Flirting with Disaster Top Five Finds Of

Winter 2005

The Official Magazine of California Wing Civil Air Patrol

Flirting with Disaster Plus: • Using CPR for Off-Duty Saves What Cal Wing Can Learn From Katrina • Our Cadets at the Academy Top Five Finds of 2005 • RE:CAP Wing Activities Introducing the ESsy Awards If You Can’t Buy ‘Em, Build ‘Em Great New Tricks for DF Sticks 57 To the Members Commander’s of California Comments Wing

Eagle Call is an authorized By Colonel Virginia Nelson publication serving the inter- ests of the California Wing of the United States Air Force Auxiliary Civil Air Patrol. It is published by a private firm Credit Due in no way connected with the Department of the Air Force Recognizing Our or with the Civil Air Patrol Corporation. The appearance Volunteers in of advertisements in this pub- the Spirit of $76 lication, including supple- ments and inserts, does not CAP dues for California’s se- constitute an endorsement by nior members changed October 1. the Civil Air Patrol Corpora- Cadet dues remain the same. tion or the Department of the Did that get your attention? Air Force of the products and After careful deliberations, services advertised herein. the Wing’s Finance Committee decreased annual dues for senior Materials for publication members by a dollar, going from should be mailed to: Col. Virginia Nelson $77 to $76. Here’s the break- Commander, California Wing California Wing, down: $35 goes to National Head- Civil Air Patrol quarters (NHQ), $5 is earmarked new ID card until that hap- Eagle Call for Pacific Region, and $36 flies pens.) That explains why CAWG P. O. Box 7688 back to California Wing. dues jumped from $70 to $77 last Van Nuys, CA 91409 A little context may be in or- year. der. Each May, Wing command- Where does the CAWG por- Col. Virginia Nelson, ers are asked if they want to tion—around $72,000—of your Wing Commander change their Wing’s dues for the membership dues go? First, CAWG 1st Lt. Frank Geraty, upcoming fiscal year, which runs proportionately redistributes $5 per Director of Public Affairs, October to October. Last year member to each Group headquar- Publisher CAWG raised the Wing portion ters to offset their expenses. And Capt. Gregory Solman, of senior members dues from $35 while Wing HQ’s building is rent- Editor to $37, which would have made free, we still pay a substantial membership dues $72, or $6 a phone bill (averaging $350 a For information on month. After CAWG notified month), subscribe to a DSL, and advertising rates and space NHQ of the intended change, the disburse for IT equipment upgrade availability, please call National Board voted to raise the and maintenance. We also pay over 1-800-635-6036 national portion of the dues by $12,000 annual rent for our com- five dollars and offered a photo munications repeater sites. We are ID card for an additional four dol- fortunate to have a full time admin- ON THE COVER: Biloxi, lars. (As of this writing, the Air istrative assistant, Sue Lundstrom, Mississippi, as seen from a Force has not approved the design who acts as the Wing secretary and CAPflight, post-Katrina. of the photo ID card, and NHQ is processes all of the CAPF108s so not accepting applications for this Continued on page 27 . . .

1 EAGLE EYE

Flirting with Disaster In Mississippi, General Glasgow Pulled CAP from the Mud of Inter-agency Indifference to the Terra Firma of Life-Saving Ops

Brig. Gen. Rex E. Glasgow, Civil Air Patrol’s National Vice Commander—who resigned his position in November—and Incident Commander during CAP’s Response to Hurricane Katrina in Mississippi, interviewed by Capt. Gregory Solman, California Wing Public Affairs.

DEVASTATION BELOW: A CAPflight’s view of Waveland.

2 Can you summarize CAP’s post-Katrina participation in a single line? Two hundred fifteen members from 17 wings around the country participated on the ground and in the air, and we saved lives. How would you rate our response time? The Mississippi members initially flew several air sorties and commenced looking for our own members. Within hours of my arrival there was a mission number issued and tasking assigned. Then the NOC [National Operations Center] contacted additional INTER-WING COOPERATION: Maj. Russell Melvin of the Texas Wing briefs a crews and we operated without Tennessee Mission Pilot. incident, I’m proud to say. We didn’t have an accident—not even a twisted ankle or scratch, working in excess of 14,000 man- hours in the field—until the accident after it was over, when members were returning home. What happened? Members driving home were involved in a non-injury crash in a corporate van. A semi-tractor trailer swerved trying to avoid a deer strike and instead struck our vehicle, which was forced off the road into the ditch, hitting a tree. Unfortunately, cadets—who were not supposed to be deployed in the first place—were involved. I do not feel that this was a case of ‘get-home-itis.’ But we all know NO PAPER TIGER: Gen. Glasgow writes a letter with Maj. Owen Younger. Murphy’s Law applies. Protecting our members was a primary issue, ing there was no other work. an underground facility we use, and cooperation from the mem- That’s one of the reasons the Na- have a seat and computer station, bership must be a priority. The tional Commander sent me in. To and we practice with other agen- few mistakes we experienced my knowledge, there are no cies. In my opinion, if CAP isn’t were all deviations from instruc- MOUs [Memoranda of Under- on the agencies’ checklist, the tions and briefings. standing] established in Missis- possibility of being tasked is di- Was CAP efficiently tasked by sippi. That’s quite unlike many minished. In other words, we other agencies? other wings and the Iowa Wing build the relationship ahead of Other than the initial air task- where I’m from, where we have Continued on page 7 . . .

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4 BIRD’S EYE VIEW Clearing Up Coverage

By Lt. Col. Mike Prusak, USAF • California Wing Liaison Officer What FECA and FTCA Should Mean to You

For several months now I Department of Labor (DOL), performance of, and after have provided California Wing upon receipt of a claim from the completion of an with monthly mission numbers HQ CAP-USAF/JA (JAG) will AFAM. Periodic travel for those people authorized to independently review the other than during Perfor- participate in Air Force Assigned facts and circumstances of mance of Duty may not be Missions (AFAMs). Here’s a each case to determine if covered by FECA. summary of the coverage that FECA coverage exists. participants in AFAMs can FEDERAL TORT expect to come with those num- Here are a few fine points of CLAIMS ACT: the law: bers. Under FTCA, the federal gov- FEDERAL EMPLOYEES’ CAP Cadets under the age ernment may be held liable for COMPENSATION ACT: of 18 years are not covered the negligent or wrongful acts or omissions of CAP volun- Without AFAM status, FECA provides for the pay- teers in the performance of CAP is not acting as an ment of workers compensation duties during an AFAM. An instrumentality of the benefits to civilian officers and “injured third party” is anyone USAF and is therefore employees of all branches of suffering property damage, operating on its own the government of the United personal injury, or death aris- corporate mission. Mis- States. FECA has been ing from activities under those sions performed for state extended to CAP volunteers or conditions. To recover under and local agencies are their survivors for injuries or FTCA, the injured third party normally not assigned an death resulting from injuries must show that the injury or AFAM number and FECA sustained in performance of damage to property transpired does not apply duty while in service to the during an AFAM. So what United States, so if you are “Performance of Duty” about you? CAP volunteers, 18 injured or killed in the perfor- means active service in years or older, whose personal mance of duty during an connection with an injury or death claim is covered AFAM, you or your proper AFAM, and travel to and by FECA, cannot make a dependant could submit a from that service. Travel FTCA claim. FECA is their FECA claim. Each case of status implies traveling to only remedy. injury or death is unique. The the beginning, while in

This article only intends to impart a basic understanding of your coverage and should not be construed as a legally binding interpretation of the law. Check with your squadron or group Legal Officer for an expanded understanding of your coverage and rights. Finally, I cannot overly emphasize the importance of members knowing what they are qualified to do during an AFAM. The best insurance is that which one never needs to use.

5 6 EAGLE EYE Flirting with Disaster Continued from page 3 . . . time. Before I arrived, Col. [John] Wilkes [Commander of Missis- sippi Wing CAP] offered CAP resources to MEMA [Mississippi Emergency Management Agency] and I’m told they kindly shook his hand and thanked him for the offer, but it became obvious there was no immediate interest. How should it have worked? As in all missions, CAP needs to have an official tasking request and be issued a mission number for reimbursement and insurance coverage. I know it is difficult to sit and wait, but until this is completed and there are adequate VIEW FROM THE TOP: National Commander Maj. Gen. Pineda and Mississippi resources available to support our wing Commander Col. John Wilkes during a damage assessment. members we can not deploy. Initially that is why I was the sole corporate liability exposure if an list such comments in WMIRS.) team tasked, to offer assistance accident would occur without And three: Wait for the NOC or and establish the work—find a FTCA/FETA coverage? Why your region commander to acti- customer. would we want to place our mem- vate you. It took a few hours of Can’t our tasking come directly bers’ families in such a position if meetings with the customer to de- from the Air Force through something terrible occurred? The cide how to execute the mission. I National? other consideration is that without worked with the Incident Com- Certainly, some tasks come down authorization we would not have mander to decide what we needed from 1AF [1AF/CONR] or received food, water, fuel, a place and then the NOC was notified of Northcom and were handled by to set up, et cetera. We can’t just the request for ground and air as- the NOC, but other requests come go out and do it ourselves. sets. The IC, Air Branch Director, from the local agencies in the Was it difficult getting assets Ground Branch Director and I field. Our regulations prohibit us deployed? then went back to the EOC for from deployment without such Yes, initially. The NEC had a meetings to discuss the specifics. tasking. In one situation in the meeting the night before the hur- One obvious concerns was the planning stages the local sheriff ricane hit. We put out a call. One: need for motor fuel. I brought 165 did not want us in his county, Please do not self-deploy. Two: gallons with me. Mississippi hence we aided in the four coun- Update WMIRS [Web Mission members were staying at the HQ ties that realized our assistance Information Reporting System]. because they did not have enough was beneficial. Again, Missis- (Assets were being called in that fuel to drive home when they sippi Wing did not have a pre-ex- were not ready to be used—actual lived locally! We also realized isting relationship with MEMA. examples were, for example, indi- that an HF radio, satellite phone, a porta-potty, water supply, food What would have happened cations aircraft were available and fuel were required at each if you had been rebuffed or when in reality they weren’t. One forward site we wanted to estab- ignored? needed an oil change in three lish. Fortunately, we had genera- It is possible we would have hours. One needed the starter re- tors so the forward mission bases had to stand down and not par- placed the next day. At this writ- would have electricity. We ticipate. Can you imagine the ing, the NOC has recently changed the input capabilities to Continued on page 9 . . .

