Big Labor in just this form alone ex­ warm home environment for child care ing law, my bill is necessary. If there was ceeded the sum that Nixon got in 1972 from any doubt about that my colleagues any single source, with the sole exception and receive no other Federal assistance. might take a look at Mr. Lofton's column of a $2.1 million contribution from Clement Family day care providers, however, and, to that end, I insert it in the REcORD Stone, a Chicago insurance executive. But, would be thwarted in this goal without at this time: since Nixon outspent Carter almost three­ H.R. 3340. Otherwise, to preserve their LABOR AND PuBLIC FINANCING to-one, Big Labor's "internal communica­ deductions, providers would be required tions" spending for Carter was more impor­ to isolate that portion of the home used WASHINGTON.-How many times have you tant proportionately than Stone's money for day care and keep their own family heard it said, by those who favored it, was to Nixon. that financing last year's presidential elec­ out of that portion of home during non­ tions With our federal tax monies was a great Registration and get-out-the-vote drives business hours. This bill by restoring the idea because now, at long last-praise the bankrolled by Big Labor in behalf of the deduction in this instance would preserve Lord and Hallelujah !-finally, after all these Carter-Mondale ticket, and also unlimited a homelike atmosphere in the day care years, we have a man in the White House by law, were even more important financially and politically than was "internal commu­ center while leaving intact the general who is "free" and in no way indebted to any intent of the business deduction reforms "special interest" groups? nications" spending, says Malbin. While no hard figures are available, AFL- of the 1976 Tax Reform Act. April 26, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12337 THE LIBRARY BUILT BY SHARING "Mrs. Dawes and her husband, Frank, had members were delighted. In September, 1935, moved from Chicago for the sake of their Mrs. Mahnkey became the group's first hon­ chronically ill small son. Frank Dawes' uncle orary member. HON. GENE TAYLOR was Charles G. Dawes, who became Vice Elated members then investigated further OF MISSOURI President of the United States in 1925. There book sales. "The Shepherd of the Hills", was tremendous activity surrounding the Harold Bell Wright's 1907 novel about White IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES family in Chicago in the mid-20's and River hlll folk, was long out of print, but Tuesday, April 26, 1977 Fannie and Frank just had to leave. They visitors frequently looked for copies. moved south of Holllster and raised chickens "When we decided to get Wright's book Mr. TAYLOR. Mr. Speaker, while untll Frank went to work for the REA in back in print," Mrs. Hall recalls, "we had to more and more of our citizens seem to be 1940. get reprint rights and arrange production on looking to the Federal Government to "When tutors started the boy's schooling, a continuing basis. solve more and more of their problems, Fannie had time to spare, and I was happy "The first books arrived in the late 1930's I am proud to state that we still have to turn the class over to her. Right away she and Mrs. Jaenicke and I went all over the those rugged individuals down in the saw that we needed a study group." area, talking stores and tourist places in to Ozark hills who firmly believe in them­ Though the club name didn't refiect its taking them for resale. During my first term responsibilities until 1945, members started as president in 1940 we sold 1,100 copies." selves and in their ability to care for the Ubrary in 1933. Artists, lawyers and The project was so successful that Wright's their own needs without calling on the visitors of note were introducing the young book now stands among the country's all­ Government for assistance. women to a new world, but few books were time bestsellers. In 1976 some 6,000 copies On Sunday afternoon, April 24, it was available to foster their knowledge. were distributed through tourist centers, my privilege to participate in the results "The plan to pool our books in a Ubrary stores and restaurants. of such an endeavor, the dedication of generated much enthusiasm," Mrs. Hall re­ With only one part-time librarian, club the new Taneyhills Community Library calls. "The J. J. Pattons offered us a hall in members have been called on to assist the li­ located in Branson, Mo. . the Branson Hotel, and someone donated brary's operation in many ways. shelves." "In the mid-forties," Mrs. Madry smiles The new $100,000 library building was "We were so excited about it. Members men­ wryly, "after several very wet years, books be­ financed by club funds, donations, and tioned our efforts in letters to friends, and gan moulding on the shelves. The club board financial aid from many groups. In addi­ books came by mail from all over. Some ar­ arranged to move the 5,000 volumes upstairs. tion, volunteer services and materials, rived with postage due, so we started raising All our 70 members worked to clean and cata­ plus a low interest loan were added in. money for expenses. We couldn't buy new logue the books, and businessmen and civic Mr. Speaker, the Taneyhills Com­ books for several years. Later we bought best clubs helped refinish the new rooxns." munity Library was built by the same sellers and rented them to defray the cost." Over the years 32 women have guided the "Dorothy Jaenicke was our first librarian," club as president, coordinating the many spirit that created this Nation. It is an Mrs. Hall remembers. "She served without outstanding example of what people can money-raiSing efforts. New members who pay for several years, but we still had an an­ joined for the cultural an.l social contacts do for themselves and their communi­ nual budget of $105, one hundred for the found, as did the original members, that the ties when they work together to reach library and $5 for the club. We served our Ubrary was a big responsibility. a common goal. own monthly luncheons so the 25c dues could Today, the club has 200 members. Those Kathleen Van Buskirk recently re­ help pay Ubrary bills, and we proVided meals who have worked for so many years to keep viewed the history of the library in an for other groups, bringing the food from our the library operating share the load with article that was published in the Ozark own larders until that got too costly." daughters and with new residents. The first annual report showed 500 volumes Nonetheless, Mrs. Hall served again as pres­ Mountaineer. I would like to submit that crowding the hotel hall. Branson business­ story so that my colleagues might also ident 1n 1964 and was finance chairman in men offered to pay three months' rent on 1975 when the campaign to build the new li­ share in this rewarding endeavor. The larger quarters, and January, 1935, found the brary began. And Mrs. Madry, in addition to article follows: library moVing to what is now Aehle's Jewelry serving on the library board, has spent con­ THE LIBRARY BUILT BY SHARING Store. siderable time in the 1970's comp111ng his­ Both Mrs. Hall and Mrs. Madry remember torical records and helping re-catalogue the (By Kathleen Van Buskirk) well the moving process, which was repeated If Blll Ellen Hall and Josephine Madry are books. several times as the book collection increased. From the early 1940's both women recall wearing triumphant smiles during Library The store front building, shared with a real Week this spring their friends wlll repeated discussions of the need for a perma­ estate omce, quickly became overcrowded, nent building, but funds were never understand. and the $15 monthly rent was hard to sup­ For the past 44 years, supporting the Ta­ available. port once the subsidy ended. In 1975 many problems faced the library. neyhllls Community Library in Branson, Friends at the Civil League cleared two Mo., has been part of the two women's daily small rooxns in their building, and book bor­ Shelves were crammed with 18,000 books. lives. This year's Library Week plans include rowers found their community library in Boxes of still usable volumes, displaced by dedication of a new $100,000 library bullding omces that now house the automobile licens­ new acquisitions, cluttered the aisles. Car­ which they, as hard-working members of the ing bureau. tons of "Shepherd of the Hills" books await­ Taneyhills Library Club, helped to bulld. The librarian's job grew increasingly de­ ing distribution filled one wall. Elderly pa­ Josephine and her late husband, James manding. When 1,514 books were moved next trons complained of the stairs, and there were Madry, moved to Branson from Aurora in door to the ground fioor of the new Com­ indications the library might soon be dis­ 1925. While he operated the Madry Lumber munity Building in January, 1937, reports placed by city omces that already occupied Company and later became president of the showed 4,261 books loaded during the pre­ the ground fioor below. Security Bank, she helped develop and oper­ vious 12 months! The club faced more fund­ The possib111ty of tax support was studied, ate the Anchor Vlllage Resort. raising, for surely the Ubrarian deserved a but Taney County has no towns large enough Blll Ellen left her home near Green Forest, small salary. to vote a library tax, and even if voters ap­ Ark., when she was 12 years old to attend An ardent library supporter introduced a proved a county levy, it would be many years high school at the School of the Oza.rks, and new, continuing source of income. Mary Eliz­ before a building project would be possible. on completion of normal school at Warrens­ abeth Mahnkey had not transportation from So, a little less than two years ago, en­ burg, she returned to Taney County. Three her Oasis home, south of Long Creek, so she couraged by sumcient donations to buy a de­ years ago she retired after 40 years of teach­ couldn't attend monthly lectures, but she sirable lot, and sparked by Jane Arend, Mrs. ing grade school. Her busy life also included loved books and borrowed many from the Madry's energetic niece who was club presi­ helping her late husband, Ted Hall, run a library. dent 1n 1973 and 1974, the club embarked on store in Branson and raising their son, Jerry. For 53 of her 65 years Mrs. Mahnkey had a building campaign. Mrs. Hall was a new bride in 1931 when she written a newspaper column about commu­ Such is the loyalty that the volunteer li­ and Mrs. Madry signed the membership list nity events. In July, 1935, her warm-hearted brary has generated over the years, that at the first meeting of the Taneyh1lls Study news notes and story-filled poems brought enough funds were collected within a year to Group. Members of the "Maids and Matrons" her national acclaim as Crowell Publ1shing erect the building shell. Volunteer services cLass at the Branson Presbyterian Church Company's "best country journalist of the and material, plus a low interest loan, made formed the club in an effort to break the cul­ year." Friends suggested a book of her poems possible the completion of the project in time tural isolation of the area. The two young be published, and the writer decided to help for a December, 1976, opening. Dedication women had no way of knowing they were the library by letting the Taneyh1lls Study ceremonies do not, of course, mark the end making a. llfelon~ commitment. Group handle the sales and reap any profits. of the fund-raising, for the loan must be Mrs. Madry credits the library's beginnings Club records show that three printings of paid and the operating budget is increased to her friend, Fannie Dawes. "I had taken her Ozark Lyrics were ordered and sold out by several thousand dollars. over the Sunday School class, but I didn't before the books arrived. By today's econom­ Mrs. Mahnkey reported years ago that she enjoy teaching." ics the resulting !unds were sxnall, but club had walked many a mile to borrow a book. 12338 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 26, 1977 Josephine Madr;- and B111 Ellen Hall don't turn for any further information about miss­ singer Joan Baez; Roger Baldwin, founder count the effort in miles but their commit­ ing American servicemen. By any estimate, of the American Civil Liberties Union; Paul ment of almost half a century continues, so this is what we have traditionally called O'Dwyer, president of the New York City that books wlll be available for those who "blood money." Council; the Rev. John Neuhaus, a founder love to read. The Hanoi regime states that the U.S. of Clergy and Laymen Concerned about "owes" it this money as "reparations" for Vietnam; poet Allen Ginsberg. The list is the war. While President Carter rejects the a long one. notion that the U.S. owes a "debt" to Hanoi, Vietnam is a slaughterhouse of the naive he seems much too willing to entertain . the worldview of the American left. Even the ALLAN BROWNFELD COMMENTS ON idea of providing this brutal regime with New York Review of Books, a leader of the AID TO HANOI AS IMMORAL financial assistance. He declared that the U.S. pro-Hanoi movement, recognizes its error. It would "respond well" on the question of eco­ recently reprinted an article from the French nomic aid if the assistance was arranged as journal L'Express, by Andre Gelinas, a part of successful negotiations to open nor­ French-Canadian Catholic priest and Chinese HON. JACK F. KEMP mal diplomatic relations. scholar who settled in Vietnam in 1948, and OF NEW YORK President Carter's wlllingness to adopt such was expelled in July 1976, 15 months after IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a concmatory posture toward the totalltarian the North Vietnamese troops arrived in government in Hanoi files in the face of his Saigon. Tuesday, April 26, 1977 own rhetoric concerning human rights. He He observes that "the methods, the doc­ Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, the recent has applied stringent standards to Brazil, trine, and the very weight of the police bu­ visit of the U.S. mission to the Commu­ Uruguay, Argentina, Rhodesia and South reaucratic apparatus" in the South "are en­ nist regime was warmly received as one Africa. Why not apply the same standards to tirely Russian." He reports that "In our an