THE GENUS TAMARIX (TAMARICACEAE) IN PAKISTAN*

M. Qaiser

Qaiser, M. 1983 04 01 : The genus Tamarix (Tamaricaceae) in Pakistan. —Iran. Joum. Bot. 2(1): 21-68. Tehran.

A revision o f Tamarix in Pakistan is presented, including nomen­ clature, key, descriptions, locality lists and critical comments. The treatment is based on extensive living material as well as herbarium material in Pakistan and major European herbaria. Types have been examined o f almost all taxa discussed. 25 species, one o f which is divided into two varieties, are recognized in Pakistan. 5 new species are described: T. pakistanica Qaiser,T. baluchistanica Qaiser, T. sultanii Qaiser, T. alii Qaiser, and T. sarenensis Qaiser, One new combination, T. androssowii Utw . var. transcaucasica (Bge.) Qaiser, is presented. The following names are for the first time treated as synonyms: T. florida Bge. var. albiflora Bge. (= T. arceuthoides Bge.), T. bungei Boiss. (=T. arceuthoides Bge.), T. karakalensis Freyn var. myriantha Freyn (= T. arceuthoides Bge.), T. leptopetala Bge. (= T. mascatensis T- desertii Boiss. t = T. tetragyna Ehrenb. var. meyeri (Boiss.) Boiss.], T. bengalensis Baum (= T. indica willd.),T. pauciovulata J. Gay ex Batt. & Trab. (= T. passerinoides Del. ex Desv. var. macrocarpa Ehrenb.), T. balansae J. Gay ex Batt. & Trab. (= T. passerinoides Del. ex Desv. var. macrocarpa Ehrenb.)

Mohammad Qaiser, Department o f Botany, University o f Karachi, Karachi —32, Pakistan.

¥ We understood in final preparations o f the Journal that the article has already been published in Pakistan Journal o f Botany Vol. 13, No. 2(1981) 22 M. Qaiser IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983

0 L -5 l ^ Tamarix (Tamaricaceae)

, cSjl^l.L J*Li 0 L-5L j^( Tamarix ) j ’ ^.ISL s c^-J . (jIa-xs-'j cri • jl ot - y J-U j ' j j u ** • ^ ' j ' «.r . K 6 j„j1SL 4 J}L exjUy* LS^r- 3 4A-j ^U4-r- _,l^j tiJlk. j' a «jjbls- Ij v*^ <-5^

U -Tv>^JJ 4A^ / 4-^ ^ lT ^ J ^ • e~ l 4‘i 'J ^ a j j i ^ L dj, J*j 3 • * £ s-1^

T. pakistanica Qaiser, T. sultanii Qaiser, T. baluchistanica Qaiser, T. sarenensis Qaiser, T. alii Qaiser . T. androssowii Litw. Var. transcaucasica (Bge.) Qaiser

T. florida Bge. var. albiflora Bge. ( = T. arceuthoides Bge.), T. bungei Boiss. ( = T. arceuthoides B ge.), T. Karakalensis Freyn var. myriantha Freyn ( = T. arceuthoides Bge.), T. leptopetalaBge. ( = T. mascatensis Bge.), T. desertii Boiss. ( = T. tetragyna Ehrenb. var. meyeri (Boiss.) Boiss. ), T. bengalensis Baum (= T. indica willd.), T. pauciovulata j. Gay ex Batt. & Trab. (= T. passerinoides Del. ex Desv. var. macrocarpa Ehrenb.), T. balansae j. Gay ex Batt. & Trab. (= T. passerinoides Del. ex Desv. var. macrocarpa Ehrenb.). IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983 Tamarix in Pakistan 23

Introduction species from India which was also re­ ported from Pakistan. Wildenow (1816) The present revision o f the genus Tamarix in his monograph recognized only 3 in Pakistan, is part o f a thesis, approved species from our region. Desvaux (1825) by the University o f Karachi, for the described 2 new species from the Indo - award o f the Ph. D. degree. Pakistan subcontinent. However one of Tamarix L. is a medium sized genus these was later proved to be conspecific of the Old World, chiefly distributed •with an earlier species. Ehrenberg (1827) in saline areas of deserts, semideserts, enumerated 8 species along with 9 varie­ steppes or along the springs or rivers of ties of T. galica L., some of which lat­ the mountains of Asia, Europe and N. er proved to be distinct species. Arnott E. Africa. The number o f species always (in Wight & Arnott 1834 ) recognized remained disputable, e. g. , Gorshkova only 2 species from the Indo-Pakistan (1949), Zohary (1972) reported 90 spe­ subcontinent. He also applied an erron­ cies; while Baum (1966) accepted 54 eous name, T. gallic a L., for T. indica species. Willd. Bunge (1822) in his generic The genus is not o f much economic monograph,accepted 51 species including importance. The wood of Tamarix 21 new species and many varieties. Only aphylla (L.) Karst, is used for making 4 species were reported from our area. house rafters. In North Arabia, Africa Boissier (1867) in his ‘Flora Orientalis’ and Iran tannin obtained from this (which included Baluchistan arid a part species is used for colouring goat and of North West Frontier Province) recor­ sheep skins (Hutchinson 1967). Tamarix ded 38 species including 3 new species. manna ( a sweet excretion of insects, One o f these was endemic to Baluchistan. living on Tamarix, Bodenheimer 1929) Dyer (1874) revised the family for ‘Flora is used in medicines in India and Arabia of British India’ . He recognized only 6 (Hutchinson 1967). The twigs o f T. species with T. salina Dyer as a new dioica Roxb. ex Roth are used in local species. medicines for curing ring worms, gonor­ Aitchison (1888) reported for the first rhoea etc. (Said 1969). Some of the time T. macrocarpa (Ehrenb.) Bunge (T. Tamarix species are cultivated as omam - Passerinoides Del. ex Desv. var. macroca­ ental (Bailey 1950; Lawrence 1951) and rpa Ehrenb.) from Baluchistan. Niedenzu shelter belt plants. (1895) in Engler’s ‘Die Naturlichen Pflan- Linneaus (1753) in his ‘Species Plan- zenfamilien’ accepted 64 species of tarum’ included only 2 species and Tamarix. In 1896 in his monograph of erroneously described a species of Ta­ the genus Niedenzu reused the number to marix under the name Thuja aphylla L. 67 and for the first time gave the termi­ (1755) from Egypt. This species occurs nology for the different shapes o f the also in the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent. disc ( the same terminology is being Pallas (1788) described one species of followed in the present study). In 1925 Tamarix from Russia which was later he revised the family once again for the also recorded from Kashmir. Rottle & second edition o f ‘Die Naturlichen Pflan- Wildenow (1803) described one more zenfamilien’ and accepted 78 species. 24 M. Qaiser IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983

Cooke (1901), Bur kill (1909), Meebold Fig. I B ) . (1909), Talbot (1911),and parker (1918) (3) Amplexicaul: Clasping the stem with enumerated common species of Tamarix the base (e. g., T. passerinoides var - from the subcontinent, especially from the macrocarpa , Fig. 1 C). area that is presently known as Pakistan. Arendt (1926) monographed the genus Tamarix and reduced the number to 70. Schiman-Czeika (1964) prepared an account of the family in Rechinger’s ‘ Flora Iranica’. The area covered also includes some portions o f Pakistan. She recognized 35 species of Tamarix (only 9 from Pakistan). Baum (1966) in his monograph o f the genus recognized 54 species in all, including 2 new species. This work records only 11 species from Pakistan. Recently Stewart (1972) rep­ orted 16 species from Pakistan including a doubtful species. The present study revealed the existence o f 26 taxa from Fig. 1. Some leaf shapes in Tamarix. — A. Pakistan including 5 new species. Vaginate. — B. Pseudovaginate. — C. Amplexicaul.

Explanation o f special terms

LEAVES DISC

The shape o f the leaves in the genus The configuration of the disc is one of Tamarix is a reliable taxonomic marker. the most important and reliable taxono­ Along with some normal shapes o f the mic markers. Following 4 types o f discs leaves as ovate or sessile with narrow are recognized (after Niedenzu 1895). base etc., following main types may be Besides these 4 types o f configurations recognized. intermediates are also met with . (1) Mesodiscine: This is the most (1) Vaginate: Completely surrounding common type of configuration. The the stem by the convolute base and the filaments are inserted in between the leaves strongly fitting into one another lobes of disc (e.g., T. indica and T. (e.g., T. dioica and T. aphylla, Fig. 1 A ). aphylla, Fig. 2 A ). (2) Pseudovaginate : The same as the (2) Epilophic : In this case the bases of last, but in a smaller degree, i.e. very the filaments gradually merge with the strongly amplexicaul with tightly touch - discal lobes, thus suggesting a broad base ing margins but some portion o f the stem of the filament (e.g., T. parviflora, Fig. visible (e. g., T. indica and T.sarenensis, 2 B ). IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983 Tamarix in Pakistan 25

CONFLUENT EPILOPHIC EPIDISCINE

Fig. 2. Diagrammatic representation of different types o f disc. 26 M. Qaiser IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983

(3) Confluent epilophic : The two sides Flowers small, penta- or tetramerous; of the discal lobes gradually approach mostly bisexual, rarely unisexual, then the filament, thus each filament is inser­ plants dioecious; each flower usually ted in between the two confluent lobes subtended by one bract, occasionally by (e.g., T. androssowii and T. alii, Fig. 2 C ). two or more; bracts ovate, triangulate or (4) Epidiscine: In this case no apparent linear, amplexicaul or subamplexicaul, disc or disc lobes are formed and the herbaceous or diaphanous, entire or bases of the filaments meet almost at denticulate, acute or obtuse, shorter than, the centre o f the torus (e.g., T. passer- equal or longer than pedicel. Calyx 4 - or inoides var. macrocarpa and T. ericoides, 5 - lobed, subequal or equal with imbri - Fig. 2D). cate aestivation, 2 outer, 3 inner lobes (pentamerous) or 2 outer, 2 inner lobes (tetramerous), denticulate or entire , Tamarix L . obtuse or acute, variously shaped, mostly Linn., Sp. PI. 270 (1753); Gen. PL, ed. ovate or orbicular, glabrous or slightly 5,131 (1754); Ehrenberg, in Linnaea papillose. Petals 4 or 5, free, ovate , 2 :2 4 1 - 344 (1827) ; DC., Prodr. 3:95 oblong, obovate or elliptical, obtuse, (1828); Bunge, Tentamen 1—85 (1852); slightly notched or somewhat cuneate at Boiss., FI. Or. 1:763 (1867); Benth. & the apex, equi - or unequilateral, pink, Hook, f., Gen. Pl. 1:159 (1867); Dyer in violet, purple or white, deciduous or Hook. f „ FI. Brit. Ind. 1:248 (1874) ; persistent. Stamens 4—10 ( -12), diplos- Parker, For. FI. Punj. Del. Haz. 24 temonous or haplostemonous, antisepal - (1918); Cooke FI. Pres. Bomb. 1:74 ous stamens usually slightly larger than (1958, repr. ed.); Talbot, For. FI. Bomb. antipetalous stamens, inserted on or below Sind 1:84 (1911); Gorshkova in Shishkin the nectariferous disc. Disc variously & Bobrov, FI. USSR 15:290 (1949); shaped, anthers ovoid, apiculate or obt - Baum, Monog. Genus Tamarix 22 (1966); use. Stigmas 3—4, rarely 5 or 2, elongate, Hutch., Gen. FI. Pl. 2:323 (1967). - clavate or divergent, 2 —3 times shorter than the ovary. Ovary pyramidal or Lectotype: T. gallica L. Trichaitrns Am. bottle-shaped, placentas very short at the in Wight & Am., Prodr. FI. Penin. Ind.Or. base o f the locules. Capsule 3—5 angled, 1: 40 (1834). conical or pyramidal, dehiscing by 3 valves downward to base. Seeds small, Shrubs or trees, 2-10(-12) m tall, with a compressed, glabrous, hairy from the deep root system, densely branched, apex, coma sessile. glabrous, papillose or subpapillose, bark of various colours, mostly brownish to blackish brown. Leaves small, 0.5-7 mm Key to the species long, scale-like, alternate, sessile, amp- lexicaul, vaginate or auriculate, glabrous or papillose, covered with punctate salt 1. + Flowers unisexual. 18. T. dioica secreting glands. Inflorescence simple or - Flowers bisexual. 2 compound racemes or panicles, 1— 15 2. + Androecium haplostemonous . cm long, on younger and older branches. Stamens 4—5. 3 IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983 Tamarix in Pakistan 27

- Androecium diplostemonous or Petals obovate. Disc mesodiscine. partially diplostemonous. Stam - 2. T. arceuthoides ens (6 -) 7—10. 23 Leaves amplexicaul, without 3. + Flowers tetramerous or with tetra papillose margin. Petals elliptic and pentamerous flowers in the ovate. Disc epilophic or confluent same raceme. 18 epilophic. - Flowers always pentamerous. 4 4. T. mascatensis 4. + Racemes 6—9 mm broad. 5 14. + Disc mesodiscine. 15 - Racemes 3—4 (—5 ) mm broad. 8 - Disc epilophic or confluent epi­ 5. + Rachis and branches papillose. lophic. 16 6. T. pakistanica 15. + Leaves pseudovaginate to amp­ - Plant entirely glabrous. 6 lexicaul, rachis minutely papillose. 6. + Bracts linear oblong, exceeding Bract 1 mm long, capsules 6 mm calyces. Leaves semiamplexicaul. long. 1. T. indica 5. T. salina - Leaves ovate or sessile with narrow - Bracts ovate or triangulate-ovate , base. Rachis glabrous. Bracts 2 never exceeding calyces. Leaves mm long. Capsule 3—4 mm long. vaginate. 7 11. T.korolkowii 7. + Petals recurved, sepals orbicular. 16. + Leaves cordate with broad base. Stamens exserted. 21. T. alii Younger parts papillose. Bracts - Petals erect, sepals ovate. Stamens amplexicaul. 7. T. karelinii included. 19. T. sultanii • Leaves with narrow base. Entirely 8 + Leaves vaginate. 9 glabrous. Bracts not amplexicaul . - Leaves not vaginate. 10 17 9. + Leaves papillose Bracts not vagi­ 17. + Disc epilophic. Capsule 1.75-2 nate. Disc epilophic. mm long. Pollen grains without 22. T. kermanensis columellae. - Leaves not papillose. Bracts vagi­ 3. T. leptostachya nate. Disc mesodiscine. - Disc confluent epilophic. Capsule 20. T. aphylla 3-3.5 mm long. Pollen grains 10. + Petals persistent. 11 with columellae. - Petals deciduous. 12 9. T. baluchistanica 11. + Petals ovate to orbicular with a 18. + Racemes 6_10 mm broad. 19 gibbous base. Peduncle naked for - Racemes 3—4 (-5) mm broad. 20 a considerable distance. 19. + Bracts exceeding calyces, broadly 8. T. smymensis linear to obtrullate. Petals 3—3.5 - Petals obovate without a gibbous mm long. Racemes 5— 13 cm base. Peduncle not naked, densely long. flowered. 10. T. ramosissima 14. T. tetragyna var. meyeri 12. + Racemes 2-5 cm long. 13 - Bracts not exceeding calyces, - Racemes up to 15 cm long. 14 oblong lanceolate. Petals 2 — 2.5 13. + Leaves sessile with narrow base, mm long. Racemes 2— 4 cm long. usually with papillose margin . 13. T. szovitsiana 28 M. Qaiser IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983