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8 EAGLE EYE Flirting with Disaster Continued . . . worked out all these concerns as the first teams were moving in. What were the breaks in chain of command? There were some misunder- standings with two of the first wings as they deployed. One did not have a sortie number nor did the NOC know they were in- bound. We were aware of the other wing. However, in both cases the requested personnel ros- ter of members participating was not forwarded to the NOC before departing. Had this occurred, the cadets under 18 would have been identified and stopped. SPONTANEOUS DRYDOCK: A CAP volunteer covers the waterfront. When did you finally deploy? On Thursday, September 1, ployment to cadets 18 or over. I ment team, who was instructed to Maj. Gen. Pineda tasked me. In protested that our cadets are well stay at the base for counseling, less than twenty hours we de- trained and capable, but you could deployed himself with a ground parted with a trailer hauling the easily have a situation where ca- team. He was met at the door by a fuel, two generators, MREs, wa- dets would not necessarily be lady with a handgun. She ex- ter, tents, satellite phones and ra- working with their home teams, plained that the radio had been dios, along with our 72-hour and and you don’t know how they will warning that official personnel personal field gear. We arrived as react. In any case, the compro- would be in groups, not alone. He the sun rose on Saturday the 3rd mise was necessary to the left. Again, not following briefing and shortly after some semblance MEMA/AFENSEP-CAP agree- instructions. For safety and effi- of a mission base and staff came ment that our funding was depen- ciency we deployed ten to12 together. When I arrived after a dent upon. ground teams of five to six each, 14 hour drive, on what was to be How did you handle deploy- and some took seven, using a our first official day of opera- ment in areas of looting and driver to leap frog between two tions, there was no tasking, no shooting? teams. We established three for- funding. Working through the There was no lawlessness ward command posts. Pascagoula Emergency Preparedness Liaison where we were, always north of I- (east side of state, on the coast) to Officer (AF-DOD) and the state 10. MEMA tasked the Coast work Jackson County, Wiggins director, CAP was authorized a Guard with all search and rescue. (center of state, 30 to 40 miles total of $200,000. (Not bad, con- They triaged all their calls into north of the coast) to work Stone sidering we started at $5,000.) Green (imminent danger), like County, and Stennis (west side of Then MEMA said, “We don’t people on rooftops; Orange state, on the coast) to work Pearl think Cadets should be here”— (medical emergencies); and Yel- River and Hancock counties. GIS because of environmental haz- low (general welfare and safety). mapping printed out gridded ards, possible emotional trauma. [Coast Guard] Commander maps of one square mile num- Not good. The legal side of the [Donald] Thompson asked us to bered sections. The teams were to house warned of injury with later work on Orange missions. There de-conflict themselves—as we re- claims, and cadets who might was only one potentially violent alized that with road hazards and need trauma counseling. I com- incident. One member of the terrain conditions we could not promised, agreeing to limit de- Critical Incident Stress Manage- Continued on page 11 . . .

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10 EAGLE EYE Flirting with Disaster Continued . . . micro-manage the system em- ployed—to efficiently cover the most ground possible. Who was handling mission information? I put out several releases myself, and conducted several interviews with local television and National Public Radio. Again, we had only one unfortunate incident. The wing that self-deployed talked to the press as they were preparing to leave. And the wire service ran a story about how children barely able to support themselves were supporting resi- CANVASSING FOR COUNTRY: Cadet Capt. Maureen Arscott logs the result of an dents of Mississippi and made al- interview. lusions to14-year-old home schoolers in hazardous condi- conception that taking off part of nate with the NOC, for all the sor- tions. Which is odd, considering the uniform makes you a civilian ties in and outbound. There were they hadn’t been tasked yet, much is just not true. We all represent also flaws in how information less been deployed to a forward CAP and have certain rules to was passed down the line. There area or known what their assign- work under. Just because a mem- were waivers of liability given to ment was to be. ber does not like the reg or rule cadets under 18, for example, Could you have told the under- does not allow them to deviate. where there is no such a release age cadets to go home when Instructions and briefings are to available. they arrived, or say they could prepare the teams for the chal- What went according to your only participate as non-CAP lenges they will face and how to expectations? volunteers? operate under these conditions. The cooperation of the teams, That was a consideration. This is basically for their protec- the amount of work they were However they were here and CAP tion as well as the corporation. able to do under extreme circum- had just agreed we would be What went against your stances, and in emergency situa- working in each of these counties expectations? tions. They performed in a supe- immediately. Other replacement We simply didn’t have the re- rior fashion without direct imme- troops would delay our initial sources, even working around the diate supervision, and were able progress, so it was decided to clock, to check everyone’s quali- to overcome great obstacles. In keep the cadets at the forward fications and see if they met the any command you have to assign command posts, not deploy to the proper criteria. General Pineda a task and give members the au- field and rotate them out on the had a great idea with this C4 thority to complete that task. Our six day rotational schedule. [Command and Control Coordi- members were quite well trained Is it feasible to say, “Take off nation Center] concept. Had we for their tasking. We made a dif- your shirts and work as realized how busy the NOC ference to the citizens of Missis- civilians?” would be, or how large a mission sippi. We saved lives. When we are tasked by CAP, this would be, I’m sure the deci- What went wrong? utilizing CAP assets such as ve- sion to stand up the C4 would Comm was an initial problem. hicles and equipment, and arrive have been earlier. In my opinion, There was little cell phone access. under the pretense of CAP, we the C4 should be given authority There were no phone lines for- can not change that status. The to check the manifest and coordi- Continued on page 13 . . .

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12 EAGLE EYE Flirting with Disaster Continued . . . ward. We normally seem to be very dependent on e-mail and cell phones. Even satellite phones, which we got from the Great Lakes Region, had an 80 percent failure rate. We’ve decided that they can be the answer. (NHQ is buying six for such future deployment.) The only problem with satellite phones is that they got satu- rated. The networks were busy. Between satellite phones, high bird FM, and HF we got along. VHF-FM worked only with a high bird up, and we had three to four up every day, out of Jackson mission base air assets. Repeater stations were on buildings that DOOR TO DOOR: CAP collected information for MEMA, visiting some 592 houses were wiped out. We started with and 1,316 hurricane victims the first two days on the ground. passing info then got airborne re- members demonstrated that we brought up, two fuel containers lays (which necessitates commer- can operate in a multi-wing envi- we filled to 250 gallons each cial pilots). We also had to re- ronment under extreme condi- (that’s the legal limit). These trieve data sheets on a daily pick tions and perform in a superior were staged at Stennis and up. Finally, we had a glitch in the fashion. I was especially im- Wiggins. The Chevron refinery in software of the HF radios’ Auto- pressed with the Mississippi Pascagoula opened up its doors to matic Linking Establishment. Wing members. They continued any federal agency for free fuel. When A team talked to B it was working long hours when their CAP members sent packages of perfect; but when C came on the own homes had significant dam- treats for the cadets; notes and let- network, it would cut out commu- age. The Wing Commander him- ters that inspired all of us. These nication to one or another. Na- self worked several days, then communiqués were distributed to tional is aware of this problem went home, bailed out his house, the field. Florida CAP members and working on a resolution. So it came back and worked another gathered donations of necessities, was suggested to divide up spec- day, then returned home to tear up such as paper towels, toilet paper, trum space by the hour. Everyone and remove the carpet and then canned goods and shipped them was instructed to move up the come back for more CAP! What up to mission base. What a treat, band at prescribed times until incredible dedication. I was after eating MREs for days! they found one that worked. pleased to have the opportunity to What surprised you the most? What went right? provide assistance and it was a Until about my twelfth day, Most all the members listened pleasure to work side by side with about 85 percent of people we to instructions and completed the national commander. I’m not checked on, door to door, said their tasking in a professional sure I remember a circumstance that CAP was the first uniformed manner. I was very proud of CAP. where the senior leadership has individuals the citizens have been The majority came prepared. My had such an active role, in the in contact with. Another surpris- experience has showed me that in trenches along side everyone. It ing observation was the number disasters you see the best or the was neat to work that closely with of neighbors that were living in worst in people. This includes the various wings, pilots, ground- communal style. It was apparent members as well as victims. I saw pounders and General Pineda. from the field data sheets that tremendous acts of heroism. Our Florida Wing CAP bought, and Continued on page 15 . . .

