P{ MusrruD & VIvEnnlo CoNSERVATIoN

TheNewsletter of the IUCN/SSC Mustelid& ViverridSpecialist Group

Number4 April1991

Owston's palm civet (Chtotogale owstont) by H J Adler' This rarepalm civet was photographedior the lirst time in Vietnam Photo

Thisnumber was produced with the supportot the "RoyalZoological Society oi Antwerp"'Antwerp, Belgium' andthe ;l\,4etropoliianToronto Zoo", west Hill,Ontario, Canada Mustelid& Viverrid Conservation

TheNewsletter of theIUCN/SSC Mustelid

Editor-in-chief: HarryVan Rompaey, Edegem, Belgium

Editors: MichaelRiffel, Karlsdorf,GermanY Amd Schreiber,Heidelberg, GermanY RolandWirth, Miinchen,GermanY

The viewsexpressed in this Newslelterare those of lhe authorsand do not necessanly reflectthose ;f the IUCN. nor fte IUCN/SSCMustelid & vivenid SpecialistGroup

We are panicularlygrateful lo Waller Rasmussenfor readingthe manuscriptsand improvingthe Englishstyle.

Theaim ofthis newsletleristo offerthe members of theIUCN/SSC M&VSG' andthose who areconcemed wilh mustelidsor/and viverrids, briefpapers' news items' abstmcls' andtitles ofrecen! literature.Al1 readers are invited to sendmaterial to:

Mustelid& Viverrid Conservation c/oDr. H. Van RomPaeY Jan Verbertlei,15 2650Edegem Belgium AsPectsof the biologY of the Small grey mongoose Galetellapulaerulenta C.T.STUART

llstract Studyarea wassiluated in theVrolijkleid N ureCon- / Tte s.oll .onso ateCalerella ptu l'ntdt: t common-diumal The studv e! -sey rheRob€nson pr.d.tor$roughour m;choiirs limrcd nnse Inrh! pesnr {udv r:.i'dNlllll: servationSlation in fie extremeeastem ponion of i'." .-t"a ,ia .r.^",1 *nr,i" . loo h! r€.. wirhrhe home mges or rourmimals paft ol the Lillle Karoosyst€m Of the 200 ha study|fea I mongmse/125 Karoo. beinsbcrween5hamd36h.inextenr'Theestim.reddensrrvws ot cuhivaiedand unus€df0rmLmd The tugeovertap.Nincrv two percento'lhe l6l sishings some +b h.r consisted hrri thee *asconsidedble wasfonned bv rheKeisers Riv€r' \ eE ol solito r.imlls F@dconsis6 n.lnly ol rnlll mundsJnd insecG Con_ sou$emboundrry of the area pdi'e nores,e presenreaon rheYcllow dongooseC\ni'rirrnn?lk'a behindwhich rises isreep and rockv hillside A taned'oxd divides the study arel rnd e\t€nsivevineyards and orchardsbou'd $e southemsector. The srudy area consisled of low karoid scmbrnd Introduction succulentvegetation on broken,rock-v ouiciops Tbe eastema'nd boundariesabu$ed on to steep.rocky hillslopesThe The Smallgrey mongoose Caterello pulv tlentalFig l) nonhem aresconsisted ol open erodedand overgrazed scrubland' i\ r small.generally solilary, diumal viverrid restrictedin its dis- southem smrll €anhalalleddams were located in thewestemsectorof rnburionto th€Cape P.ovince south oflhe OrangeRiver' Orange Five (Lvnch' sludyare!and one inlhe €asl Only lwo of lhedains held water FreeState, and marginally ifl Natal.Lesotho md N'mibia the rhrouehoutthe ve:r- The iaunaland floral componenls ofih€ area i98L; Stuan. l98l) -been have covere

All animalstrapped were sexed' aged (juvenile sub-adul! or aduLt),neasured. weighed. marked and releasedEach mon- goosewas marked with numbefedaluminium poultry wing-lags nl,cecclu'e ro rheb,se of escherr' Drreclob'enrrron' ol lree' 'mall rrneinerim:rr' "eremrde on rn rrfegularb3'rs S' r!' ofrhe grei rrt-ongooe *.t. collecredand prey trrgnelr' roentrfiedin the l.borrroryrs de\cribedbv sturd Il98l)

Results Hom€ rangeand movemenc A t;l of34 indiuidualsmall grey mongoos€s were tmpped (Fig. 2). narked and released.of which 18 weremale alld 16 two ieJate.ftineen t3as,)of$e animelswere caught in lhefirsl the { monthsoftrapping and a totalof 20 (597o)had been taken bv afier en,tofrhe se"inrirmonth. Onlv 16animals were recaptured a .rr'1iiq. wilh one of the malesb€ing lrapped22 dmes and femr el2 tmes. sufficientrecaptures for estimatinghome range wereonly availabl€lor lwo malesmd two females{Fig 3)

Theestablishedhome rlnge sizeswere crlculaled using the ''minimumhome range' meihod (Mohr. 194?) These ranged from 5 hr (ttmale 8) to 16 hr (m,rleC) From the limiledinibnnaiton iI woulds€em that ther€ is consid€rableoverlap m home F;g. L Sm.rllgrey mongooselculerellu putretrten'rr' irrso r(own obtrined rrngeswithin rbenudy ,]Jea as HeryesresPulYetulen^ts) I towards served.Two adul! mongooseswere observedrvnlking eachother on thesame path Borhanimals (A & B) \erc involved otber' in food seuching.erch unawateof rhe Pres'nceof the 'onrrnueshen B en'mate .ropped.delecared and wis sboulI' crmewirhrn 'iglt of e. animalA rri'edrhe hair on rrr':rrl holding A tne uit Lowto the groundand lan at B. with B tuming and chasingi! for approx.l0 m

Density ivlrh 3l inai"iard mongooseshaving been marked within per fie studYarea. rhe density was approximatelyone mongoose b€en b ha.Ei;hteen snimrls were lJapPed once onl)' lnd mJvhrve (he non.resiaenr*irhrn fte.rudv arer.or rhevlesnred Io avoid the traos.If thesecnimals are excludedfrom the calculations a res'identpopulation would havebeen 16 animalsand therefore ll one tales inlo oo'sibledensily oi one mongooseper 125 hl accountthat q0 ha of Lheatea consistedof mdJqinJlyulilised habi!a!,lhe aclualdensity would hav€been g'eal€r'

Food Smrll grey mongoosescats were dePosi!€d singly' or in walls small,scaneri accumuladonsalong paihways ard ondaln remams Thecontenl of316 scatsis summarisedin TableI Rode 1004o occured in alt ren monttrly samples,mnging from 651oto to species of the content.Of the 43 individualrodents identifi€d oc- level only two. R,rrabdamlspunilio andOtonls unrrllcdtr'ls currea iJl|slenincantnumtr€rs The remaining four rodent speci€s within the identifred were firuch more iimited ifl their disltibulion study area.

Discussion of Tbere are few data wilh which to comparethe findings previousesrimrle or homerange srze for capturesof Small grev non- rhr' study.widr onl) one fi"- z. Sou,iuldistribution of firs! r eIal l98J\ Thirwas glesi males:circles: thismoneoo.e having been mlde Cmwlord goosewiftin the study area Trian range . basedoricasual obse*ations of a singleanimal b€lieved to iemales.Tle ninetraplines and topograPhical features are also indicated.Dams and wa€r cou$esare indicaGdby slippledoverlay. The only olher comparablesolihry 'nd diumal vivemd hasbeen sludied, lhe slendermongoose' Gdle/eLla sangutnea longesilinear movement 'ecorcled belween capures that Th€ lo*e rangesizes of 100ha in the Sercngeti Mos! otherrecorded movements be- *lri.n Itua".,itut"a wasby maleC, of 1800m. part was€r' 1973)Kingdon(1977) lhanthis wilh a Naiional in ranzania(Rood & r*""n crprures*"r". ho*ever,considerably less of the is, however,of theopinion lhal in someareas home ranges me3r of 350 m. slendermongoose are considerably smatl€r' and behaviour Socialoreanisation (1979) working on the clos€ly related Small ln- 163sigltings werenade during lhis srudy'of Gorman A;otal of awapunclal|,.sn Fiii found$at males sevenwere of pairsand five dianmongoos€ H?rp?rrPs which 151were of solitrry animals' 39ha and females 22 ha' th€pairs and four of hadamedn hom€ range otapProximarely wereof groupsof threeindividuals. Three of (1955)found that the by one or in u rim . stuayi" fo"rto Rico Pimentel riregroups oi ttrreeconsisted of an aduhaccompanied 1 2 ha resp' samemongoose had hom€ rangesof 0 5 ha and n wherex Tomich(1969) found that ihe smalllndian mongoose b€tween 50 h2 and 200 ha- These opportunisticn'rlure and ffu*uii f,ra no." ranges of Foodsearching appears to be ofan of homerange size appear sodiesserve lo demonsuatethe variability fiis is bom€ou! by the die! analvsisBoth sight and smell Vost wiihin the samespeci€s in dilfer€ntare's' ro play a significantrole in food searching(Pers obs) rrcntion is concenlnt€don sedchinglhe are! al rhe baes oI In thecurreni siudv the small grev rnongoose home ranges with a densil\ wereestimaied lrom belween5 ha and 36 ha and probablygrealer than one mongoos€per 12i ha Onlv on one occasionwas irn aggressiveencounter ob- 1

Solirary vivenids h:rvetwo advmrag€s:exptoitadon of Trble l. Percentageoccunence of differenrfood categori€s from smallroden6 as a tbodsou.ce requires hunting by srealthand is Small gr€y mongoosesca6 rhroughrhe monthsof fie beslaccomplished when the individu.rlhunrs ,rlone.

Approxim.uely70i,.. by n1rss.of the prey rakenby small JFMAMJ'ASOND greymongoos€ in lhe srudyarer were venebales_ tn addilion.rhe 2l t0 .16 individualgains an intimareknowledge of its loraging.ang€ lrnd 96 :0 12 I J3 lt 24 13 10 3l 92 38 65 92

6 20 12 26 8 L IU 6rt 8 80 94 I00 91 22 61 ,! t0 (:) (:) 6ll -9- l0

Note:No pcrcenESeswere.dculaGd fo. rn. smrtlJulysmple.

lhis is panicularlyimponant in a specieswhich exploits invene- bratesas a food sourc€.Although inv€nebrates are abunda they generallyhave an aggregatedand local distriburion(corman, 1979).Insecrs were by far the mostimponanr invenebrate g.oup represenredin fie presenistudy. followed by myriapodsand

Smallgrey mongooseswere raiely observedin lhe culti- vatedar€as, or fallow land,but thesewere heavily urilised by the diumal Yellow mongoose.Ctrtc.ir peniciUata.Of the eighr specjes'oicrmivores occuning wilhi. rhe sflrdyarea only rhe smaLlgrey mongooseand the yeuow mongooseare diumal. solitary foragers.Two coloniesof y€llow mongoose,with an estimatedtotal of 12 individuals,w€re locaied lvithin the study area,There wete no obs€rvedinteraclions between the two mon- goosespeciesduringthe present srudy.The y€ltowmongoose is an openarea feeder but usualiy foragesin fairly closeproximily to its burrow systems,whereas lhe small grey mongooseshows a markedpreference for feedingamongsr. or ciosero, bush and scnrbcover. In the presentstudy ii wasfound thar the dier of the smailgrey mongoose was dominared by smallmurids and insecb bu! $at lhe dier of rhe yellow monsooseconsisted mainiy of insectsand othe. invenebrares (Table 2).Ir is suggesr€d,therefore, that the small grey mongooseand rhe yellow mongooseavoid competitionby udlising Larg€lydiffereni habiiats and feeding

Table2. Yellow mongoosescatconrents frorn Vrolijkheid Narurc Conserationsradon. A=abuDdan!: P:pres€nr-

Je. Fcb. AF. May hl. Sep. Nov.

Smpr. si& 38 42 l5 22 25 19 2

ColeoprenAPAAAA Onhop.€TaAAAAA-P Isoptm P - - P P - p MyrirpodaAAPP Fig. S.Estimared home rangesof lwo mate (sotid and closed s.o?'o.e\ P P P squJes) Jnd rwo femrles(solid rnd opencirctes) SmaI P,P, Rodenria - grey mongoosewithin the sudy arel_ P Table i. PerceDtlg€occunence of different food categonestrom SmaLlgrey mongoose scats through the monrhs of the

J FM A M J J A SO N O Approximarely?07o, by mnss of the preytaken by small the greymongoose in the studyarea were venebrates ln addition' No.ofsc$ 12 lO 96 2O 12 ' I - 13 l1 46 24 inrtividualsains an inlimaleknowl€dge of its foragingrange and Roden6 l0o I|]O 7l ?O 8l - (4) - 91 38 65 92 AmphrbMs - 410 Bnds 9 _ 620 - - - - 61?268 Repiles 9 ' 210 _ - - - ' 6l? 8 7l 80 9'1 100 67 - (4) - 100 94 22 67 Insis - Arlchnids _ ' 210 - , (2) , - 6ll - Mynapods l8 20 - 40 ' - (2) 613 Molluscs 18 _ - 40 - -,-,-9- Pld6 45 20 l? l0 - - - - - 6 442

NoGi No pereno3€s*er. calcul.t d for tn. smallJul)'sdplc

this is panicularly important in a specieswhich exploits invene- bratesis a food source.Although invenebtatesare abundantthey generallyhale an aggregatedand local distnbuuon'Gorman' 1979r.lnsecrs were bv far the mosl imPonJntintenebrule Sroup represent€din th€ present study' followed by mynapods and arachnids.

Smali gIey mongoosesw€re rarcly observedin the culti_ vated areas.ot failo\t land, but these were heavily utilised by the diumal Yellow mongoose,Cyrtcrlr penicillota Of \he eigl.t sp€cies'of camivores occurring within the study area only th€ small grey mongooseand the yellow mongoosearc orurnar' solitary foragers.Two coloniesof yellow mongoose.wrth an esdmaredtotal of 12 individuals, werc located within t]rc study area-There were no observedinteractions be$een the two mor_ an goosespecies during (he Presenl study. The yellowmongoose$ openarea feeder but usually foragesin fairly closeproxrmrty lo rts burro* tyt,"-., whereasthe small grey mongooseshows a marked pr€ferencefor feeding amongst or close to' bush and scrub cover. In the presentstudy it wa5 found rhat the diet of the murids and insecls small Eey mongoosewas dominatedby small Uut rlrarile aiet of lhe yellow mongooseconsisled mainly of insectsand other iflvenebmtes(Table 2). It is suggested,thereforc, Lharthe small grey mongooseand rhe yello* mongooseavoid competlion by uritising largelv differenlhabitaB and feedrng

Table2. Y€llowmongoose scaa conten6 from vrolijkheid Nafure Conservalionsaarion, A=abun&nt P-?resent.

