Applied Ethics

Applied Ethics Challenges for the 21st Century Edited by Center for Applied Ethics and Philosophy Center for Applied Ethics and Philosophy Hokkaido University Sapporo, Japan Copyright © 2010 by Authors Published by Center for Applied Ethics and Philosophy Hokkaido University N10 W7, Kitaku Sapporo 060-0810 Japan Edited by Center for Applied Ethics and Philosophy All Rights Reserved Printed in Japan ISBN978-4-9904046-2-8 i Contents Introduction iii Contributors iv Chapter 1 How Can Images of Aging Have Policy Implications? ――――――――――― 3 Bethany SPIELMAN Chapter 2 Goldstone and Gaza: The Justice of the Conduct of the Inquiry ――――――― 9 Howard ADELMAN Chapter 3 The Four Cultures: Hybridizing Science and Humanities, East and West ――― 27 Michel PUECH Chapter 4 Direct and Indirect Agency: Clarifying and Refining the Doctrine of Double Effect ―――――――――――――――――――――――― 36 Makoto SUZUKI Chapter 5 A Normative Account of Risk: The Case of Cognitive Enhancers ―――――― 54 Rana AHMAD Chapter 6 Different Methodological Approaches to Bioethics ――――――――――― 66 Vasil GLUCHMAN Chapter 7 Non-utilitarian Consequentialism and Professional Ethics of Teacher ―――― 78 Marta GLUCHMANOVA Chapter 8 Medical Refugees in Japan: From Overseas Transplants to Organ Self-Sufficiency for Japanese Recipients ―――――――――――― 85 Keiko YASUOKA ii Chapter 9 Privacy and Identity in Intercultural Information Ethics ――――――――― 98 Elin PALM Chapter 10 The Pending Global Water Crisis: Why Ethicists Are Needed ――――――― 109 Rana AHMAD and Michael LANTHIER Chapter 11 Environmental Issues in the Dhammapada ―――――――――――――― 120 Raghunath GHOSH Chapter 12 Engineering Ethics and Engineers’ Responsibility Toward the Public: Aiming for Cooperation Between Engineers and the Public ―――――――― 126 Hidekazu KANEMITSU Chapter 13 On the Restorative Justice Approach to the Abolition of Death Penalty in Taiwan ―――――――――――――――――――― 135 Wen San (Hannah) CHEN Chapter 14 Against Perpetual War: Kant’s Arguments for Achieving Perpetual Peace ――― 145 Dara SALAM Chapter 15 Religious and Ethical Debate on Overzealous Therapy: the Polish Lesson ――― 155 Sylwia Maria OLEJARZ Chapter 16 The Right of Initial Acquisition over the Priorly Commonly owned Natural Resources: Some Considerations ―――――――――――― 167 Mirko Daniel GARASIC iii Introduction This collection of essays is the final summation of the Fourth International Conference on Applied Ethics held at Hokkaido University on November 13-15, 2009. The conference was organised by the Center for Applied Ethics and Philosophy, Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University (Sapporo, Japan). The purpose of this collection is to bring together the wide-ranging papers on various fields of applied ethics presented at the conference. It is our hope that this collection will contribute to further developments in research on applied ethics and promote our Center’s mission, which is ‘to bridge the gap between theory and practice’. March 2010 Center for Applied Ethics and Philosophy Hokkaido University Sapporo, Japan iv Contributors Bethany SPIELMAN is Associate Professor of Medical Humanities and Director of the Medical Ethics Program at Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, and Associate Professor of Law at Southern Illinois University School of Law. She is the author of Bioethics in Law , editor of Organ and Tissue Donation: Ethical, Legal and Poloicy Issues, and has published numerous articles and book chapters at the intersection of law and health care ethics. Howard ADELMAN recently completed a three year term as Research Professor at the Key Centre for Ethics, Law, Justice and Governance at Griffith University in Brisbane, Australia and was previously, a Visiting Professor at the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton University. Adelman was a Professor of Philosophy at York University in Toronto from 1966-2003 where he founded and was the first Director of the Centre for Refugee Studies and Editor of Refuge until the end of 1993. He has written or co-authored and edited or co-edited 26 books. He has authored 76 chapters in edited volumes, 102 articles in refereed journals, and 30 professional reports. In addition to his numerous writings on refugees, he has written articles, chapters and books on higher education, global governance, the Middle East, multiculturalism, humanitarian intervention, membership rights, ethics, early warning and conflict management. Professor Adelman has just completed an edited volume, Non-Return: Helping the Forcibly Displaced in Asia for Ashgate and a coauthored book with Elazar Barkan entitled Rites of Return for Columbia University Press. Michel PUECH is Associate Professor at Sorbonne University, Paris, France (Paris- IV, Philosophy) and a Research Fellow in the ETOS team (Éthique, Technologie, Organisations et Société, Institut Telecom, Paris). His academic