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14 EAGLE EYE Flirting with Disaster Continued . . . often several neighbors congre- gated under one roof to share resources—extreme community spirit as well as adding safety in numbers. Do you understand the frustration of members who were waiting to be deployed and never were, or who said the alerting orders then came too abruptly—“hurry up and wait and hurry up again”? Yes, but they also need to appreciate our situation. About the seventh of the month, the Coast Guard stated they’d prob- ably be wrapping up their opera- SHELTER FROM THE STORM: Gen. Pineda and Maj. Hamilton distribute tarps tions on the 9th, therefore we and supplies. could work that day and head home the 10th. I thought there teams, but that option was not What’s on your “hindsight is was a need to continue, but there available. If we had requested 20/20” list? was pressure on military teams to come in before and then A Chevron refinery gave us, resources to wind down. I spent not have the continuance, the as a governmental agency, all the numerous hours trying to find us teams would have been sent home gas we wanted for free. But it was other tasking. NEMA [National upon arrival and not reimbursed an 8-hour round trip from Emergency Management Asso- for expenses. To me, it appeared Pascagoula to Jackson. One of the ciation] Medical loved the data the second option would irritate things we overlooked was to tell we were collecting. They actually members and possibly waste their members in the field to notify weren’t sure who was providing time. There also could have been mission base before they ran out, the info, but were converting it a situation where, if there was no but instead the only contact was into a database used by the state tasking, there would be no FECA/ when they were already empty. to locate citizens and assist with FTCA insurance coverage for the Members were unrealistic about residents’ needs. It looked like the in/outbound trips. Any injuries or their readiness to report for duty. I 9th was our last working day until accidents—as there was—would think they were thinking that if about noon that day, when the have placed our members in a they predicted deployment in 36 mission was extended until the compromising situation. We can hours, we’d call someone closer. 13th, going home on the 14th. only advise you once we know! But members typically showed up Within minutes the request for Also, General Pineda commented late. So, please, provide realistic more ground teams and air sup- that in Florida last year there had arrival times that allow for safe port went to the NOC and C4. I been a lot of help in the earlier passage, and be concerned with know that there was feedback that stages, but two and three months the length of your duty day. But I, or we, did not allow for enough down the road it had been diffi- we have learned many valuable advance notice, but the truth is cult getting commitments. With lessons and hopefully will im- that you knew moments after ap- that advice, and not knowing if prove upon our mistakes. We did proval was complete. I certainly this would go on for three weeks good. We made a difference. We would have rather had the exten- or three months, we couldn’t af- saved lives! sion on the 7th and given 48- ford to bring the masses in at the hours notice to the replacement beginning.

15 ABOVE & BEYOND Introducing . . . The ESsy Awards From the Top of Mount Shasta to the Border of Nevada, These are the Missions that Sing the Wing’s Praises

Courtesy: New Media Department, Sequoia Development Group

Editor’s Note: Eagle Call asked Lt. Col. Steve Asche, Director of Operations, Maj. Jan Ostrat, Deputy Director of Emergency Services, and Capt. Bob Keilholtz, Director of Emergency Services to recognize the outstanding achievements in Emergency Services missions for the year, running from October to October. They considered a combination of objective criteria—rapidity of response, unusual endurance, skillful crew resource management, outstanding intelligence gathering, utilization of training, communications deployment —and subjective experience, their gut instincts. We added endorsements from some of the Wing’s busiest ICs, including Lt. Col. Ron Butts, Maj. Burt Kingsbury, and Maj. Jon Wordsworth. Missions were winnowed from a longer list. The result is the first annual ESsy Awards. We can at least imagine what the statuettes would look like—and the dresses of the women who’d present them! —Capt. Greg Solman

16 Perseverance on Pause

Date, Mission: This was a good search, 11 FEB, 05M209A involving excellent coordi- Incident Commander: nation.” Butts: “This inci- Capt. Eric Templeton dent would have been Briefing: A pilot who extremely difficult to find departed from Fresno for from the air, as it was in a Santa Monica is reported very small canyon with missing. Weather is heavy tree cover.” inclement, with strong And the ESsy Goes to… winds, rainstorms and Lt. Col. Ron Butts, Ground snow in higher elevations. Branch Director, Lt. Col. Pilot reported extreme Steve Asche, Ground Team turbulence over Gorman, Leader and On-Scene with ceiling descending Commander, and Capt. rapidly. The FAA Flight Eric Templeton. Skillfully Control Center in Palmdale utilizing topographical loses radio and radar con- maps and the last-known tact. Meanwhile there is a heading, the CAP team possibly related ELT report plotted map coordinates so in the Los Angeles basin. precise, sheriffs were led to Weather has all crews on within 20 yards of the standby. actual wreckage. Bakers- Find: Cessna 210 wreck found by difficult communications condi- field Composite Squadron 121’s Kern County Sheriff’s depart- tions. It required great persever- ground team: Lt. Col. Asche, ment at 34 deg 57' N by 118 deg ance and patience because of the Lt. Col. Butts, Lt. Col. Alan 45' W using coordinates provided weather. Once you get geared up Ferguson, ground team leader; Lt. by CAP, near Tejon Ranch. to go, ‘on hold’ is a tough posi- Col. Gail Mizner, 1st Lt. Bill No survivors. tion. There was also great com- Ambrosecchia, 1st Lt. Mike Citations: Asche: “This mission munications between various Dickerson, and Cadet Brandon showed outstanding utilization of agencies, especially FAA, NTSB, McNamara, ground team remote resources and coordi- the Kern County Sheriff’s depart- members. nation of Command and Control. ment, for which we provided the Continued on page 19 . . . We were making do with very inter-agency communication.

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18 ABOVE & BEYOND Searching from (Tree) Top to (Canyon) Bottom Date, Mission: 11 NOV, 04M2460A Incident Commander: Maj. Jon Wordsworth and Lt. Col. Steve Asche Briefing: A plastic surgeon flying from Bakersfield back to Santa Barbara is missing. A CAP aircrew flies out of Bakersfield, and a ground team is dispatched from Santa Barbara. An exhaus- tive route search begins, turning into a mile-wide grid search. The aircrew hears a very faint ELT, but the Air Force Rescue Coordi- nation Center has received no satellite hits. Find: Piper Saratoga PA-32R, located at 34 deg 41.7' N by 119 deg 38.7' W. The pilot hit the highest point of the highest elevation on his route, struck the tops of the trees, and flipped into a canyon below. Three on board. No survivors. Citations: Keilholtz: “This could have turned into a needle in a haystack search. The crew did a great job of spotting debris in the bottom of a canyon. The Mission Observer spotted the damage to the trees at the top of the hill. That’s what we teach in class, so that was an outstanding utilization of training.” Asche: “At the wrong time of the day, the crew might not have spotted it. One of the things we teach in IC training is that just because you didn’t spot it in the morning doesn’t mean you won’t see it in the afternoon.” Ostrat: “The Bakersfield crew has been particularly responsive to the ES program in California. And because of that, they’ve been involved in significant missions with finds and saves. They’re not sitting back and waiting for us to tell them where the target is.” And the ESsy Goes to… Capt. Rob Custer, 1st Lt. Dave McCarthy, and 1st Lt. Shanna Williams, aircrew, Bakersfield Composite Squadron 121; Lt. Col Anthony Upton, Capt. Ed Ruwe, and SM Pat Coady, ground team, Santa Barbara Squadron 131. Continued on page 54 . . .

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20 EAGLE EYE Five Tips Katrina Effort Earns For the AIM Points Big One: The Air Force Commends CAP as a ‘Force Multiplier’

Glasgow’s Bullet Capt. Joe Burkhead, deputy commander of seniors at Yuba-Sutter Points for Composite Squadron 19 at Beale AFB, as well as an active duty Air Dodging Disaster Force officer, forwards the following from the USAF’s AIM Points daily summary of 20 September 2005: “Members of the Civil Air Patrol (CAP), the Official Air Force 1 Always be prepared to be Auxiliary, have provided critical support to recovery efforts in the after- totally self sufficient for math of Hurricane Katrina. Volunteers from throughout the United six or seven days. Don’t States have answered the call for help. CAP members have conducted count on anything. Know numerous Air Force Assigned Missions to support Federal Agencies. where to access communi- They have flown 389 sorties ranging from search and rescue to imaging cations gear, generators, of key infrastructure to transport of key personnel; conducted 102 GPS units, and whatever ground missions surveying 3,300 houses; and stood up command and assets you may need. Bring control facilities throughout the Area of Operations. MREs, water, toilet paper, CAP members use state of the art technology to accomplish their et cetera. Expect nothing to missions. Recently, CAP members used their newly fielded Hyper- be provided for you. Spectral Imaging (HSI) system to conduct surveys of the Mississippi River for the Army Corps of Engineers. The images gathered will Don’t expect to be able to 2 provide a wealth of information for the Corps and hopefully speed use your cell phone. Make recovery efforts. sure your family back The CAP provided and will continue to provide for the United States home knows that it may be and the Air Force unique, cost effective capabilities and is a true force a while before calling multiplier. home. If the disaster is SENIOR LEADERS ARE SAYING…The Civil Air Patrol continues local, make a plan with a to actively engage in Katrina relief operations, providing the Total Air distant relative or friend Force state-of-the-art information about key infrastructure. Having that family members already flown 400 missions, CAP members ensure the security of civil- can coordinate and check ians and their homes in the affected areas of the Gulf Coast. It is a force in with. multiplier for the Total Air Force. Airmen couldn’t perform their duties 3 Bring extra fuel if possible in the Gulf Coast without CAP support.[AF/XOS, Sep 05]” and safe. Fuel was in such short supply some people couldn’t even leave when 4 Practice communications if equipped with a datalink they wanted to, much less exercises. Make sure you cable so you can fire up the perform ground missions. can throw up a radio and it laptop, if your battery is The larger generators will work. The FM should charged. burned more than five gal- be for close range, acces- Utilize other wings and lons per hour. Without sible to a repeater if pos- 5 their resources. We are one electricity, flashlights went sible, to extend their range. team—Team CAP—not 52 through batteries fairly HF needs to reach 50 miles different entities. Share, quickly. Even with genera- as well as 150 and 500 assist and trust in one tors you need portable miles. Satellite phones are another. lighting. great and even more useful