Jm. F.b. APr MaY 'ul' SeP Nov

Sdple si2c 38 42 15 72 25 19 2

Coleopter.APAAAAA o.r."i"*.aAAAtP toptinP'PlP Vfapoaa-AAPP_ P P male (solid and clos€d S.ort one\ Fiq.3.Estimated home rrnges of two e*i'PP- squffes) ,tnd rwo femaies Golid and open cncles) Snall grey mongoosewithin lhe sruclyarea moneoose.it?r?er!?r aur,pdn'rdllr (Camivom: Vivem- Ackowledgements dael;elrtive ro the evolurionof social vivenids J Zool Finmcirllnd logsric :uppon-as pdvidedb:_ ihe Direcrod€ of Nltu* L87:65'?3 B' Munnik r' an alLdsoi e|ol ion in u! EnvnonhctuliCoi;er&on Clp€ Prorincesourh A'ii'r Kinsdon. J. 19r-7.6dJrA/iican mannals: Nodoncohnen'ed i*no"n.-ar w,ni'., p--aed technicaldlsr&cu Md P A,t;.d. Vol S (Prrt A). Acadenic Press'London rcrdrxeing the n4res on m erly dr.ft ot thispaper. Tilde Studisthrked Lvncb. C. D. 1981. The slarus of lhe Cape grey mongoose Herpestespu\eruLetu,r Wagne!, 1839 (lllamnilia: Viv- BLoenfontein4t5J:l1l-168' Footnote enidaer. ,\arorr. Nas. Mas Mohr, C. O. 19-17.T$le ol equival€m populationsof Nor$ p renlentaitexrefid' Thereare indicatioos hat Gulerclla Anrericansmall.ummals. Aner' Midl Not ' 37:223-249 in theeNtem seclo' oiSouth ingils distriburionrang€. panicularly Pinlenrcl, D. 1955.Biology oi lhe Indian mongoosein Pueno of a femalenear Aincr Brcnner(1990) has recorded the crPture rrica. J. Mannal , 36:62-68. 200km nonh+asrof recordsln Watte$room, Transvlal.some Roberts.A. tg5L The Mdtnnals af SauthAfridd Cenual Ne'vs survevedbv Robens Naraland Lesolho. This area was €xkns iveL! Agencv, CaPeTown. wxsfound aI thetime Locai ( 195 1 J but no trace of thismongoose Rood. J. P. & waser, P. M 1978 The sLend€rnongoose' Her'- Thele are also un- ir'-";, *." not frmiliar wirh Cdlerelld ,?rres rdng{ircxr' in the SerengetiCarniwre l(:):54-58' in lreasnonh of the Orange vene- corfirnedsightings of this species Sruan,C. T- 197]. Preliminarychecklists of the flora and wouldovedap wirh Gdlerclla River(Crpe Province) where lhev braletuunt ofVrclijkneid NalureConservation Station 'In- wilh similardielary rangalaea.another small diumal predalor lestiga!rcnalRepoft,Dept of Nature Conservation'cape lheseapparenr Dan;ms.we will, hop€fullv,be able to invesligai€ Provincel9: i-18- Africe Cmivore suwev Cape iange.xtensions as pan of fie Sruan. C. T. I 981 . Noteson themammalian camivores of the Province.Soulh Africa. Bofiebok l:1'58 mongoos€in Ref€rences Tomich, P. Q. 1969. lvlovenen! panems of lhe & Crawford'R J M 1983' Crawford.P. 8.. Crawford,S. A. H Hawa\| J. Wildl Mana|e. 33:567-584 Someobservations on Cape grev mongoose H€rp?rr€rpll NarionalPark S A,fr J' |eruLentusin the Tsitsikamma Chris & Tilde Stuart,African CarnivoreSurvey wildl. Res.,t3,351O. P.O.Box96, Nieuwoudtville 8180, South Africa Gonre. M. L. lgTg Dispersionand foragin-q oi thesmall Indian

Abstracts

Small Indian moneoosein YugoslaYia' ",,,,."x:H'i"Ti:ii:J.':tri"Jffi'#*l:il;:ft:T:1;#lll';r'!!i"!ffii:ff::[1'""'=;;;l'ff:#:'ne'rcs*i'"su'suae sizcispre*incrd'!!"sd :{::::"#:"i;i::::';:;:;ljjililii'{.i1131,:lji;'Tll'Jilillil::, \1::':i:..d:-" n\'u' rero,presenrdisEiburion. mdbio':c':"1".1t'iill:l nonsom.odi.zr, Y;"#lillji-. *".".r.'""" ".,eeo.rhera$nonic status orrhe sretrder 'v"o's Nd t'u' BIo' :::".*fifi:i*'i#,i$.iil1ll:i"il:1"x'ii:T:::::#"i'..'i"fi:##iit;:i*er'ra*r'i"**r'"-'rr'i"" ,!rrrx,.!rdt is rheonlv oneofi6kind in Europe t!m_ T\nk\n. \, & Kr!ttrfel. A. lgco small Indianmon3tu'r H'rP'q'r \drr!ti'l'land'ofYuts6rtrE aon' in ,r,.drr'Hod$on.l8-Jo'onrh. Siberian fer.ets used rs surrogat€Black'foot€d f€rrets ZooLaeitt ,{L\ll:J'3. r€leas€studY

'isflpe') e d 'ndugcEd musrclid lhat in south€rn Afric!' Blackjoted r.re6 (M!tt'la The moogoos€s of the g€n|ls Gdletella Or' Lrrio$n on.e .or.'d rrc', th. Crd Pl"ins of Nonn Amen'I PopJlduod '1 hi\ ben r-cc'$rLl " ^ a*'-."4 Ut .-.. o"".p.r l a35 L roi N ' bre'dsg GaLrcrldrarsxi,.a(Rtlpp€l1336) lloknownst?P'itrrzngaham' ofcap've_aied Aincr -a tr," *" ""o. .**.v tt th. speciesis Ihc reintodcron tot inio_popul.i;n od g'ographicaivrianon In su'hen ih' sib€rid *^ .*.,,qoea i.ias m rrt tarrot L99r' Usi'g!congcnenc rudosar' nutrivdiae deihod5Tne analvsesofinm_Popuhnoo trrt.touea bv n anso;univdak ana a*ebpne'r oi prcdatoravoidrce $nnies hun'n-q dimorphism'nskutl tz' wid dalesbe'tg i,*, tu-"r" ^.'^*.t ;mdD. rdicdedtbepreence of sexual wec t'sEd Even dough rh' capnv'_d'*d Iherecognnioiorsubspec'es "ir;cri'"ness- dd rckal. rech"'ques leser$!n iemal.s.N;.videnca *4 rolndbju$rfv respones lh'v did not al*avs 16'ub'pe'Es ii*a- r"".u "i ." *l',on.,l ,t'; codecrkhlvior'l ,n6 d,rtr,.J ircm soLhen Arncr Ir ' propo{drh_ 'r'o'$e will probablyb' h'avy *nbm lhen d .mcientlv 6 *ild raisedMimalr Monlliiy "odFT \ii.r b€ F6.rdeo! _ro"\m otc de,-ndd ro' ""' .p-.e lFed'mrh Fo' ' Jpu '"+eo d^o''s'i/eor rs a monorvpicipecies dcumng svmPr_ ;,,;;;,,;..: .rcco! for6. r'ulrlr whichis regdded t '.r,o die-ndrJr"PR!J! ur?6JP r'n' 'f \imibrr '"l".it-:-"-, -" r,*-.3 rncrilvwnh c. rdnq,,t,.zinrhecentrdmd sou$edpans prdess dog md.ot bt kiled br_a lr4erPe&brInlne 6 In rhe Cdl.rel/, followingsp€cEr ee nowrccogniz'd: 44'r' Crptiv' br"ding -qenur A. Mill*. l99l CriC,\.wr lNewsletlcr oflhe II-ICN/SSC \u|\;n.d (i i(ott Mdc *?/nd xhrlerhe$Iu:016 $lrnlrisn'll rt,nu.A SPecialkrC.orPr 1lt):10'll' con'dctedLncemin on horPhomchcglounos ome noteson terlestrialmustelids 1n the centralParaguaYan chaco Dan BROOKS

daylighr. belween0715 rnd 0900 hours These There arethree e\tant generroiteresrial mustelidsin lh€ were in moming (Cdl'rir :lremo.e inquisitivethan most camivo'es bul 'ir€ qutcKlo Pxragulyan chrco todly. Theseare lhe Less€rgnson anrmils flee ct the tiAt sign oi danger'scrmpenng through ihe tall gr3ss cuja). the'ftyri- (Eirn halbdrd). md lvlolin.r'shog-nosed skunk The energeticallye{pensive rere.}l involvesI high netabolism \ConeputusthingdJ wirh rlow progress.as the body is low lo the Sround-and the Legs !r€ considerablyshon. Over thecourse ofr )er. randomstarus suweys were mld€ and dala were collected on tenestrill muslelids in the cenml G. .rrb population densitv is lowe' than'iot Conepa s Paraguayanchaco. Curent ststustbr C. cirz ;s indeierminaleE (i- e. < one individual/l 4 knr) ,arba.a starusis undetermined.but may well be endangeredas cltrsa none were encouniered.Densitv sudies for C cninga were done along a lrequenllytrrveled route.lvlosl muslelids inthts regionI}Ie The Tzyra (Eira barbara) endangeredby huming. human dislurbance.and/or hab'tat de' Slatus The generic name for fiis speciesis denved from the s Indian languag€name E ira Not one sign of evid€nce llethods Guarani forthis species.By the sametoken.Ihe locals wei€ not From August 1989 1o Augusl 1990 statjonedat Estancia was found fanilial wiih th€ E ira. One old mounledspecmen resLoes Tol€do (22'33 S.60'30w; 35 km west ofthe Mennonik CoLonv overly FiLadeLfiasUoger museumr thus hoccurredinlhts area!o some Fiiad€lfia,Boqueron. Parrgurv). numerous randon survevswere in made and dara were collecledon lhe terresinalmust€lids in thrs arer(Fig. 1).Alllocaldes md arexslvere d'iveo to bv vehicle and Ahhough lhis speciesis highlv adaptablein other arcasoi survevedon foot. Densiiv studiesibr C cnin3a involved dnving its ranse.it is;ossible that the converslonof fores!to cattle land a speilnc tengttrofmeasured road. deremining rheoverall al€ain wasa Lading causefor its disapPearancein theParaguav'n chaco sqLia.etm, ani thusolraining onec. c,i'g4loumberbfsquaJekrn' No doubtifthis specieswas pres€nt. it wouid be blan€d for kiiling I fesrocl,dnd rhu: hunredfrequenrly As lr)ras aJe!ery energelic' Habitat l)J€capable ofdeslroying fruir rces while loraging'and lhus Tlre majority of the ceniral Paraguavanchaco has been Ihey in somellreas are frequentlyshot for fiis rcason cleffed ior cartleldd. Olher reponsand sighli'gs indicatelhis to be lhe casehroughour much offte chaco,some eels more so tb'n The layra holds an imponanl place in lolklore for many cultures.Insome ar€as, various body pans olthrs specresare used aDhrodisiacsrnd olhereihnic would be wonhwhile Mos! ofthe modiied Imd in thecentral chaco is lvpical of for Ploducls.lt -many to initiate an intensivesrudv on this species which would vield ciooeria savannahand lo a lesserexlent caadnga shod' inierestby the local community to help conseruethe tayra' rhomy bushes,shrubs, and cacli: wilb a scaneringof treesup lo 13m high- q) Molina's hog-nosed skunk (Co ne Pqtus c hin g The denseiorest canopv. secondarilv frequen! to paslure Status land. is mid-heigh!. dnd containsthomy impen€lrablelolirge The pelageof C cninga in rhis 3r'eais ven similar to the Small segmentsof lhe thick ioren are sometimeslefi in Facts dwelling C rer' in that both sPeciesexhibit white along when the irnd is b€ing clearcdior agrananpurposes' Andean fie dorsun. frcm lhe forehead lo fi€ lip ol $e ra'l

The Lessergrison (Galictis cuia) Most colcenfated in Srass-savannahhabital of the cenEal ch^co, C . chinSa is the most stable of lhe t'htee muslelids and Status In rnedrer' Tle rnlamous frequendyon savamahpenph- amonerhe mo.iaoundanr oI comrvore( This speciesis found most in odor ioe, nor qne rnis speciesa bad 'epuralron as is rhecffe eries-No!as siableas lhe hog_nosedskunk but morecommon than Nonh Anenca. Road-kiilsare th€ major causeof mortalitv This rhe tryra. rhegrison is oftenblamed for er ng pouhrv mdthus Ls speciesis somerirnesshot for eating pouLlryeggs or for olher

The species is impoflan( to farmers as irs diet inciudes a fiis skunl is economicaily impodan! as its diet inctudes high contenrof granivorousroden$- In someregions Gdltrdr has insecB Hisrorlcallymore than populadons.or tor spon nunung a high contenlof crcp'damaging been kept to control rodenl medi todal. various pans from this species were used for eihnic similal lo Europeantareting. cine and pel! malenal Behavior Nlostlikely $is sp€ciesiorms season:lf'milial SroupsOn BehaYior (lale skunks.this sp€ci€sereds its large while trtt a single individualwas seen On August I Like other M.ty :50rte fau) pr€d^torsThis spec'es andjuvef,iles wls seen' plume asan indicalorIo ward olfporential winter) r group of five. includinsaduLrs (more were is solirdry,as only mono-samousindividuals mln nLne' The lesse.gn\on wlls obselvedIo be diumal rs boln recorornss 5 reco.ded.Skunks lvere obsefled to be active diumaliv jusr 3J Density nosedskunks were seendong i route from Esitncia much l]s noctumdly. Hog Toledo to Filadelfi.r (:2'335 60'll'w) All live individuals wilhin l0 m of the cenleroi the road (70 km round inp) On July 10. 1990 it 1240 h. one individual w35 seen siqhte.i obtainingan eer of I 1 krn:/tnp.Thus estimating catching and consuming a small gre€n tegu lizard Allhough w;re counled. one individual/l r km: in a rc8ion that is highlv lerhargiclocomo(ron b I)prcalof C .hu"a rheorey irem{f, a deosity of for cattlelmd (EslancirToledo md ColoniaFemheim)' s€izedquickly. Afier a litrle quarrel.tb€ dviog prev was calriedin develop€d the mouth to a shadedare3 bush' wher€lhe then derd Lizardwas held in the tbrcpaws and sLowlyeaten. Ealing lasted 23 min' Conclusions whereupon the skunk slowly Left the area !tuough long griss' F.om a yed oi randon suReys we may conclude that in the cenral Parlguayanchaco. the less€rgnson is indeter- SeasooaldenogrlPhY areaofthe the tayra is endange.edand Motinas hog- For one ye]J, signsof C .itrga were recorded projecr minateor ihrealened, is stableat present Averagedensily fo' Conepdrrr base Estrnci3 Toledo and r 30 km radius sunounding lne area' nos€dskunk area is one individual/kn:. while Galictis cuja Evidenceof this sp€cieswas found from Julv November (mid cringd in this lower' Somebehaviorai obseflauons wete winrer-lab spring). and April-May (mid.la€ fall) Th€ species densityis consideRbly and C .lingd. and tulbitat is d€scribed generally was seennost frequentlyduring Julv and Augus! (mid-laie wm- rnade on d. fl Vd t€r).This vicinity is amongrhe most developeddels in thechaco' There are subslandal tkea$ to the telrestrial mustelids of this region.A1l speciesare blamedfor someform of 'gricultural damage,and lhus are p€lsecutedA locd exPressionis Carry a for eun, if it moves shool itl lhus lhesespecies are also hunrcd ;pon. The iayra is probably most tfuealened wirh habital desfuc- tion in this area. A funher poteniial *ireal Io all sPecies is human o, dis$rbance (i- e. road'kills)- €l All thtee speci€s have historically plaved an imponant role to SouthAmericm people.Thesespecies are economicallv imPor- tant to agnculruristsfor crop-predalorconrol. v&ious body pans hav€b€en used for ethnicmedicin€ or for pehs-The lessergnson was once usedfor r hunting sPon.similar to feneting in EuroPe As the layra hasplayed m imponantrole in Eaditionalfolklore in many {eas, ir n1aybe f€asibleto developa consewationoriented programfor thls sP€cles-

Acknowledgem€nts Financialsuppon lvas provided bv Dr' Kun Benirschkeand the Ioundaflonfor EndangeredAnrmal' Lo.ll logirtic"sere pro vided by the ZoologicalSocietv of SanDiego's C R-E S tkough the supportof PtoyectoTagua (the TaguaPrcjec0' Lubbock'Texas 79401' USA Fig. L schematicmap of Paraguy indicaling the survevare3' 409University,#204-N.