20. + Bracts longer than the pedicels. Nasir & Ali, Ann. Cat. Vase. PI. W. Pak.& 21 Kash. 491 (1972). — Holotype: India, - Bracts shorter than the pedicels. Klein s. n. 1799 (Herb. Willd. No. 6063 22 B ! ). 21. + Petals parabolic, persistent. Fl­ T. epacroides Smith in Rees, Cyclop. owers tetra-'as well as pentame- 35:4 (1817). — Holotype: Habitat cop- rous. iose prope Flumen Colloram maximum 12. T. parviflora non ad Junctio Flumina, Koenig 383.3 - Petals elliptic to obovate, deci­ (LINN!). duous. Flowers only tetramerous. T. gallica L. var. indica (Willd.) Ehrenb., 17. T. kotschyi in Linnaea 2:268 (1827). 22. + Racemes umbellate at apex. T. troupii Hole in Indian Forester 45:245 16. T. androssowii var. trans- (1919). — Holotype: Sibi Range, Balu­ caucasica chistan, Troup 1916 (DD not seen); Iso . - Racemes not umbellate at apex. (W!). 15. T. androssowii var. and­ T. bengalensis Baum, Monog. Tamarix rossowii 180 (1966); syn.nov.—Holotype: Hook . 23. + Racemes 4— 5 mm broad. Leaves f. & Thomson Bengal or regio troup/ vaginate only 23. T. stricta temp (W!); Iso. (B!, BM!, K!, P!). - Racemes 6—10 mm broad. Older T. gallica sensu Wight & Arnot, Prodr . leaves vaginate, younger imbrica- - FI. Ind. or. 40 (1834); Dyer in Hook, te . 24 f., FI. Brit. Ind. 1:248 (1874) et auct. 24. + Androecium completely diplost- plur.; non Linn. (1753). emonous. Raceme 9 — 11 mm broad. Disc fleshy. A tall shrub or small tree, 2-6 (-8) m tall 24. T. ericoides with reddish-brown bark, glabrous. - Androecium partially diploste- Leaves pseudovaginate, sessile, ovate with monous. Racemes 6-^ 8 mm deltoid base, amplexicaul or auriculate, broad. Disc not fleshy. 25 younger imbricate, acute, 1 -2 mm long, 25. + Leaves amplexicaul or semiam- without coherent margins. Racemes plexicaul. Rachis papillose. both vernal and aestival, (vernal usually 25. T. passerinoides simple, aestival densely compound), 3-12 var. macrocarpa (-15) cm long, 3—4 (-5) mm broad. - Leaves pseudo vaginate to vaginate. Rachis minutely papillose or entirely Rachis glabrous. 26. T. sarenensis glabrous. Bract triangular, acuminate, somewhat irregularly denticulate at the margin, sometimes slightly keeled, c. 1 1. Tamarix indica Willd. mm long, pedicel shorter than bract, c. 0.5 mm long. Sepals 5, fused at the base, Tamarix indica Willd., Ges. Naturf. Freu- inner somewhat broader than the outer, nde Berlin, Neue Schr. 4:214 (1803); outer more acute, ovate or trullate ovate Bunge, Tentamen 56 (1852); Baum , to somewhat orbicular, deeply denticu­ Monog. Tamarix 60 (1966); Stewart in late at the apex, margin somewhat IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983 Tamarix in Pakistan 29

membranous, 0.75— 1 mm long, c. 0.5 are elliptic-oblong and the disc is meso­ mm broad. Petals 5, free, elliptic or discine. elliptic obovate, obtuse 1 — 2 mm long, 0.75—1 mm broad. Stamens 5, filaments (2). T. indica Willd. is a highly polymor­ filiform, inserted in between the 10 phic species especially in leaf characters, lobes of the mesodiscine disc, insertion size and thickness o f the racemes, but perihypodiscal, anthers somewhat une­ the variation is continuous and over all qual, apiculate. Styles 3, clavate, ovary and it is not possible to recognize even somewhat bottle-shaped, , trigonous, infraspecific categories. This inference truncate at top. Capsule c. 6 mm long, is drawn after studying 300 specimens conical, triangular. (partly in living condition and partly on herbarium sheets). However there seems Distribution. Bangla Desh, Ceylon, India, to be some correlation with edaphic Pakistan, Afghanistan. factors. The plants growing in more waterlogged and saline soils have longer Pakistan. Widely distributed and known racems ( 6 — 15 cm long), mostly with from the following districts (number of semi - to fully amplexicaul leaves, while localities in parenthesis): Mardan (1)- those growing on less saline and water­ Mianwali (2) — Loralai (1) — Jhang (1) logged soils have shorter racemes (up to 8 — Sahiwal (1) — Chagai (2) — Sibi (1) — cm long) and pseudovaginate leaves. The Multan (1) — Muzaffargarh (1) — Makran thickness o f racemes also varies slightly. (17) — Dadu (4) — Kalat (1) —Nawab- In the former condition it is 4—5 mm shah (2) — Sanghar (2) — Sukkur (1) — thick, while in the latter condition the Khairpur (1) — Lasbella (4) — Thatta racemes are 3 (-4) mm thick. However (26) — Karachi (2) . large number o f intermediates are also met with, hence infraspecific categories (1). Tamarix indica Willd. is usually cannot be recognized. confused with T. gallica L. Almost all the previous workers of the subcontinent, (3). Baum (1966) accepts two distinct have erroneously treated the former species, T. indica Willd. and T. bengalen- taxon as T. gallica L. Wight and Arnott sis Baum, but critical examination o f the (1834) seem to be the first to have holotypes o f both taxa and the material done so. They were generally followed available in the different herbaria indica­ by other workers such as Stewart (1867), tes that they are' conspecific. The shape Brandis (1874), Dyer (1874) etc. T. o f the leaves and the character o f the gallica L. is purely a European species and sepals used by Baum in distinguishing does not occur in this subcontinent. It the two species are found most variable. is readily distinguished from T. indica At one extreme the leaves vary from Willd. in having auriculate leaves, glabrous subauriculate to pseudovaginate condi - rachis, somewhat ovate petals and epilo- tion and in many cases one may find all phic disc. In T. indica Willd., the these stages on one and the same plant. leaves are subauriculate to pseudovagi- Similarly the sepals also vary from ovate nate, the rachis is papillose, the petals to orbicular. It is very difficult to draw a 30 M. Qaiser IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983 line between the two taxa using these K!, P!, W! ). characters. Therefore the delimitation into distinct taxa on the basis o f leaf and Shrub or very small tree, 2 - 3 (-4) m tall sepal characters is not justified. ‘ with reddish brown-pinkish bark, densely branched, glabrous. Leaves sessile, with narrow base, somewhat ovate-deltoid, 2. Tamarix arceuthoides Bge. acute with minutely papillose margin ' (1— ) 1.5— 2.5 mm long; 0.5 mm broad. Inflorescence a compound raceme, Tamarix arceuthoides Bge., Mem. Acad. dense, erect or subspreading, both St. Petersb. 7:295 (1851), Tentamen aestival and vernal, 1.5—5 (-8) cm long, 58 (1852); Boiss., FI. Or. 1:775 (1867); 2.5 — 4 mm broad. Bracts ovate, trian­ Gorshk. in Shishkin & Bobrov, FI. USSR gulate, 1-1.5 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, 15:312 (1949); Baum, Monog. Tamarix acuminate, entire, pedicel 0.5 — 1 mm 31 (1966). — Lectotype: Haufig an den long, rarely equal to bracts. Calyx steinigen Ufem des obem Strafschan 5 - lobed, sepals 0.5— 0.75 mm long, bis in den Karatau 6.9 1841, Lehmann 0.3 mm broad, ovate to trullate ovate, (p!); Iso. (K!). . finely denticulate, the outer 2 more T. florida Bge. var. kotschyi Bge., Ten­ obtuse than the inner 3. Petals 5, tamen 38 (1852). - Lectotype: Ad obovate, 1—1.75 mm long, 0.5 mm rivas prope pagum Dalechi inter Abu- broad, pink, caducous. Stamens 5, fila­ schir et Shiraz Kotschy 157, March ments slender, 2-3 mm long, anthers 1852 (P!); Iso. (BM!, G!, K!, W!). T. florida Bge. var. albiflora Bge. 1. c. 38; dorsifixed, acute-subobtuse,disc purplish, syn. nov. — Holotype: Prope Yesd, deeply 5- lobed, lobes notched, thus becoming obscurely 10- lobed, insertion Buhse 1210 (P!). T. bungei Boiss., FI. Or. 1:774 (1867 ); o f filaments peridiscal, inserted between syn. nov. — Holotype: Prope Kefterchan the lobes of the disc (mesodiscine disc), inter Kerman et Yesd, 21 April 1859, anthers subreniform, exapiculate to some­ Bunge (G-BOISS!); Iso. (P!). what apiculate. Ovary conical, 0.75-1.25 T. askabadensis Freyn in Bull. Herb.Boiss. mm long, styles 3, very short, almost 2(3): 1059 (1903).—Holotype:Regio tra- fused. Capsule 3-4 (-5) mm long, 1 mm nscaspica Aschabad pr. Kosen, 19 May, broad, dehiscing by 3 longitudinal valves. 1900 P. Sintenis 295 (G!); Iso. (W !,P!, Seeds many. G! ). T. karakalensis Freyn var. verrucifera Distribution. Iraq, Iran, Russia, Afgha­ Freyn 1. c. 1062. — Holotype: Regio nistan and Pakistan. In dry river beds transcaspica Germab in paludosis salsis and river banks o f Baluchistan and nor - prope pagum Skobelewka, 29 June, 1900 * them regions of Pakistan. P. Sintenis 6 4 6 a (G!); Iso. (E!, K!). T. karakalensis Freyn var. myriantha Pakistan. Gilgit Dist.: Gilgit, R. R. Freyn, 1. c. 1062; syn. nov. — Holotype: Stewart 26462 (RAW); 30 miles from Aschabad versus Besmen, 4 June, 1900 Farm on way to Gilgit, Sultanul Abedin P. Sintenis 467 (G!); Iso. (B!, BM!, E!, 6 M. Qaiser 9075 (KUH); 15 miles from IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983 Tamarix in Pakistan 31

Gilgit on way to Nomal, common near (3). According to Freyn T. askaba­ the river bank, Sultanul Abedin & M. densis differs from T. arceuthoides Qaiser 9094 (KUH); Gilgit — Juglosh Bge.by having obtuse anthers and oblong road, Sultanul Abedin & M. Qaiser 9089 petals. In T. arceuthoides Bge., the (KUH); 5 miles from GonarFarmon way petals are elliptic and the anthers are to Gilgit, Sultanul Abedin & M. Qaiser somewhat apiculate, but there are many 9070 (KUH); Chahichito, Giligit, Giles specimens which show a continuous 230 (K); Shulu, Gah Bla, 9 - 12000 ft., variation in petal and anther characters. J. W. Thomley 46 (E). — Chitral Dist.: In the type of T. askabadensisFreyn, the Bombrait, Siddiqui & Rehman 26769 racemes are slightly longer than normally (RAW); south of Hindu Kush, ± 7000' , in T. arceuthoides Bge., but the rest of Giles (E); sandy river bed, 4 - 7000', the characters including the disc shape Chitral S. M. Toppin 212 (K); ibid., J. D. are similar. It just has to be treated A. Staintion 2592 (BM); Baltistan, fls. as a minor variant of T. arceuthoides purplish, along the bank o f Indus, F. Bge. Ludlow 319 (BM); Indus valley, Bungi, c. 5000 ft., R. Scott Russel 1871 (B M ).- (4). Sintenis labels are not always consis­ Sibi Dist.: Kach, near Ziarat J. F. Duthie tent and different specimens are mounted s. n., May 1893 (K). — Chagai Dist.: bearing indentical labels, e. g., in the Zangi Nawar, a flood lake on Quetta Edinburgh Herbarium, there are 2 sheets river W. S. W. of Naushki, sand dunes, bearing number 46 a, one of them common, up to 6' high, Henry Crook- is definitely T. hispida Willd. and the shank 45 (K). — Makran Dist.: Inter other belongs to T. arceuthoides Bge. Kappar at Gawadar, K. H. Rechinger 27899 (W); 33 miles from Basima on (5). According to Staneu (1967)“ Bunge’s way to Surab, Sultanul Abedin & Abrar original collections are at Leningrad. Hussain 6986 (KUH); 30 miles from The Le set, Probably, is the first set of Basima on way to Surab, Sultanul Abedin Eastern Asiatic plants, but a set was also & Abrar Hussain 6983 (KUH). acquired by Cosson (now at Paris) and it is possible that in some cases Bung’s (1). A careful examination of the types holotypes will be found in Paris rather of T. florida Bge. var. albiflora Bge., T. than in Leningrad” ; while Dr. H. Heine bungei Boiss. and T. karakalensis Freyn o f Paris (personal communications) on var. myriantha Freyn reveals that all the other hand states that Bung’s original these taxa are conspecific with T. arceu­ collection of Asiatic plants are in Paris thoides Bge. and LE has a duplicate set. He also quotes that Stafleu has also used the (2). In the Geneva Herbarium,there are 3 word “ probably” about the existence of sheets o f T. askabadensis Freyn, two the first set in Leningrad. with printed labels and one in the hand­ writing of Freyn and this sheet bearing 3. Tamarix leptostachya Bge. the author’s signature is regarded as holotype. Tamarix leptostachya Bge., Mem. Acad. 32 M. Qaiser IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983

St. Petersb. 7:293 (1851), Tentamen 71 distributed in Mongolia, Russia, Western (1852); Boiss., FI. Or. 1:776 (1867); Tibet, Pakistan and Iran. Gorshk. in Shishkin & Bobrov, FI. USSR 15:310 (1949); Baum, Monog. Pakistan. Karakorum Hunza and Nagar , Tamarix 62 (1966), excl. syn. T. kasak^ Gebiet Serat: Ufer und Grundwasser horum Gorshk. — Lectotype: Syssow in Geholze der Artemisia (Wiisten) Steppe der Kirghisen Steppe “ Barssuki” am 2540 m, Paffen 294 (W); Natunza, Aralsee, 8. 1840 (P!, selected by Baum, Hunza valley, E.J. Ecker s. n., 26.10 1966). 1973 (KUH); Sukho Gam Nall, Gilgit, T. gallica L. var. micrantha Ledeb., FI. 9-12000',J. W. Thomley 46 (BM); Garu- Ross. 2:135 (1843) p.p. — Lectotype: kh, Giles 500 (K); near Lohari Pass, Altai Songar, ad lacum Nor-saissan, Chitral, M. A. Siddiqi 32176 (RAW); Politow 1826 (P!); Iso. (E!). Kashmir, Shagosi valley o f Indus, Winter- bottom 832 (K). Shrub, 1 — 3 (-5) m tall with reddish brown to greyish brown bark and more or less appressed branches, plant entirely 4 . Tamarix mascatensis Bge. glabrous. Leaves sessile with narrow base, narrowly ovate to lanceolate, youn­ Tamarix mascatensis Bge., Tentamen 60 ger leaves somewhat imbricate, 2-4 mm (1852); Boiss., FI. Or. 1:774 (1867); long, 0 .5 -2 mm broad, acute. Racemes Schiman - Czeika in Rech. f., FI. Iranica aestival, densely compound, 4-12 (-15) 4:12 (1964); Baum, Monog. Tamarix cm long, (2.5-) 3(-3.5) mm broad, pedun­ 38 ( 1966); — Lectotype: Oman, Regn. cle 0.5— 2.5 cm long. Bracts herbaceous Mascate secus Torrente, Aucher - Eloy somewhat narrowly triangular, 1.5— 2 4912 (W!); Iso. (BM! , P!). mm long, less than 0.5 mm broad, T. leptopetala Bge., Tentamen 72 (1852), acuminate; pedicel c. 1 mm long or syn. nov. — Holotype: In valle Loura slightly shorter. Flowers pentamerous, monte Elburs, Pers. Bor., Kotschy 728 pink. Sepals almost free, ovate or (P!); Iso. (G!). trullate ovate, acute to obtuse, finely 2-3 m tall shrub or very small tree with denticulate at the margin, 0 .5 — 0.75 reddish brown bark, entirely glabrous. mm long, 0.25— 0.4 mm broad. Petals Leaves sessile, somewhat ovate with free, obovate,rarely somewhat spathulate, narrow base, 1.5—2mm long, 0 .5-1 mm 1.25— 1.5 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, broad, acute. Racemes simple, aestival, obtuse, caducous. Stamens 5, haploste­ 1—3 cm long, 3—4 mm broad, densely monous, filaments fused with the disc flowered. Flowers pentamerous, pinkish. lobes, i.e. epilophic, 3 mm long, anthers Bracts triangular, acuminate, finely denti­ obtuse, insertion peridiscal. Styles 3, culate, 1(—1.5) mm long, 0.5—0.75 mm obovate, ovary stipitate, bottle-shaped, broad. Pedicel shorter than the bract, c. 1 mm long. Capsule 1.75—2 mm long, 0.5—0.75 mm long. Sepals fused at the 0.5 mm broad. base, ovate, 0.75—1 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, finely denticulate, the outer 2 Distribution. A Central Asian species , somewhat smaller and acute than the IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983 Tamarix in Pakistan 33