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22 FIELD MANUAL In Search of the Perfect Sticks By Saman Seneviratne, Ph. D., Clover Field Composite Squadron 51 Sam Seneviratne Takes Hand-Built DF Equipment in a New Direction

SANTA MONICA—Among very high frequency (VHF) antennae that can be constructed easily from commonly available materials, a “Yagi” (named after its in- ventor) provides the greatest gain and directivity, and thus the greatest overall effectiveness. Enthusi- asts, typically amateur radio operators, who participate in local “fox hunt” competitions—in which a well-concealed transmitter is the object of search by com- peting “hunters” with various antennae—find that a receiver with a Yagi antenna is as good for Figure 1 accurate long-distance direction finding as any equipment, even that costing thousands of dollars more. The economy, utility, portable, if not necessary, to build The greater an antenna’s ability, and durability of Yagi an- their own units. length and number of its director tenna make them ideal for Civil While even a coat hanger can elements, the greater its gain and Air Patrol squadrons needing Di- capture an ELT [Emergency Lo- directivity. However, added rection Finding [DF] sticks. cator Transmitter] signal, a length and elements detract from Squadrons desiring several units sharply directional antenna is portability and ease of aiming. to supplement factory-built needed to locate the signal from a Three elements — one driven ele- equipment for the convenience of distance. That said, designs found ment, one reflector and one direc- multiple search-and-rescue teams on the Internet—variations on a tor — are a good compromise. will appreciate the affordability combination of plastic pipe When considering element and ease of construction. Critical frames, steel measuring tape ele- length, note that length is a func- response time is decreased by ments and a handheld receiver— tion of wavelength (inverse of fre- having the equipment readily ac- are not necessarily right for quency). Again, since ELTs cessible in a vehicle, rather than locating an ELT, and building a operate at 121.5 MHz, element locked up at squadron headquar- properly designed antenna can lengths and spacing designed for ters. It’s also good to know how avoid future frustration in the 144 MHz are unsuitable. Builders to make them during periods field. Yagis built for fox hunts will find that by sticking to the when pricey, factory-built sticks work in the 144 MHz band but specifications of the diagrams be- are languishing between models, don’t work optimally on the ELT low—especially with respect to awaiting various approvals, and bands relevant to Civil Air Patrol the length of elements (see Figure unavailable. For those reasons, missions, 121.5 MHz and 243 1)—they will have constructed a many squadrons will find it desir- MHz. Continued on page 25 . . .

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24 FIELD MANUAL DF Equipment Continued . . .

unit in “tune” with the receiver for optimal use at 121.5. Elements made of one-inch wide steel measuring tape are rec- ommended. The driven element impedance of 75 ohms should be matched to the 50 ohm coaxial line leading to the receiver by a wire link (serving as an inductor), shunting the driven element’s poles (see below). The width (or diameter) of antenna elements in- fluences, to a small extent, the resonant length of the elements as well as the frequency-selectivity Figure 2 of the antenna. The broader the element, the shorter it should be. Constructing the Mast and Beam Common half-inch (nominal size), Schedule 80 PVC pipe and fittings are light, cheap, readily available, easily machined and sufficiently strong when applied to the framework of the search antenna. In addition to the essential crosses and tees, other fittings such as oblique elbows and a range of plastic electrical conduit fittings can be used (see Figure 2). Joe Leggio, the legendary dean of fox hunt antenna design- ers, has found that “the best matching network turned out to be a ‘hairpin match.”1 This is a short but accurately cut length of Figure 3 wire connected across the feed points of the driven element (see Figure 3). Leggio continues: “The antenna has some capacitive reac- had tried. pre-tinned spots on the tape—rap- tance without the matching In constructing the equip- idly, with a hot iron, to avoid network. The length of wire has ment, coat the cut ends of the tape melting the plastic cross. The just enough inductance to cancel elements with plastic tool-handle ends of the driven elements can the capacitive reactance.”2 Leggio insulation to reduce the hazard of be cleaned and tinned with the aid found that this “resulted in a bet- eye injury. Solder the matching of acid soldering flux. Using ter match than anything else”3 he wire and RG-58 coaxial cable to Continued on page 27 . . .

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26 COMMANDER’S COMMENTS / FIELD MANUAL Credit Due have an outside auditor inspect recognized that most senior mem- Continued from page 1 . . . their finances each year to ensure bers incur many additional costs, that all the money is accounted including annual squadron dues, that our members are reimbursed for. Last year’s audit cost $4,500 while volunteering as CAP mem- promptly. Her salary is paid out of and NHQ paid for it. No Wing bers. You also spend your time— your dues. dues go towards aircraft mainte- a very precious commodity—vol- Some of the money goes to nance; very little goes to vehicle unteering to make your communi- reimburse Wing staff members upkeep. Most of these expenses ties, state and nation a better when they are required to travel. are covered by NHQ or through place, be it through mentoring ca- For example, this past year our Memorandum of Understand- dets or participating in emergency CAWG sent its legal officer, ing with the state of California. services or aerospace education. counter drug officer, director of Cadet activities are paid out of the Since the Wing is financially operations, commander and vice cadet dues and program fees. sound, we felt we could lower the commander to conferences that The Wing’s Finance Commit- dues of our senior members as a required their participation. The tee meets every four to six weeks gesture of recognizing all the time regulations also require reim- and reviews the Wing’s current fi- and money you donate to Civil bursement to the Inspector Gen- nances and expenses. An internal Air Patrol. Thank you for your eral for costs incurred during in- audit is conducted quarterly. The continued service. The next time spections and complaint investi- finance committee is very careful you get your renewal notice from gations. with the Wing’s money. We live NHQ, think of it as only $6.33 a Then there’s postage, office within our budget. month to belong to one of supplies, and the cost of an out- In considering the dues de- America’s finest volunteer ser- side audit. Wings are required to crease the Finance Committee vice organizations.

DF Equipment lengths for your friends. wrist strain reduction in mind. For Continued . . . Diagrams, technical review more information about the proto- eutectic solder (63 percent tin, 37 and prototyping were accom- types and overall effectiveness as percent lead) makes it possible to plished through a joint project well as continuing dialog, contact work fast and still avoid a “cold partnership with former U.S. the author via email at solder” junction. It is possible to Army Veteran William Burns. [email protected]. use mechanical junctions here, His relentless critiquing of proto- Author’s note: This article is but those deteriorate in moist types and countless hours in his not intended to be a critique of weather and make more difficult garage workshop devoted to help- factory-built antenna, such as adjusting the standing-wave ratio ing me have led to designs that those units built by Bob Gordon’s [SWR] by changing the spacing are not just well tuned, but L-tronics, Santa Barbara. Gor- between driven element halves. weather proof and more practical. don is an active CAP member A special note to cadets: Burns is not a member of the who invested in his own company When Mr. Leggio mass-produced Civil Air Patrol, yet volunteers specifically to serve CAP’s need this antenna as a club project, he his time and effort to support the for direction-finding equipment. marked the pipe and used a por- emergency services cause of The new and improved L-per, table jigsaw to cut the lengths in CAP. soon to be available from L- assembly-line fashion. It actually Every version of prototype tronics, will serve a purpose be- took longer to measure the pipe taught us something more. While yond hunting ELTs, such as in than to cut it. Since the pipe is this article is about the simplest locating stuck microphones and available in ten-foot lengths, you yet most practical design, there finding repeater stations and pi- can make a few beams from a are eleven prototypes that range rate transmitters. I’m confident single 10-foot length. In any case, from ones with active attenuators that many CAP squadrons will you might want to cut a few extra built-in to ones that are built with find them very much to their liking. 1,2,3 Joe Leggio WB2HOL, Tape Measure Beam Optimized for Radio Direction Finding Copyright 1993 - Joseph Leggio - All Rights Reserved.

27 Cal Wing Harvests a Bumper Crop of Academy- A Magnificent Grade Cadets Seven By 1st Lt. Chris R. Storey, California Wing Dep. Dir. of Public Affairs

LOS ALAMITOS—Seven ca- in Group 7 we have five cadets Senior Master Sgt. Aaron Mackie, dets from Civil Air Patrol’s Cali- going,” Cahill said. “That’s un- and Cadet Tech. Sgt. Justin fornia Wing—five from Group 7 heard of. Acceptance into any of Miller, who all received appoint- alone—entered military service the United States military service ments to the Air Force Academy, academies this year. academies is an accomplishment and Cadet Col. Brian Jensen, who The Group 7 cadets enrolled in itself, but having this many marched off to West Point. at both the U.S. Air Force Acad- from a single Group make it even McClure, who graduated emy in Colorado Springs and at more unique.” Escondido High School, plans to the U.S. Military Academy at California Wing’s historian major in physics and ultimately West Point this summer. Northern argues that this year’s total repre- become an Air Force pilot. A California squadrons boast two sents a continuation of a proud member of CAP for eight years, cadets at the Air Force Academy. Cadet-program tradition. “Be- McClure served as a Flight Com- Never in the history of Group tween five and seven cadets from mander and Cadet Commander of 7 have this many cadets entered the California Wing typically re- the Skyhawks Composite Squad- service academies at once, said ceive appointments each year to ron 47 at Camp Pendleton, Lt. Col. Hugh Cahill, Group 7 the various military service acad- Oceanside, near San Diego. Commander, who oversees the emies,” said Lt. Col. Charles McClure earned the most ten CAP squadrons in Orange and Wiest. prestigious award in the cadet San Diego counties. The Group 7 contingent program, the General Carl A. “It’s rare that we see a half includes Cadet Col. Kyle Spaatz Award, named after the dozen cadets from an entire state McClure, Cadet 2nd Lt. first U.S. Air Force Chief of Staff. going to the academies, but here Natasha Marakowski, Cadet The Spaatz award, earned by less

THEY’VE ARRIVED: C4C Trevor Johnson (above) is among the five cadets from Cal Wing now in Colorado Springs.