autocratic government which is respon­ Catholic education center we had some 80,000 might expect from a government solicit­ sible for the death of more than 50,000 volumes, a large number of which we had ing a handout from the American tax­ Americans and the torture of thousands of to burn. Lists were compiled of all . . • in· payers. Aid to the Hanoi regime assumes prisoners of war? tellectuals. . , . An epidemic of suicides fol­ a far more important dimension than It is a fact o! life which many Americans lowed. Entire families kllled themselves. . .. merely another foreign aid boondoggle. prefer not to recognize that those who op­ The regime evidently felt it had to take the Not only does the Hanoi regime occupy posed the war in Vietnam, arguing that we population in hand and instlll fear. One day South Vietnam as a consequence of a were supporting "the wrong side," and that I saw a little vendor who did not get out broken international agreement, but it the Vietcong and National Liberation Front of the way quickly enough. A soldier took were virtuous, not really Communists at out his pistol and fired a bullet right next is also one of the worst regimes of an all, have now been proven wrong. Why have to his head." era characterized by odious totalitarian so many Americans who originally supported This is the status of human rights in Viet­ regimes. In assimilating power in 1956, the war effort-Hubert Humphrey, Harold nam. This is the regime which brutally it routinely executed 50,000 of its own Brown, Cyrus Vance, Robert McNamara, tortured American prisoners of war and citizens simply to facilitate the collec­ etc.-seen fit to "admit" their error? Wasn't now refuses to account for those who are tivization of its agricultural system. this simply pandering to the changing winds missing. To even consider financial aid to Upon taking power in South Vietnam, of public opinion which have now proven to such a regime is immoral, and files in the be mistaken? face of any real concern for human rights. they have placed more than 300,000 The fact is that the people we were fight­ South Vietnamese priests, civil servants, ing in Vietnam were exactly what we said teachers, and former officials of the re­ they were. We said that the National Libera­ gime in concentration camps which rival tion Front was simply a tool of the North REPRESENTATIVE BONKER PRO­ the Gulag Archipelago in raw brutality. Vietnamese government, not an independent, POSES MILITARY AID CUTOFF TO A new organization led by the widow nationalist body. Recently the NLF was laid to rest in a ZAffiE of an American military officer killed by quiet ceremony in Ho Chi Minh City (for­ the North Vietnamese, Mrs. Barbara merly Saigon) . Also no longer in existence Keating, known as the National Commit­ are the Vietcong, which have been melded HON. DON BONKER tee Against the Recognition of Commu­ into the regular army, the Provisional Revo­ OF WASHINGTON nist Vietnam has recently been formed lutionary Government, which has been sub­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to remind us that a concern for human sumed into the Hanoi government, the Lao rights should not exclude Vietnam. Nor Dong (Workers party) , which has been co­ Tuesday, April 26, 1977 should we forget the sacrifice made by opted by the Communist party of Vietnam. Mr. BONKER. Mr. Speaker, I will be Martin Woollacott, writing in the distin­ offering an amendment to strike the ad­ the thousands of Americans killed or guished English journal, the Manchester wounded to help preserve human rights Guardian, declares that "It is clear that the ministration's fiscal year 1978 FMS re­ in Southeast Asia. NLF was never a true coalition of Com­ quest for Zaire of $30 million. My amend­ In a recent article published in Human munist and non-Communist forces, nor was ment to omit any fiscal year 1978 FMS Events, Allan C. Brownfeld, the very able it ever an independent Southern entity. The funding for Zaire is based on the cold journalist, has called attention to the NFL has gone the way (i.e., into oblivion) of hard facts of the security situation in situation now apparent--even to former all the other organizations that once loomed Zaire and the advisability of our involve­ devotees of the Communist order in large on the Vietnamese and the world hori­ ment in it. The facts are these; zon." In 1974, DOD sent a military technical North Vietnam. I ask unanimous consent Even the "doves" of the war years now that Mr. Brownfeld's important essay admit that the side they supported was not assistance team under General Rock­ be published in the RECORD at the con­ as virtuous as they naively believed. In De­ well to Zaire at the request of General clusion of my remarks: cember, a petition declaring that the Com­ Mobutu to survey the security needs of Am TO HANOI WOULD BE IMMO'RAL munist regime in Vietnam is a "gross abuser" that country. Congress appropriated $19 of civil liberties-suppressing free speech and million in FMS credits for Zaire for fis­ (By Allen c. Brownfeld) filling prisons with civ111ans accused of noth­ cal year 1976 to fund six C-130 aircraft, The government of Communist Vietnam ing more than po!;session of their reli­ plus support, and some communication gave the recent U.S. mission to Hanoi what gious and ideolo~ical beliefs-was presented and transportation equipment. The last has widely been called a "friendly reception." to the permanent Vietnamese observer at the These words were, in fact, used in a New United Nations. of this money is now being spent, with the York Times headline in its issue of March "The Communists were accused of ~riev­ departure of the last C-130 to Zaire. 24 to describe the Hanoi meeting. ous and systematic violations of human With the end of the Angola war, in The fact is, however, that the mission led rights," including the detention of an esti­ 1976, the Rockwell team returned to by UAW President Leonard Woodcock came mated 300,000 Vietnamese in so-called "re­ Zaire, again at Mobutu's request, to re­ back to the U.S. with little information about education" camps, the suppression of cul­ survey a decidedly shakier security situ­ the several thousand Americans who are tural and political expression and the stifiing ation. After its second visit, the Rockwell still listed as Missing in Action. They were of dissent. provided with 12 bodies, two of which Who were the signers of this petition? team issued a "consultant's" report, ad­ turned out not to be Americans at all. Not conservatives. Not hawish mllltary vising Mobutu how he might upgrade his What was certain at the Hanoi meeting was figures. Not spokesmen for the "Establish­ armed forces to meet his perceived that the Communist regime wants U.S. aid, ment." Instead, the signers included Hanoi's threat. A 15-year upgrading program and it states clearly that it wants it in re- former friends on the American left: folk- was outlined which would result in the April 26, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12339 equivalent of one modem army divi­ be changed after the experience of the like to insert its statement into the sion, fully trained and supported. Shaba