DOCSLIB.ORG

Terror in Countryside: Campesino Responses to Political Violence in Guatemala, 1954-1985 (Ohio RIS Latin America Series)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Terror in Countryside: Campesino Responses to Political Violence in Guatemala, 1954-1985 (Ohio RIS Latin America Series) Terror in the Countryside This series of publications on Africa, Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Global Studies is designed to present significant research, translation, and opinion to area specialists and to a wide community of persons interested in world affairs. The editor seeks manuscripts of quality on any subject and can generally make a decision regard- ing publication within three months of receipt of the original work. Production meth- ods generally permit a work to appear within one year of acceptance. The editor works closely with authors to produce a high quality book. The series appears in a paperback format and is distributed worldwide. For more information, contact the executive edi- tor at Ohio University Press, Scott Quadrangle, University Terrace, Athens, Ohio . Executive editor: Gillian Berchowitz AREA CONSULTANTS Africa: Diane Ciekawy Latin America: Thomas Walker Southeast Asia: William H. Frederick The Ohio University Research in International Studies series is published for the Center for International Studies by the Ohio University Press. The views expressed in individual volumes are those of the authors and should not be considered to represent the policies or beliefs of the Center for International Studies, the Ohio University Press, or Ohio University. Terror in the Countryside Campesino Responses to Political Violence in Guatemala, ‒ Rachel A. May Ohio University Center for International Studies Research in International Studies Latin America Series No. 35 Athens © by the Center for International Studies Ohio University Printed in the United States of America All rights reserved The books in the Ohio University Research in International Studies Series are printed on acid-free paper ƒ ™ Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data May, Rachel A. Terror in the countryside : campesino responses to political violence in Guatemala, – / Rachel A. May. p. cm. — (Research in international studies. Latin America series ; no. ) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN --- (pbk. : alk. paper) . Political violence—Guatemala. Peasantry—Guatemala—Societies, etc. I. Title. II. Series. HN.Z V .'—dc For Nicolás Contents List of Tables ix Acknowledgments xi Acronyms xiii Chronology xvii Chapter One The Effects of Violence on Popular Movements Chapter Two Political Violence: What Is It? Chapter Three Popular Organizations: What Are They? Chapter Four Cycles of Violence in Guatemala Chapter Five Guatemalan Campesino Organizations, – Chapter Six Guatemalan Campesino Organizations during the Second Cycle, – vii Chapter Seven The Effects of Violence on Popular Organizations Abbreviations in Notes and Bibliography Notes Bibliography Index viii Tables . Typology of Rebellion . Typology of Outwardly Directed Authoritative Violence . The Dialectic of Revolution . The Cycle of Violence . Cycles of Violence in Guatemala: A Historical Survey . National Structure of Guerrilla Fronts and Organizations . The Effects of Violence on Popular Organizations ix Acknowledgments I have an enormous debt of gratitude to countless people, both in Guatemala and the United States. Returning to Guatemala in for the first time in several years, I was struck once again by the generosity of Guatemalans. Guatemala must be the most wonderful place in the world for scholars. And it is a complicated, compelling, and magical place to love—“the beauty that hurts,” as George Lovell writes. María Antonieta Barrios de Mencos (“Doña Toni”) and her children have been unbelievably wonderful. I am humbled by their kindness and gen- erosity always, and grateful for that fateful day when I walked into Doña Toni’s archive at ASIES. Oscar Pelaez has likewise been a great friend and help to me. My understanding of this subject was shaped by our many conversations outside the library and in Pocket Park at Tulane.I am also very thankful for his logistical help and the assistance of CEUR during my trip to Guatemala. Miguel Angel Albizures struck me as one of the most generous men I have ever met. I wish there were something I could do to repay him. He represents everything that is courageous