Acta Sci. Pol., Formatio Circumiectus 12 (3) 2013, 41–51
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'XãDQ+~VND.DWDUtQD.UXSRYi3HWHU+DODM .ULVWtQD0DQGDORYi** Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra
Abstract. :DWHUTXDOLW\LQVWUHDPVSULPDULO\DIIHFWVKXPDQ$UHFHQWDVVHVVPHQWRIWKH characteristics of environmental indicators in the three sub-catchments basins Drevenica, ýHUHãĖRYê&UHHNDQGäLWDYD 'LVWULFW=ODWp0RUDYFH ZHVKRZHGWKLVHIIHFW7KHVL[WHHQ YLOODJHVLQWKHVXEFDWFKPHQWVGRQRWH[SHFWDQLQFUHDVHLQGHPRJUDSKLFWUHQGVHYHQDGH- FUHDVHLQSRSXODWLRQFRPSDUHGWR\HDUWRSHRSOH,QWHUPVRIZDWHUFRQVXPSWLRQ LQWKHYLOODJHVZHKDYHVHHQWKDWWKHFRQVXPSWLRQLVHYHQVPDOOHUWKDQWKHVSHFL¿HGPLQL- PXPK\JLHQH)RXUPXQLFLSDOLWLHVKDYHQ¶WRZQSXEOLFZDWHUDUHFRQQHFWHGWRJURXSZDWHU FRQGXLW=ODWp0RUDYFH$YHUDJHZDWHUFRQVXPSWLRQLQZDVOLWHUVāV–1 · day–1 7KHUHPRYDODQGWUHDWPHQWRIZDVWHZDWHUVLWXDWLRQLVGLIIHUHQWLQHDFKVXEFDWFKPHQWV,Q the sub catchments Drevenica one of four communities has built a wastewater treatment SODQWWKHýHUHãĖRYê&UHHNIURPIRXUPXQLFLSDOLWLHVWKUHHZLWKWUHDWPHQWSODQW,QäLWDYD basins of the seven municipalities have three community wastewater treatment plants, one LVXQGHUFRQVWUXFWLRQDQGRQHLVFRQQHFWHGWRWKHH[LVWLQJVHZHUDJHWUHDWPHQWSODQW6WDWXV RIZDWHUTXDOLW\LQULYHUEDVLQVDOVRDIIHFWVQRQSRLQWVRXUFHVRISROOXWLRQ7KHODUJHVWSHU- FHQWDJHRIDFUHDJHLQWKHYLOODJHVLVFXUUHQWO\DJULFXOWXUDOODQG,QWKH'UHYHQLFDEDVLQLV DJULFXOWXUDOODQGLQWKHýHUHãĖRYê&UHHNEDVLQ DQGäLWDYDEDVLQV
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Acta 12 (3) 2012.indd 41 2014-02-06 13:35:35 42 D. Húska, K. Krupová, P. Halaj, K. Mandalová
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INTRODUCTION 6XUIDFHZDWHUTXDOLW\LVFOHDUO\GHSHQGHQWRQVSHFL¿FODQGXVHSODQV7KH(XURSHDQ Union attaches great importance to restore the state of environmental quality, as evidenced by the adoption of a considerable number of framework directives based on the quality RIWKHHQYLURQPHQW'LUHFWLYH(&RIWKH(XURSHDQ3DUOLDPHQWDQG&RXQFLO WKH :DWHU)UDPHZRUN'LUHFWLYH ZKLFKHQWHUHGLQWRIRUFHLQ'HFHPEHUGH¿QHVZDWHU as not a normal commercial product, but rather the natural wealth that is inherited and