inner 3. Petals elliptic-ovate, 1—1.5 mm bracts entirely diaphanous and the disc long, 0.75—1 mm broad. Stamens 1—1.5 confluent epilophic. mm long, anthers somewhat apiculate, c. 0.5 mm long. Disc epilophic. Styles 3, obovate, ovary stipitate, 0.5—0.75 mm 5. Tamarix salina Dyer long. Capsule 3 mm long. Tamarix salina Dyer in Hook, f., FI. Brit. Ind. 1:248 (1874); Parker, For. FI . Distribution. Somalia, Sokotra Island , Punj. Haz. & Delhi 27 (1918); Baum, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Iran, Russia (Cau­ Monog. Tamarix 147 (1966) p. p.; R. R. casia) and Pakistan. Stewart in Nasir & Ali, Ann. Cat. Vase. PI. Park. & Kash. 490 (1972). — Holotype: Pakistan. Chagai Dist.: Nokkundi, M . Pakistan, Kaffir Kote and Esakhil, West Qaiser 59 (KUH); 24 miles from Nokku­ Bank o f Indus, 4.3 1852, Flemming 115 ndi on way to Zahedan, M. Qaiser & A. (K!); Iso. (E!). Ghafoor 3521A (KUH). Erect shrub, 1—2.5 m tall with dark red­ dish brown bark. Leaves subamplexicaul, (1). This species is reported for the first acute, younger imbricate, entire, c. 3mm time from Pakistan. long, 6—7 mm broad, rachis entirely glabrous. Bracts linear to linear - oblong, (2). Boissier (1867), Niedenzu ( 1895), acutish, entire, 3—4(—5) mm long, 1—1 Gorshkova (1949) and Schiman - Czeika .25 mm broad; pedicel much shorter (1964) have treated T. mascatensis Bge. than the bract, c. 1 mm long. Sepals 5, and T. leptopetala Bge. as two distinct slightly fused at the base, ovate, obtuse species, but a careful examination o f the to somewhat acute. 1.5 — 1.75 mm types of both taxa suggests that they are long, 1—1.25 mm broad; inner 3 some­ conspecific. The type o f the latter not what broader, almost entire, outer 2 only matches the former in habit but the smaller, subentire. Petals 5, elliptic, other characters such as shape o f disc, obovate, obtuse, entire, 2—3 mm long, sepals and petals are also exactly similar 1—1.75 mm broad. Stamens 5, filaments to T. mascatensis Bge. Since both filiform, c. 2 mm long, anthers dorsifixed, species were published at the same time slightly apiculate, disc epilophic to conf­ in the same publication there is no ques­ luent epilophic. Styles 4, ovary some­ tion o f priority. As T. leptopetala Bge. what conical, c. 1.5 mm long, capsule has lately been treated as the synonym pyramidal, 4—6 mm long. o f T. kotschyi Bge., I am retaining the first name as the valid one. Distribution. Endemic to Pakistan. Pro­ (3). Baum (1966) has erroneously inclu­ bably confined to Sind and Punjab. ded T. leptopetala Bge. under the syno - nymy o f T. kotschyi Bge. despite of its Pakistan. Khairpur Dist.: Miras in saline pentamerous flowers, not diaphanous soil and water, plant bushy, 3—5 ft., bracts and epilophic disc. In T. kotschyi flowers purple, common, M. A. Ali AA Bge. the flowers are tetramerous, the 651(PFI—B).— Sukkur Dist.: 14 miles 34 M. Qaiser IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983 from Sukkur on way to Hyderabad, M. Frutex 2—3 m altus; cortex fusco-nigei Qaiser 4422A (KUH); 25 miles from vel nigro-fuscus. Rami papillosi vel Sukkur on way to Hyderabad, M. Qaiser subpapillosi. Folia sessilia amplexicaulia 4428 (KUH). vel pseudovaginantia, acuta vel acuminata, 1—2 mm longa, 0.5 mm lata. Inflores- (1). Baum (1966) enumerated the follo­ centiae aestivales, simplices; racemi 3—7 wing characters for T. salina Dyer. Leaves cm longi, 5—6 (—7) mm lati, rachide amplexicaul, twigs and rachis densely dense vel breviter papillose. Bracteae simplices, ovatae, triangulato - ovatae , papillose, bracts cordate, shorter than 1—1.5 mm longae, 0.5 — 0.75 mm latae, pedicel. However, a careful examination crenato-dentatae vel integrae; pedicelli of the holotype, which is at Kew,revealed 0.5—1.25 mm longi. Calyx pentamerus. that neither the leaves were amplexicaul Sepala c. 1.5 mm longa, 0.75 — 1 mm nor the twigs and rachis were papillose. lata, ovata, obtusa, margine inciso-den- The bracts were also linear oblong and ticulata, dua exteriora breviora. Corolla much longer than the pedicel, almost pentamera, petala elliptico-oblonga vel reaching the flower’s apex as mentioned obovata, 2 — 2.5 mm longa, 1 — 1.25 by Dyer himself in his description. mm lata, decidua, Stamina 5.3 — 3.5 It is, therefore obvious that Baum’s mm longa; filamenta filiformia,insertione concept of T. Salina is different from hypodiscali. Discus epilophus, confluens; that o f Dyer and consists of more than antherae cordatae, nec apiculatae, 0.75 one taxon. After studying large number mm longae. Ovarium stipitatum, ovatum, of specimens belonging to this complex, sub anthesi c. 2 — 2.5 mm longum; styli present in different herbaria, two distinct tres, plus minusve oblongi. Capsula groups are segregated on the basis o f the pyramidata, c. 5 mm longa, 1.5 mm lata. characters listed in Tab. 1. It is inferred from the tabulated obser­ vations that group A belongs to true Erect shrub, 2—3 m tall with brownish T. Salina Dyer and the group B belongs black to blackish grey bark, branches to a new taxon T. pakistanica Qasier, papillose to sub - papillose. Leaves sessile, which is being described below. The amplexicaul or pseudovaginate, acute or former species seems to be less common acuminate, 1—2 mm long, 0.5 mm broad . than the latter. Inflorescence aestival, simple raceme, 3 — 7 cm long,5 — 6 ( — 7 )mm broad, rachis densely papillose to papillose. Bracts 6. Tamarix pakistanica Qaiser sp. nov. simple, ovate, triangulate - ovate, 1—1.5 Fig. 3 mm long, 0.5 — 0.75 mm broad, crenate- dentate or entire, pedicel 0.5 — 1.2 5 mm Tamarix pakistanica Qaiser, sp. nov. — long, Calyx pentamerous, sepals c. 1.5 Holotype: 45/6 miles from Karachi on mm long, 0.75 mm broad, ovate, obtuse way to Hyderabad, Sultanul Abedin 3535 with incised - denticulate margin, outer (KUH). 2 short. Corolla pentamerous, petals T. Salina sensu Baum, Monog. Tamarix elliptic obloi^g or obovate, 2—2.5 mm 147 (1966) p. p.; non Dyer 1874. long, 1—1.25 mm broad, deciduous. Sta- IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983 Tamarix in Pakistan 35

Fig. 3. Tamarix pakistanica. — A. Twig. — B. Raceme. — C. Part o f raceme. — D. Leaves. — E. Flower. — F. Bract. — G. Disc. — H. Petal. — J. Sepals. 36 M. Qaiser IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983

mens 5.3 — 3.5 mm long, filaments the edges o f the furrows and without filiform, insertion hypodiscal with epilo - columellae, while in the latter, luminae phic to confluent epilophic disc, anthers are indistinct at the edge of the furrows cordate, not apiculate, 0.75 mm long. and with columellae (Qaiser 1976). Che­ Ovary stipitate, ovate, 2—2.5 mm long mically the two species also show diffe­ after anthesis, styles 3, ± oblong. Capsu­ rences in their phenolic constituents. An le pyramidal, c. 5 mm long, 1.5 mm bro - unidentified hydroxy - aromatic acid is ad. present in T.pakistanica Qaiser and absent in T. indica Willd. (Qaiser 1976). Distribution. Probably endemic to Paki­ stan . (2). It also resembles to T. arborea (Sieb. Pakistan. Multan Dist. : Near Miranpur, ex Ehrenb.) Bge. in having papillose rachis R.N.Parker 2.21937 (K); Multan, Punjab, and epilophic disc but differs by its Edgeworth (K). — Makran Dist.: Near pseudovaginate leaves, elliptic oblong Rest House Sunstar,S. I. Ali, S. A.Faruqi petals, triangulate bracts and broader &Sultanul Abedin 1136 (KUH); 24 miles racemes. In T. arborea (Sieb. ex Ehrenb.) from Dadu on way to Larkana, S. A. Bge. the leaves are auriculate, the racemes Faruqi & M. Qaiser 2225 (KUH). -K hair- 5 mm broad,the petals trullate ovate and pur Dist.: Saline and sandy ground, near the bracts are linear triangular. police station pond, Khairpur, S. M. H. Jafri 1020_^(K). — Karachi Dist.: 12.1 (3). T. pakistanica Qaiser resemles T. 1959 Shamshad M. Naqvi (KUH); Drigh salina Dyer to some extent in having a Road, W. T. Steam 23A (K); Hawksbay, similar type of disc and broad racemes M. Qaiser & Saida Qureshi 4238 (KUH). but differs in a number o f characters — Hyderabad Dist.: Kotri, H. H. Rich (see Tab. 1, and discussions under T. 442 (K). — Thatta Dist.: Haleji Lake , salina Dyer ). Ruqqaya Islam 11.10 1956 (KUH).

(1). This interesting taxon resembles T. indica Willd. in having pseudovaginate 7. Tamarix karelinii Bge. leaves and papillose rachis but differs chiefly in having broader racemes, 5—7 Tamarix karelinii Bge., Mem. Acad. St. mm thick, more papillose rachis and Petersb. 7: 294 (1851). Tentamen 68 different type of disc, i.e. confluent (1852); Boiss., FI. Or. 1: 773 ( 1864 ); epilophic to epilophic. In T. indica Willd., Gorshk.in Shishkin & Bobrov, FI. USSR the rachis is glabrous to sparsely papillose, 15: 315 (1949). — Lectotype: Turcom- the racemes 3—4 (—5) mm thick and the ania, Ins. Qgurtschinsk, Karelin (P!); Iso. disc is mesodiscine. In the former taxon (P !,G !,K ! ). the adbasal part o f the hairs o f the seeds is much longer than in the latter (see seed T. karelinii Bge. var. densior Trautv., Bull. morphological results for details). Pollen Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. 39: 310 (1866). — grains of the two taxa are very different. Holotype: Soongaria, Schrenk V/ 66 (LE, In the former the luminae are distinct at n. v .); Iso. (K!). IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983 Tamarix in Pakistan 37

Table 1. Diversity o f T. salina Baum.

Group A (T. salina Dyer s. str.) Group B (T. pakistanica Qaiser)

Leaves semiamplexicaul. Leaves amplexicaul to pseodovaginate.

Twigs and rachis glabrous (Fig.4) Twigs and rachis densely papillose.

Racemes 6—7 mm broad. Racemes 6- -7 mm broad.

Bracts linear oblong, 3—4 (5) mm long. Bracts ovate, triangular - ovate, 1 -1 .5 mm long.

Pedicel 1 mm long. Pedicel 0.5- 1.25 mm long.

Disc epilophic to confluent epilophic. Disc epilophic to confluent epilophic.

Styles 4. Styles 3.

Seeds columnar, with distinct longitu­ Seeds ecolumnar, no ridges visible. dinal and transverse ridges on the seed coat.

Pollens with columellae inside the lu- Pollens without columellae with distinct miae, no gradation in the size o f luminae gradation in size from pole to equator. from pole to equator.

T. serotina Bge. ex Boiss., FI. Or. 1:773 salt glands, 1—2 mm long, 0.5—1 mm (1867).—Holotype: In septentume urbis broad, acute. Racemes aestival, densely Birdschand ad fontes salinas in humidis compound, 4—10 (—15) cm long, 3—4 inter Herat et Tebes, Bunge Nov. 1858 mm broad, with papillose rachis. Flowers pink to dark pink, pentamerous. Bracts ( G - BOISS! ). T. pallasii var. ramosissima Karelin,Enum 1.5—2.5 mm long, amplexicaul, lanceo­ Pl. Turcom. 335 (1839), pro syn. late, acute-acuminate, almost entire to T. hispida Willd. var. karelinii (Bge.) very finely denticulate; pedicel very short, Baum, Monog. Tamarix 58 (1966 ). c. 0.5 mm long. Sepals 5, connate at base, 0.75—1 mm long, 0.5—0.75 mm Erect shrub, 2—3 (—4) m tall, with broad, ovate, finely denticulate, outer 2 reddish brown to somewhat purplish more acutish than the inner 3. Petals 5, brown bark, glabrous or younger parts elliptic to elliptic obovate, 1.5—1.7 5 mm somewhat papillose, especially the rachis. long, c. 1 mm .broad, connivent. Stamens Leaves simple, sessile, ovate, covered with 5, exserted, filaments filiform, 1.5—1.75 38 M. Qaiser IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983 mm long,anthers cordate, oblong, shortly stachys Zoh.; Baum in Davis, FI. Turkey apiculate. Disc epilophic, somewhat 2: 350 (1967). — Lectotype: In arenosis membranous. Ovary concial, somewhat humidis Smymae, Fleischer 131, April stipitate, styles 3, ± oblong-clavate. 1827 (P!); Iso. (K!). Capsule pyramidal (4— )5—6 mm long, T. gallica L. var. pycnostachys Ledeb., FI. 1.5 — 3 mm broad. Ross. 2: 135 (1843). — Syntype: Kislar , Steven (P!). Distribution. Russia, Iran, Afghanistan T. pallasii Desv. var. macrostemon Bge., and Pakistan. 1. c. 50. — Lectotype: Ad. fl.Alasan in Pakistan. Quetta Dist.: 35 miles from Prov. Saleki, Transcauc., Kolenati 1157 Chaman, towards Quetta on roadside, (P!); Iso. (K!). S. A. Faruqi & M. Qaiser 2351, 2352, T. florida Bge. var. rosea Bge. 1. c. 38. — 2353, 2354(KUH); 3 miles from Mastung Holotype: Buhse 1349/2 (b) (P!). on way to Quetta, M. Qaiser & A. Ghafoor T. pallasii Desv. var. effusa Bge., 1. c. 4377 (KUH); Populzai Forest, Pishin, G. 51. — Holotype: Persia borealis, Kara- Watt 3972 (E); ibid., J. H. Lace 3809 baba, Szowits 1829 (P!). (K, E); near Yasin Zai, J. H. LacejOct. T. pallasii Desv. var. moldavica Bge., 1. 1855#(K). — Kalat Dist.: Mastung 29 44* c. 52. — Lectotype: In arenosis ad ripas N, 66 56' E, K. H. Rechinger 27360 (W ). fluvii Siret, Guebhard 51 (W!); Iso. (G!) . T. lessingii Presl ex Bge., 1. c. -51. — (1). This species is reported for the first Isotype: Rossia, hab. ad ripam dextrum from Pakistan. fluvii Ural, Lessing (P!). T. pallasii Desv. var. smymensis (Bge . ) (2). Baum (1966) has erroneously inclu - Boiss., Fl. Or. 1: 773 ( 1867 ). ded T. karelinii Bge. under the synony - T. pallasii Desv. var. albiflora Grint, Bull. my of T. hipida Willd. However a care­ Inf. Grad. Bot. Cluj. 5:95 (1925). — ful study o f the types of both taxa su­ Isotype: In alveo rivuli Parhova prope ggests that the two can readily be distin­ stationem viae forreae Parhova, ± 130 guished from each other. The former m. s. m., June 1923 (G!). is almost glabrous to somewhat papillose with finely denticulate sepals and mem­ A tall shrub or very small tree, 1.5 — 4 branous disc while in the latter, all parts (—5) m tall with reddish brown bark, are densely hairy and sepals irregularly entirely glabrous. Leaves lanceolate- denticulate and with a fleshy disc. ovate, sessile with somewhat narrow base, 2—3 mm long, 1—1.5 mm broad, entire, acute. Racemes aestival, com ­ 8. Tamarix smymensis Bge. pound, 1—4 cm long, 3—4 mm broad Tamarix smymensis Bge., Tentamen 53 with floral axis naked at the basal part. (1852);Baum,Monong. Tamarix 45(1966), Flowers pentamerous, pink or pinkish excl.syn.: T. hohenackeri Bge., T. bachtia- white, peduncle 0.5—1 cm long. Bracts rica Bge. ex Boise., T. florida Stev. ex triangular, amplexicaul, acute, entire, Bge., T. jordanis Boiss. ssp. xeropetala 1.75—2.25mm long, 0.5—0.75 mm broad, Gutm. and T. jordanis Boiss. ssp. brachy- pedicel 0.5—1 mm long. Sepals 5, fused IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983 Tamarix in Pakistan 39

at the base, ovate, to trullate ovate, 1 mm Other botanists like Boissier (1867) trea­ long, 0.5—0.75 mm broad, denticulate ted them as two distinct taxa and reduced especially at the apex, obtuse. Petals 5, the latter to a variety of T. pallasii Desv. orbicular-suborbicular or ovate, with Gorshkova (1949) accepted T. hohenac­ a gibbous base, connivent, 1.25—2 mm keri Bge. as a distinct species but did not long, 1 mm broad, persistent. Stamens include T. smyrnensis Bge. under its 5, filaments filiform, inserted in between synonymy. A careful examination of the lobes of the mesodiscine disc, lobes the types of both taxa suggests that not deeply emarginate, anthers cordate , they are not conspecific. T. hohenackeri not apiculate. Styles 3,somewhat clavate, Bge. can easily be distinguished from T. ovary somewhat stipitate, c. 2 mm long. smyrnensis Bge. by its lax and longer Capsule pyramidal, 4—5 mm long. racemes (6—7 cm long), which are squa- Distribution. Rumania, Bulgaria, Greece, mate at the base while in T. smyrnensis Turkey, Russia, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan Bge. the racemes are shorter, compact and Pakistan. and naked at the base.