Coming events

Colloquiumon the Ecologvand The Biologyand Managementof Marlenslnd Fish€rs The 6th International Africrn Manmals Laramie,wyoming, USA. May 29'June l, l99l' Ta{onomyof Small I I ' 16August' l99l A Symposiumbringing rogeth€r biologists and managers Mhzp€Ramon, Israel, iiom NorlhAnericamd Eurasia.Oihercooference activities wilL from: includepanel discussio.s. afield rip. b.rnquel.picnic. mmLtours informalionavailabl€ Haitn etc.Regislradon foms md infonnadonavailable liom: Abraham \4anen-Fi.l'erSympovum Org$i/inq Commilre_ Univeniryof Haiia Depaflmenrof Zooloeyand Phvsrologv Ormin 36910 Universityofwyorning, L amie.wY 82071'3L66USA P.O.Kiryat Tivon, 'fel. t3ol )i 66-2351 Owston's pal!! civet, Chrotogale oa!'lstoni'in capti'rif and Le Chan Nguyen X,lan Dang, PhamTrong Anh, Ngo Bich Nhu'

palm civeB in ofthe Table L G.owth rnd weight gain of Owslon's Owston\ palm civet is the sole living rcpresenta(ive Vielnrm' genusChroroqalc The 'pecies is endem'cIn noflhem i.in.- L*i -a . t.Jl dojoinrngJrer of chinr' rhe lUcN/ SSCMustelid & vivenidSpecialisl Group has listed il asone ot (S'hrciberet 3l lhe hrehe.l Cons€rvrrronPriorrl' Species In smdll is:q,.-ln vi.,n.t. o*ston5 palm crver'srrll :unr\e PhuongNJtionsl "".t*' in *.. *""or ,r,etrforme! mn€e Cuc 2.:loo 630 410 can oe Park is fie only resefle where the occune'ce ot the specres 10.081990 2.600 610 4j0 50 on 2.900 630 435 50 coniimed. Bu!. at presenl, considerablehunling PrEssure 1.09.r990 :1.r0-1990 r.,11)0 635 4,r0 55 stiil exists C,trrrogdle 18.r1.19904.200 635 4-{0 55 "lnstilute in The of Ecologv and Biological Resources" 20.07.1990 120 380 290 25 progrmrne of conservalion of Ow- 10.08.1990 290 Hanoi is now conducting a 35 breedmg t6.09.1990 1.500 450 350 sron s palm civer in Vieham. The fLrst altempt of capdYe Caplive of rhe sDecie. is berng catried our as a cooperurr\e Zoo 415 58 BRedrns Projectbetween rhe lnsritu€ Md H$oi 10.07.19902.500 613 ?0.08.19902.800 620 420 60 425 60 l 5 m ?.09.1990 2_1A0 625 The cag€sin which rhe animals are kepr are 2 m long with fine wide. and2.5; highi they aremade of steeland covered cages The *ire'nenine to pr"vent rars ind mice from eniering the 10.0?.1990 310 310 sbeetsare cov€r- roof is cov;d wilh palm leaves Somebamboo in surnmer and strong and ins ihe sides !o avoid direct suNhine 28.t0.1990 350 ls branches ;;'ld wind in wirter.lnside the cagesthere 3re some thick 2?.r2.1990 2-000 620 a x 0 4 m\ or climbing and€ither a woodenbox r0 m x 0 6 m for 630 430 50 a largecentral hole tor nesug The 23.10.190 3.000 " p'... of"ile t".,."1*ith 635 140 56 anmais 22.12.19901,800 noor is cteaned euerv day. Each cage contajns one or two 15.11.19902.100 600 soll The captiveanimals pref€r Fesh leanmeal and sweet usual diel consistsof beef fruits, especiattyrip€ bananas The andweight gainof tjre seven 3ndnpe b'nanas' TabLeI showsth€ growthrate lneat,chi;ken. both in smal Pieces,eanhwonns gainbut unfortunatlv (grasshop- kepi animals.All sPecimensshowed weighi Occasionailysman bnds, chick€nbeggs' frogs, insects aregrven r n€ three died. Ders,crickeB, elc.) and oth€r fruit lik€ ripe Papava and meal. The anima'lsare fed two iailv diet includesboth fruit vc-2 andvc-3 tFig l ' havebeen kePr g a! 1630 Themear is grven onlv Thevoune females dm;sa day:b€lween andl0 and old Thev werekepr in tl'e onlv e a of sincerrrev *ere abourone month i. rtt" nt"-oon r""ai"g. In generalthe animals Pan diedin anaccidenl and is comoanvof aduhiemAe vc_l whos€young ttre fooa given- rresrr arinring water is alwavsavailable nilk or ;*ilii." ""p,i't,t rhe vouns femaresfed on both ev€rymom'ng. Vc-3 chansed i.-J" v"-r ard on ttregiven diet After a weekvoung whichlooked ""aa."rt ai.a "r - "*";*n diseaseT}le anl,.lrai u a' found utti"ttt-a .us no":rut-l'ucri! e suddenlvbecame weak not rev€alanv lvin; dow' afld died after two hours Autopsydid was tnree ii""l"" tyntp,o*"- Young vc-2 grew well until she days monrfrs ota ana then atso died of unlnown causes Two leg The 1"i". t'"r a."tr' tr'" alli-a showedpdalvsis in onehind Trcatrnenl n.", .o-i"e the o$er hlnd leg wasalso paralvsed md afierb€com- *irft oe*.itt-i"" -A '*promycin gaveno resulr th€ anirnal i"t-o'*"tt."o i" U"U fJ* k;s aho in the afiemoon' died during fie Itl8hr. its Aalult male Vd-l was kept since May 1990 During woundsof ca' 20 "uo.." itt" -i.ut .^ t"ver€lv bitren and !*o irs i]o aiu."o" renained on each sid€ of his pelvis Durins but the wounds "'ioliuin, irt" -i-a t uor,h h3dslighrlv improved 1990lhe iii ."i i"^r i" 'oit" "i tr'" *tibioric treatmenl on 6 sePr' fie nexr dav Adult fenale (Chratogaleowsto^i) pho- -i."r 1"."*"*'v -."L and died Fig.L Fir$ live Owsbn s Palm ciers dmerecovered after (vc-2 aodVc'3' i"-i ""t",i.* tl"."a aiarho€abut each ioeraohea.r*o onemo'th-old fenales someOwston s biseptolreatment. Earlier on' HanoiZoo had kept se! e*O, oneot tt'emtying on adultfenale {Vc'l) Photo palmcivets but a1llhe animalsdied ofunkrown causes- by NguyenXuan Dang 'l Conservationprogram of Chrotogale oxustofli Thomas, Some first results

H. ]. ADLER

In lhis issue of the newslerGrNguyen Xuan D.ng er dI. that Dr- R. Flust, chairman of rhe Zooiogische cesellsc .epon th€ firstexpierencesin keepingOwstons patm civeK. Thus Frnr*funvon 1358e. V., is preparedto finance,rogerher with rhe the statusin captivhy is no longe. no reco.ds' (Schreibef.r al.. WildlifePrese.?ation Trust, Jersey, a trainingprogram tbr Ng yen 1989).This is a 6rsl imponanr step ro inquire into fie almost XuanDang. The director ofthe InstituieofEcology & Biologicd unknown habi6 of thesedimals. Resourcesin Hinoi ha5 declaredhis great inieresrin futurr

As .eponedin lhe !. m. rnicle. Cnrrrogal?have b€enkept at Hmoi Zoo severaldmes, bur not dwavs under the condilions I wasaiso shown an islsnd about 100 km fromHanoiwhen describedby N. X. Dang. When inquiring ,fier lhe situarionof a brc€dingprojec! for the ViehameseSika deer (Cenrlj n,pprr Chrotogale )n Hanoi in Novemb€r 1990 a! the suggesrionoi prerda:rir) has readysraned and which is plannedro b€ alsolhe ruCN/SSC M&VSG chairnan R. Winh. I found three animals rt locationfor a C/rarasalebreeding strtion. Under a specialagee- th€ zoo, two ofthem being keprunder provisional conditions. My ment rhe Zoologicai Cardensof Frankfun will rcceive the lusr conclusionwas that a mo.e severeintesradon with endoparasires specimensof Crrotogale this yeff in ord€r !o supponrhe rfforrr causedby stressmay be an imponait cruse of deatb.The respon- for conse^aionof this speci€sin Vierrlamby a.eseffch and sjble colleaguesar lhe Institute oi Ecology & Bioiogical Re- b.eedingprojec!. Moreover, the Zooiogische Gesellschaft Franl- sourcesand ar lhe zoo, however.endeavoured to imFove rhe fun von 1858€. V. will panicipatein financinglhe intended conditionsfof keeping ihe animals.Anoiher reasonfor fte high ConservalionProgram. Iossesmay be an incorect diet. As described,ihe Crrotogale's diet Lncludeda high percentageof frui! bur it is supposedthar the dier My ]as!year s srayin Hanoiand in theCuc Phuong Nariona shouldconsist mainly of insecls,wolms and perhapssmall vene- P$k wa5fi.llrcially supponedby the ZoologischeCeseilschan brates.This hypoftesis is suppo.tedby rhe fact rha! th€ lab€ls of hjr Anen-und Populationsschuo. MuniLh. The con\endoons anc rwo collecled sp€cimens carry lhe inlormadon th3r lhe stomachs reachedagreenents justify the hop€for the reaiizationof concrer conmined eanhwo.ms (rs mendoned by Nowak & Paradiso. conservalioneffons for Cfuo,ogale owstoni. 'Chiefly 1983). Pharn Chong Ahn (1980) also siared: insec6, wonrls, frogs, and lessthan 20% fruir". References Nowak.R. \L & Paradiso,J.L. (eds.)1983. walker's mannmls.,l All thesefacts as well as&e situationin the wild show rht th? Ao,ld fhe JohnHopkns Univ. Pre*. Balrimore atonsewation programaimins at improvedconservalion of wild populationsand including a gene.alsrarus surv€y ofthe sp€ciesis PhamChong Ahn. 1980.Morphology od ecologyof viverrida( urgentiyneeded. Pan oflhe generulproject should be to improve in Viemam.Zool. Zhufl., 59(6):905-914.(in Russian) conditionsfor a pilot capliv€ breedingatiempt to allow Viernam- Schreib€r.A. et a/. 1989.Weaseh, cirets, mongooset.and theit ese scientisB to study the biology of rhe species.Th€refore I rcLaties.An actionplan for theconsenaion of themuste. mining programfor the staff b€ingenrusted wilh capdvebreed- /idr ad ytvez'dr. IUCN, cland. ing in Viemam is also necessary.Bur all theseeffons are beyond the possibilitiesof the Vietnamesecolleagues due ro rhe country\ AllwetlerzooMiinster, SentruperStr., 309, exremeiy badeconomical conditions and 10 their low rdk in rhe W-4400Miinster, Germanv official GovemmenmlPrograms. Therefore ir is very merilorious

Continuedfron pdge 7

Recommendations& Appeai fo. international cooperation Rompaeyof lheruCN/SSC Mustelid & ViveEidSpec'atisrcrour Chrotoeale owsoni being a lery rare rnd endangered for their encouragemeDtand invaluable reconrmerdalions. animal in lhe wild, their lossesr,1 capiiviry shoold also be pre- ventedas much as possible.We obtainedsome results in keeping Ref€rence ihis speciesbut our losseshave beer great.One reasonis rharw€ Schreiber,A., Wirrh,R., Riffel, M. & Van Rompa€y,H. 1989 have no suffici€nt financial suppon ro provide our animals with Weasel.t,c|ftts, nongooses,and their.eladyes.An Actio, be$er conditions. The oth€r reason is lhar we have not enough PlaAfor the consenationof nus.etidsand rileni&. \J(l.I experiencein keeping this kind of camivores.h view of this Gla.pp.43,'72-'75. intemaliomi collaborationin capdvebreeding of Ows@ns palm civet i, ot he ulmosrimpon re dnda triinrngpmprsme in NguyenXuan Dang and PhamTrong Anh, techniquesofcaptive breedingofendarge.ed species forour sraffs Ilstitute of Ecologyand BiologicalResources, NCSRVietnam, Nghia do-Tu Liem-Hanoi, We.re mongraleful to rheDirectorrres ofIEBR andHinoi Vietnam. Zoo tbr constlnr support lbf Projecrimplemenration. Our moy NgoBich Nhu and Le Chan,Hanoi Zoo, rbanksare du€ to R. Wirth, R. Ratalszczak.R. Cox, and H. Van Hanoi, Vietnam. Restorationof the endanseredtslack-tooted ferret

Tim !V. CLARK

Th€ clrrcnt Blrck-fooEd i€rretrestoration effod is now in foor€d ferret populations (Fish and Wildiife Service 1988:19). ns loth y€ar.Much oi rheprogress is summariz€din rwo annorated Fenel numb€rscun€ntly in captivhy md plansfor r€intodu€tion bibliognphies(Crsev pr dl.. 1986rReading & Clirk. in pressi. approximae thesegods.

