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Chrestomathie Persane, a L'usage Des Éleves De L'école Spéciale Des Q^. a. w' % CHRESTOMAÏHIE PERSANE A L'USAGE DES ELEVES DE L'ÉCOLE SPÉCIALE DES LANGUES OEIENTALES VIVANTES CH. SCHEFER MEMBRE DK L'INSTITUT, ADMINISTRATKLU DK L'ÉCOLB DKS LANGUES ORIENTALES VIVANTES PA K 1 S EllNEST LEROUX. ÉDITKL'R LIBHAIKE UE LA SOCIÉTÉ ASIATIQUE DE L'ÉCOLE DES LANGUES ORIENTALES VIVANTES, ETC. 28, RUE BONAPARTE, 28 1885. AVANT-PROPOS. Je comptak placer en tête de ce volume un e-ss((i sur Vhistoire des études persanes en Europe depuis le commencement du ^Y/P siècle, mais ce traïunl a pris des proportions assez considé'ahles pour former tin opuscule sépare. Je n'ai pas cru pouvoir lui sacrifier les éclaircissements historiques et géographiques in- sérés dans ce volume, et qui sont indispensables pour éviter au lecteur des recJierches souvent laborieuses. Le second volume de la Chrestomathie persane des- tinée aux élèves de l'Ecole des langues orientales vi- vantes renferme deu,v morceau.v historiques; je dirai les motifs qui me les ont fait choisir. Les événements dont l'Asie a été le théâtre au moyen âge ont eu, dans le monde entier, un retentissement considérable, et on a pu croire, pendant un moment, que l'invasion des Mogols mettrad en. perd rcristence même des peuples de l'Europe centrale. VI AV.\NT-I'KM)I'(»S. (le Ih'jUlis (j//('!(ll/('.s (IH)lf'('-s, l'(lH<'Hti(t)i (/r/tr/'f/lr a, mnircidl, rl(' (tpjjr/rc .s//r Ira jjdij.s (H( rr(///rrrflf les (////Kt.sfk'.s J'oiff/rcs par les (IcucciKhntf-s de, l)j(u/(jif/z Kli(i)t. Il est jjcniii.s (/(' croire <iiie l'Ijtfrrêt qui -s'ot- tac/ie à ces contrées ira toujours (/randissanf: mais, il faut Vavoiier, leur histoire est (jénn-alemeid peu connue. Il ni'a donc semblé utile d'fdtirer sur elle l'at- tention des jeunes fjens appelés, par les exigences de leur carrière, à se troucer non loin des paijs ou se dé- rouleront des événements dont les conséquences sont inc(dcul(d)les. Cette considération nia déterminé à donner les chapitres du Bjihan Kouchay, dans les- quels Atha Melik Djouwéiny retrace Vhistoire de la conquête de hi Triinso.viane et du Kliorassan par JJjemjuiz et ses fils, conquête qui a amené, sous Man- (jou Qaân, Vanéaidissemeid, par lioulagou, de l'eiu- pire des Uudifes et plus tard, l'ét<ddissement de la suzeraineté des souverains moçjols sur VAsie-Mineure et le roïjaume de la petite Arménie. J'ai cvtrait aussi de rouvnaje composé par KJiour Chah, amba.'isadeur d'un prince de l'Jnde à la cof/r de Perse, VJiistoire des provinces s^étendant sur les rires tuéridionales de la mer Caspienne. Ces provinces étaient (jouvernées, jusqu'au.v règnes de Chédi Jsmayl et de Chah TJaiJimasp, par des princes indépendants dont quelques -u/is faisaient remonter leur origine AVANT-PROPOS. VII auxrotH des anclcnneH dynasUes de Vlrcm. Lliistoire et la géographie de ces vastes provinces ont déjà été Vohjet d'études sérieuses, mais on ne trouve dans aucun auteur Venvhamemeid des faits exposé avec aidant de détails que dans les annales rédigées par Khour Chah. J'ai placé, avant ces deux morceaux, le texte de quelques anecdotes ?'elatives à la famUle des Barmé- cides dont V influence commença, à se faire se?itir sous les Omeyyades et prévahd pendant quelque temps, à Bagdad, sur celle des Ilnchimites et de leurs clients. Le Merzhan Namèh est intéressant sous le rap- port du style et comme traduction d'un ancien ou- vrage, écrit dans le dialecte du Tluduirestan, doid le texte est prohahlement perdu. Les lettres et dépêches ont été choisies parmi celles qni offrent des particularités historiques : quelques- unes d^entre elles nous montrent avec quel soin les sourerains ottomans cidtivaient l'amitié des princes l 'zheks de l'Asie centrale, et quel secours ils en at- tenihiicnl, en cas de guerre avec la, Perse. Le préand)ule du contrat de mariagedeRiza Qouly Khan clôt cette sé-ie de pièces. Il a été rédigé par Mirza Mehdy Khan, secrétaire de Nadir Chah. Le nom de MirzaMehdy Khan est connu en Europe de- puis que W. Jones, sur l'inrUrdion de Christian VII, \'II1 AVAN'I'-PKOI'OS roi (le DdiK'iinirl:, <i iIoiiih' la Iradiiction du. Djihatl Koiich((y N'/diri/. Ce niorcci/f, dont le dijle est cal- (ji(ésfi)- celui de W(f.s.s((/, inoutre à quels écarts d'inia- (fination et de fjovt peuvent quelquefois se livrer les écrivains orientaux. Les pièces de poésie qui terminent ce vohime sont empruntées aux diivans de poètes dont les œuvres sont, jusquW ce jour, restées inédites. Quelques-unes d'entre elles se rapportent à des faits historiques ou ont trait à des pcrsiananjes dont le j/oni est