Pakistan. Quetta Dist.: Jalgir, near Pishin, (3). Baum (1966) also included T. bach- ± 5000', Zaffar Ali 5696 (RAW, K) ; tiarica Bge. ex Boiss. under synonymy Quetta, Sariab road,± 1700 m, Jennifer of T. smyrnensis Bge. According to Lamond 915 (E, KUH); 20 km N. of Boissier (1867) the petals are deciduous. Quetta, 3rd. Danish expedition to Central The type specimen [ holotype: Ssof inter Asia, M. Koie 3097 (C); Baleli, 5700', Isfahan et Tehran, Bunge 13.5 1859 narrow valley, between less cliffs and (G — BOISS!) ] is not in fruting stage, well watered, Crookshank 482 (K); Urak, but mainly flowering, so it is very diffic - near Quetta, R. R. Stewart 650 (K); ult to decide whether the petals are deci­ Quetta, Baluchistan, James Sinclair 2779 duous or not; moreover the types ofT. (E);Baleli Nallah, M. Qaiser & A. Ghafoor bachtiarica Bge. ex Boiss. and T. hohen­ 1264, 1266, 1267, 4357, 4358 (KUH); ackeri Bge. exactly match each other. Baleli, M. Qaiser 6 (KUH); Forest Nursery (4). I have not seen the holotypes o f T. Nallah, M. Qaiser & A. Ghafoor 4348, jordanis. Boiss. ssp. xeropetala Gutm. 4351, 4352 (KUH); Meteorological de­ and T. jordanis Boiss. ssp. brachystachys partment, Barori, Sultanul Abedin 4896 Zoh., which are in (HUJ) but judging (KUH); 8 miles from Quetta on way to from the description and the detailed Ziarat, S. A. Faruqi & M. Qaiser 2355, discussion given by Zohary (1972) it is 2356 (KUH). — Kalat Dist.: Kalat, near concluded that they are not conspecific water, alt. c. 6500', S. M. H. Jafri & with T. smyrnensis Bge., contrary to the Akbar 2735 (KUH). conclusions o f Baum (1966). (1). This species is reported for the first (5). Bunge (1852) cited a number o f spe­ time from Pakistan. cimens under T. pallasii Desv. var macros- temon Bge. Most of them are present in (2). Baum (1966) treated T. hohenackeri the Paris Herbarium. All o f them are in Bge. as a synonym of T. smyrnensis Bge. agreement with Bung’s description. Kol- IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983 40 M. Qaiser enati’s specimen is selected as lectotype long. Sepals ovate or trullate ovate, as it is the best and most complete spe­ 0.75 — 1 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, with denticulate margin, inner 3 smaller, outer cimen. 2 large and acute. Petals 5, obovate or more or less unguiculate, 1.5 — 1.75 mm 9. Tamarix baluchistanica Qaiser, sp . long, 0.75 — 1 mm broad. Stamens 5, filaments filiform, 2—3 mm long, anthers nov. (Fig. 4 ) apiculate, disc confluent epilophic, inser­ Tamarix baluchistanica Qaiser, sp. nov. tion hypodiscal. Ovary stipitate, ovate, Holotype: 15 miles from Ziarat on way 1 .5 -2 mm long. Capsule pyramidal, to Quetta, M. Qaiser & A. Ghafoor 3—3.5 mm long, 1—1.5 mm broad. 1436 (KUH). Frutex 1.5 — 3(— 4) m altus, cortice Distribution. Only known from the type fusco. Rami glabri. Folia sessilia, basi locality in Pakistan. angusta, plus minusve ovata, 1.5— 2(—3) mm longa. 0.5 mm lata, acuta. Inflores- Pakistan. Quetta Dist.: 15 miles from centia composita, 3—10 cm longa, 3—4 Ziarat on way to Quetta, M. Qaiser & mm lata, rachide glabra. Flores penta- A. Ghafoor 1436, 1437 (KUH). meri, rosei. Bracteae triangulato - trulla- tae, integrae,1.5 — 1.75 mm longae,lmm (1). This is an interesting taxon which latae, acutae. Pedicelli c. 1 mm longi. resembles T. salina Dyer and T. pakistan- Sepala 5, ovata vel trullato - ovata, 0.75 ica Qaiser in having confluent epilophic — 1 mm longa, 0.5 mm lata, margine disc but differs in having much thinner inciso-denticulata,interiora tria breviora, racemes (3—4 mm broad), and smaller dua exteriora longiora, acutiora. Petala 5, petals. It is readily differentiated from T. obovata vel plus minusve unguiculata, pakistanica Qaiser by its glabrous twigs 1.5 — 1.75 mm longa, 0.75 — 1 mm lata. and columnar seeds, while the former Stamina 5; filamenta filiformia, 2 3 taxon is densely papillose and has colum­ mm longa; antherae apiculatae. Discus nar seeds. It also differs from T. salina confluens, epilophus. insertione hypodi- Dyer by its finely denticulate sepals, scali. Ovarium stipitaum, ovatum, 1.5 which are almost entire in latter taxon. 2 mm longum. Capsula pyramidata, 3 — In T. baluchistanica Qaiser the pollen 3.5 mm longa, 1—1.5 mm lata. grains are also much smaller than those of T, salina Dyer (Qaiser 1976). 1.5—3(—4) m tall shrub with brownish bark. Branches glabrous. Leaves narrow (2). T. baluchistanica Qaiser also resem­ at base, more or less ovate, 1.5 — 2(—3) bles T. mascatensis Bge. to some extent mm long, 0.5 mm broad, acute. Inflore­ in having a similar type o f disc and thin scence aestival, compound 3—10 cm racemes, but differs in having longer long, 3—4 mm broad with glabrous rachis. racemes and obovate petals. In T. mas­ Flowers pentamerous, pink. Bracts trian­ catensis Bge., the racemes are 1 — 3 cm gular-trullate,entire 1.5 — 1.75 mm long, long and the petals are ovate to elliptic 1 mm broad, acute; pedicel c. 1 mm ovate. Both taxa also differ in their IRAN. JOURN. B0T.2 (1), 1983 T n, v Tamarix in Pakistan 41

FigA. Tamarix baluchistanica. - A. Twig. - B. Leaves. - C. Part o f inflorescence. — D. Petal. — E—F. Sepals. — G. Disc. IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983 42 M. Qaiser pollen characters, the former has distinct 1. c. — Lectotype: In arenosis ad lacum columellae inside the luminae,, while in Nor — saissan, Karelin & Kirlow 718 (P!) ; the latter no columellae are visible Iso. (G!, W!), together with a specimen of (Qaiser 1976). The longitudinal ridges are T. leptostachya Bge. also elevated on the seed coat o f T. mas­ T. pallasii Desv. var. tigrensis Bge., 1. c. catensis Bge. while in /'. baluchistanica 52. — Holotype: Insulis Tigridis pr. Qaiser,the ridges are not elevated (Qaiser Mossul sparsim, 10 Sept. 1841, Kotschy 1976). 153 (453) (P!). T. gallica L. var. pallasii auct., non Desv., Dyer in Hook, f., FI. Brit. Ind. 1:248 (1874). 10. Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. 1 — 5 m tall shrub or small tree with red­ Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb., FI. Alt. 1: dish or reddish brown bark. Leaves sessile, 424 (1829), Ic. Pl., FI. Ross. 3: 17 ovate or deltoid cordate, 2—4 (—5) mm (1831); Gorshk. in Shishkin & Bobrov, long, 1_ 2 mm broad, acute, somewhat FI. USSR 15: 311 (1949); Schiman - subamplexicaul. Inflorescence aestival and Czeika in Rech. f., FI. Iranica 4:11(1964); vernal, aestival densely compound vernal Baum,Monog. Tamarix 42 (1966);Stewart simple, loose, 1 5( 7) cm long, 3 4 in Nasir & Ali, Ann. Cat. Vase. Pl. W. (- 5) mm broad, on 0 .2 -1 cm long pedu­ Pak. Kash. 490 (1972). — Holotype:Altai ncles. Bracts ovate, trullate, triangular, Desert, Songar, ad lacum Nor - saissan 1.5—2 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, acute, 1826Politow(LE, n. v.);Iso. (P!,E!, K!)p. acuminate, with denticulate margin espe­ P­ cially in their lower parts, pedicel very T. pentandra pall., FI. Ross. 2:72 (1788), small, 0.5 mm long. Flowers pentamerous. nom. illegit. — Holotype: Siberia 14a, p. Calyx 0.75-1.25 mm long, sepals 5, S. Pallas (BM!). 0.5—1 mm long, inner 3 much bro­ T. pallasii auct. sensu DC., Prodr. 3:26 ader than the outer 2, ovate, acute, irre­ (1828) et auct. plur., non Desv. (1824). gularly denticulate with somewhat scari- T. gallica L. var. micrantha Ledeb., FI. ous margin.Petals pink to pinkish purple Ross. 2:135 (1843) p. p. rarely white, obovate-elliptic to obovate, T. eversmannii Presl ex Ledeb., 1. c. — unequilateral, slightly notched at the Holotype: ad ostium Volgae, Claus (LE, apex, 1.25-1.75 mm long, 0.75-1 mm n. v. ); Iso. (P!). broad, persistent. Stamens 5, filaments T. odessana Stev. ex Bge. Tentamen 47 filiform 2 .5 -3 mm long, inserted in bet­ (1852).—Lectotype: Odessa circa salsum ween the lobes of the disc, i. e, mesodi- occidentalem in argillosis rarissima, Szo- scine disc, lobes of the disc deeply wits 146 (P!); Iso. (G!, W!). emarginate, insertion hypodiscal, anthers T. pallasii Desv. var. ramosissima (Ledeb.) obtuse. Styles 3. clavate, connivent, ovary Bge., Tentamen 52 (1852). stipitate. Capsule trigonous, 4—5 mm T. pallasii Desv. var. minutiflora Bge., 1. long, 0.75—1 mm broad, dehiscing by 3 c. 51. — Hototype: Mongoliae Desert longitudinal slits. Ghobi, Bunge s. n. 1831 (P!). Distribution. Korea, China, Mongolia, T. pallasii Desv. var. brachystachys Bge., IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983 Tamarix in Pakistan 43

Russia, Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan. ex Regel, Acta Horti Petr op. 5: 582 Pakistan. Ladakh Dist.: Khalsar, Shyok (1877); Gorshk. in Shishkin & Bobrov, valley, 10.300 ft., F. Ludlow 519 (E). FI. USSR 15:316 (1949); Baum, Monog. —Quetta Dist.: Ispling valley, A. H. Khan Tamarix 36 (1966). — Holotype: Chiwa 16.10 1950 (PFI—B), near Quetta, R. R. below Ammu-Daria and Chiwa, Korolkow Stewart 28173 (RAW); Quetta, A. H. & Krause 25.5 1873 (LE n. v.); Iso. Khan 16.10 1950 (P F I-B ), Sariab, S. of (G!, K!, W!). Quetta, K. H. Rechinger 28828, 28829 T. martana Kom., Trav. Soc. Nat. Petersb . (W); Spin Karez K. H. Rechinger 29429 26:142 (1896). — Isotype: Iskander kul , (W). alt. 7000 ped. (Zona Juniperus), 7.7 1892, Komarov (K!). (1). Pallas (1788) published this taxon T. leptostachya sensu Rusanov, Sredn. for the first time under the name T. pen- Tamariksi 58 (1949); non Bge. (1852). tandra Pall., unfortunately he included T. gallica L. as a synonym. Thus T. pen- 2—3 m tall glabrous shrub with somewhat tandra Pall, must be treated as a su­ reddish brown bark. Branches more or perfluous name for T. gallica L. less appressed. Leaves sessile, ovate to (2). The type of T. ramosissima Ledeb. ovate-oblong with somewhat narrow is mounted along with a specimen of base, 1—2(—3) mm long, 0.5—0.75 mm T. leptostachya Bge. Therefore the entire broad,acute. Racemes aestival and vernal, sheet should not be taken as type (cf. vernal simple, aestival compound, 4—15 Baum 1966). cm long, 3—4 mm broad, peduncle 0.5—2 cm long. Flowers pentamerous, pink. (3). This is a rare species in Pakistan and Bract triangulate-ovate or lanceolate, c. the specimens cited under this species by 2 mm long, 0.25 mm broad or slightly Stewart (1972) mostly fall under T. smy- more; pedicel 0.5—0.75 mm long. Sepals mensis Bge. The two taxa resemble each 5,ovate, finely denticulate, 0.75 mm long, other very much in general habit and 0.5 mm broad, outer more acutish than persistent petals, but T. ramosissima the inner.Petals 5, elliptic obovate, entire Ledeb. can readily be distinguished by c. 1 mm long, 0.5 - 0 75 mm broad. elliptic or elliptic obovate petals which Stamens 5, c. 1 mm long, filaments are not gibbous at the base and by the filiform, inserted in between the notches notches of the disc which are more of the mesodiscine disc, with hypodiscal emarginate than those o f T. smyrnensis insertion, anthers slightly apiculate.Styles Bge. In T. smyrnensis Bge. the petals are 3, short, stigmas discoid, ovary c. 1 mm ovate-orbicular, gibbous at the base long, capsule pyramidal, 3—4 mm long, and the notches of the disc are less 1—1.5 mm broad. emarginate. Distribution. Russia, Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan. 11. Tamarix korolkowii Regel & Schmalh. ex Regel Pakistan. Chitral Dist,: Chitral, Yasin Nasir 4975 (RAW); 2 miles from Tamarix korolkowii Regel & Schmalh. Chitral on way to Ayun, M. Qaiser & A. IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983 44 M. Qaiser

Ghafoor 1870,1874,1875 (KUH); village Tall shrub, 4 m high, with reddish Birir Nisar, Sultanul Abedin 8155 (KUH); brown bark. Leaves simple, alternate, Yarkhun, ± 2410 m, J. D. A. Stainton& sessile, ovate with somewhat auriculate base, 3—5 mm long, 1—1.5 mm broad, G. Woehrl 153 (W). long acuminate. Racemes lateral, vemal, (1). This species is recorded for the first 2—4 cm long c. 5 mm broad. Flowers time for Pakistan. pinkish,tetra - and pentamerous but more often tetramerous. Bracts longer than (2). Rusanov (1949) treated T. korolko- pedicel, trullate ovate, acuminate with a wii Regel & Schmalh. as a minor variant diaphanous blunt end, apex subobtuse, o f T. leptostachya Bge. The two taxa can membranous at the margin, c. 2 mm long, readily be distinguished by their different c. 1 mm broad; pedicel c. 1 mm long . type o f disc, bracts and petals. In the Sepals fused at the base, outer sepals former taxon the disc is mesodiscine,the acute, inner obtuse, ovate, denticulate, bracts almost equalling the pedicel, and membranous at the margin, c. 1.5 mm the petals erect while in the latter taxon long,l mm broad. Petals oblong, obovate, the disc is epilophic, the bracts much somewhat parabolic, 2 2.25 ( 2.5) mm longer than the pedicels and the petals long, 1 mm broad, persistent, rarely half spreading. subpersistent. Stamens 4 or 5 (depending upon tetra-or pentamerous flowers ), 3.5—4 mm long, filaments filiform , 12. Tamarix parviflora DC. confluent with the disc lobe, i. e. epilo­ phic disc, anthers 1 mm long, ovate, Tamarix parviflora DC., Prodr. 4:97 apiculate. Styles 3, somewhat club-shaped, (1828);Bge., Tentamen 32 (1852); Boiss., ovary conical. Capsule trigonous, c. 4 Fl. Or. 1:770 (1867); Baum, Monog. mm long, c. 2 mm broad. Tamarix 122 (1966). - Holotype: Cons­ tantinople s. n., 1822 Costagne 24 (G Distribution. Turkey, Greece, Yugoslavia, DC.!). Albania, Italy, Spain; introduced else­ T. laxa Willd. var. subspicata Ehrenb. in where. Linnaea 2:254 (1827). - Isotypes: T. gallica Armiro, Sieber (W!,-P!, K! ). Pakistan. Kurram Dist.: Kurram valley, T. cretica Bge., Tentamen 33 (1852). — near Parachinar Rest House, M. Qaiser Lectotype: T. gallica Sieber (W!), Iso. & Sultanul Abedin 6065—6 (KUH). — (P !,K !). . Quetta Dist.: cultivated in PAS compound, T. parviflora DC. var. cretica (Bge.) Boiss., Duthie s. n. (K). Fl. Or. 1:770 (1867). T. rubella Batt., Bull. Soc. Bot. France (1). This taxon is being reported for the 44:256 (1907). — Isotype: Battandier first time from Pakistan. It is perhaps 13547 C, Batna, April 1892 (G!). introduced. T. lucronensis Sennen & Elias, Bol. Soc. Iberica Nat. 27:133 (1928). - Isotypes: (2). Bunge (1852) established a new Herrera Bosquet d ’un ancicu monastero, species, T. cretica Bge., on the basis of 29 May 1926, Elias 4989 (G!, W!). exapiculate anthers and spreading leaves. IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983 Tamarix in Pakistan 45 A careful examination o f the type and base, first erect, later on reflexed, 2—2.5 the material available in the different mm long, 1—1.5 mm broad. Stamens 4, herbaria suggests that the variation is filaments fused with discal lobes, disc continuous in anther and leaf characters. epilophic or confluent epilophic, anthers There are a number of specimens which cordate, minutely apiculate, c. 1 mm show intermediate condition. Therefore long, filaments twice the length of the using these characters, it is very difficult anthers. Styles 4, free, ovary trigonous, to draw a line between the two taxa. 3—3.5 mm long.