crisis. Zaire may need more, or RECORD, along with a newspaper article The first tranche of the suggested up­ less, or something different than that which describes the concern that work­ grade program was a $38 million "im­ envisaged before Zairean troops had ac­ ers in Cleveland have over imports: pact package" to create one highly mo­ tually been tested in battle; TEXTILE TRADE POLICY, A RESOLUTION OF THE bile armored cavalry squadron for use An effective fighting force needs more INFORMAL HOUSE TEXTILE COMMITTEE, in Shaba. This package was to be funded than just modem equipment and train­ APRn. 20, 1977 by FMS appropriations of $10 million ing. It needs morale, esprit, commit­ The GA'I'T Multifiber Arrangement (:MFA) in fiscal year 1976T and $28 million in ment-all of which are said to be in is presently scheduled to expire December fiscal year 1977. The armored cavalry short supply in Zaire because of wide­ 31, 1977. The President has endorsed the spread corruption and maldistribution principle of orderly trade in textiles em­ squadron, ACS, would be carefully bodied ln the MFA. created over 3 to 4 years, starting with of income. It may be that no amount of The Informal House Textile Committee armored cars and preliminary training equipment can create an effective fight­ is a bipartisan organization of Members and ending with the supply of one com­ ing force in Zaire without a basic re­ working for a sound United States textile pany of M-60 tanks and sophisticated structuring of the social and economic trade policy which will preserve the via.­ training. The "impact package" was de­ structure of the country, giving the blllty of the fiber-textile-apparel industry signed in phases, in consideration of soldiers something to fight for. If Mo­ and the 2.3 m.lllion Jobs its provides. Zaire's absorptive capacity. Initial con­ butu is in fact another Ngo Diem Dinh, To that end, we: then our money is wasted. In short, I (1) Support the MFA and its extension tracts for the package were to be signed for a period of at least five years beyond in April 1977 with the actual implemen­ believe we should keep our fingers on 1977, with the present 6% quota growth tation to begin in the fall of 1977. Al­ the tap. Let the impact package start factor reduced to a level no greater than though the $38 million impact package off with the funding already there and domestic market growth; and with revision funded in fiscal year 1976T and fiscal let us, over the next few years, monitor of those provisions which permit carryovers year 1977 represents the only outstand­ closely Mobutu's efforts to effect morale of unused ceillngs to the following year, "bor­ ing USG FMS commitment to Zaire, the imnrovements, as well as military ones rowing" of ceilings from the following year, administration expects future requests in the army. If he makes progress, then and "borrowing" from other categories. perhaos we go ahead to complete the (2) Urge that new bilateral agreements from Zaire over the next decade or so allow no quota growth tn those categories to implement the rest of the original impact package. If he does not, then it of products already heavily impacted by 1m­ 15-year Rockwell program. makes no sense to throw good money ports, defining such impact In terms of total RECENT CRISIS after bad. imports of a particular product from all Beyond the $17 million replenishment countries; that such bilaterals 11m1t year­ The 1977 timetable for contracting and I have just argued against, there is even to-year import growth when substantial implementing the impact package was less justification for the remaining $13 unused quotas would result in excessively scrapped because of the Shaba crisis; million. With the 3 to 4 year impact increased shipments; and that the provi­ $17 million of the $38 million which was package delayed, it makes no sense to sions of the bilaterals be monitored and en­ to have been spent on the package was consider funding for projects to follow forced more effectively. used instead to pay for emergency non­ (3) Request expeditious conclusion of a that package in the 1980's-which in any bilateral agreement with the Peoples Re­ lethal supplies shipped to Zaire since case have yet to be designed. At this time, public of China, the major rema1n1ng un­ March A of this year. The sum of $21 that $13 million constitutes a blank controlled low-wage supplier of textiles and million remains for implementation of check which I strongly urge this body apparel to the United States, and suggest a the impact package-$17 million short of not to sign. If and when the impact U.S. policy of prompt negotiation of such the necessary total. package is successfully implemented, bilaterals with any nation whose tmports FISCAL YEAR 1978 FMS REQUEST and Mobutu is able to genuinely im­ threaten or significantly tmpact the U.S. market. The administration has requested $30 prove morale in the Zaire Army, there ( 4) Urge that textile and apparel tarl1Is million for fiscal year 1978 FMS credits will be plenty of time to fund further be cleanly and completely exempted from for Zaire. Since the impact package had FMS credits for future fiscal years. the present round of multilateral trade already been funded by earlier appro­ negotiations. priations, this $30 million was purely a contingency figure when it was proposed (From the Cleveland (Ohio) Plain Dealer, to OMB last fall, before the current NEED FOR ACTION TO HALT Apr. 14, 1977} crisis. At that time, with the exception TEXTILE INDUSTRY JOB LOSS IMPORT CLOTHES ROB JOBS, RALLY TOLD-­ of funding any cost over-runs in the im­ DUE TO IMPORTS UNION LEADER ATTACKS CHEAP OvERSEAS pact package, there were no definite LABOR projects on which the $30 million was to (By Joseph L. Wagner) HON. MARY ROSE OAKAR Organized labor protested yesterday the be spent. Now, however, because of the increasing imports of foreign clothing and OF OHIO diversion of $17 million of FMS credits said the trend haS cost thousands of Ameri­ originally destined for the impact pack­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cans their Jobs. age, part of the fiscal year 1978 $30 mil­ Tuesday, April 26, 1977 Labor leaders in Cleveland and other cities lion authorization could conceivably be told rallles that publlc pressure must be used to replenish the impact package Ms. OAKAR. Mr. Speaker, I am deeply brought on Congress to impose strict tmport funding. concerned about the loss of jobs in this regulations. I would argue against such replenish­ country due to imports, and of partic­ More than 300 unionists, carrying signs ment at this time. The impact package ular concern to me is the threat posed and singing patriotic songs, marched on by the rising level of textile imports. Public Square. They received assurances was designed as a 3 to 4 year pro­ from representatives of area congressmen gram and the start of its implementa­ Workers in the textile industry in Cleve­ that legislation favoring imports will be op­ tion seems certain to be delayed until land, Ohio, have been hit very hard by posed. 