célèbre. J'ai enfin essfttjé, dans des notes parfois assez éten- dues, de donner tous les éclaircissements nécessaires j)our faciliter ll)delli(/ence des événements consignés dans les fr.rtcs. 4c NOTES iri' ÉCLAIRCISSEMENTS. ^ 4 NOTICE Bagdad (245 = 800), ni les Anuale.'i des Ahhassiârs d'Ali- mod ibii Al)i Yacioub l-I Katib (278 = 891), ni l'iiistoire (ribnAl)i Kliatboïniab. ni cwûn Lesfeuillets contenant V his- toire de la famille d'Abhas ^L_.c jTjlJ-\ ^ ^Ij^VI d'Abou Bekr Mohammed ibn Yahia Essauly (335 = 947). Les plus anciens écrivains dont les œuvi-es nous ont été conservées et qui nous fournissent quelques détails sur le rôle joué par les Barmécides à la cour des derniers Omey- yades et des premiers Abbassides, sont Il)n Qôteïltah (276 = 889) dans son Livre de/connaissances ojUil ^d et Abou Hanifèb Deïnawery (281 = 894), dans son Recueil des lon- gues histoires Jl^iJ^ jLi-1 olS". Nous trouvons aussi de pré- cieux renseignements dans la grande chronique d'Abou Djafer Tabary (310 = 923), et dans Les Prairies d'or de Massoudy. Ce dernier écrivain avait, dans ses Annales du temps, li)^')^ j^\ et dans son Livre moyen, lu-^V\ ^5 au- jourd'hui ]»erdus, consacré plusieurs chapitres à l'origine et à l'histoire des Barmécides. Nous trouvons enfin dans le Kitab el Afjhany d'Aboul Faradj Isfahany (356 = 967) un certain nombre d'anecdotes concernant les Barmécides ou leurs clients. En outre, des biographies des vézirs avaient été com- pilées par Moliammcd Essauly, Essaby, Aly ilm Andjcb et par le cclM)re ministre des princes Bonïdcs Moucyyd Ed- daulch et Fakbr Eddaulch, Ismayl ibn Abbad (3S5 = 995). Je ne mentionnerai ])oint les historiens postérieurs au I\'" siècle de l'hégire; ils n'ont fait que mettre à contribution les auteurs cités plus haut. Je dois cependant signaler les notices consacrées par Ibn Khallikan à Yahia et à ses fils SUR L'HISTOIRE DES I5ARMECIDES. 5 Fadlil etDjafcret insérées dans son recueil de biographies. Ibn Kliallikan s'ai^puie, dans maints passages, sur l'auto- rité de .DjêTucliary et sur celle d'Ibn Qaddisy qui avaient v/ûh^iviAi l'un et l'autre publié une histoire des vézirs 'ljj_j]l jLJ-U Au commencement du XVI" siècle, Khondémir a fait paraître son Mamtel des vézirs Ijj^lj^j, mais il s'est contenté de réunir en nn ouvrage séparé les biographies éparses dans son Habib oussier, et il n'a eu recours, pour les Barmécides, (ju'à des documents relativement modernes. Les anecdotes sur les membres de la famille de Barmek ont été souvent réunies en un ouvrage spécial et, au rap- l)ort des écrivains orientaux, ces volumes étaient extrême- ment nombreux. Je ne parlerai ici que de ceux sur les- quels j'ai pu avoir quelques détails. L'auteur du Moudj- md ofif fen-arikh nous apprend qu'il avait composé une histoire des Barmécides. «Il existe, dit-il, de noml)reuses tiaditions dcj)nis l'origine de Barmek jusqu'à la chute de sa famille. J'ai écrit sur ce sujet un livre que j'ai disposé d'après un certain ordre chronologique. J'ai narré la ma- nière dtmt ils se sont conqmrtés à l'égard de leurs contcm- ]>orains, j'ai fait connaître réi)0([ue de leur disgrâce, les motifs qui la i)rovo(]uèrent et les malheurs ([ui fondirent ^ sur eux : 1 jT/^^^oI^^s ^^TU ôU^, s^je ji Ow.ljL„) <d^ jL-^l Il faut conclure de ces mots (|ne l'ouvrage de l'auteur 1. Afoiidjmel oui teirtiri/.-li, Ilinn. pciViill (le l:i l'iililiiitliri|iir natioiiMlc, C,->, {° 22:! v°. Nurici: (lu Miindjmcl ont teicarikh était, coimnc les livres mention- nés plus loin, un recueil d'anecdotes empruntées à des i)U- blications anciennes. Deux siècles |)]us tard, Zya eddin liarany, auteur du Ta- riklii Firoaz Clinltij, pulilia sous le titre de TradHions rela- tives aux Bannccklci, ù^j_ j'i-^* une histoire dont il em- prunta les détails à un ouvra;;e composé d"a])rès les récits d'Aboul Qassim de Thaïfet dAbou .Moluunmcd l.abary '»u Elabury. Ces derniers s'appuient, dans leurs narrations, sur le témoi<;-nage d'un certain Soufian ibn Ahmed dont le père avait été au service duvézir du khalife Mamoun, Fadhl ibn Sahl, mort en 202 (817). Zya eddin, ([ui commenta ses travaux littéraires après avoir dépassé l'âge de soixante-dix ans, dédia son Aklihari Barmekian à Firouz Chah. Son l)ut était d'exercer sur l'es- prit de ce prince une heureuse influence, en mettant sous ses yeux le tableau des brillantes qualités et de la généro- sité des Barmécides. Zya eddin était le disciple spirituel de Nizam eddin Aoulia et l'ami des poètes Mir Khosrau et Mir Hassan; il mourut à Delhy en 757 (13ô6), et fut in- humé près de la tombe de son saint patron'.
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