Distribution. Russia, Iran, Pakistan . 13. Tamarix szovitsiana Bge. Pakistan. Quetta Dist.: Mastung, 29 44 N, tamarix szovitsiana Bge., Tentamen 26 65 56 E, K. H. Rechinger 27359 (W (1852); Boiss., FI. Or. 1:679 (1867); KUH). v ’ Parsa, Florae de l’Iran 1:1276 (1951); Baum, Monog. Tamarix 91 (1966), excl. (1). This species is recorded for the syn. T. laxa Willd. var.macranthaBge. — first time for Pakistan. Lectotype: In campo salso ad pagum Schabanli districti Khoi, Provincae Ader- (2). T. laxa Willd. var. macrantha Bge. beidschan, Persiae borealis, 27 April is regarded as a synonym o f T. szovit­ 1826, Szovits 135 (P!); Iso (G' P' W» siana Bge. by Baum (1966) but a critical K! ). ” ” ’ ’ study of the type of T. laxa Willd. var. T. ispahanica Bge. ex Boiss., FI. Or. macrantha Bge. [ syntypes: prope Lokte- 1:768 (1867). — Holotype: Persia, Ispa­ nsem, Pallas (P!, K!)] indicates that this han, Bunge May 1859 (G!); Iso. (P!). taxon is different in having bracts shorter than the pedicel and more denticulate Shrubs, (2 ) 3 7 (—8) m tall, entirely sepals. In T. szovitsiana Bge. the bracts glabrous with greyish brown bark. Leaves are much longer than the pedicel and the sessile,somewhat elliptic ovate-lanceolate, sepals are almost entire. acute with diaphanous (cartilaginous) end, 2 -2 .5 mm long, 0.5-0.75 mm broad, branches and racemes somewhat squamate 14. Tamarix tetragyna Ehrenb. var. meyeri( Boiss. ) Boiss. at the base, scales brown, ovate. Racemes lateral, vernal, 2 -4 cm long, 7 -1 0 mm Tamarix tetragyna Ehrenb. var. meyeri broad. Bracts oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, (Boiss.) Boiss., FI. Or. 1:768(1867)- finely denticulate, apex cartilaginous, Zohary, FI. Palest. 2:360 (1972). - Holo­ 2—3 mm long,l—1.25 mm broad;pedicel type: Ad more Caspium, 1829 Meyer shorter than bract, c. 2 -2 .5 mm long. 1460 ( G - BOISS!); Iso. (K!, P!) Flowers tetramerous, pink or whitish T. desertii Boiss ., Diagn. Ser. 1, 10:9 pink. Sepals ovate, finely denticulate, (1849); Zoh. in Trop. Woods 104:33 c. 1.5 mm long, c. 1 mm broad with (1956), syn. nov. — Lectotype: Desert membranous margin, outer 2 more acute Arabique terrain salsugineux, March 1844 than the inner 2. Petals broadly elliptic Husson 387 (G —BOISS!). to obovate, somewhat attenuate at the T. meyeri Bge., Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (I), 1983 46 M. Qaiser Abedin 4867 (KUH). - Sibi Dist.: 35 7:295 (1851), nom. illegit. miles from Quetta on way to Ziarat, T. tetragyna Ehrenb. var. desertii(Boiss.) Sultanul Abedin 4781 (KUH). - Chagai Zohary, FI. Palest. 2:360 (1972). Dist.: A flooded lake on Quetta river, S. 2—5 m tall shrub with reddish brown W. of Nushki, large bushy shrub, 8 ft., bark, glabrous. Leaves alternate, sessile, flowers somewhat pinkish, Crookshank ovate to oblong-ovate with somewhat 54 (K). narrow base, entire, 2 5 mm long, 1—1.5 mm broad with a diaphanous, (1). This taxon is recorded for the first blunt or acutish end. Inflorescence ver - time for Pakistan. nal, racemes 3—9 cm long, 5 — 8 mm (2). A critical study of the holotype of broad, peduncle naked for a considerable T. meyeri Boiss. and the isotype of distance, but somewhat squamate at the T. tetragyna Ehrenb. (Ehrenberg, ad San, base. Flowers mostly tetramerous , June 1821, K!; unfortunately the holo­ rarely pentamerous in the same raceme. type of I', tetragyna Ehrenb. was des­ Bracts broadly linear to somewhat obtr- troyed during Second World War ) ullate, slightly denticulate at the margin, reveals that the former taxon does not usually ending, in somewhat blunt end, deserve more than a varietal rank and 2—5 mm long, 1—1.25 mm broad , there is no justification in keeping them pedicel much shorter than the bract, as two distinct species. The two taxa 0.75—1 mm long. Sepals 4(—5), united differ in the length of raceme. In the at the base, 2 mm long, 1—1.25 mm type variety, var. tetragyna, the flowers broad, inner somewhat smaller, obtusish, are mostly pentamerous, while in var. subentire, outer somewhat larger, more meyeri (Boiss.) Boiss. they are mostly acutish and finely denticulate. Petals tetramerous. Moreover both varieties 4(—5), obovate-elliptic, 2—3 mm long, intergrade with each other to some 1.25—1.75 m m broad, entire, very slightly extent. Boissier (1849) was also aware retuse at the tip, deciduous. Stamens 4 of the close relationship of T. tetragyna (—5), filaments filiform, c. 1.5 mm long, Ehrenb. and T. meyeri Boiss. Later anthers cordate, obtuse or minutely (1867) he himself reduced the latter apiculate, disc confluent epilophic with taxon as variety under T. tetragyna hypodiscal insertion. Ovary somewhat Ehrenb. stipitate, conical to bottle-shaped. Styles 4, somewhat clavate to spathulate. Cap­ (3). T. desertii Boiss. is generally consi­ sule pyramidal, c. 6 mm long. dered to be conspecific with T. tetragyna Ehrenb. by botanists such as Bunge Distribution. Extending from eastern (1852) and Baum (1966). Even Boissier Mediterranean to the Saharo-Arabian in ‘ Flora Orientalis’ (1867) reduced it region, including southern Russia, Jor­ to a synonym of T. tetragyna Ehrenb. dan, Egypt, Israel, Lebanon, Iran, Afgha­ Zohary (1972) treated T. desertii Boiss. nistan and Pakistan. as a variety under T. tetragyna Ehrenb. A careful examination of the type and Pakistan. Quetta Dist.: 38 miles from the material available in different herbaria Quetta on way to Chaman, Sultanul IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983 Tamarix in Pakistan 47

shows that it has predominately tetrame- ticulate with scarious margins. Petals free, rous flowers and exapiculate to apiculate obovate, elliptic, rarely elliptic ovate,1— anthers, hence it should not be treated 1.5 mm long, 0.75 mm broad. Stamens 4, as a synonym of T. tetragyna Ehrenb. filaments filiform, 1.5 mm long, confluent var. tetragyna. As T. desertii Boiss. is with the discal lobes, disc confluent epilo- in no way different from T. meyeri phic to epilophic; anthers cordate, some­ Boiss., it is here treated as a synonym what apiculate, insertion peridiscal. Styles of T. tetragyna Ehrenb. var. meyeri 3, clavate, ovary stipitate, c. 2 mm long. (Boiss.) Boiss. Capsule 4—5 mm long, c. 1 mm broad. Distribution. Russia, Iran, Afghanistan 15. Tamarix androssowii Litw. var . and pakistan. androssowii (Fig. 5 A —H) Pakistan. Quetta Dist.: Quetta - Chaman, Tamarix androssowii Litw., Sched. Herb. between Sarana and Qila Abdullah, c. Fl. Ross. 5:41 (1905); Groshk. in Bot. 70 km from Quetta, ± 1400 m, Jennifer Mat. Gerb. Bot. Inst. SSSR, VII (4):79 Lamond 1024 (KUH, E); ibid., K. H. (1938); in Shishkin & Bobrov, Fl. USSR Rechinger 29868 (W); Spin Karez, near 15:300 (1949); Baum, Monog. Tamarix Quetta, 1800—1900 m, Jennifer Lamond 118 (1966); Stewart in Nasir & Ali, Ann. 1146 (KUH, E); 20 km S. W. of Quetta, Cat. Vase. PI. W. Pak. Kash. 490 (1972). K. H. Rechinger 27261 (W); Jangle Bagh, — Holotype: Turkistania, dominium Sariab, collector unknown, 15.3 1953 Buchara, in locis arenoso-salsis pr. pag. (RAW); 14 miles from Quetta on way Farab, ad fl. Amu-Darya, 1.3 1903 to Ziarat, Sultanul Abedin 4670, 4671 Androssow 1317 (LE n. v.); Iso. (G!). (KUH); Beeloochist"- (Baluchistan), J. E. Stocks 1851 (K); ibid., Ginghin 1226 A shrubby tree, 2—5 m tall with brownish (K); 35 miles from Ziarat on way to to reddish brown bark, glabrous. Leaves Quetta, Sultanul Abedin 4779 (KUH). ovate to oblong ovate, sessile, subamplex- — Kalat Dist.: Mastung, R. R. Stewart icaul,narrowly scariously margined,acute, 814 (K). 1—2 (—2.5) mm long, c. 0.5 mm broad. Racemes usually vernal, simple, lateral, loose, 1.5—4 cm long, 3—4 (—5) mm 16. Tamarix androssowii Litw. var. broad; peduncle 0.5—1 cm long, sparsely transcaucasica (Bge.) Qaiser, comb. nov. covered with bract-like scales at the base. (Fig. 5, I—M). Bracts 1 mm long, 0.5 mm broad , upper bract slightly larger, boat-shaped, Tamarix androssowii Litw. var. transcau - diaphanous, acute, somewhat denticulate casica (Bge.) Qaiser, comb. nov. at the margin; pedicel 1—1.25 (—1.5) — Holotype: Persia, Distr. Khoy, Provin­ mm long, Flowers tetramero'us, white. ce Aderbeidjan, Szovits 137 (LE n. v.); Sepals 1—1.25(—1.5) mm long, 0.5—0.75 Iso. (P!, BM!, K!). mm broad, ovate to trullate ovate, the T. laxa Willd. var. transcaucasica Bge., outer 2 fused at base and somewhat keel­ Tentamen 35 (1852). ed, obtuse, inner 2 acute,more or less den­ T. laxa Willd. var. parviflora Litw., Sched. 48 M. Qaiser IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983

Herb. Fl. Ross . 5:79 (1905). 1.25—2 mm long petals, epilophic disc, — Holotype: Turkestania, dominatio ad while in T. laxa Willd. the racemes are fluv. Amu-Darya pr. Farab,6 April 1900 6—8 mm broad, the petals 2.5—3 mm (flowering), 1 May 1900 (fruiting), And- long and the disc is mesodiscine. rossow 1418 (LE n. v.); Iso. (B!, G!). T. litwinowii Gorshk.,Sched.Pl. Herb. Fl . (3). T. androssowii Litw. var. transcauca­ SSR10(61—64): 24 (1936). - Holotype:In sica (Bge.) Qaiser differs from var. andro­ arenosis pr. pag. Farab, 23 April 1903, An- ssowii in minute characters only, i. e. in drossow 3048 (LE n. v.); Iso. (BM!, G!, K!, having somewhat umbel-like structure W!). formed at the apex o f each raceme and somewhat longer bracts, while on the 2—3 m tall shrub with brown to reddish other hand both varieties resemble each brown bark.Leaves ovate - oblong acute, other in all other morphological charac­ 1—2 mm long, 0.5 mm broad. Racemes ters, such as length and breadth of race­ 0.5—4 cm long, 2—4 mm broad, fasci­ mes, tetramerous flowers, epilophic disc. culate at the apex,i. e. forming an umbel­ Moreover the pollen grains of both varie­ like structure with 2—4 flowers. Pedicel ties have elevated muri and no difference 0.75—1.5 mm long; bracts ovate lanceo­ was found in phenolic constituents of late, 0.75—2 mm long, 0.25—0.75 mm the taxa (Qaiser 1976). Therefore var. broad. Flowers tetramerous, calyx lobes transcaucasica (Bge.) Qaiser is best retai­ ovate or triangulate ovate, 0.75—1.25 ned under T. androssowii Litw. The mm long, 0.5—0.75 mm broad, finely varieties seem to intergrade with each denticulate, acute. Petals oblong, 1.25—2 other. mm long, 0.5—1 mm broad. Stamens 4, filaments confluent with the discal lobes, (4). Gorshkova (1936) raised T. laxa 3—3.5 mm long, anthers short, obtuse. Willd. var. parviflora Litw. to T. litwin­ Ovary oblong ovate, c. 3 mm long, st­ owii Gorshk. and cited the former as a yles 4, short. synonym. A critical study of the types of both taxa revealed that they are to Distribution. Russia, Iran and Pakistan. be included in T. androssowii Litw. var. transcaucasica (Bge.) Qaiser. Pakistan. Quetta Dist.: Quetta, J. F. Duthie 8622 (K). 17. Tamarix kotschyi Bge. (1). This taxon is reported for the first time from Pakistan. Tamarix kotschyi Bge., Tentamen 30 (1852); Boiss., Fl. Or. 1:770 (1867); (2). Bunge (1852) described T. laxa Gorshk. in Shishkin & Bobrov, Fl. Willd. var. transcaucasica Bge. but a USSR 15:301 (1949); Parsa, Flore de careful study of the isotype of this taxon l’lran 1(1):1277 (1951); Baum, Monog. suggests its close relationship to T. andro­ Tamarix 120 (1966), excl. syn. T. lepto- ssowii Litw. and not to T. laxa Willd. It petala Bge. — Lectotype: Ad rivulos in can easily be differentiated from the montibus prope pagum Gere inter Abus- latter by the 3—5 mm broad racemes, chir et Shiras, 24 March 1842, Kotschy IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983 Tamarix in Pakistan 49

Fig.5. Tamarix androssowii var. androssowii. — A. Twig. — B. Part o f raceme. - C. Leaves. — D. Petal. — E—F. Sepals. — G. Disc. — H. Bract. — T. androssowii var . transcaucasica. — I. Raceme. — J—K. Sepals. — L. Petals. — M. Disc. 50 M. Qaiser IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983

100 (P!); Iso. (G!,K!). Pakistan. Quetta Dist.: Surkhab valley, T. tetrandra Pall. var. parviflora Boiss. ex Baluchistan, Lace 3711 (E). — Kalat Bge., 1. c., pro syn. T. laxa Willd. var . Dist.: Mastung, M. A. Farooqi 12.4 araratica Bge., 1. c. 35. — Lectotype: Am 1971 (KUH). — Sibi Dist.: 35 miles from Araxes Ufer, 21.4 1847, Buhse 114 (P!) ; Ziarat on way to Quetta, Sultanul Abedin Iso.: (K!). 4780 (KUH); Kach, between Ziarat and T. kotschyi Bge. var. rosea Litw., Trav. Quetta, Jafri & Akbar 2411 (KUH). Mus. Bot. Acad. Imp. St. Petersb. 3:112 (1). This species is closely related to (1907). T. androssowii Litw. but can readily be T. araratica (Bge.) Gorshk., Soviet. Bot . distinguished from both its varieties by 4:118 (1936). its bracts which are longer than the pedicel. In T. androssowii Litw. the A medium-sized shrub, c. 2 m tall with bracts are shorter than the pedicel. greyish brown to deep purplish brown bark, almost glabrous, younger parts (2). Baum (1966) erroneously included very minutely papillose. Leaves sessile, T. lep tope tala Bge. under the synonymy broadly ovate, 1—2 mm long, c. 1 mm o f T. kotschyi Bge. (for details see broad, acute with scarious white margins, discussion under T. mascatensis Bge.). the younger leaves somewhat amplexicaul. Racemes vernal and aestival, vernal si­ (3). I have not seen the holotype of mple, aestival compound, 1—4 cm long, T. kotschyi Bge. var. rosea Litw. ( in 3—4 mm broad; peduncle densely cover­ Leningrad) but judging from the descrip­ ed with somewhat ovate-lanceolate, acut­ tion the identity with T. kotschyi is ish scales. Bracts 1.25—1.5 (—2) mm beyond question. long, membranous, diaphanous, ovate or somewhat ovate lanceolate, boat-shaped, 18 Tamarix dioica Roxb. ex Roth ending in a blunt point; pedicel 0.75— 1.25 mm long. Flowers tetramerous, Tamarix dioica Roxb. ex Roth, Nov. Pl. pinkish or white. Sepals broadly ovate , Ind. Or. 185 (1821); Bge., Tentamen 75 0.75—1 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, with (1852); Dyer in Hook, f., FI. Brit. Ind. denticulate margin, the outer 2 more 1:249 (1874); Talbot, For. FI. Bomb. acute than the inner ones. Petals elliptic Pres. Sind 1:85 (1911); Cooke, FI. Pres. obovate, (1.75— )2—2.25 mm long,l mm Bomb. 1:75 (1958, repr. ed.); Schiman- broad,obtuse, caducous. Stamens 4, fila­ Czeika in Rech. f., FI. Iranica 4:(1964); ments c. 2 mm long with obtuse anthers, Baum, Monog. Tamarix 80 (1966). — confluent with the dilated lobes of the Neotype: Wallich No. 3756 B,Gualpooren disc (epilophic). Styles 3, obovate, (K—W!); Iso. (BM!). connivent, ovary conical, c. 1 mm long. T. dioica Roxb., Hort. Beng. 22 (1814) , Capsule pyramidal, 2.5—4 mm long, nom. njid. 1.5 mm broad. T. longe-pedunculata Blatt. & Hallb. in J. Ind. Bot. 1:86 (1919). Distribution. Russia, Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan. Shrub or very small tree with reddish IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983 Tamarix in Pakistan 51

bark, entirely glabrous Leaves vaginate , Muzaffarabad Dist.: Lei, Multan, 36 abruptly acuminate, 1.5—3 mm long, without collector (E). — Multan Dist.: with a broad whitish margin. Plants Multan, Edgeworth 3011 (K). — Mian- dioecious. Racemes aestival, simple or wali Dist.: 4 miles from Kalabagh on way loosely compound, male racemes 3—8 to Bannu, Sultanul Abedin & M. Qaiser cm long, 7—8 mm broad, compact, female 9312, 9313 (KUH). - Lahore Dist.: raceme as long as or somewhat longer Lahore, Cleghorn 1896 (E); ibid., T. than the male raceme, 3—5 mm broad. Thomson 1896 (K); Lahore Forest Div., Flowers pentamerous, purple or purplish collector unknown (E); Ravi Bank , pink, subsessile. Bracts semiamplexicaul, Lahore, R. R. Stewart 15366 (RAW). — triangular, acuminate, 2.5—3 mm long, 1 Jhang Dist.: c. 4 miles from Chauk Munda mm broad. Sepals 5, ovate to broadly on way to Rangpur (D. I.Khan—Jhang ovate or somewhat orbicular, c. 2 mm Road), M. Qaiser 2578 (KUH). - Sibi long, c. 1.5 mm broad, almost entire, Dist.: Sibi, J. H. Lace 3384 (E). — obtuse. Petals 5, free, obovate, 2.5 Makran Dist.: 19 miles from Mand on mm long, 1—1.25 mm broad, entire, way to Turbat, S. I. Ali, S. A. Faruqi & obtuse. Stamens 5, filaments filiform, Sultanul Abedin 1978 (KUH); 13 miles 1.75—2 mm long, inserted in between from Hoshab on way to Turbat, S. I . the notches of the disc (mesodiscine Ali, Sultanul Abedin & S. A. Faruqi disc), notches almost entire to slightly 1479 (KUH); coast o f Baluchistan, G. emarginate, anthers obtuse, ± sagittate ; Pierce 11/80 (K); Bakra, Baluchistan, stamens abortive in the female flowers. J. H. Lace 3384 (K); near Panjgur,±900 Styles 3, as long as the ovary or slightly m, stony hills and wadis, G. Popov shorter, exserted, ovary triquetrous 1—1.5 115 (BM). - Sukkur Dist.: 30 km N. W. mm long, abortive or absent in male of Sukkur, by swamp, with red flowers, flowers. J. S. Anderson & Peterson 481 (C, W, E). — Lasbella Dist.: On way to Sona Pass Distribution. Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan, from Karachi, Manzoor A. Zaidi 150 India, Nepal, Bangla Desh and Burma. (KUH); 3 1/2 miles from Lasbella on Pakistan. Peshawar Dist.: Common by way to Jhaljhao, Sultanul Abedin & M. the stream o f Peshawar, where soil saline, Qaiser 7489 (KUH); Lasbella, S. I. Ali, Stewart 227/8 (K); ibid., Harold Deane S. A. Faruqi & Sultanul Abedin 1423 (K); Naushera, N. W. Province, S. M. (KUH); 1 mile from Bella on way to Toppin 2010, 2011 (K); Malakand, a Khuzdar, M. Qaiser & A. Ghafoor 1143, shrub or small tree, S. M. Toppin 2013 1144 (KUH); 10 miles from Bella on way (K); Charsadda near Neguman bridge, to Uthal, M. Qaiser & A. Ghafoor 1144A B. L. Burtt B—975 (E); Punjab, T. (KUH); 45 1/2 miles from Bella on way Thomson s. n. (BM, C); ibid., Falconer to Karachi, Sultanul Abedin & M. Qaiser 269 (K). — Rawalpindi Dist.: J. E. Ait- 7414, 7415 (KUH, E); near river Bella, chison 340 (K); Ayub Park, M. A. Siddi- Sultanul Abedin & M. Qaiser 7448, 7455 qui 1502 (RAW). - Zhob Dist.: 4­ (KUH). — Karachi Dist.: Karachi Univer­ 6000 , J. F. Duthie 15.5 1896 (C) ; sity Campus, Abrar Hussain 1.7 1974 ibid., Harsukh 20486 (RAW, K). — (KUH). - Dadu Dist.: Khadeji Fall, S. 52 M. Qaiser IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983