1978 at the earliest. The $21 million re­ these imports. One union official report­ Sam Janis, regional dtrecotr and an inter­ maining in the pipeline from the fiscal ed to me that the clothing division of his national vice president of the International year 1976T and fiscal year 1977 appro­ union has lost 20 percent of its members Ladies' Garment workers Union, called the priations is enough to start the program because of imports. increase in imports shocking. off. There will be plenty of time to com­ Thus I am very interested in the He said the number of sweaters tmported negotiations that will be taking place to last year increased 111.5% over the previous plete the necessary funding for the im­ year, sport coats, 44.9%; trousers, 36% mens' pact package with authorizations in extend the multifiber arrangement under suits, 20.8%, and womens' coats, almost fiscal year 1979. I believe that such a the General Agreement on Tariffs and 35%. funding delay, which need not in fact Trade. Last week, the Informal House Janis said the clothing industry lost delay the actual implementation of the Textile Committee, of which I am a 271,000 jobs between 1969 and 1975. The in­ package ·at all, is prudent for the follow­ member, adopted a set of recommenda­ dustry employs 2.3 million, one of the largest ing reasons: tions regarding the arrangement. For in the United States, he said. The Rockwell estimates may need to the information of my colleagues, I would "An unusually high proportion of the 12340 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 26, 1977 workers are members of minority groups, tion occurring at U.S. airports-of­ and extend through 1982, the Agri­ women and others, who won't find it easy entry. culture and Consumer Protection Act to obtain other jobs 1f imports keep taking 1202 Dirksen Building of 1973. jobs away," he said. "The result is more Human Resources 322 Russell Building people on welfare, rising taxes-all the things Child and Human Development Subcom­ 8:30a.m. our nation is trying to avoid." mittee Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Janis said much of the imported cloth· To consider S. 961, to implement a plan Science, Technology, and Space Subcom- 1ng is made by persons earning low wages, designed to overcome barriers in the mittee · ranging from 38 cents an hour in Korea to interstate adoption of children, and To continue hearings on S. 1069, increas­ 74 cents in Hong Kong. • proposed legislation to extend the ing authorizations for programs under "Consumers don't benefit from most of Child Abuse Prevention and Treat­ the Toxic Substances Control Act for these imports," Janis said. "In most cases, ment Act. fiscal years 1978 and 1979; and S. 899, the advantages of low wage costs are taken Until 10:30 a.m. 4232 Dirksen Building the Toxic Substances Injury Assistance by the retailer who is able to improve his 10:00 a.m. Act. profit." Appropriations 6202 Dirksen Building "We don't want to cut off trade or even State, Justice, Commerce, Judiciary Sub­ 9:30a.m. reduce it," said Janis, "merely to regulate committee Commerce, Science, and Transportation the flood." To continue hearings on proposed budget Consumer Subcommittee ~e said Congress should act to reduce the estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the To continue hearings on S. 403, the pro­ annual growth of imports. Federal Maritime Commission, Rene­ posed National Product Llab1lity In­ gotiation Board, and SBA. surance Act. 5110 Dirksen Building S-146, Capitol Human Resources SENATE COMMITTEE MEETINGS Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Securities Subcommittee Labor Subcommittee Title IV of Senate Resolution 4, agreed To hold hearings on proposed fiscal year To continue hearings on S. 995, to pro­ to by the Senate on February 4, 1977, 1978 authorizations for the SEC. hibit discrimination based on preg­ calls for establishment of a system for 5302 Dirksen Building nancy or related conditions. Until noon 4232 Dirksen Building a computerized schedule of all meetings Energy and Natural Resources 10:00 a.m. and hearings of Senate committees, sub­ Energy Research and Development Sub­ Appropriations committees, joint committees, and com­ committee State, Justice, Commerce, Judiciary Sub­ mittees of conference. This title requires To resume hearings on S. 419, to test the committee commercial, environmental, and social all such committees to notify the Office viabiUty of various oil-shale technol­ To hold •hearings on proposed budget of the Senate Dally Digest-designated ogies. estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the by the Rules Committee-of the time, Judiciary and FCC. 3110 Dirksen Building S-146, Capitol place, and purpose of all meetings when Environment and Publlc Works Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs scheduled, and any cancellations or Nuclear Regulation Subc.:Jmmittee Rural Housing Subcommittee changes in meetings as they occur. To resume hearings on proposed fiscal To hold hearings on rural housing legis­ As an interim procedure until the com­ year 1978 authorizations for the Nu­ lation with a view to reporting its clear Regulatory Commission. final recommendations thereon to the puterization of this information becomes 4200 Dirksen Building operational, the omce of the Senate Budget Committee by May 15. Finance 5302 Dirksen Building Dally Digest will prepare such informa­ To mark up proposed legislation author­ Energy and Natural Resources tion dally for printing in the Extensions izing funds for fiscal year 1978 for the Energy Production and Supply Subcom­ Of Remarks section Of the CONGRESSIONAL U.S. International Trade Commission, mittee RECORD. and to consider pending nominations. To hold hearings on S. 259, to extend Any changes in committee schedullng 2221 Dirksen Building certain noncompetitive oil and gas Foreign Relations leases in Wyoming. will be indicated by placement of an International Operations Subcommittee asterisk to the left of the name of the 457 Russell Building To hold hearings to receive testimony Energy and Natural Resources unit conducting such meetings. from representatives of Voice of Subcommittee on Parks and Recreation Meetings scheduled for Wednesday, America. To hold hearings on S. 1125, authorizing April 27, 1977, may be found in the Daily 4221 Dirksen Building the establishment of the Eleanor Digest of today~s RECORD. Governmental Affairs Roosevelt National Historic Site in MEETINGS SCHEDULED Intergovernmental Relations Subcommit­ Hyde Park, N.Y. tee 3110 Dirksen Bullding APRIL 28 To mark ups. 2, to require reauthoriza­ 8:00a.m. Environment and Public Works tion of Govern:ment programs at least Nuclear Regulation Subcommittee Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry every 5 years (proposed Sunset Act), To mark up proposed legislation author­ To continue markup of S. 275, to amend and S. 904, to establlsh a center within izing funds for the Nuclear Regulatory and extent through 1982, the Agricul­ OMB to provide current information Commission. ture and Consumer Protection Act of on Federal domestic assistance pro­ 4200 Dirksen Building 1973. grams. Governmental Affairs 322 Russell Bullding 357 Russell Building Energy, Nuclear Proliferation, and Federal 9:00a.m. Select IntelUgence Services Subcommittee Governmental Affairs To continue hearings with a view to de­ To hold hearings on the nominations of To resume hearings on S. 897, to termine whether disclosure of fiscal strengthen U.S. policies on nuclear Gladys Kessler, Robert M. Scott, Rob­ year 1978 budget figures for Govern­ ert A. Shuker, Annice M. Wagner, and nonproliferation, and to reorganize ment intelllgence activities is in the certain nuclear export functions. Paul R. Webber, ea.ch to be a judge of public interest. the District of Columbia Superior B-407 Capitol 6226 Dirksen Building Court. 