PXVWEHSURWHFWHGGHIHQGHGDQGDFFRUGLQJWRKLPEHKDYH0HPEHU6WDWHVVKDOOHQVXUH by this Directive establish programs for monitoring water status in order to establish DFRKHUHQWDQGFRPSUHKHQVLYHRYHUYLHZRIZDWHUVWDWXVZLWKLQHDFKULYHUEDVLQ6LPLODUO\ WKHFOHDQLQJDQGVHZDJHGLVSRVDOLVDGRSWHG&RXQFLO'LUHFWLYH ((&RI0D\ 7KH'LUHFWLYHDGGUHVVHVRQO\DJJORPHUDWLRQVZLWKPRUHWKDQLQKDELWDQWV 7KHH[FHSWLRQLV$UWLFOHZKLFKGHDOVZLWKVPDOODJJORPHUDWLRQVZLWKFROOHFWLQJV\VWHP Cleaning in place (in situ) or other alternatives can be used instead collecting system, if WKHHVWDEOLVKPHQWRIDFROOHFWLQJV\VWHPLVQRWUDWLRQDOLWLVHFRQRPLFDOO\GLI¿FXOWDQG ZRXOGEHQH¿WWKHHQYLURQPHQW7KLVLVSUREDEO\WKHFDVHLQPRVWVPDOOVHWWOHPHQWVZLWK OHVVWKDQLQKDELWDQWV>&KULVWHQVHQ@7KHOHJLVODWLRQRQVXUIDFHZDWHUTXDOLW\ LQ6ORYDNLDLVDQHZ*RYHUQPHQW5HJXODWLRQ =RIHVWDEOLVKLQJWKHUHTXLUH- PHQWVIRUDFKLHYLQJJRRGZDWHUVWDWXV>-XUtN @7RTXDOLI\ZKLFKZHUHGH¿QHGE\ DGRSWLQJWKH:DWHU)UDPHZRUN'LUHFWLYH:DWHU3ODQZDVFUHDWHGLQ6ORYDNLDLQ ZDVDSSURYHGE\*RYHUQPHQW'HFUHHDGGLWLRQDOþ =RIRI$XJXVW YDOLGIURP6HSWHPEHU7KLV5HJXODWLRQLVGHFODUHGELQGLQJSDUWRI6ORYDNLD¶V:DWHU 3ODQFRQWDLQVDSURJUDPRIPHDVXUHVWRDFKLHYHHQYLURQPHQWDOREMHFWLYHV7RDFKLHYH good water status, we assure the quality of water falling into at least a second class of
Acta Sci. Pol.
Acta 12 (3) 2012.indd 42 2014-02-06 13:35:35 (YDOXDWLRQRIVXUIDFHZDWHULQäLWDYDFDWFKPHQW 43
HQYLURQPHQWDOTXDOLW\0DQ\VWUHDPVLQ6ORYDNLDGRHVQތWUHDFKHGWKLVVWDWH DQG technical infeasibility with a combination of economic reasons, the term shifted to the \HDUUHVSHFWLYHO\ -XUtN ([WUDRUGLQDU\LQÀXHQFHRQWKHTXDOLW\RIVXUIDFHZDWHULVDKXPDQSRSXODWLRQOLYLQJ in concrete basins and especially its water supply with discharge and handling of house- KROGZDWHU&XUUHQWO\LQWKH6ORYDN5HSXEOLFWKHGHYHORSPHQWRISXEOLFVHZHUDJHV\VWHP ODJVEHKLQGWKHGHYHORSPHQWRISXEOLFZDWHUVXSSO\ MATERIALS AND METHODS $VVHVVHGDUHDIDOOVZLWKLQWKHWHUULWRULDOXQLWRIWKHGLVWULFWGHPDUFDWLRQ=ODWp0RUDYFH Within the boundaries of the district will focus only on 3 sub-catchments own basin and VWUHDPÀRZVäLWDYDDQGVXEFDWFKPHQWV'UHYHQLFDDQGýHUHãĖRYê&UHHN'DWDRQVHWWOH- ments, percentage of drinking water for residents and connectivity