I. Ali 9.5 1964 (KUH). - Thatta Dist.: communication) o f St. Xavier College, Haleji Lake, M. Qaiser 4278 (KUH). Bombay, the type is not traceable but a critical study of the large number of (1). This taxon is generally attributed specimens from many herbaria suggests to Roxburgh, but his T. dioica was that the variation in peduncle length and simply a nomen nudum. Roth (1821) sepals shape from ovate to orbicular is validated Tamarix dioica Roxb. ex Roth, continuous. Therefore, it is not possible but his actual description was based upon to segregate a taxon on the basis o f these the specimen supplied by Heyne from characters. India Orientalis as indicated by him (Nov. PI. Or. 1821). According toBu- chenau(1868) and Stafleu (1967),Roth’s 19 . Tamarix sultanii Qaiser, sp. nov.(Fig. herbarium was in Oldenburg, and was 6 ) later on acquired by Berlin and finally Tamarix sultanii Qaiser, sp. nov. — Holo­ destroyed in Second World War. There type: Pakistan, 10 miles from Keti Bunder is no indication whether Roth has seen on way to Gharo, Sultanul Abedin, M. Roxburg’s specimen or not. Qaiser & A. Ghafoor 9410 (KUH). Baum (1966) selected the holotype of T. dioica Roxb. ex Roth from BM Frutex 1.5—3 m altus, cortice fusca. (Roxburgh, T. dioica 6 et 9, BM; duplica­ Rami glabri. Folia vaginantia, apice brevi- te in K). According to R. Smith of Kew ter spinosa, 1—2 mm longa. Inflorescenti- (personal communication) the handwri­ ae aestivales; racemi laxi, 5—10 mm ting on this sheet is most probably not longi, 8 mm lati, rachide glabra. Flores of Roxburgh and it is not confirmed, pentameri,rosei. Bracteae c. 1 mm longae, whether Roxburgh had seen this specimen 0.5—0.75 mm latae, trullato-ovatae, sub- or not. Therefore selction of such a amplexicaules, crenato-denticulatae. Pedi- doubtful specimen as a holotype is not celli 1.25—1.5 mm longi. Sepala 1.75— 2 mm longa, 1 mm lata; duo exteriora justified. oblongo-ovata, obtuse, praecipue apicem The author has tried to search the versus subtiliter denticulata; tria interiora specimens collected by Heyne from trullato-ovata, obtusa, denticulata. Petala India in Kew, BM, W, P, G, B and C, 5, elliptico-oblongo-obovata, apice cunea- but all in vain. In the absence of any authentic type material, specimen from ta, 3 mm longa, 1.5—1.75 mm lata. Sta­ Wallich’s herbarium 3756B is therefore mina 5, 2 mm longa; filamenta 1 mm selected as neotype until authentic mater­ longa, antherae oblongae, nec apiculatae; ial is traced. discus confluens epilophus-mesodiscinus, insertione peridiscali. Styli 3, plus (2). Blatter & Hallberg (1919) described minusve claviformes. Ovarium stipitatum, a species, T. longe-pedunculata Blatt. & ovatum, 1.5 mm longum; capsula pyra- Hallb., from Baluchistan distinguished midata, 4—6 mm longa, 2 mm lata. from T. dioica Roxb. ex Roth by its longer peduncle and somewhat orbicular Shrub 1.5—3 m tall with brownish bark, sepals. glabrous. Leaves vaginate ending abruptly According to P. V. Bole ( personal in a short spine, 1—2 mm long. Racemes IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983 Tamarix in Pakistan 53

Fig. 6. Tamarix sultanii. — A. Twig. — B. Leaves. — C. Leaf. — D. Part o f raceme — E. Flowers. — F. Petal. — G—H. Sepals. — I. Disc. 54 M. Qaiser IRAN. JOURN. EOT. 2 (1), 1983 aestival, lax, 5—10 mm long, 8 mm and a different type of disc. In T. broad, entirely glabrous. Flowers penta­ aphylla (L.) Karst, and T. kermanensis merous, pink. Bracts c. 1 mm long, Baum, the racemes, are 4—6 mm broad 0.5—0.75 mm broad, trullate ovate, and discs are mesodiscine and epilophic , subamplexicaul, crenate-denticulate; ped­ respectively. The beaded ridges on the icel 1.25—1.5 mm long. Sepals 1.75—2 seed coat of T. sultanii Qaiser are also mm long, 1 mm broad, outer 2 oblong- absent from both these species (Qaiser ovate, obtuse, finely denticulate, especia­ 1976). lly towards the apex, inner 3 ovate, obtu­ se, denticulate. Petals 5, elliptic oblong- 20. Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst. obovate, cuneate at the apex, 3 mm long, 1.5—1.75 mm broad. Stamens 5, 2 Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst., Deutsche FI. mm long before anthesis, filaments 1 641 (1882); Schiman-Czeika in Rech. mm long, anthers oblong, not apiculate, f., FI. Iranica 4:13 (1964); Baum, Monog. disc confluent epilophic-mesodiscine, in­ Tamarix 75 (1966); Stewart in Nasir & sertion peridiscal. Styles 3,±clavate,ovary Ali, Ann. Cat. Vase. PI. W. Pak. Kash. stipitate, ovate, 1.5 mm long, capsule 489 (1972); Zohary, FI. Palest: 2:359 pyramidal, 4—6 mm long, 2 mm broad. (1972). — Holotype: Egypt 1136/ 3 (LINN!). Thuja aphylla L., Cent. Plant . Distribution. Known only from Lower 32 (1755) p. p., Amon, Acad. 4:295 Sind. (1759), excl. syn. Shaw, Cat. PI. Afr. Pakistan, Thatta Dist.: 11 miles from 188 f. 188 (1738). Keti Bunder on way to Gharo, Sultanul Tamarix orientalis Forssk., FI. Aegypt. Abedin & M. Qaiser 4131 (KUH); Goth - Arab. 206 (1775). — Lectotype: Kahirae Dorian near Gharo, Sultanul Abedin hortensis Forsskal ( C - FORSSK ! ). 4139 (KUH). T. articulata Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2:48 (1791); Bge., Tentamen 73 (1852); Dyer (1). This interesting taxon resembles in Hook. f„ FI. Brit. Ind. 1:249 (1874), much T. strict a Boiss. in its general nom. illegit. — Lectotype: same as that habit, inflorescence and vaginate leaves o f T. orientalis Forssk. but differs in having constantly 5 stamens, T. aphylla (L.) Lanza, Boll. R. Orto Bot confluent epilophic-mesodiscine disc, dis­ Palermo 8:82 (1909). tinct columellae inside the luminae of T. aphylla (L.) Warb., Beitr. Kent. Sinai pollen grains and beaded ridges on the 139 (1929). seed coat.T. stricta Boiss. has 10 stamens, epilophic disc, no columellae inside the Tree or tall shrub, up to 12 m high luminae o f pollen grains and ridges on with reddish brown to grey bark, entirely the seed coat not beaded (Qaiser 1976). glabrous. Leaves vaginate, abruptly muc- ronate, 1.5—2(—3) mm long, hoary due (2). T. sultanii Qaiser also resembles to the salt deposition from the impressed T. aphylla (L.) Karst, and T. kermanensis punctate glands. Racemes mostly aestival, Baum in having vaginate leaves but differs simple or compound, 2—6 cm long, (2—) in having broader (8 mm broad) racemes 3—4 (—5) mm broad, spirally curved. IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983 Tamarix in Pakistan 55

Flowers pentamerous,bisexual, subsessile, way to Rawalpindi, S. A. Faruqi & M. pinkish white, pedicel less than 1 mm Qaiser 2901 (KUH). — Peshawar Dist.: long. Bracts vaginate, ovate, acuminate, Peshawar, Schlagintweit 2585 (BM); Nau- 1.25—1.5 mm long, 0.5 mm broad.Sepals shera, S. M. Toppin 2012, 2013 (K); 5, free, 1.5 mm long, c. 1 mm broad, Cherat, near Pubbi, B. L. Burtt B-995 almost entire, obtuse, broadly ovate to (E). — Jhelum Dist.: c. 1000 m, ad elliptic, outer 2 somewhat smaller than radices mt. Salim in Jhelum prope Sali­ the inner 3. Petals 5, elliptic oblong to mas, Kheora, J. R. Drummond 14641 obovate, 2—2.5 mm long, 1 mm broad. (K). — Rawalpindi Dist.: Rawalpindi, R. Stamens 5, filaments filiform, 2 mm P. Cult 341 (K). — Quetta Dist.: Ranikhet long,anthers cordate,somewhat apiculate. Quetta, M. Konieczny 7 May 1958 Disc deeply 5-lobed, filaments inserted in (KUH). — Zhob Dist.: 40 miles from between the lobes of the disc (mesodisci- Fort Sandeman on way to Quetta, M. ne), insertion peridiscal. Stigmas 3 or Qaiser & A. Ghafoor 1564 (KUH). — 4, discoid, styles half as long as the ovary, Lorali Dist.: Gambaz, M. Qaiser & A. ovary conical, 1.75—2 mm long. Capsule Ghafoor 1518 (KUH). - Multan Dist.: pyramidal, rounded at the tip,2.5—3.5 Multan, Edgeworth (K). — Dera Ismail mm long, c. 1.5 mm broad. Khan Dist.: 3 miles from Duggi on way to D. I. Khan, M. Qaiser & A. Ghafoor Distribution. Africa (Morocco, Algeria , 1168 (KUH); 4 miles from Draban on Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Senegal, Sudan, way to D. I. Khan, M. Qaiser & A.Ghafoor Ethiopia, Erithrea, Somaliland, Kenya), 1606 (KUH). — Mianwali Dist.: About Middle East (Israel, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, 12 miles from Kushab on way to Yemen, Iraq, Kuwait, Iran), Pakistan, Sargodha, M. Qaiser 2728—2730 (KUH); India, and Afghanistan. Chunnian, Sultanul Abedin 7561—7563 Pakistan. Swat Dist.: 27 miles from Pir (KUH). — Sahiwal Dist.: 8 miles from Baba on way to Saidu, Sultanul Abedin Mian Chunu on way to Sahiwal, Sultanul 8539 (KUH). - Kohat Dist.: 5 miles Abedin & M. Qaiser 9537 (KUH); Pak from Kohat on way to Bannu, Sultanul Pattan, Griffith 965 (K). — Jhang Dist.: Abedin & M. Qaiser 9291, 9293, 9294 About 10 miles from Rangpur on way to (KUH); 10 miles from Khushhal Garh on Jhang, M. Qaiser 2580 (KUH); 20 miles way to Kohat, Sultanul Abedin & M. from Rangpur on way to Jhang, M. Qaiser 9286 (KUH). — Bannu Dist.: About Qaiser 2583, 2584 (KUH). — Lahore 30 miles from Bannu on way to D. I.Khan, Dist.: About 7 miles from Pattoki on M. Qaiser & A. Ghafoor 1621 (KUH); way to Lahore, M. Qaiser 3555 (KUH); 5 miles from Bannu on way to Kohat, Lahore, Cleghorn 1896 (E); Lahore, M. Qaiser & A. Ghafoor 1622 (KUH). — road-side tree, A. P. Young, 26 July Campbellpur Dist.: 1 mile from Chakwal 1888 (BM); Lahore Division, Forest Dept., on way to Choa Saidan Shah, S. A. Faras (E); Changa Manga, Lahore, J. S. Faruqi & M. Quaiser 2889, 2891 (KUH); Gamble 22494 (K); ibid., S. B. Akhtar 25 miles from Jand on way to Rawal­ August 1956 (PFI-B); ibid., R. N. Parker pindi, Sultanul Abedin & M. Qaiser April 1925 (K); about 4 miles from 9284 (KUH); 9 miles from Chakwal on Pattoki on way to Multan, M. Qaiser 56 M. Qaiser IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983

3583 (KUH); Pirawala, Ishtiaq Hussain, Hyderabad, near G. M. Barrage, M. Qaiser, July 1954 (PFI-B). - Chagai Dist.: 20 Asad Raza & Abrar Hussain 602 (KUH). miles from Duki on way to Yetabad, M. (1). In the Linnaean herbarium (LINN), Qaiser & A. Ghafoor 1516 (KUH).—Sibi there is a sterile specimen o f Tamarix Dist.: About 4 miles from Sibi on way to aphylla (L.) Karst, labelled Thuja aphylla Quetta, M. Qaiser 2243, 2244 (KUH); in the handwriting o f Linnaeus, bearing Sibi, J. H. Lace 1889 (E); ibid., J. H. the number 1136.3, collected by Hassel- Lace 2.1 1889 (E). — Jacobabad Dist.: quist from Egypt. This specimen is Kashmore, Sind, C. Ritchie 1850 (E). — Bahawalpur Dist. : Sahiwala, 45 miles regarded as the holotype o f Thuja aphylla away from Bahawalpur, S. Manzoor L. by the students of Tamarix such as Ashraf Zaidi 151 (KUH). - Dadu Dist.: Hunt (1963) and Baum (1966) due to Budhapur at Manghand, K. H. Rechinger the handwriting o f Linnaeus. 28666 (W); 15 km S. of Sehwan, K. H. Linnaeus actually misidentified the Rechinger 28699(W); about 1 mile from sterile Tamarix species as a conifer, Sann on way to Sehwa.ii, S. A. Faruqi & earlier described by Shaw [Cat. PI. Afr. M. Qaiser 2188, 2189 (KUH). - Kalat 185, F. 188 (1738) ]. After going Dist.: Health Centre Khuzdar, M. Qaiser through the original protologue of Linnac & A. Ghafoor 1201 (KUH); 15 miles from eus, it is noteworthy that the first two Wadh on way to Porali and Bella, M. words, i. e. “ Frondes filiformes” are Qaiser & A. Ghafoor 1168 (KUH). — taken from Shaw and the remaining Nawabshah Dist.:64 miles from Khairpur description is strictly applicable to Tama­ on way to Nawabshah, M. Qaiser & A. rix and in the end he states “ fructum non Ghafoor 3618, 3619 (KUH). - Khairpur vidi” . Therefore his identification with Shaw’s Cupressus is erroneous. Vahl Dist.: Khairpur, Upper Sind, Ritchie (1791) pointed out the mistake o f Linn­ March 1937 (E); 2 1/2 miles away, near aeus and transferred his Thuja aphylla to rice field and water, Khairpur, S. M. H. Tamarix and named it Tamarix articulata Jafri 2417 (K). — Lasbella Dist.: 1 mile Vahl but also included T. orientalis from Uthal on way to Karachi, 10—11 ft., Forssk. in the synonymy, thus making M. Qaiser, Asad Raza & Abrar Hussain the new name illegitimate. 712 (KUH); 42 miles from Bella on way to Karachi, Sultanul Abedin & M. Qaiser (2). In Copenhagen (Forsskal’s Herbarium) 7507 (KUH); Qasim Garden, Bella, there are five sheets of T. orient alis Sultanul Abedin & M.Qaiser 7434, 7435, Forssk. all belonging to the type collec­ 7436 (KUH, E);near Bella river, Sultanul tion and on the back of each sheet Abedin & M. Qaiser 7447 (KUH); 15 T. articulata is written in Vahl’s hand­ miles from Bella on way to A waran, writing. One sheet bears the label of Sultanul Abedin & M. Qaiser 7458 (KUH); Kahirae hortensis, this sheet is selected as 3 miles from Bella on way to Khuzdar,M. lectotype for T. orientalis Forssk. and T. Qaiser 1146, 1147 (KUH). - Karachi articulata Vahl. Dist.: Karachi, A. R. Beg 25705 (K).— Hyderabad Dist.: Ranipur, M. Qasier & (3). This is our largest and most common A. Ghafoor 3615 (KUH); 6 miles from species, often planted as a roadside tree. IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983 Tamarix in Pakistan 57

The bark and irregularly rounded galls anthers exapiculate, cordate, exserted, (Sakun in Sindhi) are used in tanning. disc confluent epilophic. Styles 3, oblong, ovary ovate, 2—2.5 mm long.