and creative and hopeful about the popular struggle in Guatemala. Otto Rivera, Raul Molina, Arnoldo Noriega, and countless others were remarkably generous with their valuable time and resources. I am truly indebted to so many Guatemalans who helped me in big and small ways. I can never hope to do justice to their stories. Roland Ebel first piqued my interest in Guatemala. He is a gifted teacher, and a warm and open-minded intellect. Andy Morrison, my friend and mentor, has always been supportive and helpful. Rod Camp generously helped me out despite his own unbelievably busy life. My friends, especially Darien Davis, Ken Johnson, Karen Racine, and Alvis Dunn made all the difference in the world. xi Acknowledgments I am most grateful to my friends and colleagues at the University of Washington, Tacoma, especially Beth Kalikoff, Michael Forman, and Kathie Friedman. Many people have read and commented on this manuscript in whole or in part over the last few years. Bruce Kochis thoughtfully and carefully read the entire manuscript in the spring of . I would never have been able to find the resources to see it through without his help at that crucial juncture. Michael Forman gen- erously read a big section of the manuscript quickly and made very constructive suggestions during the fall of . His help was and always is invaluable. Hank Frundt, who started out as my anonymous reviewer, invested an enormous amount of time and energy in this manuscript. He went above and beyond in every way. I am deeply indebted to him. I am very grateful to Tom Walker, Gillian Berchowitz, and Nancy Basmajian of Ohio University Press for their patience and under- standing. I would like to thank my family,especially my father, Ron May.And, of course, I am most grateful to Marco, Nicolás, and Gwendolyn Lizarazo for reasons I could never adequately express. xii Acronyms AC Asociación Civil (Mexico) ASC Asamblea de la Sociedad Civil AEU Asociación Estudiantil Universitaria (San Carlos) AFL American Federation of Labor (U.S.) AGA Asociación General de Agricultores AIFLD American Institute for Free Labor Development (U.S.) BANDESA Banco Nacional de Desarollo Agrícola CCDA Comité Campesino del Altiplano CEB Comunidad Eclesiastica de Base CEH Comisión para Esclarecimiento Histórico CELAM Conferencia Episcopal Latinoamericana CERJ Consejo de Comunidades Etnicas “Runujel Junam” CEUR Centro de Estudios Urbanos y Regionales CGTG Confederación General de Trabajadores de Guatemala CIDASA Compañía Industrial del Atlántico, Sociedad Anónima CIO Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.) CLAT Confederación Latinoamericano de Trabajadores CNC Confederación Nacional Campesina CNCG Confederación Nacional Campesina de Guatemala CNCS Consejo Nacional de Consultación Sindical CNR Comité Nacional para la Reconstrucción CNRS Comité Nacional de Reorganización Sindical CNT Confederación Nacional de Trabajadores CNUS Comité Nacional de Unidad Sindical xiii Acronyms COMG Consejo de Organizaciones Mayas de Guatemala CONAVIGUA Comité Nacional de Viudas de Guatemala CONDEG Comité Nacional de los Desplazados de Guatemala CONIC Coordinadora Nacional Indígena y Campesina CONSIGUA Confederación Sindical de Guatemala CONTRAGUA Confederación de Trabajadores de Guatemala CONUS Coordinadora Nacional de Unidad Sindical COPMAGUA Coordinación de Organizaciones del Pueblo Maya de Guatemala CSG Consejo Sindical de Guatemala CTC Confederación de Trabajadores Cubanos CTF Central de Trabajadores Federados CUCO Comité de Unidad Campesina y Obrero CUSG Confederación de Unidad Sindical de Guatemala DAT Departamento Administrativo de Trabajo DC Democracia Cristiana DGAA Departamento General de Asuntos Agrarios EGP Ejercito Guerrillero de los Pobres EPL Ejercito Popular de Liberación (Colombia) EXMIBAL Exploraciones y Explotaciones Mineras de Izábal EZLN Ejercito Zapatista de Liberación Nacional (Mexico) FAMDEGUA Familiares de Detenidos-Desaparecidos de Guatemala FAR Fuerzas Armadas Rebeldes FARC Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (Colombia) FAS Federación Autónoma Sindical FASGUA Federación Autónoma Sindical de Guatemala (for- merly FAS) FCG Federación Campesina de Guatemala FCL Federación Campesina Latinoamericana FECETRAG Federación Central de Trabajadores de Guatemala FECOAR Federación de Cooperativas Agrícolas Regionales xiv Acronyms FEGUA Ferrocarriles de Guatemala FENACOAC Federación Nacional de Cooperativas de Ahorro y Credito