sewer network and wastewater treatment plant were processed on the development plans of public water and VHZHU 5HJLRQDO(QYLURQPHQWDO2I¿FH1LWUD 'HPRJUDSKLFWUHQGVLQWKHSRSXODWLRQRI WKHYLOODJHVZHKDYHLGHQWL¿HGIRUXUEDQDQGFRPPXQLW\ZHEVLWHV:DWHUFRQVXPSWLRQ LQWKHYLOODJHVLQWKHSHULRG±ZHUHYLHZHGWKHGDWDSURYLGHGRI:HVW6ORYDNLD :DWHU&RPSDQ\ ,QF 1LWUD 0XQLFLSDOLWLHV ZKHUH WKH ZDVWHZDWHU WUHDWPHQW SODQW ZDV built, we sent a questionnaire about the construction, suppliers and operators of waste- ZDWHUWUHDWPHQW0XQLFLSDOLWLHVLQWKHGLVWULFWVKRZLQJWKHSRVLWLRQRIWKHRULJLQDWRURI DGRFXPHQWLQ)LJXUH Demographic trends in the population of villages in the sub-catchments is elaborated LQ7DEOH Description of areas with the characteristics of farming and land use in each sub- FDWFKPHQWLVGRFXPHQWHGLQ7DEOH7KHZDWHUFDWFKPHQW'UHYHQLFDZHZDWFKHGPXQLF- LSDOLW\IDOOLQJXQGHUWKHGLVWULFW=ODWp0RUDYFH%HODGLFH.RVWRĐDQ\XQGHU7UtEHþ/DGLFH DQG1HYHULFH6LPLODUO\LQWKHVXEEDVLQRIäitava, we evaluated the villages belonging to WKHGLVWULFW=ODWp0RUDYFH±-HGĐRYp.RVWRĐDQ\0DFKXOLQFH2E\FH7HViUVNH0O\ĖDQ\ DQG9LHVNDRYHUäLWDYD=ODWp0RUDYFHDQGäLWDYDQ\2XUFRQWULEXWLRQLVUHODWHGWRRQO\ village located just near the stream, we have not dealt with the municipalities located on WULEXWDULHV$OWKRXJKDVLJQL¿FDQWLPSDFWRQZDWHUTXDOLW\LQäLWDYDFDQKDYHLWVWULEXWD ULHV,QWKHýHUHãĖRYê&UHHNEDVLQZDVHYDOXDWHGFRPPXQLW\&KRþD6ĐDåDQ\6OHSþDQ\ DQG9HOþLFH Formatio Circumiectus 12 (3) 2013 Acta 12 (3) 2012.indd 43 2014-02-06 13:35:35 44 D. Húska, K. Krupová, P. Halaj, K. Mandalová N Skýcov 1 : 250 000 Zlatno Stra Jedľové Kosteľany ň ka Jarky Čš r s ere š ň Lovce ovy potok Leve otok Bolkov p Hostie Zikava ky Mankovce ns Kostoľany pod Tribečom Obyce Hosťovce Hostia Velčice Topoľčianky Ladice Martin nad Žitavou Machulince itava Žitavany Čý Pe Ž rdc potok aradick ls Sľažy ů ý ok Neverice Zlaté Moravce ekovs potok Drevenica T Choča oovkaBo Čaradice č iro na Tekovské Nemce Šđ Beladice Tesárske Mlyňany Volkovce Veľké Vozokany Slećany Malé Vozokany Rohožnicky potok Červený Hrádok Nemčiňany Nevidzany )LJ äLWDYDFDWFKPHQWZLWKZDWHUERGLHV 5\V =OHZQLDäLWDYD 7DEOH 3RSXODWLRQGHYHORSPHQWLQäLWDYDFDWFKPHQW 