28 THE CADET COSMOS

than one percent of all CAP cadets, is awarded after passing a rigorous four-part examination including aerospace education, leadership, a personal essay, and a physical fitness test. Marakowski, who graduated Sunny Hills High School in Ful- lerton, will study architectural design. A four-year CAP veteran, she served in multiple leadership positions culminating in being named Cadet Commander of the Fullerton Composite Squadron JUST OFF THE BUS: The class of 2009 gets its first taste of drills to come. 56, south of Los Angeles. Marakowski’s interest in the Academy began four years ago, before she began her first year of high school, when she set a goal to attend the nations top military service academy. Mackie graduated Huntington Beach High School in 2004 and recently attended Golden West College, also in Huntington Beach. He will study military strategic studies and ultimately wants to train as an Air Force Continued on page 31 . . . BLUES MARCH: Class of 2009, nearing induction.

CADETS UNDER WING: Cal Wing cadets now take their marching orders from the Academy.

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30 THE CADET COSMOS A Magnificent Seven Continued . . . aviator. After four years of CAP service Mackie rose to First Ser- geant of the Saddleback Compos- ite Squadron 68, in nearby Costa Mesa. Miller, a graduate of Santa Margarita High School in Rancho Santa Margarita, will study political science. A cadet for two years, Miller was a First Sergeant at Skyhawks Composite Squadron Continued on page 33 . . .

Natasha Marakowski has designs on studying architecture.

Justin Miller wants to study political science.

Brian Jensen: From Air Force Blues to the Long, Gray Line.

Gregory Magram will note the behavior Aaron Mackie: A year at Golden West, of his fellow pilots. a career in the Wild Blue Yonder.

Kyle McClure plans to study physics— BLUE FROM THE SKY: Johnson and Drum and Bugle Corps mates march on to and flying. the field of honor.

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32 THE CADET COSMOS THE CADET COSMOS A Magnificent Seven Continued . . .

47 as well as the commander of its color guard when it won numerous honors in local, state, regional, and national competitions. Jensen graduated Mira Mesa High School in San Diego and plans to study behavioral psychol- ogy with an emphasis in leadership studies at West Point. Jensen, a member of San Diego Cadet Squadron 144 for six years, was California Wing’s 2004 Cadet Officer of the Year. Jensen also earned the Spaatz award. Northern California squadrons also contributed to the year’s bumper crop. Cadet Capt. Gre- gory Magram, a 2004 graduate of UNDER THE AIR FORCE’S WING: Marching with the class of 2009 on the enviable Lincoln High School in San Jose, Colorado Springs campus. Continued on page 35 . . .

ON THEIR HONOR: The class of 2009 swears in.

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34 THE CADET COSMOS A Magnificent Seven Continued . . .

SALUTED: Brig. Gen. Johnny A. Weida, Commandant of Cadets and Commander, 34th Training Wing, at the Air Force Academy, honors the class of 2009.

recently attended nearby De Anza College, Magram will study behavioral sciences at the Air Force Academy with a minor in Arabic language studies. Magram, who also aspires to become an Air Force pilot, rose to Cadet Com- mander of John J. Montgomery Memorial Cadet Squadron 36 at Reid-Hillview Airport in San Jose during five years in the cadet program. Cadet Capt. Trevor Johnson, a cadet for three years, graduated from Rio Americano High School in Sacramento and will study as- trophysics at the Academy. MARCHING ORDERS: Cal Wing contributed five cadets to an Academy class of Johnson served as the Cadet Ex- nearly 1,400. ecutive Officer of Sacramento Cadet Squadron 14. He wants to program for our cadets,” said Col. benefit them in the years to come. make the Air Force his career and Virginia Nelson, California Wing We look forward to seeing them eventually train as a flight naviga- Commander. “We are all excited progress through the academies tor. to see these cadets enter the acad- and in their military careers.” “California Wing for years emies and feel the cadet training has had an outstanding training they received will continue to

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36 ES101: CPR Have No Fear, A Rescuer is Here By 2nd Lt. Juan S. Fernandez, Van Nuys Hawker Squadron 128 CPR Training Gives a Vigilant Lt. an Off-Duty Save

BEFORE THE CRISIS: Fernandez was recruited by his wife MANY HAPPY RETURNS: Fernandez, along with the “save” to provide extra eyes around the pool. of a lifetime.

VAN NUYS—For those medical But I was already sensing that already too late, and there was professionals who daily deal with something was wrong. One of the nobody else to help him. life and death situations, what mothers was on the edge of the The mother left the boy on his happened to me one Saturday last pool, pointing into the water, back, face up. His eyes were half July might seem fairly mundane. where a boy was apparently flat open. A mixture of water, air and But saving a life was a first for on the pool bottom. I yelled for birthday cake was foaming from me. someone to pull him out while I his mouth and nose. He was cold My wife and I chaperoned our ran toward the fence. (That was to the touch. There was no pulse. two children to a birthday party my first good decision: Flustered, Based on when I’d last surveyed for our friends’ five-year-old son. I found myself struggling to open the pool scene, I assumed he’d As if she had an intuition for what gate I was pulling the wrong way, been under water for more than might happen, my wife insisted while I heard the splash of some- three minutes. that I go because it was a pool one jumping into the pool to pull I rolled him on his side and party and she wanted to make him out.) In the distance, I saw checked his mouth with my finger sure there were extra eyes on our the child—motionless on the edge and yelled “Somebody call for children. of the pool—and the mother help now! Call 911!” I started im- The party itself—centered on standing beside him, crying. mediate mouth-to-mouth resusci- a typical fenced-in pool sur- As I approached the scene I tation, followed by chest com- rounded by a two-story apartment was thinking: “Why me? I’m not pressions, and then checked for a complex—went well, eventually ready for this. This can’t be hap- reaction. After a few cycles, I saw moving indoors for cake, games pening.” I couldn’t summon a him blink, giving me hope, but I and a piñata. As my wife and I single memory of the squadron could still not feel a pulse. I were rushing around to leave, I CPR training classes. (Ironically, couldn’t remember the ratio of heard someone say there was a my CPR refresher course was rescue breaths/chest compres- kid in the pool—without mention- scheduled for the following week- sions—but I realized that I was ing that he had fallen in or was end.) Two things I knew: The boy the only chance the kid had. drowning. only had minutes if it wasn’t Continued on page 39 . . .

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38 ES101: CPR Have No Fear, A Rescuer is Here Continued . . . From the Finally, the mother came on Wright Brothers the scene—crying, grabbing the to child, hugging him and pulling Memorabilia him away from me. I had to fight her to keep him in my care while I of continued CPR and checked for World War II reactions. After a few minutes, I could feel his heart suddenly pumping like crazy. He slowly began Friday – Sunday 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. breathing on his own. I rolled him on his side, and heard a cry, but he Admission around $2.00 was still unresponsive. A few seconds later, two police officers ar- 805-922-8758 rived and I stepped aside, drop- ping on a nearby chair. The offic- 3015 Airpark Drive ers wrapped him in a towel and, a Santa Maria, CA 93455 few minutes later, the para- medics arrived. www.smmof.org One officer told me that if I We proudly salute the lifesaving efforts of Civil Air Patrol! hadn’t taken action, the boy would have died right then and there. He said there are times he’s unable to stand or support myself. ing too hard on his chest? The boy arrived to find that no one has Answering my wife’s concerns, seemed so small. even taken the victim out of the the police officer told me it was As it happens, the next day pool. As I walked out to the am- normal to feel drained after an was our squadron awards ban- bulance, the boy’s mother adrenaline rush. quet, where I was greeted with thanked me for saving her The policeman also con- cheers and congratulations. Maj. child’s life. firmed my instincts on the time Edwards had sent an email to ev- I immediately called my lapsed: It was exactly three min- eryone informing them of my ex- squadron commander Maj. utes between the dispatch and perience. I returned home to a Denise Edwards—an ER nurse their arrival. I estimate that they voicemail message from the and CPR instructor—to report got the call about five minutes af- mother thanking me again. She what had just happened. After go- ter I had begun CPR. The para- told me later that the boy, who ing over the incident in detail, I medics took another three to four usually swims with arm floaters, came to realize that I had done ev- minutes. went into the pool without them, erything that I was supposed to After I drove home in a daze, using the steps, walking in until do, automatically. I found myself with lingering he lost his footing and sunk. I Then I found myself in need doubts: How was the child? Had I couldn’t help thinking to myself of less dramatic attention: I sat on done something wrong that could that I had made her son’s fifth the steps of the apartment stairs, have hurt him, for instance, push- birthday party possible.