de Guatemala FENCAIG Federación Nacional de Comunidades Agricolas e Indígenas FENOCAM Federación Nacional de Organizaciones Campesinas FENOT Federación Nacional de Obreros de Transporte FESC Frente Estudiantil Social Cristiana FESEB Federación Sindical de Empleados de Bancos FGEI Frente Guerrillero Edgar Ibarra FNO Frente Nacional de Oposición FP-31 Frente Popular, de Enero FSG Federación Sindical de Guatemala FSM Federación Sindical Mundial FTG Federación de Trabajadores de Guatemala FUR Frente Unida de la Resistencia GAM Grupo de Apoyo Mutuo IDESAC Instituto para el Desarollo Economico y Social de America Central IGEFOS Instituto Guatemalteco de Educación y Formación Social IGSS Instituto Guatemalteco de Seguridad Social INACOP Instituto Nacional para Cooperativas INTA Instituto Nacional de Transformación Agraria JOC Juventud Obrera Cristiana MCI Movimiento de Campesinos Independientes MDN Movimiento de Democracia Nacional MINUGUA Misión de Verificación de las Naciones Unidas
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Events; Appointments; Etc - August 2013
    Events; Appointments; Etc - August 2013 BACK APPOINTED; ELECTED; Etc. Hassan Rowhani: He has been elected as the President of Iran. Raghuram Rajan: Chief Economic Adviser to UPA government, he has been appointed as the Governor of Reserve Bank Of India (RBI). Dilip Trivedi: Senior IPS officer, he has been appointed as the Chief of the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF). DISTINGUISHED VISITORS G.L. Peiris: External Affairs Minister of Sri Lanka. He came to invite Prime Minister Manmohan Singh for the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meet in Colombo in November. Prime Minister Singh, during his talk with Mr Peiris, asked Sri Lanka to stand by its commitment not to dilute the 13th Amendment on devolution of powers to the provinces and sought an early repatriation of Indian fishermen presently in the custody of the Lankan authorities. Mohammad Karim Khalili: Vice President o Afghanistan. During his three-day visit security issues and trade and other bilateral issues were discussed. Nuri al-Maliki: Prime Minister of Iraq. The visit was the first high-level bilateral trip in 38 years. Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi had visited Iraq in 1975. Maliki’s trip saw India and Iraq sign an agreement on energy cooperation. Tshering Tobgay: Prime Minister of Bhutan. This was his first overseas visit after assuming office in July 2013. He briefed New Delhi on the talks between his country and China over their boundary dispute, which has strategic implications for India’s security. DIED Pandit Raghunath Panigrahi: Eminent Indian classical singer and music director from Odisha, better known as a noted vocalist of Jayadeva’s ‘Gita Govind’, he died on 25 August 2013.
    [Show full text]
  • Ladino and Indigenous Pageantry in Neocolonial Guatemala
    THE EYE OF THE BEHOLDER: LADINO AND INDIGENOUS PAGEANTRY IN NEOCOLONIAL GUATEMALA by Jillian L. Kite A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton, FL August 2014 Copyright by Jillian L. Kite 2014 ii iii ABSTRACT Author: Jillian L. Kite Title: The Eye of the Beholder: Ladino and Indigenous Pageantry in Neocolonial Guatemala Institution: Florida Atlantic University Thesis Co-Advisors: Dr. Josephine Beoku-Betts and Dr. Mark Harvey Degree: Master of Arts Year: 2014 In this thesis I utilize a feminist case study method to explore gender, race, authenticity, and nationalism in the context of globalization. Each year, Guatemala conducts two ethno-racially distinct pageants – one indigenous, the other ladina. The indigenous pageant prides itself on the authentic display of indigenous culture and physiognomies. On the contrary, during the westernized ladina pageant, contestants strive to adhere to western beauty ideals beauty and cultural norms engendered by discourses of whiteness. However, when the winner advances to the Miss World Pageant, they misappropriate elements of Mayan culture to express an authentic national identity in a way that is digestible to an international audience. In the study that follows, I examine the ways in which national and international pageants are reflective of their iv respective levels of social and political conflict and how they serve as mechanisms of manipulation by the elite at the national and global levels. v THE EYE OF THE BEHOLDER: LADINO AND INDIGENOUS PAGEANTRY IN NEOCOLONIAL GUATEMALA I.