7DEHOD5R]ZyMPLHV]NDĔFyZZ]OHZQLäLWDYD Villages forming Population – Populacja äLWDYDFDWFKPHQW 0LHMVFRZRĞFL Z]OHZQLäLWDYD Beladice &KRþD &KUiãĢDQ\ –– -HGĐRYp.RVWRĐDQ\ 1011 .RVWRĐDQ\SRG7UtEHþRP /DGLFH 1 003 Machulince Neverice 2E\FH 1001 1031 6ĐDåDQ\ 6OHSþDQ\ 7HViUVNH0O\ĖDQ\ 9HOþLFH 9LHVNDQDGäLWDYRX =ODWp0RUDYFH äLWDYDQ\ – Total Acta Sci. Pol. Acta 12 (3) 2012.indd 44 2014-02-06 13:35:35 (YDOXDWLRQRIVXUIDFHZDWHULQäLWDYDFDWFKPHQW 45 Inne 2WKHU 0 0 0 /DV\ Forest land Grunty orne Agricultural grassland Potok Permanent Ī\WNL]LHORQH U Sady Gardens The total area of land types, km Ī\WHN U Arable land 5RG]DMHXĪ\WNRZDQLDZFDáNRZLWHMSRZLHU]FKQLNP äLWDYDFDWFKPHQW±=OHZQLDäLWDYD Build 'UHYHQLFDFDWFKPHQW±=OHZQLD'UHYHQLFD =DEXGRZDQLD ýHUHãĖRYê&UHHNFDWFKPHQW±=OHZQLDýHUHãĖRYê FDáNRZLWD Total area Total Powierzchnia Villages forming Villages FDWFKPHQWäLWDYD 0LHMVFRZRĞFLZ]OHZQLäLWDYD Beladice -HGĐRYp.RVWRĐDQ\ &KRþD .RVWRĐDQ\SRG7UtEHþRP /DGLFH Neverice 6ĐDåDQ\6OHSþDQ\ 9HOþLFH Machulince 2E\FH 7HViUVNH0O\ĖDQ\ 9LHVNDQDGäLWDYRX =ODWp0RUDYFHäLWDYDQ\ 7DEOH 7KHWRWDOFDGDVWHUDUHDVDQGODQGW\SHV 7DEHOD8Ī\WNRZDQLHREV]DUyZ Formatio Circumiectus 12 (3) 2013 Acta 12 (3) 2012.indd 45 2014-02-06 13:35:35 46 D. Húska, K. Krupová, P. Halaj, K. Mandalová RESULTS %DVHGRQ7DEOHZHFDQFRQFOXGHWKDWWKHHYROXWLRQRIWKHSRSXODWLRQIURP WR LQVXEFDWFKPHQWV'UHYHQLFDýHUHãĖRYê&UHHNDQGWKHäLWDYDJUHZVOLJKWO\WKHQ VORZHG$QRWKHUSHULRGRIGHSUHVVLRQLQWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKHSRSXODWLRQWKH\HDUV WR LQDQLQFUHDVHRIRQO\SHRSOH 6LQFH WRWKH\HDU ZHKDYHVHHQDQLQFUHDVHLQSRSXODWLRQRI ,QWKHVWXGLHGFRPPXQLWLHVLVQRW H[SHFWHGRQWKHEDVLVRIWKLVDVVHVVPHQWDQGQHLWKHUKDVEHHQDVLJQL¿FDQWLQFUHDVHLQ SRSXODWLRQ ZKLFK FDQ DOVR EH VHHQ IURP7DEOH 7KH ODVW WHQ \HDUV WKH SRSXODWLRQ GHFUHDVHGFRPSDUHGZLWKLQDPDUNHGGHFUHDVHRIUHVLGHQWV7KHVLWXD- WLRQLVVLPLODUWKURXJKRXWWKHUHJLRQVRI6ORYDNLDZKLFKLVVKRZQLQ)LJXUH7KHVDPH UHVXOWVDUHH[SHFWHGLQWKHIRUHFDVWWKDWZDVSUHSDUHGIRUWKHGHPRJUDSKLFIXWXUHRIWKH GLVWULFWV RI 6ORYDNLD KWWS ZZZLQIRVWDWVNYGFSGISURJQR]DSGI 6DLG 'LVWULFW =ODWp0RUDYFHRIRXUFDVHVHOHFWHGIURPKLVPXQLFLSDOLW\LVRQHRIWKHGLVWULFWVLQZKLFK DUHQRWLQWKHIXWXUH