background is in Classical European Philosophy. He gradually specialized his research field towards a critical analysis of Modernity and, in particular, Philosophy of Technology, including techno-ethics. Today, he investigates the fundamental issues of sustainability and the idea of eco-ethics (ethics for the environment and the economy). His recent books are Homo Sapiens Technologicus (Le Pommier, 2008) and Développement durable : un avenir à faire soi-même [Sustainability: a Do-It-Yourself Future] (Le Pommier, 2010). Makoto SUZUKI, PhD is a part-time lecturer at Nagoya University and Nanzan University, and an academic visitor to the Faculty of Philosophy at University of Cambridge. He received his BA and MA in letters from Kyoto University, and his PhD in philosophy from The Ohio State University. His research interests include moral philosophy, philosophy of mind and history of modern western philosophy. Rana AHMAD completed her PhD in the Department of Philosophy at the University of British Columbia. She has worked as a research assistant at the W. Maurice Young Centre for Applied Ethics throughout her PhD program on the NERD research team lead by Dr. Peter Danielson. Her main areas of interest are applied ethics including the ethics of science and technology, environmental ethics and neuroethics. v Vasil GLUCHMAN is currently Director of the Institute of Philosophy and Ethics, and Professor of Philosophy and Ethics at the Institute of Philosophy and Ethics, Faculty of Arts, University of Presov in Presov (Slovakia) as well as the Chair of the Slovak Unit of the International Network of the UNESCO Chairs in Bioethics at the University of Presov (Slovakia). He published the books Ethics in Slovakia – Past and Present (Slovak, 2008), Ethics and Reflection of Morality (Slovak, 2008), Human Being and Morality in Ethics of Social Consequences (English, 2003), Slovak Lutheran Social Ethics (English, 1997), Ethics of Social Consequences in Context of its Critique (Slovak, 1999), Man and Morality (Slovak, 1997), Ethics of Social Consequences and its Contexts (Slovak, 1996), Consequentialist Ethics (Slovak, 1995) and many other articles on consequentialist ethics and history of ethics in Slovakia. He is also co-editor of three volumes of Ethics (Slovak, 1998) and many other books of essays. Marta GLUCHMANOVA is a lecturer at the Department of Humanities, Technical University in Kosice (Slovakia). Her main research interest is the ethics of teaching. She is the author of the book “Application of the Ethics of Social Consequences in the Ethics of Teaching”. She has been involved in several international conferences (e.g., in Argentina, Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, etc.) and she presented papers at the Interim World Philosophy Congress in New Delhi (India, 2006), the 13th International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science in Beijing (China, 2007) and the XXII World Congress of Philosophy in Seoul (Korea, 2008). Keiko YASUOKA PhD is a research fellow at the Department of Philosophy and Cultural Sciences, Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University. She is engaged in research into “brain death & organ transplantation as a cultural issue” based on the narratives of concerned parties (organ transplant surgeons, recipients, donor families) in Japan and North America (the USA and Canada). She received her PhD in Anthropology (Medical Anthropology) from the Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University. Her current research focuses not only on human organ transplant but also on artificial organ replacement resulting from the new Japanese organ transplantation law which will take effect from July 13th, 2010. Elin PALM holds a Post Doc Position at the Center for Applied Ethics, Linköping University, Sweden. Her background is within Philosophy with a specialization on Information and Communication Ethics. In 2008 she defended her doctoral dissertation “The Ethics of Workspace Surveillance” investigating ethical implications of computerized- and medical surveillance within the context of work. In her later research, she has analyzed Information Security and normative issues like privacy, consent and autonomy in relation to surveillance capable Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Her current research concerns ethical aspects of Personalized Health Monitoring and ICT within Health Care and Medicine. Michael LANTHIER received his PhD in History from Simon Fraser University. Dr. Lanthier's most recent project deals with water, and the ways in which people have understood and treated this most basic of commodities throughout history. Raghunath GHOSH is a Professor of Philosophy and Dean, Faculty of Arts, Commerce and Law, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling,

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