    [Show full text]
  • Pero, ¿Dónde Está El Presidente Ahora?: Developing Cultural Agency in Guatemala's Age of Neoliberal Multiculturalism by Ji
    Pero, ¿dónde está el presidente ahora?: Developing Cultural Agency in Guatemala’s Age of Neoliberal Multiculturalism by Jillian Lei Kite B.A. Philosophy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2012 B.A. Romance Languages (Spanish), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2012 M.A. Women’s Studies, Florida Atlantic University, 2014 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2020 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH DIETRICH SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This dissertation was presented by Jillian Lei Kite It was defended on November 14, 2019 and approved by Dr. Juan Duchesne-Winter, Professor, Hispanic Languages and Literatures Dr. Aurea Sotomayor, Professor, Hispanic Languages and Literatures Dr. Maureen Porter, Professor, Education Thesis Advisor/Dissertation Director: Dr. Elizabeth Monasterios, Professor, Hispanic Languages and Literatures ii Copyright © by Jillian Lei Kite 2020 iii Pero, ¿dónde está el presidente ahora?: Developing Cultural Agency in Guatemala’s Age of Neoliberal Multiculturalism Jillian Lei Kite, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh, 2020 Each year Guatemala hosts Rabín Ajaw—a cultural pageant, which brings young Maya women from across the nation to display “cultural authenticity” through dress and performance. Scholars denounce the pageant’s inauthenticity – both aesthetically due to shifts in indigenous weaving and the use of traditional dress, as well as in terms of avoiding recognition of Mayas’ continued social and political subjugation, even after the genocide against their communities. Further, the contestants in Rabín Ajaw, who are tasked with the most authentic presentation of “Mayan-ness,” are atypical compared to the majority of Maya women living in Guatemala.
    [Show full text]
  • Cómo Citar El Artículo Número Completo Más Información Del
    Revista mexicana de ciencias políticas y sociales ISSN: 0185-1918 UNAM, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, División de Estudios de Posgrado Santana, Adalberto 1968 en la memoria de América Latina y el mundo Revista mexicana de ciencias políticas y sociales, vol. LXIII, núm. 234, Septiembre-Diciembre, 2018, pp. 177-199 UNAM, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, División de Estudios de Posgrado DOI: 10.22201/fcpys.2448492xe.2018.234.65557 Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=42159667010 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Redalyc Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina y el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales⎥ Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Nueva Época, Año LXIII, núm. 234 ⎥ septiembre-diciembre de 2018 ⎥ pp. 177-200⎥ ISSN-2448-492X DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fcpys.2448492xe.2018.234.65557 1968 en la memoria de América Latina y el mundo 1968 in the Memory of Latin America and the World Adalberto Santana∗ Recibido el 30 de junio de 2018 Aceptado el 2 de julio de 2018 Una parte de la generación de estudiantes que hicieron el movimiento de 68, una pequeña parte, no más de 7 u 8 millares en medio millón de estudiantes de enseñanza media y superior, se había construido en un caldo de cultivo políti- co-cultural que tenía la virtud de la globalidad. Esa locura integral nos rodeaba por todas las esquinas de la vida.