2:00p.m. Governmental Affairs 457 Russell Building Appropriations Intergovernmental Relations Subcommit­ 9:30a.m. Transportation Subcommittee tee Appropriations To continue hearings on porposed budget To mark up S. 2, to require reauthoriza­ Interior Subcommittee estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the tion of Government programs at least To continue hearings on proposed budg­ National Highway Trame Safety Ad­ every 5 years (proposed Sunset Act), et estimates for fiscal year 1978 for ministration. and S. 904, to establish a center With­ ERDA. 1224 Dirksen Building in OMB to provide current informa­ 1114 Dirksen Building 2:30p.m. Commerce, Science, and Transportation tion on Federal domestic assistance Environment and Publlc Works programs. Consumer Subcommittee Water Resources Subcommittee To continue hearings on S. 403, the pro­ To mark up legislation on projects which 357 Russell Building posed National Product Llabllity Iu­ may be included in proposed Water 2:30p.m. surance Act. Resources Development Act amend­ Environment and Public Works 5110 Dirksen Bulld!ng ments. Water Resources Subcommittee Commerce, Science and Transportation 4200 Dirksen Building To mark up legislation on projects which Merchant Marine and Tourism Subcom­ APRIL29 may be included in proposed Water mittee 8:00a.m. Resources Development Act amend­ To hold hearings to receive testimony in Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry. ments. connection With delays and conges- To continue markup of S. 275, to amend 4200 Dirksen Building April 26, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 12341 MAY 2 To hold oversight hearings on U.S. mone­ Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 8:00a.m. tary policy. To consider all proposed legislation un­ Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry 5302 Dirksen Building der its jurisdiction with a view to re­ To continue markup of S. 275 to amend Commerce, Science, and Transportation porting its final recommendations and extend through 1982, the Agricul­ Consumer Subcommittee thereon to the Budget Committee by ture and Consumer Protection Act of To hold hearings on S. 1288, proposed May 15. 1973. legislation amending the Federal Trade 5302 Dirksen Building 322 Russell Building Commission Act. Commerce, Science, and Transports. tion 9:30a.m. 6110 Dirksen Building Consumer Subcommittee Commerce, Science, and Transportation Environment and Publlc Works To continue hearings on S. 1288, pro­ To hold hearings on S. 1347, to establish Resource Protection Subcommittee posed legislation to amend the Federal a National Advisory Committee on To resume hearings on proposed author­ Trade Commission Act. Oceans and Atmosphere. izations !or fiscal years 1978 for the 5110 Dirksen Building Energy Research and Development 235 Russell Building 10:00 a.m. Administration. Energy and Natural Resources Environment and Publlc Works 4200 Dirksen Building Parks and Recreation Subcommittee Nuclear Regulation Subcommittee Governmental Mairs To hold hearings on H.R. 5306, Land and To mark up proposed legislation author­ To hold hearings on S. 555, to establish Water Conservation Fund Act amend­ Izing funds for the Nuclear Regulatory Federal o1Hces to effect and implement ments. Commission. certain reforms in the Federal Govern­ 3110 Dirksen Building 4200 Dirksen Bullding ment, and related legislation: S. 113, Governmental Mairs Rules and Administration 290, 383, ana 673. To continue hearings on S. 555, to estab­ To hold hearings to receive testimony 3302 Dirksen Building lish Federal offices to effect and imple­ in behalf of requested funds for activi­ Rules and Administration ment certain reforms in the Federal ties of Senate committees and sub­ To hold hearings to receive testimony in Government, and related legislation: committees. behalf of requested funds for activities s. 113, 290, 383, and 673. SOl Russell Building o! Senate committees and subcommit­ 3302 Dirksen Building Environment and Publlc Works. tees. 1:00p.m. Water Resources Subcommittee 301 Russell Building Commerce, Science, and Transportation To resume hearings on the proposed re­ 10:30 a.m. Science, Technology, and Space Subcom­ placement of Lock and Dam 26, Alton, Commerce, Science, and Transportation mittee Ill. To hold a business meeting. To resume hearings on S. 1069, increas­ 4200 Dirksen Building 235 Russell Building ing authorizations for programs under •select Small Business 2:30p.m. the Toxic Substances Control Act for To hold hearings on proposed fiscal year Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs fiscal years 1978 and 1979; and S. 899, 1978 authorizations for programs o! To mark up S. 208, proposed National the Toxic Substances Injury Assist­ the Small Business Administration. Mass Transportation Assistance Act, ance Act. 424 Russell Bu1ld1ng and on proposed fiscal year 1978 au­ 5110 Dirksen Building 1:00 p.m. thorizations for the SEC. Commerce, Science, Transportation, and MAY 5 5302 Dirksen Building 9:00a.m. Human Resources Commerce, Science, and Transportation To hold hearings jointly on S. 1350, in­ To hold hearings on the nomination of Energy and Natural Resources creasing authorizations for programs Fabian Chavez, Jr., of New Mexico, to To consider proposed fiscal year 1978 au­ under the National Sea. Grant Pro­ be an Assistant Secretary of Commerce thorizations for ERDA. gram Act for fiscal years 1978 and for Tourism. 3110 Dirksen Building 1979. 6226 Dirksen Bullding 9:30a.m. 5110 Dirksen Building MAY 4 Environment and Public Works 2:30p.m. To mark up legislation on projects which Environment and Public Works 9:00a.m. Energy and Natural Resources may be included tn proposed Water Water Resources Subcommittee Resources Development Act amend­ To continue markup of legislation on Energy Research and Development Sub­ committee ments. projects which may be included in pro­ 4200 Dirksen Building posed Water Resources Development To continue markup of proposed fiscal Act amendments. year 1978 authorizations for ERDA. Judiciary 4200 Dirksen Building Room To Be Announced Antitrust and Monopoly Subcommittee 9:30a.m. To continue oversight hearings on the MAY 3 effectiveness of antitrust enforcement 8:00a.m. Human Resources Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry Employment, Poverty, and Migratory Labor by the Justice Department and FTC. To continue mark up of S. 275, to amend Subcommittee 2228 Dirksen Building and extend through 1982, the Agricul­ To consider H.R. 2992, to amend and Rules and Administration ture and Consumer Protection Act of extend the Comprehensive Employ­ To continue hearings on S. 1072, to es­ 1973. 