Distribution. Known from Sind only. 21. Tamarix alii Qaiser, sp. nov.(Fig. 7) Pakistan. Thatta Dist.: Gujjo, Jam Branch, Tamarix alii Qaiser, sp. nov. — Holotype: M. Qaiser & M. Saleem 4292 (KUH). Pakistan. Near Saren Lake, M. Qaiser, A. — Tharparker Dist.: Near Saren Lake, S. I Ghafoor & Abrar Hussain 3737 (KUH). Ali, S. A. Faruqi & Sultanul Abedin 3738 (KUH); Jatrai, Ranger’s Post, M. Frutex 1—2.5(—3) m altus. Cortex rubro- Qaiser, A. Ghafoor & Abrar Hussain fuscus. Rami glabri. Folia vaginantia, 2 3891, 3896 (KUH); Virava, Nagar Parker mm longa, apice breviter spinosa. Inflo- Road, M. Qaiser, A. Ghafoor & Abrar rescentiae aestivales, compositae, laxae, Hussain 4148 (KUH). 2.5—9 cm longae, 5—7 mm latae, rachide glabra. Flores pentameri, rosei. Bracteae (1). This interesting taxon resembles c. 1.5 mm longae, c. 1 mm latae, subam- much T. sultanii Qaiser in having vaginate plexicaules vel amplexicaules, ovatae vel leaves and broad racemes but differs by triangulari-ovatae. Pedicelli 1 mm longi. its recurved petals, orbicular sepals, long Sepala 5,ovata,obtusa,denticulata, inter - exserted stamens and clearly confluent iora ovata vel orbicularia, 1—1.25 mm epilophic disc. In T. sultanii Qaiser, the longa, c. 1 mm lata. Petala 5, obovata vel petals are erect, the sepals ovate, the elliptico-oblonga, 2—2.25 mm longa, 1 stamens not exserted, and the disc mes- mm lata, apice cuneata, recurvata. Stami­ odiscine-epilophic. The pollen grains of na 5, 4 mm longa; antherae exapiculatae, the two taxa are also different. In T. alii cordatae, exertae. Discus confluens epi- Qaiser, the luminae are indistinct at the lophus. Styli tres, oblongi; ovarium edge of the furrows while in T. sultanii ovatum, 2—2.5 mm longum. Qasier they are clearly defined at the edges of furrows (Qaiser 1976). Shrub, 1—2.5 (—3) m tall with reddish brown bark, glabrous. Leaves vaginate (2). T. alii Qaiser also resembles T. with a short spine, 2 mm long. Racemes aphylla (L.) Karst, and T. kermanensis aestival, compound, lax, 2.5—9 cm long, Baum by having vaginate leaves but 5—7 mm broad; rachis glabrous. Flowers differs from both these species by broa­ pentamerous, pink. Bracts c. 1.5 mm der racemes (5—7 mm broad), recurved long, c. 1 mm broad, subamplexicaul or petals, and confluent epilophic disc. In amplexicaul, ovate-triangular to ovate; T. kermanensis Baum and T. aphylla pedicel 1 mm long. Sepals 5, ovate, (L.) Karst, the racemes are 3—5 (—6 ) obtuse, denticulate, inner ovate or orbi­ mm broad, the petals erect and the cular, 1—1.25 mm long, 1 mm broad. discs epilophic and mesodiscine, respecti­ Petals 5, obovate or elliptic oblong , vely. In fact the new taxon is distinctive 2—2.25 mm long, 1 mm broad, cuneate at in the series Vaginatae by the recurved the apex, recurved. Stamens 4 mm long, petals and confluent epilophic disc, cha- 58 M. Qaiser IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983

2 mm

2 mm

1 mm

1 C m l mm 2 mm Fig. 7. Tamarix alii. — A. Twig. — B. Leaves. — C. Flower. — D. Petal. — E—F Sepals. — G. Disc. IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983 Tamarix in Pakistan 59

racters not present in any other species 23. Tamarix stricta Boiss. o f this series. Tamarix stricta Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Or.Nov. 22. Tamarix kermanensis Baum 2:57 (1856). FI. Or. 1:778 (1867); Talbot, For. FI. Bomb. Pres. 1:14(1911); Tamarix kermanensis Baum in Osterr. Cooke, FI. Bomb. Pres. 1:76 (1958, Bot. Zeit. 114 (4/5):379 (1967). - repr. ed.); Schiman-Czeika in Rech. f., Holotype: Described from Iran (Kermai}: FI. Iranica 4:14 (1964);Baum,Monog . ad marginem austro-orientalem deserti Tamarix 147 (1066). — Holotype: Scinde Lut, SW. Nosratabad, Sipi, 27.3 1965, and Baluchistan, Stocks 274 (G-BOISS!); Rechinger 2713 (W!). Iso. (G!, K!, P!, W).

Shrub, 2 m tall, with somewhat blackish 3—5 m tall, tree or shrub, glabrous, with brown bark, glabrous. Leaves vaginate, brownish grey bark. Leaves closely ending abruptly in a short spine, 1—1.5 sheathing(vaginate),with punctate glands, (—2) mm long with somewhat papillose (2—) 3—4 mm long, abruptly ending in a margin. Racemes aestival, simple, 4—8 small acute point. Flowers subsessile , cm long, 5(—6) mm broad with glabrous pedicel less than 1 mm long. Bracts rachis. Flowers pentamerous, pink to triangular, auriculate, entire, acuminate, purplish pink. Bracts triangulate, ample­ shorter than the flowers. Sepals 5, xicaul, minutely denticulate, acute, 1— united at the base, the outer 2 smaller, 1.25 mm long; pedicel slightly shorter broadly ovate,the inner 3 larger, obovate, than bract. Sepals ovate, finely denti­ cuneate, denticulate at the apex only, c. culate, obtuse, c. l.m m long, slightly 1.75 mm long, c. 1 mm broad, obtuse. less than 1 mm broad, outer sepals Petals 5,free, elliptic-obovate, sometimes slightly keeled. Petals oblong, obovate very minutely toothed at the apex,entire , or narrowly elliptic, unequilateral, some­ pink, to purplish pink. Stamens 10, times emarginate or notched at the apex, alternately (indistinctly) long and short, c. 2 mm long, 1 mm broad. Stamens 5, antisepalous larger, antipetalous shorter, filaments filiform, passing into the lobes 3—4 mm long, anther c. 1 mm long, o f the disc, i.e. epilophic, anthers ovate, oblong, acute. Disc 10-lobed, lobes con­ slightly apiculate, c. 0.7 mm long. Stigma fluent with the slightly dilated lobes of discoid, ovary conical, somewhat bottle­ the filaments, i. e. epidiscine. Styles 3, shaped, c. 2 mm long. Capsule 6—7 mm subsessile, ovary 1.5 mm long. Capsule long, 2—3 mm broad, purplish pink. conical, dull white, 5 mm long, 1—1.5 mm broad, with persistent petals, many- Distribution. South-Eastern Iran and seeded, seeds ovate, shallowly curved, Pakistan (Makran). brown to light brown, 0.75—1 mm long, 0.35—0.45 mm broad. Pakistan. Makran Dist.: On sand dunes, Pasni, S. I. Ali, S. A. Faruqi & Sultanul Distribution. Pakistan (Baluchistan) and Abedin 761, 762 (KUH). southern Iran. Common in the dry river beds of lower altitudes o f Baluchistan. (1). This species is reported for the first time from Pakistan. Pakistan. Makran Dist.: 30 miles from 60 M. Qaiser IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983

Gishkore on way to Hoshab, A. Ghafoor (1). In Boissier’s herbarium there are 2 & M. Qaiser 57 (KUH); 30 miles from sheets of Stocks 274, one bearing the Turbat on way to Pasni, A. Ghafoor & authograph of Boissier and the other M. Qaiser 128 (KUH); about 1 mile from sheet without Boissier’s handwriting. The Awaran on way to Hoshab, Sultanul specimen with Boissier’s handwriting is Abedin & M. Qaiser 7486 (KUH); 24 regarded as the holotype. miles from Turbat — Panjgur Road, S. I. (2). The type locality of T. stricta Ah, S. A. Faruqi & Sultanul Abedin Boiss. was indicated by Stocks as Sind 854 (KUH); 20 miles from Mand, river and Baluchistan. After seeing a consider­ bed, S. I. Ali, S. A. Faruqi & Sultanul able number of herbarium specimens, and Abedin 1086 (KUH); about 35 miles from during repeated and frequent collection Sunstar on way to Mand, M. Qaiser, trips, the species has only been found in Asad Raza & Abrar Hussain 1031, 1032 dry river beds in Baluchistan. It is (KUH); 50 miles from Mand on way to Sunstar, Sultanul Abedin & Abrar Hussain therefore logical to conclude that the 6285, 6291 (KUH); c. 12 miles from species does not occur in Sind or Mand on way to Sunstar, M. Qaiser. elsewhere in Pakistan (except in Baluch­ Asad Raza & Abrar Hussain 1060 (KUH); istan ). 13 miles from Pasni on way to Turbat, (3). It is hardly put to any use in Sultanul Abedin & Abrar Hussain 6471, Pakistan, though it is extensively used in 6472, 6473 (KUH); near Rest House sandy areas of Iran as a sand dime Sunstar, S. I. Ali, S. A. Faruqi & Sultanul stabilizer (Niknam & Ahranjani 1975). Abedin 1132 (KUH); 30 miles from Mand on way to Sunstar, A. Ghafoor & M. Qaiser 253 (KUH); 30 miles from Pansi 24. Tamarix ericoides Rottl. & Willd. on way to Turbat, A. Ghafoor & M. Qaiser 161 (KUH). — Lasbella Dist.: 6 Tamarix ericoides Rottl. & Willd., Ges. miles from Jhaljao on way to Awaran, Naturf. Freunde Berlin, Neue Schr. 4: Sultanul Abedin & M. Qaiser 7471— 214 T. 4 (1803); Bge., Tentamen 80 7473 (KUH); 1 mile from Awaran on (1852); Dyer in Hook, f., Fl. Brit. Ind. way to Bella, Sultanul Abedin & M. 1:249 (1874); Talbot, For. Fl. Bomb . Qaiser 4701, 7490-7492 (KUH); 33 Pres. 1:76 (1958, repr. ed.); Baum, miles from Hoshab on way to Panjgur, Monog. Tamarix 136 (1966). — Lecto- Sultanul Abedin & Abrar Hussain 6594, type: The illustration in Tab. 4 in Rottl. 6595 (KUH); about 3 miles from Bella & Willd. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin, on way to Khuzdar, M. Qaiser 1146 Neue Schr. 4: 214 (1803). (KUH); Hub river, S. M. H. Jafri April T. mucronata Smith in Rees Cyclop. 1950 (KUH); ibid., S. M. H. Jafri 1362 35 (1): 70 (1817). — Holotype: T. (KUH); 16 miles from Hub river on way mucronata Smith 383. 4 (LINN!). to Shah Noorani, M. Qaiser et al. 505 Myricaria vaginata Desv. in Ann. Sc. Nat. (KUH); 4 miles from Shah Noorani on Bot. 1(4):350 (1824). — Holotype: Ha­ way to Karachi, M. Qaiser & Asad Raza bitat India Orientali, Desvaux (P!). 515 (KUH). Tamarix tenacissima Buch., Ham. ex IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983 Tamarix in Pakistan' 61

Wall., Cat. 131, no. 3757 (1831), nom. nary Rottler travelled from Tranquebar nud. — Holotype: e bank, Wall. 3757 24 Sept. 1799 to Madras and returned (K -W !) . to Tranquebar on 16 Jan. 1800 (Clarke Trichaurus ericoides (Rottl.) Am. in & Stapf 1896). Rottler’s herbarium was Wight & Am., Prodr. FI. Ind. Or. 1:40 acquired by Kew from King’s College, (1834); Dalz. & Gibson, Bomb. FI. 14 London in 1872. The type of Tamarix (1861). ericoides Rottl. & Willd. was collected Trichaurus vaginata (Desv.) Walp., Rep. on the banks of river Searu near Utt- Bot. Syst. 2:115 (1843). rmerur (Chinlgeput Dist.), S. W. of Madras on January 2 1800 by Rottler. 2—4 m tall shrub with blackish bark, Presently the type o f this taxon is untra- glabrous to subglabrous, somewhat papil­ ceable even at Berlin and Kew (Meikle, lose. Leaves vaginate in the lower part, personal communication). However there subamplexicaul in the upper part, ovate, is a small sterile specimen o f T. ericoides lanceolate, long acuminate, 3—7 mm long, Rottl. & Willd., mounted along with other with punctate salt glands. Racemes vernal specimens from Herbarium Rottlerianum and aestival, simple 5 -1 5 (-2 0 ) cm long, bearing the same locality and date, i. e. 8—10 mm broad. 81*3018 2.25—3 mm long, January 2 1800. The description and the c. 2 mm broad,subamplexicaul, acute to excellent illustration in Table IV publish­ acuminate, triangular, somewhat denticu­ ed by Rottl. & Willd. in their paper do late at the margins. Pedicel 2 mm long, flo­ not match the specimen present in Kew wers 6 mm across, pale rose pink. Calyx 5- and hence cannot be regarded as holotype. lobed, sepals 2 2.5 mm long, ovate, Therefore in the absence of any holo­ minutely and irregularly denticulate at type, Rottl. & Willd. 1. c. T. 4 is desig­ the margin, the outer 2 more acute than nated as lectotype. the inner 3. Petals 5, free, elliptic to Baum (1966) designated the specimen, obovate 4—5 (—6) mm long, c. 4 mm present in Kew, collected by Heyne from broad, very finely and irregularly denti­ Maysore, 25 April, 1801, as holotype. culate at the margin. Stamens 10, alter­ Inadvertently he might have mistaken the nating with sepals and petals, the anti- label as “ May or April 25, 1801” instead petalous stamens somewhat shorter than Maysore, April 25, 1801. This specimen the antisepalous stamens, 3—4 mm long. is mounted along with the sterile specim­ Disc cup-shaped, fleshy, forming a some­ en of Rottler. it is likely that Baum what membranous torus. Ovary ovate, c. (1966) might have selected this specimen 1 mm long, capsule 1.25 cm long, c. due to the label of Herbarium Rottleri­ 4 mm broad. anum. However, this specimen cannot be taken as holotype. Distribution. India, Ceylon, Bangla Desh and Pakistan. (2). There seems to be some controversy Pakistan. Sargodha Dist.: Shahpur, Kabir about the authority citation of this taxon. 17 Sept. 1902 (K, KUH). De Candolle (1828) and Bunge (1852) attributed this taxon to Willdenow. Dyer (!)• Typification: The German missio­ (1874), Cooke (1903), Talbot (1911), IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983 62 M. Qaiser

Baum (1966), and Stewart (1972) accep­ examined these specimens, which are in ted Rottler as its author. According to seedling stage and it is impossible to Clark & Stapf (1894), Rottler wrote an say, whether it is T. ericoides Rottl. & account o f his'Joumey from Tranquebar Willd. or not. Even there may be doubts, to Madras’ giving descriptions of his new if the specimens belong to Tamarix at species, which was published in Neue Sch- aU. riften der GeseUschaft Naturforschenden Freunde zu Berlin, IV (1803) and Nov. 25. Tamarix passerinoides Del. ex Desv. Act. Nat. Cur. Berol. 4 (1803) under Ger­ var. macrocarpa Ehrenb. man and Latin title respectively, edited by Willdenow, who added a commentary of Tamarix passerinoides Del. ex Desv. var. his own, containing improved diagnoses, macrocarpa Ehrenb. in Linnaea 2:276 new names etc. Since both the authors are (1827); Zohary, FI. Palest. 2:362 (1972 ). jointly involved in this publication and it — Isotypes: In Aeg. Deserto inter San et is probably now impossible to say, how Salahie am 1820—1826 April, C. G . much was contributed by either, this Ehrenberg (K!, P! W!). taxon should better be attributed to both Tamarix passerinoides Del. ex Desv. in the authors, i. e. Tamarix ericoides Rottl. Ann. Sc. Nat. Bot. 1(4):349 (1825). - & Willd. Holotype: Jomarad, Fajum, Redoute, Terrane ( MPU, n. v. ). (3). Arnott in Wight & Arnott (1. c.) kept T. macrocarpa (Ehrenb.) Bge., Tentamen this species under a separate genus Tri- 79 (1852); Baum, Monog. Tamarix 141 chaurus and made the following remarks: (1966), excl. syn. T. aravensis Zoh. “ This genus (viz. Trichaurus) is mostly including var. patentissima Zoh. and var. allied to Myricaria, but differs from it micrantha Zoh. by the distinct styles and stigmas torus T. pauciovulata J. Gay ex Coss. in Ann. being only expanded into a tooth instead Sc. Nat. Bot. 4(4):283 (1855); nom.nud. of a connecting membrane, between the T. balansae J. Gay ex Coss., 1. c., nom. stamens. From Tamarix, the beaked nud. seeds and other characters will readily T. pauciovulata J. Gay ex Batt. & Trab., distinguish it” . But later botanists such FI. Alg. 1(2):322 (1889); Baum, Monog. as Bunge (1852), Dyer (1874), Cooke Tamarix 134 (1966), syn. nov. — Holo­ (1903), Talbot (1911), Baum (1966) type: Maris Sale pres la fontaine Chande and Stewart (1972) have included Tri­ a Biska, 10.4 1852, P. Jamin 240 (K!); chaurus in Tamarix. During the present Iso. (C!, P!). study large number o f seeds o f Tamarix T. balansae J. Gay ex Batt. & Trab., FI. ericoides Rottl. & Willd. Were studied Alg. 1(2):322 (1889); Baum, Monog. but I have failed to observe the beaked Tamarix 134 (1966), syn. nov. — Holo­ seeds in this species. type: Bords des ruisseaux environs de (4). Baum (1966) and Stewart (1972) fontaine Chande pres Biska, 20 March have cited a specimen collected by Schla- 1853, Balansa 987 (K!); Iso. (C!, P!). gintweit from Kohat to Kalabagh on the T. balansae J. Gay ex Batt. & Trab. var. left side of Indus (BM, E). I have microstyla Maire, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983 Tamarix in Pakistan 63