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40 ES101: CPR Keep Your Head During Mouth-to-Mouth By Maj. Carol Denise Edwards, Director of Emergency Services, Group 1 A CPR Trainer Reminds Rescuers to First Remember to Breathe for Themselves VAN NUYS—My first response to Juan Fernandez’s call to me on the morning of the incident was “Congratulations! Thanks for keeping your head, for your will- ingness to get involved, and for saving a child’s life.” Juan’s action changed the course of a near tragic event. Did he do all the steps perfectly, or in the exact order as written in the textbooks? What matters, finally, is that he performed CPR well enough to save a life. One of the questions that a rescuer often asks after a trau- matic encounter such as Juan’s is, “Did I do it right? What if I did LEARNING TO SAVE LIVES: Cal Wing Cadets practicing CPR. something wrong, compressed too hard, or the wrong number of tor, but for review purposes only. Call. Make sure someone has compressions? Did I do every- Steps are different in respond- called for help. If there is any thing I could?” These are natural ing to the adult (over 8 years of doubt, have someone else call responses. I have asked myself age), the child (ages 1 to 8), and while you are taking care of the the same questions many times infant (newborn to age 1). victim. Tell them to call for help after an emergency. In an emergency, take a and instruct them to return to the Remember: We do not need couple of deep breathes and try to scene and let you know they have to be perfect to save a life, just keep calm. It takes a couple of made the call. willing to try. Training—from a seconds for the brain and the Care for what you find. Do a competent, well-informed in- training to kick in. Think about survey, the Primary Survey, first. structor—and practice, taking ev- what you have learned. Look for those things that are life ery opportunity to stay current, Remember the 3 “C”s: threatening. Take care of them are the keys. This is the same as 1. Check first. Sometimes there are others training as a pilot or in any other 2. Call who can help. Ask. discipline. 3. Care Some of the life-threatening In air-crash rescue, we Check the scene for safety for emergencies: learned ... then trained and trained you, for others in the area, and the 1. Unconsciousness until what we did became almost victim. Take appropriate action. 2. Not breathing a natural reflex. Check what happened. Who is in- 3. No pulse That said, here’s a brief re- jured? If more than one person is 4. Severe bleeding fresher on some of the Emergency injured, who is injured the worst? Other life-threatening emer- Steps. Warning: This is not in- Who can I help? Who can help gencies, such as heart attacks, tended to take the place of formal me? Use others to help wherever troubled breathing, allergic reac- training by a competent instruc- possible. Continued . . .

41 ES101: CPR Keep Your Head During Mouth-to-Mouth Continued . . .

breaths. Watch for the chest to rise and fall. There should be little resistance to the air going into the lungs. For an infant, put your mouth over both the mouth and nose and give two slow rescue breaths, just enough air to see the chest rise. Easy does it for an infant. Assuming the breaths went in, check for pulse. Checking for a pulse will let you, the rescuer, know if the heart is circulating the blood to the victim’s vital organs, sustaining life. For adults and children, check for pulse at the neck: Place two fingers on the Adam’s apple, then draw them to- Members of San Diego Cadet Squadron 144 learned CPR earlier in the year from ward you into the hollow of the San Diego Sheriff’s Sgt. Chris Van Gorder. victim’s neck. Check an infant’s tions and other circumstances, CPR rescue breathing without pulse on the inside of the arm, be- will be covered in a full First Aid tilting the head back. When neck tween the elbow and the upper and CPR course. injury is possible, an alternative arm. After checking for the life- to the chin-head tilt called the Jaw Check all the victims’ pulse threatening emergencies, the res- Thrust may be used to attempt to and breathing no more than ten cuer should move on to other in- get air into the victim. Stabilize seconds, while looking for other juries, and treat them until more the head and neck and push up on signs of life. If there is a pulse advanced medical help arrives. the corners of the jawbone. If this present, but no breathing, con- Unconsciousness is a life- does not work the head will need tinue rescue breaths until help ar- threatening situation because the to be tilted back in order to get air rives. reason for the condition is often into the lungs, regardless of the • For an adult: unknown. The unconscious risk of aggravating a neck injury. one breath, every 5 seconds, for victim’s tongue will often drop to Breathing. With the head one minute the back of the throat, cutting off tilted back, Check (Look, listen • For an infant or child: the airway. Sometimes all that is and feel): Is the victim breathing? one breath, every 3 seconds, for needed in an emergency is open- If so, continue to look for other one minute. ing the victim’s airway by using injuries while keeping the airway Then re-check for pulse and the chin-head tilt method, which open. If not, look in the mouth, breathing. If you find a pulse, helps pull the tongue away from clear out any foreign matter. If continue rescue breathing. If the back of the throat allowing the necessary, turn victims on their there’s no pulse, the chest must be victim to breath. Here’s how to side and sweep the mouth. If compressed to circulate the blood. perform the chin-head tilt: nothing is seen in the mouth, do Hand placement or (for the infant) Slightly tilt the head back a little not do a finger sweep. Using a finger placement is critical. To for the infant, a little more for the pocket mask if available, but avoid injury to the victim, it is im- child, and even further back for mouth-to-mouth if necessary, at- portant to avoid applying pressure the adult. tempt two breaths of air, taking into to the bottom of the sternum (the Observe caution if there is a consideration the risk you incur. xyphoid process). Use two fingers strong possibility the victim has For both the adult and child, for an infant, one hand for a child, suffered a neck injury. First, try pinch the nose and give two slow Continued on page 53 . . .

42 RE:CAP A California Wing Flyby SQ45 Boasts Devil Pup’s Top Dog Aviation Pioneer’s Relative Visits Namesake Squadron

SAN JOSE—Craig Harwood, the great grand- nephew of the unit’s namesake, visited John J. Montgomery Memorial Cadet Squadron 36 here in September to offer a presentation on his ancestor. Highlights included never-before-seen photos of Montgomery and an interesting biography that not only covered previously unknown facts about John J. Montgomery, but also Montgomery’s perspectives on flying, collecting data, and on making contribu- tions to aviation history. DEVIL PUP TAIL WAGS: Squadron 45 is howling about C/ Airman Chris Applegate’s achievement. “John was very concerned about controlled flight and felt that it was necessary to perfect that aspect MARCH AIR RESERVE BASE—Cadet Airman prior to attempting powered flight,” Harwood men- Chris Applegate of March Field Composite Squad- tioned. “By 1896, Montgomery had created a small ron 45 has won the Holland M. Smith Memorial scale version of a tandem-wing flying machine—the Award. Cadet Applegate attended the ten-day Devil design that formed the basis of his patent—that was Pups Youth Citizenship Development Program at so well balanced and controllable that it could be Camp Pendleton last June. During his stay at the released from virtually any position and would Marine Corps camp, Cadet Applegate distinguished immediately right itself and continue on a predeter- himself as the “best of the best” out of 180 partici- mined course.” A large, manned version of this craft pants. The award citation reads “Christopher would later be publicly demonstrated in 1905 and Applegate, Company Honor Pup, July 30, 2005.” again in 1906. The Devil Pups Citizenship Program began in Harwood also touched his family’s recreated past 1954. Since its inception, over 44,000 teens 14 to 17 through the hard work of 1st Lt. Ken Palmer, finance years old have gone through the program. Devil Pups officer for the San Jose unit. Palmer, along with sev- live in Marine Corps quarters, comply with Marine eral cadets, spent the better part of a year researching Corps hours and regulations, and eat Marine Corps and recreating John J. Montgomery’s 1883 flyer, food. They participate in running and conditioning using period techniques and textiles. Harwood was exercises, learn first aid, jump into water from a impressed with the re-created glider of his great 35-foot tower, bivouac, swim and perform close- grand uncle’s design. “This is one of the best, most order drill. To the extent such activities coincide with accurate recreations of my ancestor’s glider that I’ve the program, they also observe Marine weapons ever seen. “Squadron 36 also resumes emergency training, tank-infantry tactics, field fortification services training for the first time in nearly a decade, attacks, combat in-towns and graduation from boot hosting Urban Direction Finding training class at camp. Participants attend lectures on the dangers of Reid-Hillview Airport in July. Capt. Keith J. Stason drug and alcohol abuse as well as the value of leader- was the instructor.—Maj. Mike “Monty” ship.—1st Lt. Diane Eller-Boyko, PAO, March Montgomery, Commander, John J. Field Composite Squadron 45 Montgomery Memorial Cadet Squadron 36

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44 RE:CAP The Colorful Lives of a Green Hornet

Green Beret Recon Teams and extracting them a few days later. He recalled that nearing a drop zone the standard operating procedure was to fly at maximum speed (110 knots) just above the tree tops. Some- times he needed to cut a hole in the jungle canopy with the blades of his helicopter to successfully land and take-off and complete his mission. During his one-year tour, nine Hueys were shot down. Maj. Guy was in incident HORNET PILOT: Maj. Ron Guy, surrounded by his latest admirers. numbers four and seven. Guy said no one was left behind. SAN DIEGO—Maj. Ronald N. Guy, a USAF tanker After a stint flying the NKC-135, Maj. Guy re- and helicopter pilot during the Vietnam War, spoke ceived his last command, at the USAF Eastern Test at San Diego Cadet Squadron 144 last August. Range, Patrick AFB, Florida, flying the EC-135N After ROTC and training on Beechcraft T-34 Airborne Range Instrumented Aircraft (ARIA) with Mentor and North American T-28 Trojan aircraft, an eight-foot diameter telemetry antenna in the nose, Maj. Guy completed primary jet instruction on the commonly referred to as the “snoopy aircraft.” They Lockheed T-33 Shooting Star at Craig AFB, Ala- were used as electronic relay platforms during the bama. Apollo Missions, during submarine missile tests, and That’s when Maj. Guy used up one of his nine other ICBM launches. He flew as the Aircraft Com- lives. One night, shortly after the start of his training, mander on ARIA One, the lead telemetry aircraft on he experienced a total electrical failure while in the the Apollo 16 Lunar Mission operating out of Perth, pattern. Using his flashlight to read the instruments, Australia, for the launch, and at Nandi in the Fiji Is- he noted three “unsafe” landing gear indicators and lands for the spacecraft recovery. knew that, with the electrical fuel pumps gone, he As an instructor pilot, Maj. Guy was credited had only 64 gallons of gravity-fed fuel remaining. with the first recorded perfect missile telemetry re- With no radio, Maj. Guy could not send out a distress covery in the history of the USAF Eastern Test call; instead he barely found an opening between two Range. Unfortunately, he also experienced a total aircraft and, making a low pass over the runway, re- loss of pitot-static instruments during a heavy takeoff entered the pattern and belly-landed, using the entire liftoff from the airfield at Albuquerque, New runway to stop. Mexico. A T-38 Talon was launched to provide air- By 1962, Maj. Guy had transitioned from Boeing speed and other vital information for letdown, ap- KC-97 Stratotanker to the KC-135 Stratotanker II proach, and landing. and was assigned to the 919th Air Refueling Squad- Fortunately, that was the last life Maj. Guy ex- ron, then at Turner AFB, Georgia. This squadron was pended in some 4,300 hours as a pilot in service to sent to Vietnam to support B-52 Stratofortresses and his country. His military decorations include two fighters. He also flew photo-reconnaissance missions Distinguished Flying Crosses, a Meritorious Service to observe French nuclear atomic bomb tests in the Medal, eight Air Medals and two Purple Hearts. South Pacific. As if that was not enough for a distinguished ca- After learning to fly Bell UH-1P Iroquois (Huey) reer, Maj. Guy retired after 20 years of active duty helicopters, graduating first in his class of 1968, he and graduated Thomas Jefferson School of Law, a was assigned to the 20th Special Operations Squad- practicing lawyer until 2003 when he retired. ron, known as the Green Hornets, flying out of Nha Members of Squadron 144 said they felt hon- Trang, South Vietnam in support of the 5th Special ored to have Maj. Guy share his experiences with Forces (Green Berets). them.—Capt. Dennis Ammann, PAO, San Diego Maj. Guy recalled his experiences inserting Cadet SQ144