Discoverv ol r sn.lll fenet population nee Meereerse. C.rptivebreeding effo(s got otTro a dismrl start but have wyoming. i! 1931 broughl hope ior speciesr€covery (Clrk. since been very pronising. Eighteen$ild ienels consritutedthe 1989).Abou! 300 tbrcrs were studied.wilh a peak populationol entke founde.population. In 1990.66 youngwer€ bom and at lhe 129in 198.1.In 1985.r catastrophestruck when caninedisremper st'n of 1991, 180 animalsare in ciplivily. FeIreIsate now at fte killed most ferrcts.The speci€sreached a low in edly 1986oi Conservationand ResearchC€nler. a branch of the National about l0 individuah.The fenel is extinct in the wild today and Zoological Pl}rk. the Henry Doorly Zoo. and a wyoming Gi]me only exisB in threecaptive populatioos totalling about 136 ani' and Fish Depanment Faciliry where rhey have b€en for se\€lal mals.Continued increas€s in caprivepopulations. reinlroducdon. yeffs. Addiiional poputationsare now at the Louisville Zoo, and s'rcc€ssiuimanrg€ment oifer an opponunity for species Louisviile, Ken$cky (12 animals)and CheyenneMountain Zoo, Colondo Springs.Colorado (10 minals). Much of th€ successof ihe captivebreeding effon is dueto adviceandassistrnce provided Discussionrbout bow to resloref€nEts wa5 pan of he by fte Captive BreedingSpeciaiists G.oup of the IUCN/SSC. Meete€tseconservadon work iiorn thebeginning. In 1983,Richrrd- son er a/. (1986)firr! lbrmally examinedrecov€ry straregies and Reintroducingth€ Meele€lseferrels to severalnew sites stronglyrecomended the ctpdve-reaiing/translocationoption. was panoflhe first conservalionand resench plaff for the newly discoveredfercts (Clark, l98l) and was formally r€commeoded The 1988Fish ud Wildlife Sewice Recover,vPlin objec- in 1983and 1985.wirh lhe reportsofRichardson er al. (1986)and tive is: To ensureimmediare suwival of lne black'fooredferer Fonest er aI. (1985). Reintroductionbec.m€ formalized as the by: (l) Incr€asingthe caplive population of black footedlenets Io bdsic recovery (tmregy in goremmenr planr in Io87 and lo88 a censussize of 200 br€edingaduhs by 1991;(2) establishinga (wyoming Game and Fish Depanment 1987,Fish and wildlife pr€breedingcensus po?ulalion of 1500frce'ranging black'footed Sewice 1988). A Black-footed fene! lni€rsrareCoordinating fenerbreedingduhs in l0 of morepoputations withno fewerrhan Commi(ee waseslablishedin 1986.The Commitrcemeels aI least 30 br€€dingadults in any populationby the year 2010: and (i) once yearly and oherwis€ communicales tlroug! a Fish and encouagingrhe widest possibLe distribution of reintroducedbhck- wildlile Service Secretarial

Bhck lboted ierer r,Vrrrela riglip4r) Sevenl reintroducdonsites hav€ be€nlocrred rhroughout Fonesi,S. C.,Cl&k. T. w.. Richardson,L. & CanpbellIII, T the wesem United States-One of the biggestis in nonhcentral 1985.Black-tboted fere! habitat:some management an( Nlonnna. estimrredro be caprble ol supponingrbout 500 feret reinrroducrionconsiderarions. Wlomine Rtreau af Larl flmilies. Resroringf€rreN to rhewild is now a malterofdevelop Md nagc. wildl. Techn.B ll 1..2: | -15. ing successfulrcintroduction techniques and subseouenrmmage- Fish and Wildlife Senice. 1988.BlackJooted fetret recorer plau.U. S.Fish ud wildlife Se.r'ice,Denver. CO., l5.1pf Miller. B., Wimmer,C., Biggins.D. & Reading.R. In press.i Ivlanydetails.€main to be workedout beforeterrers can b€ proposalIo conserueblack-looted ferrets and rhe prairi resiored.Successlul reintroduclionmd managementof theblack, dogecosyst€m. tnrtlannental Monogement. tboted itnet is an opponunity to restorelhe uniquepnirie dog Reading.R. P. & Clffk, T. W. In press.Black,footed fen! ecos]-slem(Ctark er al., 1989;Miller ?r d/.. in press).Hopefully. annorat€dbibliogrrphy, 1986-1990. Montana Burear a beginningin 1991 with the first introducrions.aod exlending over Land Manaee.W ildl. Techn. Bull., 3. sevenl yefs. feners will be r€esrablishedro the prairies and Richardson.L., Clafk.T. w.. Forrest,S. C. & CampbellIII, T. Ni intermountdnbasins of No.th America. All involred hope feFet 1986.Black-fooEd feret rccovery:a discussionof sonr resto.rtionwill go smoothiy and qoickly. optionsdd considercrions.Great BasinNar. Memoir 8:169-18:1. R€fer€nces Wyoming Gameand Fish DEpanmenr.\98'l . A stntegic pLanfa, Casey, D.E.. Duvr'aldt, J. & Clark. T. w. 1986. An annotated the nanagementof black-footedJenets in Wiaminq bibliogrphy of the black,iooredferrer. Cr.ar Edrin Ndr. Wyoming G.me and Fish DepartrnenrRepon, Cheyenne Menoirs 8:185-2O8. wY.,70 pp. Clark. T. W 1981.I,tr Meeteetseblack-faoted Jarret consetua- tion studies:a prcposal. Box 2705, Jackson.wY. 78 pp. Clark. T. W. 1989. Consefr'arionbiology of the black-tboted ChicagoZoological Society, Brookfield, IL 60513 tefter, M ustela nigtipes. lyildliJb Prcsenatian Trust , Spe- NorthernRockies Conservation Cooperative, cial ScientirtcRepaft 3:1-115. Box 2705, Clark. T- w., Hinckley. D. & Rich,T. (eds.)I989. The prainedog Jackson,WY 83001,USA ecosystem:m.naging for biologicat dl\etsity.,V ontana Schoolof Forestryand EnvironmentalStudies, Bureau ol Land Manase. WiLll. Techn.Bull .2,1-55. Yale University,\ew Haven,CT 06511,USA

Recentpublications

Encyclopaediaof th€ carnivoresof Frmce Roger,M., D€lattr€,P- Henenschmidt,V. 'We & 1988.Le puroil wouldlike to drawour readerJatt€nton ro a highly (Mrctetapubnas Linnae'us,1758). N" 15:38pp. inr€r€stingsenes ofpublications in French:rhe Encvclopddiedes Livel F. & Roeder,J--J. 1987.La Eererre(Geneua genett. camivoresde France: espdces sauvages ou elranies,indigCnes ou Linnaeus,l?58). No 16:33pp. inlroduites.en m6ropoleet dansles dom-tom".All issuesare Charles-Dominique.P. & Mourou,F. 1987.Les camivoresdel 'Si]{i€r6 publishedby Ih€ Frangaisepour lEude er la Prorecdon D6panemen6er Teniroiresd'Outre-M€r. N'20 & 2l::' d€sMarnmifAres (S-F.E.P.M.), Bohallard, Puceirl.l-1390 Norr sur pp ErdE, Fmce. For infonnadon wril€: l.{ad.D. Thevenot.G'sd-rue. 54200LJgne!. Frturce. Severalissues on thecanids, u.sids, procyonids, and feljds ha\. beenand will be published. Followingissues on viverridsand musrelidshave already been publishedr PopulationsitkologieMardemrtiger S?iugetier€ Henry.C.,Lafonlain€, L. & Mouches.A. 1988.Le blaneau(M€ler The paperspresented ar fie" Mitteleuopiiisches Sympc .aPlerLinnaeus, 1758). N" 7:35pp. siumzurPopulatio.sdkologievonMusrelidenanenheldinSprern Labrid. M. 1986.La martre (Maftes nones Lirma.\ts, 1158).No b€rg,GerrEny from 12!o 16April 1989were edited by Michaei 9:22Pp. StubbeandpublishedasPoputarionsitkologieMaderinige.Sauge Delattr€,P. 1987.Lr b€lerte(Mrr.?/d nt!a//r Linnaeus,l?66) er tiere"Vol. 1 & Vol. 2 (647pp.), Kongress- und Tsgungsbenchrr Ihennine(Mustela erminea Linnaew, 1758).N' ll & der Manin-Lurher-Universit:uHalle-Wittenberg 1989137 (P 39), 12:'73pp. Halle(Saaie), 1989. Camby,A. 1990.Le visond'EwoP (MusteLaLutreala Lim'.ets. 1761).Maizere! C. 1990.Le visondAm€dque rMar@/.r All the 'no-olte.pap€rs lre listedseparately in the" Recenr virfi Sclftber. 1777).N" 13& 14114pp. lil€r:tlure"section of thisnumber. t0 The Gambian mongoose:A forgoiten species? Harry VAN ROMPAEY

Togetherwilh the Bandedmongoose ltldgrr,rlngo). rbe Grmbian mongoose(,Vrl/r"rr gd,rbd,llj) mltes up lhe Ahicu genus,l,fr,go. Both x.e smau monlooses.iimilrr in genenl fom bur easily recognizedby their direrenr coJt p.rrem. whereis rhe b.rndedmongoose is rheonly mongooseNirh cross-bandingon irs back. the Gambio mongooseis distinguishedby i.s g€nerally llnribm colou. (Fi-q.l) md the yeUosish+vhitethroat (Fi8. l).

They do not only belong to the sllme genusbur seem to prefer sinlilar habirlltsmd probablvklve similar lifestyl€s.Both are diumal. terestrial, ind gregirious. living in packs in open

Then why is it tha! the Gambianhar r distribudonIimited ro west Atiica while the boded cm be foundftom Sen€galin the wesr to Eritrea in the east and the nonhe$km Cap€ and Natal (SouthAfrica) in the south?why. atso.is rhe bandednongoose (togetherwith the dwad mongoose.Helqdle panula and the Fig. 2. Gambianmongoose, showing the yellowish'while throal. Suncare,S!.t.ara rrrica.ra) one of the most studiedand conse- quentLybest known mongooseswhile lhe Gmbisn has b€enlel't Riversand around Albreda (Albadarr) wh€re it wasrare. Dekeyser unstudied?And why ltre bandedkepr in countlesszoos while we (1956) cned $ unconlrmed record of a specimenin Niakolo- know of no zoo which is currentlykeeting the Gamhian? Koba NP. Seoegal.The Powell-Cottonlvluseun (LX) holds a specimen t_rcmrhe region of the Sali River. apprcx. 23 km sou$westoicabu in Guin€a Bissau.The Berlin NaNral Hislory The iollowing is ail that we know aboutthis beautifulmongoose: Museumholds a specimencollected in 1900fron Sokoddin Togo. and two specimensfiom Haho Baioe (or HanoeBaloel), possibty Distribution the presenr-dayHohoe in Ghana. Of lhe 15 British Mus€um The t_vpespecinen. originallv described ai flsrperrer gdn- specim€nstwo originatedfrom Ganbia {as late as 1894 they ,dr!r by Ogilby in 1335, 'vas collecledon Cape St. Mary in appe&edro be rheonly known specjmensiPousargues, 1894)ilwo Gambia. Unril 1939 (C. M. Allen) i! was sometimesnamed from Si€rra Leon€:on€ fron Iunbumbaor Dumbaiaand one from C/orrarcr,ir before finally being designatedas Mrngos ganbi- Bonlhe Island:nine fron Ghana: four from Ejura.one ftom Bole, anrr. This srill provessomewhat ofa misnomeras Crmbia is the one from Kete Krachi: one lrom Tara Brenias,and two hom the tanheslw€st this speciesis (or wasl distributed-For a nongoose MoleGame Resere,.nd onefron lheOgun ForeslReseffe. south whichBooth in 1960found easily$e mostabudant camivorein of Seperari.in \igeria. Coetzee(1977) slaledfta! ir occurredin fte Guinea savenah zone of wen Africa , remarkably few Nigeria to fte nollh of the coaslal fo.ests md mainly soud and observationshave been made, few specimenshave b€en collected, west of rhe \i-ser Riv€r. Child (in Roseved. 19?1)recorded thar ''packs andas f€w lo€atiliesare cited in the lilerature.Rochebrune (1883) wereno! infrequeDtlyseen in thedry sea5onthroughoutthe llated tha! it occurredoo Ihe banksolthe Gambiaand Casamence Borgu Reseryearea in w€stem Nigeria'. Here i! is also cited as occuning in lhe Yalrkari Game Reserve (Afoloyan & Ajayi. 1980).and irom iganganFRand Krinji Lake NP (Happold.1987). The Nadonal \4useumof Natural Hjslory (Washingron)holds a specimenfrom Sienso,Ivory Coast. wh€respecimens were also couecrednear Lrmlo (Bourliere .r d1.,1974), and recordedfrom Toumodi (Hoppe-Dominik,in prep.), Como€ NP {Roth ,t a/., 1979),and Sangb6NP (Minner, 1983).

St.ingely enough(as other authorsslated Nigeria to be lhe extremeeasMard disribution limit), Jeannin(1936) found lhem Io be rafter cotrl'nonin Cameroon, and especiallyin the noith rbove the B6noudRiver.