Afr. Nord. 22:30 (1931), syn. nov. - ( 12) mm long, 2.5—3 mm broad ruptu­ Holotype: Sahara occidental meridional, ring by 3 valves, seeds somewhat oblong. region du Tiris Sebkha d’Oum Dferat, Murat 1426 (P!). Distribution. Egypt,Israel, Jordan, Kuwait T. panciovulata J. Gay ex Batt. & Trab. Morocco, Algeria, Iraq, Iran, Russia and var. micrantha Corti, Fl. Veg. Fezzan Pakistan. 191 (1942). — Holotype: Fezzan occi­ Pakistan. Northern Baluchistan, J. E.. dental, Reg. di Gat., dune N: E. di Gat, Aitchison 32 (K). — Thatta Dist.: Gujjo 26.2 1931, Corti 1532 (FI,n. v., p h oto!). Jam bianch, M. Qaiser & Saleem 4293­ T. macrocarpa (Ehrenb.) Bge. var. mic­ 4295, (KUH); 2 miles from Chilya Band rantha (Corti) Baum, Monog. Tamarix 143 (1966). on way to Thatta, A. Ghafoor & M. Qaiser 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, A medium sized shrub. 1—2 (—3) m tall (KUH); Haleji Lake, M. Qaiser 4283 (KUH); Kalari Lake, S. A. Faruqi & M. with greyish brown to blackish brown Qaiser 615 (KUH). — Tharparkar Dist.: bark, younger parts pubescent. Leaves Saren, 8 miles from Diplo on way to amplexicaul to semiamplexicaul, some­ Nagar parker, Sultanul Abedin 4330, what ovate with spreading apex, 1—2.5 4332, 4338, 4339 (KUH); Saren, Sulta­ mm long (on the older branches 3—3.5 nul Abedin 4350, 4353, 4355, 4356 mm long), 1—1.5 mm broad with pun­ (KUH); c. 1 mile from Saren on way to ctate glands. Racemes mostly aestival, Diplo, M. Qaiser, A. Ghafoor & Abrar 2 4 ( 5) cm long 6—8 mm broad with Hussain 3764, 3765 (KUH). - Hyderabad papillose to almost glabrous rachis. Flo­ Dist.: Rest House, Badin, 24.8 1968 wers pentamerous, pinkish to purplish Maqsood (KUH). pink. Bracts amplexicaul to semiam­ plexicaul, triangular, acuminate (1—) 1.25 (1). T. passerinoides Del. ex Desv. var. —1.75 mm long, c. 1 mm broad; pedicel passerinoides does not occur in the area usually shorter than bract, c. 1 mm long. under consideration. Sepals 5, slightly conhate at the base, 2 mm long, slightly more than 1 mm broad, (2). Ehrenberg’s original herbarium was outer 2 more acute, ovate, finely denti­ in Berlin and was destroyed during culate, inner 3 trullate-ovate, obtusish. Second World War. Fortunately he has Petals 5, elliptic obovate to slightly ovate, distributed his specimes to different entire, 3—4 (—5) mm long, 1.75— 2 herbaria. The author’s conception o f T. (—2.5)mm broad. Stamens 7—10,usually passerinoides Del.ex Desv .var. macrocarpa Ehrenb. is strictly based upon the less than 10, inconspicuously alternately long and short, longer 3 mm long, shorter isotypes present in Kew, Paris and Vienna. stamens 2.5—2.75 mm long, anthers (3). There seems to be a good deal of apiculate, cordate, less than 0.75 mm controversy about the taxonomic assess­ long, filaments confluent with the discal ments of the two taxa, T. passerinoides lobes, disc epidiscine. Styles 3, short, Del.ex Desv. and T. macrocarpa (Ehrenb.) stigma discoid, ovary bottle-shaped, 2.5 Bge. Ehrenberg (1827) and Zohary mm long. Capsule ovate-pyramidal, 8—10 (1972) accepted the latter taxon as 64 M. Qaiser IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983

variety o f the former, on the other Ehrenb. Not only the shape of the leaves, hand, Bunge (1852), Boissier (1867), but the size and shape o f sepals, petals, Niedenzu (1895), Schiman-Czeika (1964) number o f stamens and disc shape are and Baum (1966) treated them as two exactly similar to var. macrocarpa Ehrenb. distinct species. Gorshkova (1949), Burtt Therefore it is concluded that all these & Lewis (1954) and Stewart (1972) are to be included in this taxon. included the latter taxon under the syno­ (5). Baum (1966) has erroneously nymy o f T. passerinoides Del. ex Desv. included T. aravensis Zohary [holotype: Bunge (1952) and other botanists who Arava valley, Ein (Ghadian) Yotvata in a have treated them as distinct taxa, used water, 29.12 1952 Tadmore 748 (HUJ n. proportions of the length o f pedicel to v., Iso. W!)] under the synonymy of var. that o f the bract and the size of the macrocarpa in spite o f the fact that it capsule. Furthermore Baum (1966) also has deflexed petals, sessile leaves and used the number o f stamens in distingui­ triangular laceolate bracts. In var. macr­ shing T. macrocarpa (Ehrenb.) Bge. and ocarpa Ehrenb. the petals are erect, the T. passerinoides Del. ex Desv.,while leaves and bracts are amplexicaul to Burtt & Lewis (1. c.) indicated that the subamplexicaul. bract characters vary on the same plant, hence they could not use them for discri­ minatory purposes. 26. Tamarix sarenensis Qaiser, sp. nov. A critical study o f the large number of (Fig. 8 ) specimens, present in different herbaria from the entire range o f distribution Tamarix sarenensis Qaiser, sp. nov. — suggests that though the variation in the Holotype: Pakistan, Saren Lake, near bract length is continuous, yet the two Diplo, S. I. Ali, S. A. Faruqi & Sultanul tava can be differentiated on the basis of Abedin 4335 (KUH). capsule size and number o f stamens. The Suffrutex, 1—1.5 m alta. Cortex rubro- latter two characters are inversely corre­ fuscus. Rami glabri; folia vaginantia , lated. Thus separating two distinct breviter spinosa, 1.5—2 mm longa, juni- varieties, the type variety passerinoides oria imbricata. Inflorescentiae aestivales; has smaller capsules (6—8 mm long) with racemi laterales, simplices vel compositi, constantly 10 stamens and var. macro­ 2—5(—6) cm longi, 6—7 mm lati, rachide carpa (Ehrenb.) Bge. has larger capsules glabra. Bracteae 1.75—2 mm longae, c. 1 (8— 12 mm long) with 7—10 stamens mm latae, amplexicaules, triangulato- within the same raceme. ovatae, acutae vel acuminatae; pedicelli 1—1.5 (—1.75) mm longi. Flores pen- (4). A careful examination of the types tameri, rosei. Sepala 5, 1.5—1.75 mm o f Tamarix pauciovulata G. Gay ex Coss., longa, 1 mm lata, ovata, subintegra vel T.balansae G.Gay ex Batt. & Trab.and T. integra, exteriora dua acuta, interiora balansae G. Gay ex Batt. & Trab. var . triaobtusa. Petala 5,elliptica vel elliptico- microstyla Maire suggests that they obovata, 2.25—2.75 mm longa, c. 1 mm exactly match the isotypes of T. passer­ lata, obtusa. Stamina 6—9 (—10), anti- inoides Del. ex Desv. var. macrocarpa petalia breviora, 2 mm longa; antherae IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983 Tamarix in Pakistan 65

Fig. 8 . Tamarix sarenensis. — A. Twig. — B. Leaves. - C. Part o f raceme. — D . Petal. — E—F. Sepals. — G. Disc. IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983 66 M. Qaiser % obovatae, apiculatae; discus epilophicus. /i long) and arranged in a definite pattern Styli 3, claviformes; ovarium stipitatum, in T. stricta Boiss. while in T. sarenensis Qaiser, luminae are smaller in size (0.1— 2 mm longum, pyramidatum. 0.2 /i long) with no definite pattern 1—1.5 m tall shrub with reddish brown (Qaiser 1976). bark, entirely glabrous. Leaves vaginate, (2). T. sarenensis Qaiser differs from the abruptly ending in a short spine, 1.5—2 rest o f the species of \raginatae expect mm long, younger leaves imbricate. Race­ T. kermanensis Baum, by having partially mes aestival, simple or compound, 2 5 diplostemonous androecium and epilophic (—6) cm long, 6—7 mm broad with glab­ disc. But from this species it differs by rous rachis. .Pedicel 1 -1 .5 (-1 .7 5 ) mm its broader raceme (6—7 mm), imbricate long,bracts amplexicaul,acute-acuminate, young leaves, subentire to entire sepals triangulate ovate, 1.75 2 mm long, c. 1 and partially diplostemonous to comple­ mm broad. Sepals 5, 1.5—1.75 mm long, tely diplostemonous androecium. In 1 mm broad, ovate, entire to subentire, T. kermanensis Baum the racemes are outer two more acute than the inner 4 -5(6) mm broad, all leaves vaginate, three. Petals 5, elliptic or elliptic obovate, sepals finely denticulate,and androecium 2.25—2.75 mm long, c. 1 mm broad, completely haplostemonous. The pollen obtuse. Stamens 6—9 (—10), antipetalous grains of both the pecies are quite diff­ ones somewhat shorter; 2 mm long , anthers obovate, apiculate, disc epilophic. erent. In T. sarene isis Qaiser columellae Styles 3, clavate, ovary stipitate, 2 mm are absent from luminae, while in T. kermanensis Baum columellae are pre­ long, pyramidal. sent in luminae. Phenolic constituents of Distribution. Known from the type both taxa are quite different (Qaiser locality only. 1976). (3). The species also resembles T. pakis- Pakistan. Tharparkor Dist.: Near Diplo, tanica Qaiser in having younger leaves S. I. Ali, S. A. Faruqi & Sultanul Abedin imbricate and older vaginate and in 4336 (KUH). having broad racemes but differs by its (1). This taxon resembles T. stricta entirely glabrous rachis, partially diplos­ Boiss. in having vaginate leaves but temonous androecium (6—9 stamens) and differs in having younger leaves imbricate, epilophic disc. In T. pakistanica Qaiser broader raceme (6—7 mm broad), suben­ the rachis and the branches are densely tire to entire sepals and only partially papillose,the stamens always 5 in number diplostemonous androecium with 6—9 and the disc is confluent epilophic to (—10) stamens. In T. stricta Boiss., all epilophic. The pollen grains and phenolic leaves are vaginate, the racemes 4 - 5 mm constituents are also different (Qaiser broad, the sepals finely denticulate, the 1976). androecium completely diplostemonous, and the stamens constantly 10 in number, Acknowledgtement The pollen grain of the two species are I am greatful to Prof. S. I. Ah (University different, the luminae are larger (0.3—0.5 IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983 Tamarix in Pakistan 67

of Karachi) for suggesting the problem Contribution towards the flora of and taking keen interest throughout the Baluchistan from material supplied by course of my work. Thanks are also due Col. J. E. B. Hoston I. H. R. O. (St. to the Directors, Librarians and the other Xaviers College, Bombay). — J. Ind . staff members of the following herbaria Bot. 1:84-91.. for their generous help and extending Bodenheimer, F. S. 1929: Uber das all required facilities: Tamariskenmanna der Sinaigebirges Karachi University Herbarium (KUH), sowie der Sinaihalbinsel. In Ergeb- National (previously Stewart) Herbarium, nisse der Sinai-Expedition der Hebr- Rawalpindi (RAW), Botany Herbarium, aischen Universitat Jerusalem, 45—88. Pakistan Forest Institute Peshawar (PFI-B), — Leipzig. Agriculture University Herbarium Lvall- Boissier, E. 1867: Flora Orientalis. — pur, Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Basiliae & Genevae. Germany (B), British Museum of Natural Brandis, D. 1874: The forest flora of History, London (BM), Botanical Museum North West and Central India, 20—24. and Herbarium Copenhagen (C), Royal — London. Botanic Garden, Edinburgh (E), Conser - Buchenau, Fr. 1868: Bot. Zeitschr. 26: vatoire et Jardin Botaniques, Geneve (G), 305-310. Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Bunge, A. von 1852: Tentamen generis (K), The Linnean Society of London Tamaricum species accuratius defini- (LINN), City Museum Liverpool (LIV), endi. — Dorpat. Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Burkhill, I. H. 1909: A working list of the Laboratoire de Phanerogamie Paris (P), flowering plants of Baluchistan, 17—18. Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien (W). — Quetta. Thanks are also due to the United Burtt, B. L. & Lewis, P. 1954: On the States Department of Agriculture for Flora of Kuweit. Ill Tamaricaceae. — financing this research under P. L. 480. Kew Bull. 1954: 3 8 8 -3 9 1 . Clarke, C. B. & Stapf,0. 1894: Supple­ References mentary notes to the Flora of British India. — Kew Bull. 1894:200—206. Aitchison, J. E. T. 1869: A catalogue of Cooke,T. 1901: The Flora of the Presi­ the plants of the Punjab and Sindh. — dency of Bombay, 1:74—76. — Bota­ London. nical Survey of India (reprint 1958). Arendt, G. 1926: Beitrage zur Kenntnis Desvaux,M. 1825: Sur la nouvelle famille der Gattung Tamarix. Inaugural de plantes fondee sur la genre Tamarix. Dissertation. — Leipzig. — Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. 1(4):344—350. Bailey, L. H. 1950: The Standard Cyclo­ Dyer, Th. W. T. 1874: Tamaricaceae. In pedia of Horticulture. 3:3307—3309. Hooker f., J. D., Flora of British India, — New York. . 1:2 — London. Baum, B. 1966: A monograph of the Ehrenberg, C. G. 1827: Uber Die Manna- genus Tamarix. — Thesis, Jerusalem. Tamariske nebst allgemeinen Bemer- Blatter, E. & Hallberg, F. 1919: In kungen liber die Tamariscineen. — Blatter, E. Hallberg, F. & McCann C,, Linnaea 2:241—344. 68 M. Qaiser IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 2 (1), 1983

Gorshkova, S. G. 1949: Tamaricaceae. In Parker, R. N. 1918: A Forest Flora for Shishkin & Bobrov, Flora of USSR the Punjab with Hazara and Delhi, 24 15:289—326. — Moskva—Leningrad. —26 (3rd ed. in 1956). — Lahore. Hunt, D. R. 1963:Typificationof Thuja Qaiser, M. 1976: Biosystematic study of aphylla L. — Kew Bull. 16:481—482 the family Tamaricaceae from Pakistan. Hutchinson, J. 1967: The Genera of Flo­ — Ph. D. Thesis, University of Karachi . wering Plants, 2:321—324. — Oxford. Said, H. M. 1969: Hamdard Pharmaco­ Lawrence, G. H. M. 1951: Taxonomy of poeia of Eastern Medicines. — Hamdard vascular plants. — New York National Foundation, Pakistan. Linnaeus, C. 1753: Species Plantarum. — Schiman-Czeika, H. 1964: Tamaricaceae. Holmiae. In Rechinger, K. H. Flora Iranica 4. — — 1755 : Centurio I. plantarum. — Ups- Graz. . aliae. Stafleu,F. A. 1967: Taxonomic literature. Meebold, A. 1909: Eine botanische — Regnum Veget. 52. Reise durch Kashmir. — Bot. Jahrb. Stewart, J. L. 1869: Punjab plants, 91— 43(3):63—90. 92. — Lahore. Niedenzu, F. 1895: Tamaricaceae. In Stewart, R. R. 1972: In Nasir, E. & Ali, Engler A., Die naturlichen Pflanzenfa- S. I., An annotated catalogue of milien. Ill, 6:289—298. vascular plants of Pakistan and Kash­ —1896: De Genera Tamarice. Index lec- mir. — Karachi. tionemin Lyceo regio Hosiano Bruns- Talbot, W. A. 1911: Forest Flora of bergensi par hiem. — 1895/6 Inst. Br- Bombay Presidency and Sind, 1:84—88. unsb. — Poona. — 1925: Tamaricaceae. In Engler A., Die Wight, R. & Amott, C. A. 1834: Prodro - naturlichen pflanzenfamilien, ed. 2 , mous florae peninsulae Indiae orienta - 21:282-289. lis, I. — London. Niknam, F.& Ahrangani,B. 1975: Dunes Willdenow, C. L. 1816: Beschreibung der and development in Iran. — Min. of Gattung Tamarix. — Abh. Akad. Berlin Agr.& Nat. Res., For. & Range Org. — Physik., 76—85. Tehran. Zohary, M. 1956: The genus Tamarix in Pallas, P. S. 1788: Flora rossica, 2:72. Israel. — Trop. Woods 104:24—60. — Petropoli. —1972: Flora Palaestina 2:348—364. — Jerusalem.