322 Russell Butlding ment and Training Act, and S. 1242, tablish a universal voter registration Appropriations to provide employment and training program; s. 926, to provide for public Interior Subcommittee opportunities for youth. financing of primary and general elec­ To hold hearings on propo"ed budget UntU 1 p.m. 1202 Dirksen Building tions for the U.S. Sena.te; and the fol­ estimates !or fiscal :vear 1978 for the Judiciary lowing bills and messages to amend Smithsonian Institution. Antitrust and Monopoly Subcommittee the Federal Election Campaign Act: 1114 Dirksen Building To continue oversight hearings on the s. 15, 105, 962, 966, 1320, and 1344, 9:00a.m. effectiveness of antitrust enforcement President's message dated March 22, Energy and Natural Resources by the Justice Department and Fl'C. and recommendations of the FEC sub­ To hold hearings to receive testimony 2228 Dirksen Bullding mitted March 31. on the President's energy proposals Rules and Administration 301 Russell Building from Dr. Schlesinger. To hold hearings on S. 1072, to establish a universal voter registration program; 10:00 a.m. 1202 Dirksen Building Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 9:30a.m. S. 926, to provide for public financing of primary and general elections for To consider all proposed legislation un­ Environment and Public Works the U.S. Senate; and the following bills der its jurisdiction with a view to re­ Water Resource3 SUbcommittee and messages which amend the Fed­ porting its final recommendations To mark up legislation on projects which eral Election Campaign Act: s. 15, 105, thereon to the Budget Committee by may be included in proposed Water 962, 966, 1320, and 1344, President's May 15. Resources Development Act amend­ message dated March 22. and recom­ 5302 Dirksen Building ments. mendations from the FEC submitted Commerce, Science, a.nd Transportation 1224 Dirksen Building March 31. Consumer Subcommittee Judiciary 301 Russell Building To hold hearings on s. 957, te promote Antitrust and Monopoly Subcommittee 10:00 a.m. methods by which controversies in­ To hold oversight hearings on the effec­ Appropriations volving consumers may be resolved. tiveness o! antitrust enforcement by Transportation Subcommittee 5110 Dirksen Building the Justice Department and FTC. To resume hearings on proposed budget Governmental M!alrs 2228 Dirksen Bullding ec;tlmates for fiscal year 1978 for the To ~ontinue hearings on S. 555, to es­ 10:00 a.m. Federal Highway Administration. tabUsh Federal o1Hces to effect and B~nking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 1224 Dirksen Building implement certain reforms in the ..--r . -4'! . ... April 26, 1977 12342 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Consumer Protection Act so as to pro­ Federal Government, and related leg­ 10:00 a.m. hibit abusive practices by independ­ iSlation: S. 113, 290, 383, a.nd 673. Appropriations ent debt collectors. 3302 Dirksen Building Transportation Subcommittee To resume hearings on proposed budget Environment and Public Works 10:30 a.m. To mark up proposed legislation author­ commerce, Science, and Transportation estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the Federal Railroad Administration izing funds for the Nuclear Regulatory To hold a business meeting. Commission. 235 Russell Building (Northeast Corridor). 1224 Dirksen Building 4200 Dirksen Building MAY 6 Banking, Housing, and Urba.n Affairs ·Governmental Affairs 9:30a.m. To resume oversight hearings on U.S. Subcommittee on Reports, Accounting and Human Resources monetary policy. Management Employment, Poverty, and Migratory Labor 5302 Dirksen Building To continue hearings to review the proc­ esses by which accounting and audit­ Subcommittee Governmental Affairs ing practices and procedures, promul­ To hold hearings on proposed legislation Subcommittee on Reports, Accounting and authorizing funds for fiscal year 1978 gated or approved by the Federal Gov­ Management ernment are established. for the Legal Services Corporation. To resume hearings to review the proc­ 6202 Dirksen Building Until 2:00p.m. 4232 Dirksen Building esses by which accounting and audit­ Rules and Administration ing practices and procedures, promul­ MAY 13 gated or approved by the Federal Gov­ 10:00 a.m. To continue hearings on S. 1072, to Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs establish a universal voter registration ernment, are established. 6202 Dirksen Building Consumer Affairs Subcommittee program; S. 926, to provide for public To continue hearings on H.R. 5294, s. financing of primary and general elec­ 10:30 a.m. 656, S. 918, and S. 1130, to amend the tions for the U.S. Senate; and the commerce, Science, and Transportation To hold a business meeting. Consumer Protection Act so as to pro­ following bills and messages to amend 235 Russell Building hibit abusive practices by independent the Federal Election Campaign Act: debt collectors. S. 15, 105, 962, 966, 1320, and 1344. MAY 11 5302 Dirksen Building President's message dated March 22, 9:00a.m. Energy and Natural Resources MAY 16 and recommendations of the FEC sub­ To continue markup of proposed fiscal 10:00 a.m. mitted March 31. year 1978 authorizations for ERDA. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 301 Russell Building 3110 Dirksen Building To hold oversight hearings on federally 10:00 a.m. 9:30a.m. guaranteed loans to New York City. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Oommerce, Science, and Transportation 5302 Dirksen Building To consider all proposed legislation un­ Communications Subcommittee Select Indian Affairs der tts jurisdiction with a view to re­ To continue oversight hearings on the To hold hearings on S. 470 and S. 471, porting its final recommendations broadcasting industry, including net­ pertaining to lands on the Umatilla thereon to the Budget Committee by work licensing, advertising, violence on Indian Reservation, Oregon. May 15. TV, etc. Room to be announced 5302 Dirksen Building 235 Russell Building MAY 17 Select Small Business Environment and Public Works 10:00 a.m. To hold hearings to investigate prob­ To consider pending committee business. • Appropriations lems in development of timber set­ 4200 Dirksen Building Transportation Subcommittee asides. Judiciary To hold hearings on proposed budget 424 Russell Building Antitrust and Monopoly Subcommittee estimates for fiscal year 1978 for DOT, MAY 9 To continue oversight hearings on the to hear Secretary of Transportation 9:30a.m. effectiveness of antitrust enforcement Adams. Commerce, Science. and Transportation by the Justice Department and FTC. 1224 Dirksen Building Communications Subcommittee 2228 Dirksen Building Banking. Housing, and Urban Affairs To hold oversight hearings on the bro9.d­ 10:00 a.m. To continue oversight hearings on fed­ casting industry, including network Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs erally guaranteed loans to New York llcensing, advertising, Violence on TV, Consumer Affairs Subcommittee City. To resume hearings on H.R. 5294, S. 656, 5302 