lI occursalmost exclusively in lhe Cuinea woodlandzone jusl inland of the high foresl but may penetnte into the raher irmrlJrDoka ber (Ro\ev€.r.Ia7r,. lr dlso.eem5 ro occut in Jeas wrlh sandndges and spjrse gnss (BonrheIslald off the coastof Sierx Leonel, and co$Ial scrub such as is ibund on $e Acc.x Fig- l-Crmbid mongoose(ruan3,r 3darir,,r). showing pldns, Ghana.wherc Cnsdrle (1946) ibund them to be fairly Senerallyunifom colour. il beenstudied (Her Exceprfor theskull. onlv the palatineronsil hls DescriDtion Cn,ne. rah.r long. hrsh pelage Underfurconpletelv 1928). sp€ck' lacking(also in|l!uqr). UPpersidebrownish-gtev' brighllv characteris the vellowish Hrbits led wih vellow.lvlosr conspicuous To d] intents and purpos md whne line strelching Roseve"r (1974) srited: *ilt" rr't..ur-A o' """1' sidea black lield 'o€ be)' eyes'back of nothing is known ol rhese md not r single f.om rtreeil ro thefo.et"g Soou!.ring aroundthe wh€iher !h u" ""t ""I"","r. It is therclorenol known are.lof hindfeet,and tip of tail black-Sole of Iro'iaia forefeet.aisnat way the communalhabitsofn!u8d and tr The a$alscem glands have nor b€en soeciesshares in any i;'atoor noi"a to rrt"n""1. rssumedliom fte sm3ll size to thos€of M nrrngo ,imitar tusirnanse.it can onlv be describedbu! will probablvbe sinilar probablv almost entire mm irr" i..,t trt", tr't" r""a it *eilk and soti Lensrh of headand bodv i 295-360 mm Tail-lenglhi 200-220 av€ragel'50o (Jeannin' i;s€crs.Booth(1960)addedlizirdsandmicetolhedie!ands!at' ni'ir"."r"'*tr', 55-71mm weighc s mgelher'dd comrn ihat up to 25 animalsmav be encountered l9l6). lwtttenr nicrte while moving throughthick cover' by iiequent ro six individu: ;hichclearly h€lpspackcohesion Plcks olfive Theskull is very much like thatofM nug' butRoseve'r Ghata (Cansdale.19+6) in Nig€na thev are rar( differences'He consideredrhe Sdnbianils arenonnal in (1974)cired several conrJinorl\ I0 ro 15 individu differencemay be smrll and oie,'ed.rnd packsno.mfllly .urff ,o."*lt" ""rr"** bu! this ipLoll hrvebeenoosen r skuus LHrppold.1987,.sh'leinIvoD Co$r oossiblvnon exisrenr if a sufficientnumber of 8d'1bid' average (Bourler€ er dl.. 1974) ioura te exarninea.Six aduh8dn'ianrr skullshad an rpercenr' o' 5l ,"""-"" tt**tt.*a' tooasalrenglh rulron them agtu ar'€J The prtclice ofsnashing objectsbv throwins .2 ro5 rr asJrn(t5+ 'nnge 5l Io i7, for18 trJun hir ,.ui.qe h'ra. e'rl.' horTon{dlvbacks rrd\ rhJoughlhe n*-da. andBurundi) Rosevearalso found .omern'ne .r"r'r, A*n] Z"i*. do*n Io.he ground ha5been observed|-rl po'rdenLrlpalate i5 eenerall)slrghtl) broJder lee, or renrcrll} rhatin nlnco lhe (lclnermid dlbl'dldd)' the Marsh m' lhe differencers n^re mar\ed rhe wiite-tail€d nlongoos6 ,r''""J-e ";'1. rn;,.ai,axr ' ' dnd lhe banoedmonsoose This fie breaothSeven rdult €Jrb'rn'J "oo". tarir*t prtio;n^u lens$ o;inq onlvabour hllt Gdnoian rronsoo'e Lnstuc po'rdenralpildte 13rro rpel i"".", "* "i.. a"*"u.d rn Ihe *"rrs ",a a" ""e.rpel,esdlhlengrh without the animal e 'r9 for 26aduh was firsr observedat ca ltree monrhs ""ntt or++t'*g.+ito S+)rgainst (range35 to 58) thereis having seensuch action before(Darch€n 1988) .,,", 't"rit.lt*r' a"esthe difference seem small but Rosevearnoted that the most obvtous comoLereoverlappin-s (1936) lhat \hev hunt ai nighl" (whicf in theteeth: in gdnbrdnlr J*nnin staed differencebeiween lhe two specieslies preferlo live in termite hil qhen Io Inecrm']r' 'i7ed certainiy inconect). ord thai thev inevue rern.rt,ot'5mrll comDoed veD aftecrionar! *ai a 17mm (r3n-ae n.) rppdr.nrfl tame eJs l) and become Inonno,'..op fheJ'tmge lengtn oi rheP 'r) crplrvirylree 3lto Ddchen l988) i.i ii j.a ,ii **" t"'l'anrr and4 e3(ranse 1'5 to 5 tbr25 li; lon8erInar'€orhs ,,,,- *;tr ,r'tri''*rner\e!3ee gau bi?nrir' was descri lhereerhm"\be(he A hookworm. Art,'?cepidnrr ,""r.r,rr".,-an.o".,1-pping) the:r/eof mongoosernat olet rrn 'oco' from lhe intesti.e of a capiive Gambian ;',.i'",||.,", 'kurrdrrre;;nce HlvnJn ssde^on died from racl in rhe LondonZoo (Onlepp L925)ianother specimen "."ra ain **"" u.t**n n!,lso andgd'rbianur because "fie is snall andalmost (Scor. 1928). laner carolrdforamen in lhebasisphenoid angular obscuredfrom view by a p€culiarinegulailv fonned of thebulla This "."i",i* r"**a "f ,n" "ntero'intemalangte (amr\ore' bur 1,,.i.** -*""0 * n"'nan ro beunrquc rn lhe ofseasonl ---' T A. & Ajavi S S lg80 Theinfluence rounoiI Itomrrme ro rimeIn orhermonPoo'e AfolaYan.' no,.'.. 'io'+, ". rrreai.r'iU'rion.f largemammals in fi e YanlGriG . g-p."t ichhetmonand Crcssarchlsansorset- ttrrlr, ". Reserve,Nigena At J tc'] 18(1):37-96 Brll i Alien,G. M t939 A checklis!of Afficanmammals Con7 Zaol.,a313"763 Ahico Lo^! eoottl. A.. i. 1960 s,.l.,attmannals of tvest crouDLtd., London. 68 PP Les gr BourliCre,F, Mirmer.E. & Vua(oux' R 1974 r' manniferesde ta regionde Lamto C6ledlvon€' nalio 38(3\:433'44'l' Longmans c Cansdal€,G. S. t9'!6 Aninals ofwest Afri'd & Co, Londoo l44 PP' t' C. G l97? OrderCamrvora: Pan8 Pp lJ2 Co€rzee,- (J mammalsot Afncr' an rdentificarionmanual lnstn Meester& H- W. Serzer,eds) Smirhsonian D C r { inJr'Jlc LocJlrr_eso-r Press.Washington. J S.f'n.rn nrpo sc lemAl r(J de l The ? o,.ct'"n. s. lqSS r',,'"1'ede Noi ouIl'harye folrrure ..ir"..a 'p".i.*' of &e Grmbiin mo'3oose (1936) Toumon.Poris. 168 PP' in{iicreslhe regionmenlioned bv Jeinnin 1'). Dekeyser.P.L. 1956.Le Parc Nationaldu Niokolo-Koba3. Mus.Hist. Nat.,l3)6:l2t-134. Mammifer€s.Mln. .l'rt. rlanE. Ah. Noire!A35"ll Rochebrune,A. T. de. 1883.Faune de S€n€gambie. MarnnifCres. Happold.D. c. D. 1981. The nan als of Nisetid. Ctnendon Act. Soc.Lisn. Bordeatu\13711):49-203. Press.Oxford. ,102pp. Rosevear,D. R. t974.Thecarnirores ofwesr AJtica Trusteesof H€!t.M. L. 1923.Tbe conparative anabmy oi thepalatine ionsil fie BriiishMuseutn (Nat- Hist.), London,548 pp. Proc.Zool. Soc. London 1928:843-915. Rorh,H. H., Miihlenb€rg,M., Roeb€n,P. & Banhlott,W. 1979 Jeannin.A. 1936.t6?J uan n{ercs sawaeesdu Canercln-P^rl CegenwirnigerStatus des Como€- und TalNationaipaJk Lecbevalier.Paris, 250 pp. sowie des Azagny-Reservatsund Vo.schhgezu deren Minner.E. 1983.Erudes et propositiorspolrr Iam6nagement et la Erhalrungund EnNicklung zur Fijrderungdes Tourismus. mis€en valeurdu Plrc Nationaldu MonrSmgbe Rapport P. N: ?3.2085.6,4Vol. Fcu-KmnbergGnbH, Kronberg. Eauxe! Forels,Bia'*ouma. Sanderson,L T. 1940.The mamnats of the nonh Cameroons Ogilby,W. 1835-No ritle(account of som€Marnmatia md birds forest area.Being the resultsof the Percy SladenExpedi- from the Gambia).Proc. Comn. Sci.Corres zool- Sac- tion to the Manfe Division of the British Carnercons London1835:91-1O5. Truns.zoot. Soc. London 24(7)t623--t2s Ortlepp,R. J. 1925.On Arthrccephalusganbiensis n. g.,n. sp..a Scou.H.H. 1928.Repon on lhed€rths occurring in theSociery s n€wankylosome from an Aflican mongoose.J. Helnirlr', Gard€nsduring the year lgn. Proc Zool Soc. Landon 3(3/4):151-156. 1928:81-l19. Pous.rgu€s,E. de. 1894.D€scription d'une nouv€lle espace de mammiftrc du genr€Crrrrdfcrlr et consideratioossur la dpanidon gaogaphiquedes crossarches rayes. Nouv. ntc,. Jan Verbertlei,15, 2650 Edeg€m, Belgium

Palawanbinturongs in captivity

photognphsof Pslawanbiniurongs in lhe possessionof Mr. Antoniode Dios.Mr. de Dios hasone of the lsrgestand most successfutparrot breedingfacilities in the world and in addidon ke€psa few naive manmatsof th€ Philipprnes

The pictures p.ovided by Dr. Miltermeier all show bin- lurongs wilh grey lor€ and bind Legscontrasting wilh the d&ker body colour. The underpansof one animat, which is picrured climbing up the wire letting of the enclosure,are buffy Although cerraidy more animals need to b€ seento evaluate individual colour varialion(which can be frirly extensivein binhrrong populations).lhese obseraations suppon lhe s|atemeniby J A Alten thatrhere may b€ extemal featul€s disiinguishtng Pslawan binturongsfrom ofier populalions.

The occutrenceof fie binturongon PalawanI has b€en bown sinceL88J wnen A. \4dcnecollected rwo 'p

Prlawa.:1binturong. Photo: RussellA. Mitt€rmeier In l9l0 J. A. Allen foundtlrc differenceswith oder forms imponant thar he crealedr new species,Arrtlctis whitei He Tbe binturongs (l.crictis , inturong whiei) ol he islar,tl of so 'the Palawan (Philippines) are probably dr€alened, though litde is gave an eirensive descnptionof ibe p€lageand statedthat a€tualiy known on lhei! starus. Also, ihere has been no r€cent Patawanbinturong is noBbly differenl in dehils of looth stftc$re taxoflomic revision of the bintuong subsp€ciesthus leaving us n from the Indian andSurnalran fo.ns. andi' *te colour of th€ head' the ignorance which oa th€ va.ious described subspeciesare valid. which is of rhe same genemlcolour as the rest of the doNal surface'-Pocock in 1933gave it subspecificstatus and found it 'Cons€rvation "closely D.. RussMittermeier. Director oi Intema- rclaledlo p?nicll1aolr(Java and Bomeo). but apparently rional", WashingtonD.C.. USA, hrs kindly sent us a numberof distinguishedby its snalierand lower skull .

13 Tlie preseni siaius of musteiids and viverrids in Japan Hiroshi SASAKI

Ten speciesof musrelidsand rlvo speciesof vivemds rcc'dendy invaded Kyushu being b.oughr by ship trom Ko.€a inhabit Japan.Licensed hune.s rre legatlvpernired ro hun! fie around 19.r5.They klve€xrendedfteirrange in Kyushu Shkoku, ElnsiultnbadgerMelsr n?l?r. rh€hp,rnese minen Ma esmetam. and the wesrempan of Honshu. pus ne ldnpus, aJ,d.n\zles of lhe Sib€rim weasel ,t/l?Jr?la fibiri.d and the Japaneseweasei Mlrr€ld irarrrdudng rhehunting season_ The numbersofhunted Sibeoanand Japanese llexsels ee In Japanth€ hunting season ofthese mustelidsha5 been ser fo. rwo .apidly decrc:Jing.As illegal hundng of rhesespecies js very monlhsin winrer.Incase inimrls danrse a-qriculruralproducts or populr. fte otficirl numberof.1i27 buntednimats in 19E; is an p€ople, tlrey can be hunredall rhe ve]r round wilh pemission. Among the mustelidsand viverrids. rhe Americanmink Mrsle1d lisol and the Mlsked palm c|\er Pagrma tanata nave o9en 2. Mustelo etminea T^e staat'Uunelo ermineaincludes two subspecies.M. €. oientalis rrd M. e. niponitr,Japan.Mustela ermineaoientatis is The Envfonmenral Agency caregorizedwildlife in Japan d'stributedin nonl,eas(Siberia and in Hokkaidowhere ir is rare. "vutnerable,, in tbur cat€gories, extinc! , endmgered, md Mustela erminea ''|are nipponis disribured in th€ cenre and thenorth, in i989. Th€re is a difference be$een th€ definirions er5i ofHonshLr.lvhere its habiralis nainly fie high mounErn "Rare are3. fomutated by IUCN and Japan. . a! defined by rhe Japanese "rare". 'indeteminate', "insuffi- govemment,includes the and 3. Mustela nivalis Mmiyei ciently known" categoriesof IUCN becauseof rhe scarcily of Musteld niralis naniyei is disrribuled in Kurites. Sakhatin, infbrmation on maiy sp€cies.ln lh€ lapaneseclassificarion the Hokkaido. and the nofthem pan of Honshu. This subspeciesis 'endangered,' I^pnneseotret Lutru Luna wrireleli belongsin lhe comrnonin Hokkaidobut irs rangeis limired in Honshu.There is caregory, 6l]]eTsushirna maflen Manes nelanpus ts!?ruis in rhe ljnle ''eulnerable informarionon this subsp€ci€s,especially in Honshu. category,and tbe Sroarl:t!$e/a emired andrhe Sea 'rd.re' oaer EnhJ&a lutris ii t\e caregorv. 4. Mofles nelanpus The Japanesem4nen Marrer rreldrnp&r includes two sub- The Agency for Cultural Affain iesaliy designaEd rhe species in Jap&ln(M. n. r'llelanpus and.M. m. tsuenrtr), and one Japmeseotter and Tsushima manen as special narurrl monumenB subspeciesin th€ Korcan peninsul^(M. n. corcenss). rn 1065dnd I9?l respecriver). Mafles nelonpus nelampur is disrribured in Honshu, Kyu- l. ,Vuskla kalsi, M- tibirica .orcano, and .U. vilon shu, and Shikoku, bur ha! rec€ntly been found in Hokkardo too. The Japanese weasel MusteLa rarri was regarded as a subspeciesof rhe Sib€rianwersel Mrrr?1a srri.trd, bu! Watanabe ?r dl. (1985) concludedfrom gen€licalsudies lhar the Japanese weasetshould be classifiedas a separatespecies.

The Japaneseweasel M!$c/a iarsr i'€ludes rhr€e subspe- cies. M. i. itdtsi (Honshu. Shikoku. and Kyushu), M. j. rro (Yakushima and Tuegashima), ^,ad ,tt i. asaii (Izuoshima). Abour 1900the Japaneseweasel had exr€ndedirs rangerogerher wiih the expansionof the Japanesecolonization of Hokkaido. Recendy ils range has decr€ased in Hokkaido because Amencan mmks escap€d frorn fur fanns and spread rheir range esp€cia y dong rivers (U.aguchi & Saito, 1988).

Tie increaseof human populadondensity modified and madelhe urbanareas unsuitable for rheJapanese weasei. so lhat ir disappeared in the urbin areas. ln ihe wesrem pan oi Japan. |he Siberian weasel has extended i$ rang€ in the urbsn areas from which lhe Japaneseweasei has vanished.

or-ranesa3hi@ Japanese weasels wer€ inroduced to Hokkaido, Honshu, YakushtEa Ky'rshu, and Nansei Shoro(Ryukyu Archip€lagora J lerr from 1921ro lo77 Jnd rheiroflspring i( )ri.t presenrin man) -,u ,oi *urto"nir"

",".' '-oki@uaiixai

Mustela sibirica coreanais disdbured in fte Korein pen irsula and on Tsushima(Japa). which is locatedberween Korea and Kyushu. Many individualsof rbissubspecies are supposed ro haveescrped irom tlr ftms nearOsaka around 1930.They rlso Schemad. map of tapan Herelhey ffe supposedto havebeen intentionally releaed. About nalive lo or introduced in Japan is under examination. About two I€n thousandsof thesemrfiens are hunl€d erch y€ar. hundredmasked palm civets are killed every yffr as pests.