    [Show full text]
  • Army for Progress: the U.S. Militarization of the Guatemalan
    University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Open Access Master's Theses 1995 ARMY FOR PROGRESS : THE U.S. MILITARIZATION OF THE GUATEMALAN POLITICAL AND SOCIAL CRISIS 1961-1969 Michael Donoghue University of Rhode Island Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/theses Recommended Citation Donoghue, Michael, "ARMY FOR PROGRESS : THE U.S. MILITARIZATION OF THE GUATEMALAN POLITICAL AND SOCIAL CRISIS 1961-1969" (1995). Open Access Master's Theses. Paper 1808. https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/theses/1808 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ARMY FOR PROGRESS : THE U.S. MILITARIZATION OF THE GUATEMALAN POLITICAL AND SOCIAL CRISIS 1961-1969 BY MICHAELE.DONOGHUE A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN HISTORY UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND - ABSTRACT The purpose of this thesis is to explore the military and political implications of the United States' foreign policy towards Guatemala in the years 1961 to 1969. Guatemala was a key battleground of the Cold War in Latin America in the crucial decade of the 1960s. While greater scholarly attention has focused on the 1954 U.S. backed CIA planned cou~ in Guatemala, the events of the 1960s proved an equally significant watershed in U.S.-Latin American relations. Tue outbreak of a nationalist insurgency in Guatemala early in the decade provided the Kennedy Administration with a vital testing ground for its new counter-insurgency and civic action politico-military doctrine.
    [Show full text]
  • Proquest Dissertations
    VANCOUVER SCHOOL OF THEOLOGY GUARDIANS OF THE BLUE-GREEN PLATE, THE BLUE GREEN BOWL: WHAT THE WORLD CAN LEARN FROM THE MAYA-SIPAKAPENSE OF GUATEMALA A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF THEOLOGY by THE REVEREND EMILIE TERI SMITH VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA April 2009 The Reverend Dr. Martin Brokenleg The Reverend Dr. Paula Sampson Library and Archives Bibliotheque et 1*1 Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington OttawaONK1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-57327-3 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-57327-3 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, pr§ter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distribute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non­ support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation.
    [Show full text]
  • Beyond Guernica and the Guggenheim
    Beyond Guernica and the Guggenheim Beyond Art and Politics from a Comparative Perspective a Comparative from Art and Politics Beyond Guernica and the Guggenheim This book brings together experts from different fields of study, including sociology, anthropology, art history Art and Politics from a Comparative Perspective and art criticism to share their research and direct experience on the topic of art and politics. How art and politics relate with each other can be studied from numerous perspectives and standpoints. The book is structured according to three main themes: Part 1, on Valuing Art, broadly concerns the question of who, how and what value is given to art, and how this may change over time and circumstance, depending on the social and political situation and motivation of different interest groups. Part 2, on Artistic Political Engagement, reflects on another dimension of art and politics, that of how artists may be intentionally engaged with politics, either via their social and political status and/or through the kind of art they produce and how they frame it in terms of meaning. Part 3, on Exhibitions and Curating, focuses on yet another aspect of the relationship between art and politics: what gets exhibited, why, how, and with what political significance or consequence. A main focus is on the politics of art in the Basque Country, complemented by case studies and reflections from other parts of the world, both in the past and today. This book is unique by gathering a rich variety of different viewpoints and experiences, with artists, curators, art historians, sociologists and anthropologists talking to each other with sometimes quite different epistemological bases and methodological approaches.