SURFHVVLQJXSWRWKH\HDU H[SHFWHGLQFUHDVHRIWKHSRSXODWLRQ 850 800 750 700 – Populacja, tys. 650 600 550 500 Bratislavský Tmavský Trenčiansky Nitrianský Žilinský Bansko- Prešovský Košický bystrický Population, thousands Region of Slovakia – Kraje Słowacji 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 )LJ 5HJLRQVLQ6ORYDNLDSRSXODWLRQGHYHORSPHQWLQODVW\HDUV LQWKRXVDQGV 5\V5R]ZyMPLHV]NDĔFyZSU]H]RVWDWQLHODW±UHJLRQ6áRZDFMD ZW\V ,Q WHUPV RI ODQG XVH LQ FDWFKPHQW 'UHYHQLFD VXEEDVLQ LQ WKH GLVWULFW RI =ODWp Moravce) dominated by agricultural land, particularly of the total area of NP, WKH SHUFHQWDJH RI PXQLFLSDOLWLHV %XLOWXS DUHD FRPPXQLWLHV DUH ZLWK JDUGHQVDQGDUDEOHODQGDQGSHUPDQHQWJUDVVODQG )RUHVWODQGVDUHRQO\LQWZR FRPPXQLWLHVLH.RVWRĐDQ\XQGHU7UtEHþDQG/DGLFHRIWKHWRWDODUHDVWXGLHGPXQLFLSD- OLWLHVZLWK In the ýHUHãĖRYê Creek basin, the total area of settlements is NP6LQFHWKH YLOODJH&KRþDZHGRQWREWDLQHGGDWDRQWKHDFUHDJHRIODQGW\SHVWKHSHUFHQWDJHRIODQG XVHZDVHYDOXDWHGRQO\LQWKHUHPDLQLQJWKUHHYLOODJHV6ĐDåDQ\DQGWKH6OHSþDQ\9HOþLFH /LNH'UHYHQLFDEDVLQGRPLQDWHGE\DJULFXOWXUDOODQG RIZKLFKWKHDUDEOHODQG JDUGHQV DQG WKH SHUPDQHQW JUDVVODQG LV %XLOWXS DUHD RI the municipality is RIWRWDODUHD)RUHVWODQGVRIWKHYLOODJHVDUHDWRWDORIIRUPRVWRIWKHDUHD PXQLFLSDOLWLHVKDYHIRUHVWODQGLQWKHYLOODJH9HOþLFH Acta Sci. Pol. Acta 12 (3) 2012.indd 46 2014-02-06 13:35:36 (YDOXDWLRQRIVXUIDFHZDWHULQäLWDYDFDWFKPHQW 47 WWTP Construction Termin budowy Termin WWTP WWTP ĞFLHNyZ 3RGáąF]RQH Connection oczyszczalnie àąF]QD sewerage Conection kanalizacja Potok WWTP WWTP ĞFLHNyZ 2F]\V]F]DOQDLD no no 0 0 no no no no 0 0 no no 0 0 yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes Sewerage .DQDOL]DFMD :RGRFLąJLLRF]\V]F]DOQLHĞFLHNyZ ]DFMLZ]OHZQLäLWDYD 'ULQNLQJZDWHUDQGZDVWHZDWHUWUHDWPHQW LQäLWDYDFDWFKPHQW äLWDYDFDWFKPHQW±=OHZQLDäLWDYD VXSSOLHG Z\SRVDĪHQLD 'UHYHQLFDFDWFKPHQW±=OHZQLD'UHYHQLFD ýHUHãĖRYê&UHHNFDWFKPQHQW±=OHZQLDýHUHãĖRYê no 0 yes yes no 0 no no 0 0 nono 0 0 no no no no 0 0 0 0 yes yes yes no in construction 0 0 yes yesyes yes yes yes yes yes yes :RGRFLąJL Water supply Water 1 011 yes /XGQRĞü Population ]OHZQLĊäLWDYD Villages forming