The l'u\hrma .ndnenVa ?r ncldnput ttuentis$ en. l0- Hery.stes edwa si demic onty in Tsushimr.It is legallyprohibited lo hunt this The Indian grey mongooseHeryeves edvanlsi w?s in,{o subspecies.Itis commoninTsushima but categorized $ 'vul.er duced to Okrnawajimaand Tonakijima in l9l0 as a predato.of abl€ by fie EnvronmentalAgency ai ii liv€s on small and ruts and of the venomous snate Trin?rcslrrc akinavensis, bllt later became extinct in Tonakijina. A sm3ll number of rnongoose (l/erp€r@r sp.) was recently introduced ro Anamioshima. 5. Mafles ibeqina b chrura Maneszihe inabruchyura is distributedin Hokkaido.We The authorwishes to $ank ItI-r.K. Uragochi,Dr. Y. Obara. do nothave €nough information on thissubspecies bu! its numb€r lvlr. H. Yashiki. MJ. S. Waianabe. and Dr. M. Harada for the usetul migh!be small. There is a possibiliry|nal M. ;. bracl)&rahas to competewith M. n. ntela pus who invad€dHokkaido. Urgenr conselvationof lhis subsp€ci€sis ne€ded. Lisr of l0 speciesof mustelids3nd 2 speciesof viverrids known to occur in Japan: 6. Meles neles anakuna Meles melesanakuna is dislributedin Honshu,Shikoku. Mustelidae andKyushu- There are ven fewstudies on thissubspecies. About two lhousandbidgers are hunled every year.

1. Lutru lutru whiteleri Sibenan weasei It is legallyprohibired to huntthe Japanese otrer but there arc very few individualsleft in Shiloku. We havebeen sudying Stoa! thisspecies in KouchiPrcfecnrre and considering the possibility of captive breedingrnd reintroduction.

Inaizumi & Yoshiyuki(1988) propos€d lhat L&r/a/xtrz ,nteleli in Honshuard Shikokushould be consideredas a Sable s€parat€species, alrr/a nrppon.I lhink lhis proposalneeds to b€ Eurasian badger discussedmore as lhey studied only a smallnumber of animals. Eumsianoner Sea oiter 8. Enhrdra lutris 'lhe seaoner Enht"dra lrtrir hasbeen obs€rved in lhe eair of Hokkaidoevery year, usuaily in summer.for thelast ten y€ars. Only sohary individlalsstaying for n shondme are sighred. Indian g1€ymongoose

Laboratoryof Ecology,Department of Biology, The Maskedpalm civer Pagrna lrnard showsa discon' Facultyof Science,Kyushu University, 6.10"1, paftem nect€ddistribution in Japan.l! is foundin Shikoku,and in Higashi-ku,Fukuoka 812, rhecenrral md lne nonheasemregion of Honshu.Wheth€r it is Japan.

Conservationstatus of the EasternSpotted skunk

Thc Ea@m spon.dskun( is toud rlftuehout tnemidse$.n &d.dr.n lpotred skunk wm abundmr on fms with numcrousold bnildinF &d *@d Uf,ncdS$..s. Of,. suht6p.ci.s(1, ilotdl. putori^ intenpta) ol this skwJf appeus piles, bur weF lely found on weu l@t ralfu. to hav. und.laod. r aprd d.clin. in nunbc6 thb!3!o!r nos of th. Mid*.st wherc it mc. ws qun. .bondet. Thil rubsp..i6 k no, lisr.d s c.dseftd in Miseuri Anoth.r subsp..i.s of bll)ee6&m spdred .\nil lspilota| p"taiu M- mdNdGltcncdinK&s$adlowaI!Gal$lineds! sFciesofsp.c'rlcod..m ,dn rir) * still iblnddr in south.n nondi- Tnus-*c d. crfttly tn.nptitg ro i. Monb4 a lp€.ies id n..d ofco.edarion in Ncbr6ka. sd is consid.r.d r@ ue this subsp.cies6 a mod€lb d€yelopfretlods ro. captiv. popasatiof,,rh€eby by the sbtes ol Nonh Daloa md Oklahoma.Tlre saius of d. spoted skunt i5 insurinstha! pleedurcs will b. rt.ilabl. ro pr.en. genedcdive*ny in Fhndt unknownin Louisi$a.Soud DatoIa, Miss'ssiDoi. Arkes6. ed Tex6. populaionsor lhesponed skul ii suchctim b.com.se,earEl.

Ther.a$ns for thN npid d.cUncr. unlnown.Th. sbifi to ld8.r tms ed 6e rconpst,ng dcsrnd'onof lence@ws, cEek bonons. smnll *ed lorsbd JoyceB. Kaplan and RodneyA. Mead, diltrpidlred r'ln buildines ro ma*e way for mor€ od cleael im lrd hat DepartmentoI BiologicalSciences, pobrbly plxyedrcontnbuhgrcLe. Field nudres wereco.ducred on thi5 sp€c'es 'n lowa in 19,18by w D. Crabblf.r1 .VraDg,18:201-:32). Crnbb rcpoded rhat Univ€rsityof Idaho,Moscow, Idaho 83843, USA l5 Situation of the Europeanand American Mink populations in the lberian peninsula

FranciscoPALOMARES

The hck of knowledgeon the distribution.ecotosv_ and blolog)ol borhEurop

Ar presenr.rhe Eu.opean nink is only distriburedin the Centre-Nonhof the IberianPenjnsuta tFig. t). The presenceof Europernminl wasnor evident for somefony yeffsjn $e Ib€riin Peninsula.unril rhree individuats w€re caprur€d in Cuiprjzcoafor the iirst time (Rodriguezde Ondarn, 1955).youngman (1982) PENINSULA lhoughlthat fte speciesspread into Spain from the coasral re-qion oi FmnceLlLrn: the mrd t9a0\. In lhene\l ver, capturerin plac€snea.r Alava and Vizcaya provinces. as wel as in a locatity inNavaninedihe Guipuzcoanborder. confimed the presence of ( thls sp€cies Puenre Amesroy, L956; Rodriguez de Ondarm. I 963 ). In 1970it wasrecorded by hunr€rsin Sanranoe.ano wesrem Navarraprovinces (Blas Aririo, i970).And fina y. in 1983.and Fig. L Presen!disrriburion ares ofEuropern mink, Mlrplr trrrs, afrernot havinsbeen deiected for morethan fifteen years. the o/d (asrerisk).and Amedcan rnink, Mx$?la ,rso,r(circte) specreswas cir€d again in Navara(Senosiain & Donezar).tl has in the lberianPeninsuta. b€errecorded from nvers of boththe Mediterran€anand Canra_ bnanbasins. and according ro recentdala its disributionarea is L A detailedand accuraresrudy of rhedisriburion of rhetwo €xpandrngto thesoutheas! a factseemingly verified by Navarra sp€cresin thenonhem Iberian Peninsula. hunters,who had nor met jso. lhe speciesuntil a shontime The 2. An increasein secuntymeasu.es in breedingfa.ms, so as !o ELropeanmr* I"a'been crprurcd;n rosn\and nearctef;" tre avoidthe escape and expansion of Americanmints in fi€ witd. asnear very pollured rivers. Theotter, a,',? /rra. waspresent at Th€semeasures musr be especially sricr in thepresenr known thesame ltme ar leasrin rwoof rhoseriv€rs in Navara. areaof distribudonof lkrrerla. J. Thebegrnnine oi re\e chi.ri\ rrre\on borh (pecie5 e(otoCy. Feralpopulations of AmericMmink havebeen present in mainiyaimed at krowine rheirneeds a, well as feedingand rhelb€ri3n Peninsula afte.escaping from breeding fams for so,ne habitatpreferences. years(Delibes. 1983). Popularjons of this specieshave been reponedin central (SW ponugal, Spain,caiicia Spain),NW and Noresearchacdviivon any of lhelwo speci€sin thelberian in a snall areain Barcelona and ( Ceronaprovinces Deljbes. I 983: Peninsulais cunentlybeing cairied oui. It wouldbe impofianrro Ruiz-Olno.1987: Vidal & Delibes.1987i Bueno & Bravo.pers slan acrivjriesby Spanishorganisms as well as ro oorama com.).Inthese lasr twoIocalirjes minks have been known toell]de cooperatronagreemenr berween Spain and France ro gua.ranteethe irom fams in 1983and 1984 and expanded rowards fie nonhwes! suryivalof theEuropeo mink in *es€m Europe. andsoutheasr. This speci€s has beendeiecred both in woody.qujer placesand in rhemost inhabired ones. Birds aDo esgs are me principalsummer prey in nofthwesrSpain (Vidat & Delibes. a lri Ariuo. L. r 9r0 fy!/ra bi,".a16gicou. laftnitia ,Ukskti.lae SqCN,M^dnd. 1987),and from on€ sromachand five scarexaminadons of B.,un. nonheasrpopularions, the resrs ofrhe foltowinghavebeen A.-t. 1990.The Eump€umint i. Fmc.r pa$ ud presen..,t gztir' & found: v iretntl Cons.-- . 3:5.8 I insect(Nrrraerrd sp.). I Atticotidae, I Satananarasanmanata, Delib€s.M. 1933Di5riburio. ed ecotogyoflberim cmivores: t sho(re!iew. XV I Nar* mdva. I Gatulus slandarius,3rnidentiiied birds. and Congr.Inr. Fxum Ciiegarjca y SilvenE.Trujilto l93t:359-t?8 Pr.r{eAmeso\. I lo50El !^ol a \L!d .!?!r,r,3 i L2_ Rodiguez,leO.d:h. P. 1955.Hallugo en Cuiptzcoa d. unnmd€rc nocnrdo ..lr Faunalb.nca deCabcra.Et P ori6 tuneotd Uuhibei:2Alf Thedishbulion ar€a of M. /rrreoldis r€srricr€dro a smail 241. zoneof the nonhemIberian Peninsuta, the ecologicaland/or Rodrisuezde Ondda. P. 1961.Nuevor dnros sobE el vr6n en Espana.M!,,r? social facron fiat der€rminerhis rsnge being unknown.On fte 15:l0l-104 Rui2-Olno,t. 1987.El vi56nmericso,,V4.e?, v,ron other hrnd. rhe Americanmink s€emsro be perfecrly adapted SchFb.r.l7?7 (Iralmrtja lo Mutclidae) .n C.taldltd4N.E. d. t^ Petiaslt^tbeica. D.naM ActaV.fl.. Europeanhabisrs and has expanded quickty. In thenear fuure the l0:2r9-22r. twospecies will probablyget inro conracr. wirh the imminenr risk Scnosiain.A. & Donrzu, r. A. 1983.Nrcvos datossobE la pceftia det vildn of theautochthonous Eu.opean mink sufferinSdispla€enenr .rrcp.o \Mutela luoeola L.) cr fiauda_ DonaM Arto Ver , t0:119-211. and Vidal.T & Delib€s- extrnction(see Bnun, 1990). M. 1987-Prineros 'lnlos sobE.t visin amdcuo (Var.ta v6o,)e.el SuresE d. Caliciy r_oes@de Potugat.E a/o3rnljl45, 152. Pfotectivemeasures rowards /roeold are urgenr and neces_ Youngnm-P. M. 1982.Dinnbudon md syqeda csor rheEuop.o nint M6r./d saryto guaranleei$ survivll sndexpaffion in the Iberianpenin, luneola Linmets 116.l- Acta Zaal. F.nn , 166:1'].8. suh. Bur beforeBking acrionthe rcal situarjon andecolosical (CSIC), .eds of rherso

Radoslawk'I*IAJSZCZAK & RogerCOX

The theriofaunaof Vietnm, in spire ol recent surveys. remainsvery litde known. This appliesespecially ro more secre- tive mammalslike most mustelidsand !ilemds. Up lo now some l0 speciesofMuselidae and Viverridaeh3le beenrecorded from rhrr (ounrr). Dunnp our \urve) ior thiertenedprimJres. con' ducredin 1989,w€ have beenable Io add 3notherspecies !o lhis nanol

There are two museum sp€cimensoi lhe Back_smP€d veasellM6tela strieidotsd) (Fig. l.) iron Vietnam,both taken quire recendy.The filst dimal, a maie. was collecredin 1976 within the Le Thuy Disdct, Binh Td Thien Province,approx! marely 17"N, 106"30E (Fig. 2). The skin andskull de preserved in thecollecdon of the Acdemy ofscience in Hanoi.The second one, also an aduli male. was discoveredin lhe local tnuseumof Cuc PhuongNadonal Park. According to fte direclor of the NP Mr. Nguyen Ba Thu and lhe museumcusros lhis anilnaLwas crptured md killed in 3 storeroom within (he NP headquaners in J'rne 1988.

l! seemsthat the sriped weaselis qidety distributedover suimblehrbna$ in Vietnam. The facr that lhe animal was taken qrrhinhumdn seLllemenr, in an area $ith r lotoihuman activities. surrounded by fi€lds and planhtioos at a radius of several hundred merers may indica!€ some degree of tolerance for anthopogenic altemationsof habitat.

Tbis would b€ a good time to draw artentioo to rhe rmpor- tance of the Cuc Phuong NP in regard wifi the conseffalion of Muslelidaeand Vivenida€.Th€re ar€a! leastII speciesknown to occurin fiis ar€a.Three of!hem: $e back-sirip€dw€asel(Murrrld rrrigidorua),Owstons paim civer (Chrorogaleowstoni), attd the Sporredlinrang {P/idarlrr pdrdr.o/a,j dreof gre.r con\ervrtjon inleresr.The existing facililies and .elativ€ly easy accessare sufficientfo. a ecologicaland long'Iem sratusstudy.

Fig. 2. Schemadcmap ofVietnam. Stars:two new recordsfor lhe Back-stripedweasel.