    [Show full text]
  • Septiembre a Diciembre De 2015 Pepe Medel
    Septiembre a diciembre de 2015 History of Beauty Comentarios, anécdotas y relatos sobre los concursos de belleza. Tomo I Pepe Medel Septiembre a diciembre de 2015 Contenido general Presentación……………………………………………………………………………………………. 2 1 Septiembre……………………………………………………………………………………. 3 Octubre…………………………………………………………………………………………. 42 Noviembre……………………………………………………………………………………… 90 Diciembre………………………………………………………………………………………. 126 Presentación Muchos de los lectores de mi blog personal en Facebook History of Beauty (https://www.facebook.com/historiadelabelleza) me han solicitado que republique algunas de las notas que han considerado interesantes y que en su momento no pudieron leer y que además por el tiempo en que las publiqué, es muy difícil buscarlas en la página, a pesar de señalarles la fecha en que las subí a la red. Ante esta situación decidí re trabajar cada una de las notas y organizarlas a manera de un libro en línea que rescate todos esos comentarios y que los interesados lo puedan bajar de 2 la red, imprimir, coleccionar o lo que ustedes decidan. Esta colección que publicaré cuatrimestralmente se denomina: History of Beauty. Comentarios, anécdotas y relatos sobre los concursos de belleza. Es por esto que con mucho gusto les presento el primer tomo de este esfuerzo, el cual comprende las notas publicadas desde la aparición de mi blog el 9 de septiembre de 2015 y comprende hasta la última aportación subida en diciembre del mismo año. Esta publicación incluye las 185 fotografía empleadas en las diversas notas que escribí durante el último cuatrimestre del año 2015 y que en algunos casos, son fotografías que solicitaron subiera y yo aproveché para hacer un breve artículo. Espero que con la lectura de este tomo, los jóvenes aficionados a los concursos de belleza puedan encontrar los orígenes de nuestra pasión y los que ya son grandes conocedores del tema, logren revivir la emoción que nos siguen causando los certámenes que, al menos a mí, se han convertido en parte de mi vida y han convivido conmigo por más de 50 años.
    [Show full text]
  • Cathrin Skog En Av Favoriterna I Miss World 2006
    2006-09-18 11:21 CEST Cathrin Skog en av favoriterna i Miss World 2006 Cathrin Skog, 19 årig call-center agent från den lilla byn Nälden i närheten av Östersund är Sveriges hopp i årets Miss World 2006. Cathrins ambition i framtiden är att studera internationell ekonomi och hon älskar att måla och lyssna på musik, speciellt street, disco och funk. Hennes personliga motto i livet är att alltid se livet från den ljusa sidan och att aldrig ge upp. Finalen i Miss World 2006 kommer att hållas på lördagen den 30 september i Polen där den 56: e Miss World vinnaren kommer att koras av både en expertjury på plats och via internetröster från hela världen. Cathrin är en av förhandsfavoriterna och spelas just nu till 17 gånger pengarna. Miss Australien (Sabrina Houssami) och Miss Venezuela (Alexandra Federica Guzaman Diamante) delar på favoritskapet med spel till 8 gånger pengarna. För mer info om tävlingen, se www.missworld.com Odds Vinnarspel Miss World 2006 Miss Australia 8.00 Miss Venezuela 8.00 Miss Canada 11.00 Miss India 11.00 Miss Lebanon 13.00 Miss Angola 17.00 Miss Columbia 17.00 Miss Dominican Republic 17.00 Miss South Africa 17.00 Miss Sweden 17.00 Miss Mexico 19.00 Miss Philippines 19.00 Miss Puerto Rica 19.00 Miss Czech Republic 21.00 Miss Jamaica 21.00 Miss Martinique 21.00 Miss Spain 21.00 Miss Iceland 23.00 Miss Italy 26.00 Miss Panama 26.00 Miss Singapore 29.00 Miss Ukraine 29.00 Miss Brazil 34.00 Miss Chile 34.00 Miss China 34.00 Miss Greece 34.00 Miss Nigeria 34.00 Miss Peru 34.00 Miss Poland 34.00 Miss Turkey 34.00 Miss USA 34.00
    [Show full text]
  • Transforming Student Perceptions: the Casa Guatemala Experience