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46 RE:CAP Observatory Bivouac NorCal Dominates Leaves San Diego National SAR School Cadets Starry-Eyed for AE CAMPO—Members of the San Diego Astronomy Association (SDAA) invited San Diego Cadet Squadron 144 to bivouac under the stars near the organization’s observatory here, in the high desert about two miles from the Mexican border, last summer. SAR STUDENTS FOUND: (L-R) Lt. Col. Rollin Dixon, USAF, Andy Hendrickson and Dennis Ritz, SDAA Capt. Frank Duarte, Lt.Col. Donald Towse, Lt. Col. Paul members and private pilots, hosted the event. Squad- Reed, Lt. Keith Stason, Maj. Mike Heil, Tech. Sgt. Jennifer ron safety officer Capt. Dennis Ammann briefed the Hewitt, USAF. gathering on altitude issues, local natural habitat, and LOS ANGELES—Five California Wing officers maintaining night vision. A barbecue and exploration graduated the National SAR School’s Inland Search of the ten-acre observatory at Tierra del Sol (Land of and Rescue Planning course held at the California the Sun) followed the orientation. The site’s features National Guard Camp San Luis Obispo. The class of include 60 small cement pads on the chaparral for 2005 included: Lt. Col. Paul Reed, Merced County telescopes and RV hookups for visiting stargazers. Composite Squadron 147; Lt. Col. Donald Towse Just before sunset, SDAA vice president Bob and Capt. Frank Duarte, San Jose Senior Squadron Austin invited cadets to see the moon in the gibbous 80; Maj. Mike Heil, attached to California Wing phase through his 17-inch mirror Dobsonian-type headquarters; and Lt. Keith Stason, Jon E. Kramer telescope and taught them how to train the six-foot Composite Squadron 10, Palo Alto. long telescope on stars for later observation. Both Ju- Other students included sheriff’s deputies and piter and Venus were in excellent position for view- SAR team members from 13 California counties, ing, and Mars made an appearance later. Capt. representatives from Federal agencies, the state Of- Ammann showed cadets how to use the Ursa Major fice of Emergency Services, and the U.S. Air Force constellation to find Polaris and pointed out the Reserves. “summer triangle” of stars. Students learned advanced methods of search- As the event was meant for astronomy, there was and-rescue planning and coordination. The course no early “Taps,” and at 0115 Hrs the cadets were still concluded with an exercise involving an overdue air- up for the glory of the Milky Way, obscured only plane search and a missing persons rescue and recov- slightly by the light pollution from San Diego to the ery. northwest and the Imperial Valley to the east. Cadets The mission of the National Search and Rescue observed with the naked eye and rotated in to the ob- School is to promote standardization and profession- servatory itself, where the hosts had a 16-inch Meade alism by providing SAR training to selected military LX200 Schmidt-Cassegrain, and both 16- and 18- and civilian personnel around the world. inch Meade Dobsonian-design telescopes. Cadets The instructors were Lt. Col. Rollin Dixon and were able to identify the Hercules (M13) star cluster, Tech. Sgt. Jennifer Hewitt from the Air Force Rescue the Andromeda Galaxy (M31) a globular star cluster Coordination Center (AFRCC), which is charged in Sagittarius (M22) and the highlight, a globular star with coordinating Federal response for search and cluster in Ophiuchus (M12), 17,000 light years away. rescue within the continental United States. At 0300 Hrs, the hosts found the distant blue disks of Neptune and Uranus, planets that can only be seen with high powered telescopes. “Being able to see the different planets and the moon with such clarity was very intriguing and informa- tive,” commented C/Airman Basic Garrett Kennedy. “I hope I can go again soon.”—Capt. Dennis Ammann, PAO, San Diego Cadet SQ144

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48 RE:CAP SQ45 Meets C-17 International Cadets MARCH AIR RESERVE BASE—The C-17 Globe- Experience Edwards master III airlift aircraft, the newest plane of its type to enter the Air Force inventory, was welcomed to its new EDWARDS AIR FORCE BASE—Cadets from home here last summer by the March Field Compos- Canada, Sweden, and Israel visited the United States ite Squadron 45. With a maximum payload of and Composite Squadron 84 cadets and their families 170,900 pounds and maximum gross takeoff weight last summer as part of CAP’s International Air Cadet of 585,000 pounds, the C-17 built by Boeing Exchange (IACE) program. (McDonnell Douglas Corp.) is capable of rapid stra- Opening their Palmdale home to Canadian cadets tegic delivery of troops and cargo to main operating Melanie Milot and Melody Neufeld, 2nd Lt. Kristina bases or to forward areas of deployment. C-17s boast M. McDonald, 2nd Lt. Joel L. Mehler and C/Tech. a cruise speed of 500 mph, or 450 knots (mach .77), Sgt. Alec Mehler hosted a three-day stay for their and an un-refueled range of approximately 5,200 cadet guests in July. nautical miles with an initial payload of 130,000 Participating in the IACE program for the first pounds and a cruise altitude of 28,000 feet. time, the CAP host family spent time with their visi- The dedication of the C-17 hangar at March tors enjoying local dining and theater events ARB marks an important milestone at this historic throughout the Antelope Valley. Edwards AFB airfield, which dates back to 1918. Squadron 45, at- hosted a daylong tour of the NASA-Dryden Flight tached to March Air Reserve Base, provided ground Research Center, Air Force Flight Test Center support for the dedication ceremony, directed the Museum and the Edwards flightline. parking for the VIP guests and the media. Following The Edwards-based CAP cadets expressed a a formal dedication service, members assisted in great deal of excitement at sharing time with their serving refreshments. counterparts from the three participating nations. As a reward for its light duty, the squadron was “Learning how differently the Canadian cadets pro- granted a tour of the C-17, including the cockpit, mote, what kinds of cadet programs they have over where two pilots explained the instrument panels and there compared to us here in the United States, even suggested that the C-17 was “one of the easiest how different the money exchange rates are…This planes to fly in the Air Force.” was a very good experience,” remarked Sgt Mehler. Later from the podium, Brig. Gen. James T. “We had a really good time learning about each Rubeor, commander of the Air Force Reserve other, what the schools are like, talking about how Command’s 452nd Air Mobility Wing, and Con- similar and different our countries are, and finding gressman Ken Calvert (44th District, California) out what we want to do some day with our [CAP] shared facts about the C-17 with the VIPs and March experiences.” ARB personnel. The goal of the IACE program is to foster and The C-17 design allows it to operate on small, maintain international relationships between the ca- austere airfields. The C-17 can take off and land on det participants from the various nations. In 2005, runways as short as 3,000 feet and as narrow as 90 CAP cadets traveled to 17 countries, including feet, where it can even turn around by using its back- Turkey, Switzerland, Belgium, Australia and ing capacity to perform a three-point star turn. Maxi- Great Britain.—2nd Lt. Joel L. Mehler, Edwards mum use has been made of off-the-shelf and com- AFB Composite Squadron 84 mercial equipment, including Air Force-standardized avionics. Eight C-17s will be welcomed to March. An additional 42 will be deployed nationwide. Congress- man Calvert said “the C-17 does the heavy lifting for the Air Service and will be able to deliver Marines on short notice, which will make America safer. Subse- quently, March Air Reserve Base will play a vital role in our near future.”—SM Diane Eller-Boyko, PAO, March Field Composite Squadron 45