RadoslawRatajszczak WielkopolskiPark Zoologiczny,Poznan, Fig. L Drawing of a Back-stripedweas€l (,%.rreld rrisidr a) ul. Browarna25, Poland "Mammals of Thailand by BoonsongLekagul From Ih€ RogerCox and Jeffrey A- McNeeLy.W;th the kind p€nnission of Anong Lekagul MD. 9 Markham Square,London SW3 4UY, UK

l7 L4ustclids in the lasterii Red Daia Books

JerzyROMANOIVSKI

Followingrhe idea of the IUCN RedDara Book. simrlff charrcte.).usually under the Ree caregory.Th€ pine nanen is publicalionswere lrrerp.epared in mrnycountries. These n'riond classifiedas Endangeredin rhe Bulgeirn RDB, ahhoughabout Red Dala Books(RDBS) arracred me $ a porentialsource of l00lnimnlsJre still killedannually by hunrers.Full prorecrionhas informalionon mustelids and on lfiirud€s towardslhes€ inimrts as

The RDBS .efl€ct litlle inieresrin prorecdonof rhe Euro I prcsenrrhe srilrus ofrhe musrelids ioners excepred) in so ped muslelids. Protection of some endmgered species{i. e. calledEastemEuropeand USSR. bas€don: L nalionalRDBSirom Europeanmink) is not eslablishedrt rhe narionalor republican Bulsaria(1985), USSR ( 1985).and Poland (in prinD;2.repubticin level. Funher,s'rrprisingly few sp€ciesare recognized as Rare or RDBSfrom the CzechS. R. (1983)and eight Soviei Republics ev€n Indete.minate.The p.orecton measurespropos€d in rhe (1978-1987)(fora complerelist seercferences). These RDBs above-menrionedRDBS, wirh few exceptions.are ofsuch g€neral differ in official designarion.The RDB of USSRis m official chffrcter (i. e. further studies,be er sp€ciesproreclion. habilar documentof rh€Ministry of Agrjcultureand Academyot Sci- prorection).rhdl rher h,ive veD l,ltle\Jlue for promoungconser- ences,and ir givesleg prorecriooto all listedspecies. Som€ vationacl'ons. Fu.ther hindrarce ofconsenarion may resultfron RDBS(i. e. Larvianlrepresenr opinions of scienrificinstilutions. conlli.r.berseen proreLriun or mu,relro,rnd s3jnepolcie5. andorhers are signed by rermsofauthors. Borh fie scienrificbasis and qualiryof prcsenrarionvir_v greally among RDBS_ The na- Acknorvledgments tionalRDBS are professionally donei rhey include specific dara, D.. V. Sidorovic provided me wilh rhe dara on the RDBS of maps,and good references. Some of lher€publican RDBs do nor, Byelorussiaand RSFSR.I would appreciarei-ny additionalinfor- how€ver,maintain rhat level and give only a gen€ratdescriprion. marionon cmivore5 hom orhernar.onJ RDB) somedmeswirh obvious enors (i. e. incoFectLatin names). Refer€nces Nine mustelids(besides oners) are listed in the RDBSof RedDao a@k ofAmenid SSR:Re mdendue.€d sp.cies of oinats.1987. Eall Europeand the USSR. The status ofrhese specres rs summa- Airunie K. A. & Movsesid.S. O. (eds.).Ai6h. Eftv&. RedDiF B@koi By.lodssSSR, Vilnius. rizedin Tablel. As som€ofthe RDBSused non,standard crireria RedDala B@k oiKuakh SSR.R@ md endmgeredspecies oiminals dd tld6.. of statusdescripiioo, I convened rhem to thenearesr IUCN RDB PM L Vertebraes.1979. Kaind. Alna Ara. critena.The Yakutsk RDB includedno species from Table I and RedDaE B@k of theLdvia SSR.Ree od enddeeedsp.cier oi dimals ed plu6. t98J.Zinab. hblhhing House.Risa RedDah B@k oi Peopl.s Republic ofButgaia Vol 2.Aninals. I935. BAS. Sofir RedDaia B@k ofPolsd (Ed. z. cloweinski).lnpnnr. The Marbled polecar (Vomela peregusna) is the mosr RedDau B@k orRsFsR. Mosrva. frequendy listed sp€ci€sGeven timet, usually as Rare, and is RedDlb Bookof Tu,khe.ssR. vol. L veneblatesmd pluG. 1985.Izd. rj'Y.1ill-;,1*h:b"d:. rrwalsprorecred *hen risred. Tle RDBof rher ssR pro,erFy. - ^ peresusnaperesusnaasaR,"eandDecreasingsubspe"i.,.;d i [::B]::"":i;lihfil]H'"1d::":"i,:::X]flll4h'-- "., percgusna pduidor a. a Raresubspecies. The fonn€r subspeciesis L 1985.Lesnaja pronystennon. Mskv'. also listed in the Ajrnenie RDB, and in Turkmenisrd rhe en_ RedDab Book or Yaku6k ASSR. (Ed N.c. Sotomonov).t987. Nalka, Novosi- dem,csubipecie\ \ p"rcsusna'a\hemfto\t ii p.ore.red.The '*_"_ "j:3rJ{'d"'li,: "-_, rtrt ._.__-,___-ortndrceed sp'c.s orv'nebfaas orczech sR Paud'k' occurrenceor fie malbledfor".", i,' p.o,"""a -"u-l i, ,.;;i;; most RDBS:in Bulgariaand Turkmenisranrhe penalry for killing tbe animal is established. Table l. Mustelidsin Red Dala Books- Th€ Europeanmink 0l/rffela /rrr?a[4) is listed as Exlinc! Ex: Extincl E: Endangered;V: Vuln€rableiR: Rffe; h Poland, Czech SR and Bulgaria, and as Rare in Lrtvia and +: Prctected;*: Game:-: No regulaiion: Kazalhslan. Occurence in prorected areas is not rccorded. It l: indicaresproteclion of s€lectedsubspecies o.ly. seemsthatprotecion is often giventoo lateto this specjes,and Dot when thereare sdll goodchances forsuwival.The Europ€anmint is not prorectedor even listed in RDBS of USSR, RSFSR. and Byelorussia.Possibly lhe decision to ignore the starusof lhe Eulop€an mink is influ€nced by rhe gr€at imponance of minks ro

The Sreppepoleca! (M,re ra eyennanni\ is rccogaized as a Rare sp€ciesin Poland,Bulgaria. and Ukraine. In Polandir is kno\tn lo occur in protectediaunislic .es€rves.In Bulgana a pen y for killing lhe mimal is esnblished.

The oder six speciesof nusrelids: Stoar. weisel, Pine Dept.of VertebrateEcology, Institute of Ecology, man€n. Srone mailen. Honev-badger,and Bldger appearonly DziekanowL. 05-095Lomianki, Poland once or twice i. differenl RDBS (almosr only of republican l3 .reEurasian badger: An updateon statusand protectivelegislation

N,l.HANCOX

The Eurasianbadger has a v€ry wide distribudon.ranging Tlble L. Eurasi.rnbadger i,Uel?r '1?l?r), dislribution and legd liom Irelmd roJrpan.and hom the Arctic C;cle to thelatirude o[ p.otectionrmging ftom: F= Full, HS= Hunlingseason Arabia'lhe Himdlaycs- Hong Kong. The n us rnd pro€clion (closedseason cr December-June),N= None. rfforded ro popuhtions valies greltly within rhis nnge. as was ,nqrirpd rn \erslerre' ),Jo.] lqoo'. The.r'J:rrionremJih \eO Afghanistan:N l. lbnn.a,er.dnr. Albania: N?, Ando.rr: uncl€aris regardssome counmes, paniculffly in the Uiddle Elst N?, Austrir: HS mosdy(N-F), Balearics: Majorq ex- and acrcssto soufisrst Asia. And the positionis complic ed b:/ tinct?.form.raridn?rrir. Bangladesh: preseni?, Belgiom: syrnpatrywirh other badger sp€cies in these areas.Thus. the F since 1974,Bulgariar HS. Burma: r,Ie, China: N?, Honeyhdger (.{s/ri ora) occursin Egypt and Arabia acrossinto Corsica:absent. Crete: N, folrna'.a/llj, Cyprus:absent, southem Russiamd India. but the Eurasianbadger may have Cz€choslovakia:HS (limitedl). D€nmark: HS, Gam€ Act expandedfrom the good Isneli population into fte Sinai and 1967,EEC: B€m Convention,Egypt: possiblypres€nt, Egypt.The situationis evenmore conlused in southemAsiawh€rc Finland:HS. France: HS - N, by province.GermanyrHS, Hog badgers (,{rdan_x) occur and d&ough l4el6 is known from Gibraltar:absen! G.e!t Britain:F, l9ll, 1973,1981, Afghanisonand Nepal, it is probablyabsent ftom Assam,Bhutm. and 1985Acts. Gre€ce: N, Hungary:HS,Iran: rare,form Bomeo.Laos, Thailrnd and Vietnam.Both generaofbadgers co- cdr€rc?rr,lraq: r!Je.ibnn cdr€rcerr,Ireland, North: F, exisr in Chioa.Vlongolia, Nepal. and Tibet. wildlife Order1985, South: F. wildlife Acr 1976,Israel: F, form .ar?rc?nr.ltalyr F since1977, Japanr HS, Jor- Whereasthe Eurasianbadgeris regarded as an agdcultuml dan::rare. form canescens,Ko.ea. North: N?. forns pestin countriessuch as Swedenand G.eece.or as a rcsenoir of onurcnsisard nelonaeenys.South: F. Lebanon:rare, sylvaricrabies in pansof Austria, the speciesis in needof b€tter fonn.ar?rc?nr. L'echlenst€in: HS. Luxemburg: F, Malta: protectiono. enfo.cementof exisdng le-sislarionifl other lreas, ab.ent.vonaco. ab'enr.}|ongolia: N". ionn unlfenrr. digging b€ing a problem in, for example.pans of Britain, Bel- Nepal: rare,Netherlands: F since 1948,Nonvay: Hs, 'Full gium, and Germ.ny. In only two countri€sdoes protecdon Pakistan:presen!?. Poland: HS, Porlugal:HS, Rhod€s: include badgers€tts. lhe core area of badgerhabiiat: nonhem N, form r,{rdnrr,Ronania: N, Sardinia:presen!?, Saudi IEland andsome Dutch parishes.The sErusofsome of the island Arabia: pres€nr?.fonn canercerr, Sicily: Fesent?. Spain: speci€sis probablyvery precarious(Tabl€ L). F, Sweden:HS, Swits€rland:HS (F in Genevacanton), Syria: rare,fo.m cd'ercear,Tibet: rare,fonr, leuculus, Turkey: HS,USSR: HS, Yugoslrvia: HS. Fox. A. C. 1990.Rcseeh into drc Intemdonal Lrw of the Europ.d badg.t. Sroodrg ,var [email protected]:11. Hmcox, M. 1990 The Eu6ie badger: sarus md legislarive p@tec on, v6t./i/ & I ir.n1d C.nsen., 3)8. 72 BisleyOld Road,Stroud, Glos. GLs lNB, UK.

The badgersof Ashcroft Woods

...ard the destructuring of populations srudyin theNew Foresl, R. Pageiin Yorkshire.and c. Killinieyin the Chillems.Non-breeding may resultsimply from lack of an The Eurasianbadger (Melcr n"1€r L.) is d good indicator adultboar as in AshcroftWoods (allhough delayed irnplanhrion pe.ie' ol r\e ed.- ivFne',oi srldlifeconreflcrion measure' in mayresult in someliiers despiEdead of rheboar in themean- lnr given area. since populalions can wirhslandconsidenble time),or lackof a.eplrcem€msow as at A. MiddleroosMirfield hunan disllrbdce- Chris Fems\hild book on her Ashcroftbadg- sen ir Yorkshi.eind disruptionof populationsby cullingmay :rs i1990. Lnwm Hymu, London, | 12.95)comains lhe prose lead !o compleienon'breeding ov€r severalyears umil social lNm descriprionsol &e changing seasonsworthy of Richard groupstructure becomes re-established asin lhetwo TB-vacuum' "Our J.i:enes or w. H. Hudsonwhich characterisedher earlier of areasin southwestEngiand. "The rhe da*ness and dffkness is iight enough . Alas. rhe accountmakes dep.essing reading olherwise, since despite eight The conservationof badgersmust hence encompass the years of uffemrmng vigilmce on the reserve,25 of sone 34 rninhisation of humandisrurbance, the protectionof core habital Lnownbadger delihs (7dd,) were atlriburdble'o humdnJcri\iries: i. e. lhe breedingsett. as well as therescue and rchabilitation of nine lamp€rsand dogs. six shot, four dug out, four road, one injuredor oQhanedbadgers, wilh captivebred releases o.translo- snared,and one coppice lo.ry over sett. And whilsr only Llt€€ cadonsinlo hazard-freeareas lo restockd€pleted populalions Gee boars.nd six sowsachieved more thantkee yearsofage, fouf our Int. Zoo Ne\|s241:20. 209:3,2t4:16). offive sowswhich bredmore thanonce during lhis periodneeded rescuingfrorn premaruredeath via snaresor poachers. LI. Hancox,Animal EcologyResearch Group, Humd disrurbdce elsewhercwhich has resultedin non- ZoologyDept., breedineand only spondic occuparionof serls.i.cludes S. Ed- SouthParks Rd., Oxford, OXI 3PS,UK. wards sludv oi Enterklnewood Reservein Scodand.E. Ashbys l9