Dirksen Butlding etc. S. 918, and S. 1130, to amend the Con­ 235 Russell Butldlng MAY 18 sumer Protection Act so as to prohibit 10:00 a.m. Energy and Natural Resources abusive practices by independent debt Appropriations Energy Conservation and Regulation Sub­ collectors. Transportation Subcommittee committee 5302 Dirksen Building To continue hearings on proposed budget To hold hearings to receive testimony on Rules and AdministratioL. estimates for fiscal year 1978 for DOT. Federal Energy Administration price To mark up S. 1072, to establish a uni­ 1224 Dirksen Building policy recommendations for Alaska versal voter registration program; Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs crude oil. S. 926, to provide for public financing To continue oversight hearings on fed­ 3110 Dirksen Building of primary and general elections for erally guaranteed loans to New York Environment and Public Works the U.S. Senate; and the following bills City. To consider pending committee bust- and messages to amend the Federal 5302 Dirksen Butlding ness. Election Campaign Act; S. 15, 105, 962 Governmental Affairs 4200 Dirksen Building and 966, President's message dated Subcommittee on Reports, Accounting and Management MAY 10 March 22, and recommendations of the FEC submitted March 21. To resume he3.rings to review the proc­ 9:00a.m. 301 Russell Bullding esses by which accounting and audit­ Energy and Natural Resources Veterans' Affairs ing practices and procedures, promul­ To mark up proposed fiscal year 1978 To mark up S. 1189, H.R. 3695, H.R. 5027, gated or approved by the Federal Gov­ authorizations for ERDA. and H.R. 5029, authorizing funds for ernment, are established. 3110 Dirksen Building grants to States for construction of 6202 Dirksen Building 9:30a.m. veterans health care fac111ties. Select Indian Affairs 412 Russell Building To hold hearings on S. 103, 667, and 785, Commerce, Science, and Transportation to convey certain Federal land to the Communications Subcommittee MAY 12 Ely Indian Oolony, Paiute, a.nd Sho­ To continue oversight hearings on the 9:30a.m. Judiciary shone Tribes. broadcasting industry, including net­ Antitrust and Monopoly Subcommittee Room to be announced work licensing, advertising, violence on To continue oversight hearings on the MAY 19 TV, etc. effectiveness of antitrust enforcement 10:00 a.m. 5110 Dirksen Building by the Justice Department and FTC. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Environment and Public Works 2228 Dirksen Building To hold he3.rings on S. 695, to impose on To mark up proposed authorizations for 10:00 a.m. former Federal procurement person­ fisc!ll year 1978 for the Energy Re­ Banking, Housing, and Urban Affaks nel an extended time period during search and Development Administra­ Consumer Affairs Subcommittee which they may not work for defense tion. To continue hearings on H.R. 5294, S. contractors. 4200 Dirksen Building 656, S. 918, and S. 1130, to amend the 5302 Dirksen Building April 2'7, 1977 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 12343 dian Education Reform Act (PL. 93- MAY 20 MAY 25 9:30a.m. 638). 9:00a.m. Room to be announced Energy and Natural Resources Select Sm!l.ll Business To continue hearings on alleged restric­ JUNE 7 Public Lands and Resources Subcommittee tive and anticompetitive practices in 10:00 a.m. To hold oversight hearings on the im­ the eyeglass industry. Select Indian Affairs plementation of the Wild Horses and 424 Russell Building To continue oversight hearings on the Burros Act. Select Indian Affairs Indian Education Reform Act (P.L. 3110 Dirksen Building To hold hearings on S. 660, seeking an 93-638). 10:00 a.m. agreement with the Cherokee, Choc­ Room to be announced Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs taw, and Chickasaw Indian Tribes of JUNE 13 To continue hearings on S. 695, to im­ Oklahoma for the purchase or lease of 9:30a.m. pose on former Federal procurement their rights in the riverbed of the Commerce, Science, and Transportation personnel an extended time period Arkansas River. Communications Subcommittee during which they may not work for Room to be announced To hold oversight hearings on the cable defense contractors. Veterans• Affairs TV system. 5302 Dirksen Building To hold hearings on S. 247, to provide 235 Russell Building MAY 23 recognition to the Women's Air Forces JUNE 14 10:00 a.m. Service Pilots. 9:30a.m. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Until noon 318 Russell Building Commerce, Science, and Transportation 1:00 p.m. Communications Subcommittee To continue hearings on S. 695, to im­ Governmental Affairs pose on former Federal procurement 'I'o continue oversight hearings on the Governmental Efllclency Subcommittee cable TV system. personnel an extended time period To hold hearings to receive testimony 235 Russell Building during which they may not work for on a GAO study alleging inaccurate defense contractors. JUNE 15 financial records of the Federal fiood 9:30a.m. 5302 Dirksen Building insurance program. Select Indian Affairs Commerce, Science, and Transpotration 1224 Dirksen Building Communications Subcommittee To hold hearings on S. 905, the Central MAY 26 To continue oversight hearings on the Arizona Indian Tribal Water Settle­ 9:30a.m. cable TV system. ment Act of 1977. Select Small Business 235 Russell Building Room to be announced To continue hearings on alleged restric­ CANCELLATIONS MAY 24 tive and anticompetitive practices in the eyeglass industry. MAY 3 9:30a.m. 9:00a.m. Select Small Business 235 Russell Building Energy and Natural Resources To resume hearings on alleged restric­ 10:00 a.m. Energy Research and Development Sub­ tive and anticompetitive practices in Governmental Afi'airs committee the eyeglass industry. Subcommittee on Reports, Accounting, and To mark up proposed fiscal year 1978 424 Russell Building Management authcrizations for ERDA. 10:00 a.m. To continue hearings to review the proc­ 3110 Dirkse.n Building Governmental Affairs esses by which accounting and audit­ 10:00 a.m. Subcommittee on Reports, Accounting, ing practices and procedures, promul­ Energy and Natural Resources and Management gated or approved by the Federal Gov­ Energy ConserV'atlon and Regulation Sub­ To resume hearings to review the proc­ ernment, are established. committee esses by which accounting and audit­ 6202 Dirksen Building To hold hearings to receive testimony on ing practices and procedures, promul­ JUNE 6 Federal Energy Administration price gated or approved by the Federal Gov­ 10:00 a.m. policy recommendations for Alaska ernment, are established. Select Indian Affairs crude oil. 6202 Dirksen Building To hold oversight hearings on the In- 3110 Dirksen Building

SENATE-Wednesday, April 27, 1977 TEMPORE, should be legislated and what cannot. Washington, D.C., April 27,1977. tive McCoRMACK's thoughts, under the We pray that You give them insight to To the Senate: title "How Not To End Nuclear Pro­ ask first and only what is right, not what Being temporarlly absent from the Senate liferation," deserve the attention of all 1s popular, and having seen the right, to on official duties, I appoint Hon. EDMUND S. of us.