    TRANSFORMING STUDENT PERCEPTIONS: THE CASA GUATEMALA EXPERIENCE by JEFFREY TODD STEWART B.A. Hons., Queen’s University, 1985 B.Ed., Queen’s University, 1988 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTYOF GRADUATE STUDIES (Department of Social and Educational Studies) We accept this thesis as conforming to the equired standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA March 1994 © Jeffrey Todd Stewart, 1994 __________________________ In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of SfxLS The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada Date ii 2Z I DE-6 (2/88) ABSTRACT Teaching students to have a “global perspective” is one of the key aspects of global education. Curriculum used to develop such a perspective at the high school level rarely involves experiential cross-cultural programs which take students to the “Third World”. One such program, the Casa Guatemala Project in British Columbia’s Richmond School District, sends a small group of grade eleven and twelve students to Guatemala each year for two weeks to work at a childrens’ orphanage. This study looks at how the experience transforms the students’ perceptions of Guatemala, North America and themselves.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc. El Olvido En La Memoria De Rogelia Cruz Martínez
    Tzintzun. Revista de Estudios Históricos ISSN: 1870-719X [email protected] Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo México Vázquez Medeles, Juan Carlos El olvido en la memoria de Rogelia Cruz Martínez Tzintzun. Revista de Estudios Históricos, núm. 56, julio-diciembre, 2012, pp. 169-210 Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Morelia, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=89824880006 Abstract The murder of Rogelia Cruz Martinez, in January 1968, was part of the Guatemalan counterinsurgency practices. The image of this woman emphasized the no-limits law enforcement operations against the revolutionaries, the impact is imminent in the population, since a decade earlier she had held the title of Miss Guatemala 1959 and participated in the Miss Universe in Long Beach, California. She was part of one of the first revolutionary organizations of Guatemala, the Rebel Armed Forces, at the time of his abduction that took her to be killed cruelly. The image of Rogelia Cruz was part of the Guatemalan revolutionary political ideology, in 1973, the artist Arnold “El Tecolote” Ramirez Amaya painted a portrait of her in the walls of the university campus during the so called muralización. Also, various political organizations have taken her name, however, the story lies in the wording of a martyr, necessary for the mobilization and awareness of the fight, but far from historical reality. Therefore, this is an attempt to delve into the lives of Rogelia Crruz to assist in the historical memory of Guatemala, from the contribution of a woman who made a significant contribution to the revolutionary process of the Central American country.
    [Show full text]
  • 28210NCJRS.Pdf
    If you have issues viewing or accessing this file, please contact us at NCJRS.gov. ~-.--------------------- ARPA ORDER NO.: 189~1 I 5G10 Tactical Technology Office R-1597 ... DOS/ ARPA March 1975 s Iinternational Terrorism: A Chronology, 1968-1974 Brian M. Jenkins and Janera Johnson A Report prepared for ~:, DEPARTMENT OF STATE ~ and , DEFENSE ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGEr\JCY J,~ ,,_ ':!.I.~; ,~ Rand"SANTA MONICA, tAo 90406 1 ,I~ ~.------------.------------------------ The research described in this Report was sponsored by the Department of State and by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under contract No. DAHC15-73·C-0181. Reports of The Rand Corporation do not necessar­ ily reflect the opinion or policies of the sponsors of Rand research. --- ~-- ~-- --~ --------------------------------- - ARPA ORDER NO.: 189-1 5G10 Tactical Technology Office R-1597-Dosl ARPA March 1975 International Terrorism: A Chronology., 1968-1974 Brian M. Jenkins and Janera Johnson A Report prepared for DEPARTMENT OF STATE and DEFENSE ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY Rand SANTA MONICA, CA. 911406 APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED Published by The Rand Corporation PREFACE This chronology and its companion report, International Terrorism: An An­ notated Bibliography (R-1598-DOS/ ARPA, The Rand Corporation, forthcoming), are intended to serve as reference works on recent acts of international terrorism. Most of the chronological material is based on press reports. Other sources in­ cluded unofficial chronologies supplied by government agencies; the Arab Report and Record, which is published twice a month in London; and Political Kidnap­ ping 1968-1973, a staff study prepared by the Committee on Internal Security, U.S. House of Representatives, 93rd Congress, 1st Session (Washington, D.C.: U.S.
    [Show full text]