RecentLiterature

Dumd,n. B. Rib.s, C..souloum@. J. chmoi. G. & 0(?) 70 74 1In Ru$trnr id J fr./ crnivcnc. R. t939 Erp..menhl rtrdt or iehl Ansorge.H 1939.D'e Emrntungiikotogie de\ s,.i- gowrh inrh. Eu.op.!nbadqer v/.t.su.t6L.ur^- Kochler.c M._Btit.rtey,J. A & K€hter.T.w mrd€6 tar.r/,r! 6 den LrdschxnsvFn Jer ,drd 511):279-136.rrn Fcnch. EDstish\umm!. vrncn useor ruccesoidl rore{ ntrs.sd!.ini obert sir.. Populotiohsntat J,tu.tet sn4a.. w'nrerf ndn-c.nhL wrshLngronius.\r.,vorr, l:.1r3.J93.(Eigtkh tummlr-v) Fidlt, H. c 1939 To wur beLMuetiden 'n,ld DDR ^tj \ot..t)l|t)t-t i dks rrunturnl .\nsor,qe.H. 1939.Nahrunpskotogi\ch. \\pc[r. sci Partlttirh$L0l !/,rrsr Jtr{1r t.dlt9 6t6 Kiini-s.R. & \'liitler. F 1939 Zur Vrntrro, lr! hetlcn Brummrder. llris und Hemclin tt,ir.r uu,.r. Abze,chcn bci cin'gen :dun.Liden E,irsung! uti.la ltlun?]a tnra?ut. r)rtonL: P.rnir- Crirbdrakii d dt. 1939 Conplnove crro!.ie\s oa ncdode unde4r. Erg.bni$e ber8rtrfr, rdSr.m u.nnti.t j0{ lldrdet 5l!?.,. 2.49! ,EolLnh zh. 63(11196_r06tn Ru$Lm. mrd.r. D?ch! I|s und vrus{'.:cL pdk/,r,,J, rrot Maattr sbttd . !:331.r0i. apr.rbach.R r91J9.Ehotog6che yink Fomchevr. I. I zr dl 1990. tsc trLt.r\o.r sd Ko$rk. S. 1939.:r1uh,plc hunring by Lhr iLl R.d rbx d.. N$tuierwaht b€im Fcrchcn rkn./d rxr,r6 Ar.uriundisu 5!y c.,.r t6iL|Nt.t5. lnd u.rrarion of pr.y by sone ohrvo6 t.!z f Parrldnansatol lna Jtunb siju!...::A1 CoNrki. J & Lres. C.1939 D e slE.k.nenNLcUudg rr.rol..l.1rl6r:,0i 5t?. (vlr ld prrrrBl 5lr mmrry) lEighsh d.r ligdbaren \4ar&r.ni!en i\tun.tdr in d.r Lrdb€n. A 1990.Th. rbodolihe EuaiM blLig.'rv./.r Adc'. V & H@$ad.A. S.1990 Homenogerdhibid Derbchen Demoknrnchcn Repubtik. P,rrl, z./.J) inadeci,luo$ lbcn L! F6nc.: itukl vri use of wolve.inesC!/, "!1, in Ylkon. Crda. ronsnLal.,Uutdct 5r(sr.. l:j6t,3i0. rEi!tirh d'dns 'n .hc drei md fonging b.h!1iou. Cd'.f Holaret. E.ol.. lit3t:t95 2U) fou. S&v,?. 7:?l-17. (ln F.e.ch. Eigtirh sun Ben.J. A. 1939.Pdhogetucny of Cottlbhau.r j?jmt - Cnhrh. M.A.&Gon!fr. R. w 1990Hotoc.ie rcco'ds Lnmink and ferc*. Ph. D dns.f,.rion Univ. w5. 1939 B-2tike rcF.irir. *q!.nc. whnesde counly, nonhw.i.n lllinob,Lsr) in rhc Anencm mi* -qenmc. D,{1. {rdd vzlr B.ri.. v..Deserir. ivl.& Merd. R A. t990.Tenic,lr A,Et ttidt Ndt.. 1111t\'3191. 555R307(l)::26 ll3 1ld R6nr) Espon* ro m.r!ron'. or supdchirsmrnc ndct., cnphodiGky, A. s. .r ,r 1939.Compmrive rvogene Le.hL.nn.r.R. R An mJl$is oleme rge cnkna h r $llnon in rh. spotrcd skurk. J Etr. zool rs orMNerrdc rcrmron, Zrz,/ Zll 6l :tr96- Popul4ion of m'ni rlr,rr.ta 15ri | puturius ):1:.79 tsptta?at. latiJtuntl 106.(ln Rusir. Engthhrumm:i_r) {ro,). Ph D disr.nlion. Unv }tonr Blfdford. P 1991.Fenering .u! rhe potecar aac. HMow.H.&r"eten,R 1990SesonrL\etunurc!.fur Lod.. T. 1939 OtuogenesnofpEdrion behrriou ud wi1d14i 912)120- 126. inine nrios in wild rnd.edve Amenca s!d-reR. rh..ole ot precocialilimcnbryerp.d.ft. m.1'lr Bd(9.r, R. 1939 Zum Raumzengefuge beim Eurcpii, fdta.a @tB C.np BD.h.n. Ph.rt.l \ C.np etd pdo.ius. Mmaatia 53tt\ 19i,5(E nn Frcd.h. sch.n Dachs (,|'./.t zelsr). Potttrtotia.r;t.l. P,tw,/.. 95(l);65.63. .Uard.t 1jq.t.. (E.g16h 2:52r,53O Jummr4 r Hinun!, t 1939. Befunde rn den mlnntrch.i c.. Lode.T 1990.The di.r oar sma .miyorc::1. poteclr BoF.P & PIaisi.r.F. r939 p,rudi,rJ Then.mmats orrh.:\o(h Munehde' Ln .h. len or Froce C',8 ser klmd Lrse@g Cemriy). lwes D.ort., ntol vdrd.t 5a!1.,.. 1:!51!6a tc!,.S,tr!,{r7:193-103 ltnFrtrch Ergh$rn 39(12):6973 (lnG.md.Engl'shsunnd)!.V'tr, Hduba Yosh*1 & Tetuo Suzuki.1939 ScmDinq.L.c. ton d,croscopc nudy 0l rhe Ed pllp oi r-.rct Lo!e. D. W, \htrhers, J. R. & Vosete! C J. (.d5.) BGeck., R. 1939.Zur VcrbEirung und Okologied.s rpte.n.J E|(ton .'',./rr?.. l3(lr:190 100 BlackjoGd Itrt. td./, ,qa.a P?jm-jo2 yidks tM6r.ld yir,tr SchEb€, im B.zirk s.hrenn. Hlupt. W.. Hmnt,J. &tubbeck.R. 1939 A.rngzufr t: Th. officiri Wo.ld wildlile FundCu& ro En P.prlatiortbkol Mordt SAq.t., 2:t33 :J5 Endopdasirenb.falldes sreinn.rde^ ( v,ft rttn, dme.ed sFcils of Nonh An3ricl Eftleb.n. 1777)xus d.r Umc.bu(g von G:Drq Liips. P. 1939 Geshte.hrdLmorphrmusb.:n Dehs B.dhi.r. B ?, dl 1939.Use orEcombindr vaccinn- PapLtuti.n:6Lat .tlatd2t stts.t. :.6i: -61:. r?r.Jz./.rL. Aurpn-qmssiddund\'.sr.h.i,.r rrbi.s gtycoproreinvirus yacd'.ion tor orat ot ,ta.e., sa,v. rildLili qrinn nb'es: lmtruN ro s.!.hi Don sx*lev, V. D. EcologyoflhemMen n Ct!.i.r \rnonrl species. Irrllt. ./ Dtr Prk. !l.5 rheir. Utuv Monr l,!r'!,.roz.n.d,' Lups.P. r99o \un.n.al rnd meincrltudEs J' $. liur 15(4):i.10-517. (t./.J,J.tun Hen.P & PruLe.L. 1939.Cnno6.rncrt nven',qrnoiof pr.morain rh. EuoFr brdr!: v.Lr z.rr L z Bro.khuLz.n.S..Luc6. M. & Ili kens.C t939.Behrv fie Eurcp€rn blds.r (v.lsfid.J) liom rh. slovrt Srrqg.t?rr. 5J )r1&2i ilnc.ms. Engri 5um- 'ourof avou.sBeechmd.nfen!\etvo .sJina CIp hilns. Folt Zorl 33(+r:07Jl-m. Enlebei. l7l7l during disp.6ion Por'!ir. Henry.5. E. & Raphrl. M. C. 1939 Obsenrdonsot Lups.P & Rop€r.T. J :990 Crmrbat,sn :i I r'.rJ. tiottukot Manl... Siieet 2:!12-132. . coptrlrlonol fre rmung Amen.rn mder \rr'rr. 5adgett\t.t.s ntt?e Ini&rcrd. o flldt / Bumer. c w. Movemen6and hr !4r. i]/dr 70{t):J2-.13 2,,/.. l:l(l),llr':rli fr anen'nclrcier NdionalPrrk. vLrn'afu LUSA).\r HehiGs.K. Pa!1u5.Jl.. wrchrr. E. &R.LL. .r.p Lushnikolr.T .rdl 1939€.oRi 3Jn BnUl amtE ol s. d.ns. uatr. Motu.. 1t0pp. r989 Th.minorcid\equ.i.eotrhedoubte h:rd.d rcFtr'ed *qu.n..s 'n nurkld, c.4...r 5r3r: Buz.ck, s 1939.Beme*ung.n zur hinonschenE.. prore,nArinh'btror irom b!d,sc.L. r49. t160.rtn Rusru Enet6h5umnD) mrd,buldr -!lmds.Pn 4"r 5.vr.r8 Dolo lral Lushilloy!.T..,d/ 1939 phvlo€.d.ncGkroch,p.ot y.4.s srtntutd.t nrans lL ). llud.s tbtna clos?rvrcired spcc'.sofd. nun.lid rmrtj-.Inrcr \Etrt b.nl. Popkldno,nilol ,Udhlet Sin!.!. Hombndos.L, Vidrl, Y -Rodeslld.K..Bnunnzer.C.& sp.ciesvrilbt y ot tcrlr.xrion ot Ennr@n sir.s I l7l 186.tEn3lish \unmrry) \leuz'].E. 1939.Crmivon: Thc pnmb ntuco.eol or BmHl ap.a6 C.Nnta 15t6\:iA61r0 Chorolchu,\. S.ubb..V. & Samtaa.R. 1939 Vffbrci. rhe d,chdfs ol Lfe I ltndr./, p!r,zx5 r1d, heno. r,{acmanod,., . Pm.nr.r. R.. tohNn. K. & Ci!2tuIt. C. IunS d.s Tigenkis t/o.,pld ,...36nc (cu.lden, stabins Siot chtn. Hopp.s.rt.r 37at]ltt:11t3- 1939.Snall llrrlrmar acotodizarionoi fi. youot naed..1770) inEu6ien u.ds.inshtus Lnder\tdn- ||i3. Sr.Hel.ns volceo y rwashmcto( USA) tr.i .l,{;d. eoli*i.a atksep\btik. P.p rtu ri.n'ni;a|.,u on1? r Hopp.. H. 1939 Zuchr.dbL-qeb€i Nd.., t22(2):165137. jJ!'.J ]')d]j90' llngtr!h \ummq) noi6\L. t15a\ Papxttnonikol van!?t 5dns4. Voran. T. 1939. Ein,qe Asp.kr. zum gee.i$ng.n cluk. T. w. CrmpbeltnI, T. M. & Hruprme. T \ verhllren des Europrisch.n 1939. D.mognphic chldcr.isrcs or Amcnc.n J.daejersk', vr' & tedrzel.*ski. B. 1990 Etfe.' oi ! Amedmischen Nee.s M!r.1, ' I mlnen popularion! in Jrckso. Hol.. wyomn,s. predrors visir on rhe spliri dtrrnbu on Di bmk R fl. und Z.nnurung Poptlaranrjk l Uarazl ,r9(l):537 6.?r! Acri, ,Vr,. i96 voks: erp.noe.s $irb qz6.\s Clr I 2.a1. titre.r . ?rl2l'112. (Englishstrsnaryl Dtv'es. w S. 1938.An mv.ri-s.rion ol lh. .tfe6 oi vdynov. v. 1989.An unusullinitdron of cmivorous vmous .nvnom.nhl pdmer.s on rhe $dep!r.r Jeduer*ski, w., led?ej.wski. A. & Szymun.A. 1939 riml.' f opr Vin4ol 3,1(l):35.1,153.(In Ru$iol foFsrg b.hrviour of ih. Am.ri. F@d ni.h. ov.naps r r wd.r.ommuny or prcda- (Soble.m,nk. pol.cr) v6r,. Ph. Dr dnscnlrion Univ Du.tron tUK). $-r ros in rheBidori.zt PnneyatForce.Pohnd 1.r, v2urct. D.. Courd. C. & Soissin.J. 1939.Et G of Lr.rt l.. 3413a):,13?.196 \tldr|s nan r, !|r!.ta pnobp.n.mongooses.,4nh .ntn.o drt sndt\chearz\et. Papulutio6'kot .ttdl Gl*i.r Ndional Pak. M. 5 lne" fniv. VonL a.ho' . 19\1):566572. a{ 5dus.t..2:519-551 S.bck. Z. .t a/. 1939.Rcsult ot gological .xdinadd R.ig- S. & Rrprccht.A. t. 1939.Skull vmxbiliry or w.hrcnb.q, w.. Fowl.r, S- Krrhrj.c. J. & Huu. R ror l.prospircsn oI dod.t!. ed Pild binals r Lh. (Sudd) r|.n.t noi.t rd ,uon?r lot^o kof, Pal6d. Adn 1939 Ir. etfecs of pEgner me. eBn gooa- Upper Nrle Frcvince J Hft Epid.hot I h.not, 3!Q | ):595-1t2! doropi. on lollrclllr d.vdop6.n.. 6a!ig md Micrcb ial. Inhurct. lPttz!.) 3313):)j1.1a5. lc.n- Rutr.Olmo.J. 1937.El vsin mc prcgnucy h m\*. D.n.i. Anin Endonkot. etb sp., I.h..@ia dtbrotu) Sch-b.r. l1t7 (iililmali!. MNclid@) en Crta Shcng H.lin & Xu Hongfa. 1990 Rmg. su! dd a.riviry lunr. v.E. ,i. la P.tunsula lb.!cx. ,,t ,,. ,l.rc wiesn.r, H & H.gel.C. von. 1939.Zur Imobilielion p.tfr of SdaU IndiD civd in ADusho hled. \ .t.br.ta tt 112.111 t.n M6t t;del Papulatioaebl. Mard.t Snuga. Zh.jidg Povinc. bt ddici.lcm.! t.J. EBt Chim RJtr€l@. t . Pclldr x & Ponr J. 1933.sobrc li dis' 2:6i944.(E.glish mary) No.nal Unir. Mann. E.al. Suppl.:ll0'l13 (In hblcidd y .l h:bibt d. li mMa (Mc4.r 'd'.J. L . wohd. M. 1939 D.nr.l polynorphism in L\. 3.nus Ctirce 'nh Enelish sunharyl lt53) .n Crhlun.. P'i&or lll:85-93. (Enstiih Mra.r (Cmivon: Mu*lidr) fd i6 cvolutooary Sok Cruz. M. D. ., ol 1989.F.?icolo t@q@lt Piagd, sisnifi.mc.. .4.ra lr./iol . 341.40):5a5191. 1330 (Mdlopha3i: T.ichoddid:.) pmiG of/1 r. Rut?dh!. C E.r,l 1990Ev.rudion of o inlcrivaed wood. w' F. 1990. Nc*.ompon.n6 ir d.f.6iv. sr. p.!.t ichn.nnon L. DorcM A.1d v.n , t6lr):r77' i6 ot 6. sE Fd5rirr.M.phni: nzphn6 J ch?n. .t / .{$r... 196110i:161.1-1616. ,.ol . 16(6):1057 2065. Srov.. J. 1939. Me.dra d th. Coswotil wildlire Park. Ruppchi C. E. .r,1. t90. In ff..riv.ne$ od con Xir Qimghui, Xido Aing & Sh..g ll.lin. 1990.Hom. pmriv. plrhoFn..ry of enuaredRbi.5 vitus rdg.s ud Elivity pan.ns ofSib.nM s.d.l (M6 Woz.nc i-WC.1990. Alte sd *dl in TsinrnP.r' vrclG fo! fte $nped iku.k (M?prtu '?p.,!irr ./ r.l. !bin.a, J EBt Chrno No.dol Ua .udnn so6!. Ndr dir, 12::3-10 taatidtcti! Srondi,tienj V ibl Dit.. 1,6\I):E)-102. €.r1. Suppl.:102109. (In Cbin.* *iln E.8lnh Xu Hongf. & Sh.ngH.li.. [email protected] of daily Ryrn.K.&Robinson.5.1939.Piolcnnordopomem. cnerg.ric rcqdiftn.nr rd dis.n,bility ndos ror Yldn.n. H 1939.Zun Einiu$ d.r Vu!.lid.n ,t6t /, Smrrl rnd,r cNd sd Largc lid\n ctrer. J Eo! ri6rl. feft 6. €,./drudrrrr llti5),1605 16l l dnlir und,rr' ,,,., xuf zykli$h. Kl.indg.r d Ch"to U.i' lttohn E(,1. Suppi.:llr.l20. (In Chi s.hdpnr. R. & Pdidhi. E. 1939 zurht{on(h.n u.d B.ispi.l voi Ch,ralnrzB- Popukno..n Lnrrr- rcs. lilh EnglLshr!mm../l ftz.nren Bciindrshd!rung d.i \crze vlJt /, t tfirnLnJ. ?opntara&ik t ,/,?,/c (L. l76l) ufd \t!n.ld I b,n s.hrix.1717 l:5tl j6l. r€nglnh )u'nnrry) 21 Subscriptions

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The aim of th€ Newsletteris to promotecommunication between all interestedin mustelidand viverrid conservationand to stimulateconservation related activities for the speciesinvolved. In orderto do sora,e should be financially independent. Any assistancein the form of donations,sponsorship, and subscriptions is mostwelcome.