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50 RE:CAP

squadron patch emailed to Phillips at the ISS. He enlarged the image, trimmed it, and posed with the patch in front of a port- hole looking out into space. He emailed the photo back to Maj. Woods. Every member of the squadron was given a copy as a memento. The squadron’s cadets continue to correspond with Dr. Phillips through Maj. Woods. For example, Cadet Sergeant Ryan Bucher asked, “While in space, what do you miss most, besides your loved ones?” and Dr. Phillips HONORARY SKYHAWK IN SPACE: Dr. John Phillips with a tribute from aboard answered: “I miss just being out- the International Space Station. side. I also miss cold drinks of all sorts—we don’t have a fridge up here!” Dr. Phillips sent the cadets Squadron 47 Looks a photo of San Diego from his perch, some 250 miles above Up for Inspiration Earth. Incidentally, Dr. Phillips is CAMP PENDLETON—Squadron Woods, a senior member in the serving with the Russian cosmo- 47 has friends in high places—but squadron. They were cadets in naut, Expedition 11 Commander none higher than Dr. John Phillips, CAP together at Williams Air Sergei Krikalev, who was NASA Expedition 11 astronaut, a Force Base in Mesa, Arizona, expected to have spent 800 days science officer and flight engineer during the mid-60s. in space before his return—the living aboard the International When Woods discovered that longest stay in space in Space Station since April. his friend was going to the ISS, he history.—1st Lt. Seelye Day, Dr. Phillips (Capt., USNR asked if Astronaut Phillips for a PAO, Skyhawks Composite ret.) is a friend of Maj. Mike special favor. Woods had the Squadron 47 Squadron 5 Inaugurates New HQ with SAREX RIVERSIDE—San Bernardino Senior Squadron 5 Airport in Torrance. and Group 3’s two-day search-and-rescue exercise at USAF Liaison Lt. Col. Mike Prusak was on hand Riverside Airport last August was declared “an to observe, critique and compliment the exercise. unqualified success” by exercise observers. The event marks the first SAREX held at River- A total of 50 members from 12 squadrons par- side since Squadron 5 moved its headquarters from ticipated in 19 training sorties, logging nearly 50 San Bernardino Airport in February. The new HQ flight hours. One concurrent actual mission resulted boasts separate rooms for Mission Command, in a non-distress “find” for Cable Composite Squad- Operations, Communications and Administration ron 25, Upland, which located an activated emer- well suited to future exercises and missions.—2nd gency locator transmitter signal at Zamperini Field Lt. James Daley

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52 RE:CAP / ES101: CPR National Ops Lauds Ripp, Terpstra for Archer Bullseye LOS ANGELES—CAP’s National Director of Op- their efforts.” Salvador expressed particular gratitude erations John A. Salvador commended two Cal Wing to Pastor Joseph Torres and Capt. Frank Shyne, pilots, 1st Lt. Ted Ripp, San Fernando Senior Squad- Commander of Burbank Angels Cadet Squadron 63. ron 35, and 1st Lt. Shane Terpstra, attached to Cali- “I’ve been working with CAP for the past ten years fornia Wing, for their achievement in the Archer in both an Air Force and now CAP role and I can tell Hyperspectral Imaging program. you I’ve never been treated so well. All of the Lt. Ripp graduated at the top of the first Archer members of the Advanced Technology Group and training class conducted by National Headquarters at the Archer trainees from all over the country really Mojave. The two pilots stand as the only qualified appreciated the extra effort the members of Squad- Archer operators in the Wing. “Ted Ripp performed ron 63 did to ensure their comfort.” extremely well during the Archer training class,” Lt. Col. Nelson implored the Wing crew to con- Salvador noted. “He is now a fully qualified Archer sider Archer training: “NHQ decides who will be in- Operator. We’re going to be relying on him heavily vited to participate based on the test scores of the as we conduct further tests and training in the south- Web-based Archer Screening Course,” she said. ern California area. “The screening is designed for senior members (no “We really appreciate the outstanding support cadets at this time) who are computer savvy and Squadron 63 provided for our recent Archer accep- are already aircrew members.” Pilots, Observers tance tests and training evaluation,” Salvador added, and Scanners all qualify. The test, found at in a letter to California Wing Commander Virginia www.tests.cap.af.mil/ops/archer_training, takes less Nelson. “Everything went very smoothly because of than an hour to complete.

Keep Your Head During Mouth-to-Mouth Continued from page 42 . . .

and two hands for the adult. For rescue breathing only. No breath- Emergency Services should an adult, apply 15 compressions 1 ing, no pulse, use breathing and know. All CAP members and ½ to 2 inches deep; for a child, compressions until help arrives. their families should take one of five compressions, 1 to 1 ½ Severe bleeding must also be the many First Aid and CPR inches deep; for an infant, apply stopped in life-threatening inter- courses provided throughout the five compressions one-half to one ventions. Using protective gloves year. inch deep. How fast? Approxi- or barriers to avoid blood-borne Maj. Carol Denise Edwards, mately 100 times per minute for pathogens, stop the victim’s Commander of Van Nuys Hawker an adult and child, and more than bleeding by applying direct pres- Squadron 128, is a certified 100 times per minute for an sure to the wound, elevating the American Red Cross Instruc- infant. affected part above the heart’s tor; an Emergency Responder, Continue a cycle of com- level, and by using pressure California Child Care; and an pressions and rescue breaths for points—locations where arteries Instructor of Wilderness First Aid approximately one minute. or veins can be pressed against a and Wilderness Survival. She has Re-check for pulse and breathing bone— to help control the served as the Group 1 Director of every few minutes, and treat the bleeding. Emergency Services. victim accordingly. Remember: That’s just a small portion of No breathing, with a pulse, use what everybody involved in SUPPORT OUR ADVERTISERS!

53 ABOVE & BEYOND A Crash on Mt. Shasta Tests Persistence

Date, Mission: amount of airports, resources few and far between, 18 JUN, 05M1013A and the weather usually an issue—he’s been instru- Incident Commander: Capt. Burt Kingsbury mental to finding numerous crashes.” Asche: “This Briefing: With what turned out to be nearly unlim- mission had outstanding inter-agency coordination. ited line of sight, an ELT was putting out a signal Burt works with local law enforcement very well. over a 100 square mile radius of Mt. Shasta. Could a He’s on a first-name basis with SAR coordinators. signal that high be anything but a crash or a lost He’s very responsive to the needs of CAP.” hiker? Still, there are no reports of missing aircrafts. And the ESsy Goes to… A CAP ground team and Siskiyou County Sheriff’s Maj. Bill Gilligan and Capt. Mark Walters, Redwood deputies are led by an ELT 23 miles west of Mt. Empire Composite Squadron 157; Capt. Burt Shasta to its summit. Bad weather delays the search Kingsbury, Shasta Composite Squadron 126; and until the morning. The Air Force Rescue Coordina- Maj. Jan Ostrat, attached to California Wing, all tion Center wants to close the mission. awarded Distress Finds. Find: Crashed Piper PA-28 was sighted in the morning by the California Highway Patrol helicopter, located at 12,000 feet AGL on the south side of Mt. Shasta, 41 23.80 N by 122 11.35 W. The signal was intermittent because the wreck appears to have slid down the mountain almost a thousand feet. One casualty. Inaccessible, the crash is still intact to this day. The pilot, visibly slumped over the controls in aerial photography of the crash, did not survive. Citations: Keilholtz: “The entire mission was riding on gutwork and legwork.” Ostrat: “Burt [Kingsbury] has a very large response area, at least a third of the state of California. And because of the Norcal environment—most of it mountainous with a limited

54 A Grid One Third the Area of Rhode Island Date, Mission: 29 SEP, 05M1851A ES Squadron of the Year Incident Commander: Capt. Bob Keilholtz BAKERSFIELD COMPOSITE SQUADRON 121 Briefing: A pilot on a pipeline 1ST LT. RON BREWSTER, COMMANDER patrol flight in Kern County is reported overdue. There is no ELT or last-known position radar sighting. Find: Cessna 150, near Bakers- field, 35 07.64 N by 119 33.37 W. Crash site is found in a canyon outside the primary search area. The pilot did not survive. Citations: Keilholtz: “The primary search area was over 300 square miles, covering some 24 quarter grids. A unified command was established with the Kern Country Sheriff’s department to perform a hasty search. What I thought initially was going to be just following 10 to 15 miles of pipeline turned out to be quite a mission, because there were all miles outside the track. It was the what the pilot’s typical habits these feeder lines that made it, right grid, the right lighting, and were.” effectively, hundreds of miles. we found the guy.” Asche: “Due And the ESsy Goes to… The guys did a great job of to intelligence I gathered from the 1st Lt. Ron Brewster, SM searching and felt confident aircraft owner, we were able to Samantha Lack and 1st Lt. Dave they’d covered the grid, so we narrow the search area down to a McCarthy, Bakersfield Com- expanded it out and planned well. small area. We determined posite Squadron 121, awarded We found the wreck a couple of through several interviews Distress Finds.

55 ABOVE & BEYOND R-22, Where Are You?

Date, Mission: weather delays for fog and low knew they were missing a heli- 22 SEP, 05M1784 ceiling, the crashed R-22 was copter until we found it.” Incident Commanders: Maj. found in a canyon, through a six- Asche: “ELTs are often taken for Margot Leveque and Capt. Bob minute window in the cloud granted. The outstanding result Keilholtz cover. The pilot did not survive. we achieved came from pros- Briefing: Eight new R-22 heli- Citations: Keilholtz: “When an ecuting the mission as if it was for copters left the factory and ELT goes off in this area of the real. The aircrew located a very headed for Las Vegas. Only six desert, it’s always tough to find an difficult to find target.” made it through stormy weather IC and a ground team. Communi- And the ESsy Goes to… that closed in the choppers cation is bad. It’s a long way to 1st Lt. Ron Brewster, Bakersfield quickly. As it turned out, one was drive or fly. It will turn out to be a Composite Squadron 121, and Lt. forced to land at a truck stop, but six to eight hour operation. Then Col. J.J. Gianquinto, attached to no one had reported either of people think after they respond California Wing, awarded them missing. An ELT went off, the ELT will go away. If I put out Distress Finds. indicating an emergency near the a page for the missing airplane, California/Nevada border, then my response will quadruple. In closed out. this case, we had no positive Find: Robinson R-22, eastern airborne signals, and had to rely Mojave Desert, 35 39.03 N by on our instincts that this was an 115 49.50 W. After multiple actual crash. In the end, nobody

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