Villages FDWFKPHQWäLWDYD 0LHMVFRZRĞFLWZRU]ąFH 9LHVNDQDGäLWDYRX=ODWp0RUDYFHäLWDYDQ\ 6OHSþDQ\9HOþLFH -HGĐRYp.RVWRĐDQ\ 6ĐDåDQ\2E\FH 7HViUVNH0O\ĖDQ\ .RVWRĐDQ\SRG7UtEHþRP/DGLFH Neverice Machulince &KRþD Beladice 7DEHOD,ORĞüPLHV]NDĔFyZSU]\áąF]RQ\FKGRZRGRFLąJXLNDQDOL 7DEOH &RQQHFWLRQRILQKDELWDQWVWRZDWHUVXSSO\DQGVHZHUV yes – tak, no nie, in construction w budowie Formatio Circumiectus 12 (3) 2013 Acta 12 (3) 2012.indd 47 2014-02-06 13:35:36 48 D. Húska, K. Krupová, P. Halaj, K. Mandalová 7KHVXEEDVLQäLWDYDZHHYDOXDWHGDWRWDOVL[PXQLFLSDOLWLHVDQGWKHRQHFLW\7KH WRWDODUHDLV NP$JDLQKHUHWKHSUHGRPLQDQWDJULFXOWXUDOODQGQDPHO\ but compared with the previous representation of the catchment forest land is almost FRPSDUDEOHZLWKDJULFXOWXUDOODQG %XLOWXSDUHDPXQLFLSDOLWLHVDWRWDODUHDRI DQGWKHDUDEOHODQGJDUGHQVDQGWKHSHUPDQHQWJUDVVODQGWRJHWKHU 'RPLQDQWLQÀXHQFHRQZDWHUTXDOLW\LQVWUHDPVLWLVIRUDJULFXOWXUDODFWLYLW\,QWKUHH VXEFDWFKPHQWVDQDUHDRIDJULFXOWXUDOODQGLVRIWKHWRWDODUHD$QRWKHULPSRUWDQW LQÀXHQFHRQZDWHUTXDOLW\LQVWUHDPRXWVLGHRIDJULFXOWXUHZDVWHZDWHUSURGXFHGLQWKH VHWWOHPHQWV6WDWXVRIWKHSRSXODWLRQZLWKGULQNLQJZDWHUVXSSO\DQGWKHDEVWUDFWLRQDQG WKHZDVWHZDWHUWUHDWPHQWVKRZVWKH7DEOH The situation of the population drinking water supply and the drainage and waste- ZDWHU WUHDWPHQW LQ VXEFDWFKPHQWV DUH VLPLODU WR WKRVH LQ 6ORYDNLD7KH GHYHORSPHQW RIVHZHUDJHDQGVHZDJHWUHDWPHQWSODQWVODJVEHKLQGWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIZDWHUVXSSO\ 2QO\LQYLOODJHVDQG&KRþDDQG Beladice we noted that the majority of the population is connected to a sewerage network and the wastewater treatment, and the less to drinking ZDWHUIURPSXEOLFZDWHUVXSSO\ In the basin Drevenica from four municipalities have only one community WWTP, DQGLQWKUHHYLOODJHVLVQRWEXLOWSXEOLFZDWHUVXSSO\.RVWRĐDQ\XQGHU7UtEHþ/DGLFHDQG 1HYHULFHVKDOOEHOLQNHGRQWKH=ODWp0RUDYFHJURXSZDWHUVXSSO\ 9UáEOH Jedl’ové Kostol’any Velč ice Kostol’any pod Tríbeč om Obyce Machulince Ladice Sl’až any Zlaté Žitavany Beladice Moravce Choča Tesá rske Neverice Mlyň any Vieska nad Žitavou Slepčany Sub-catchments – Zlewnie Čerešňový Creek Žitava Drevenice )LJ 6HOHFWHGVXEFDWFKPHQWV 'UHYHQLFD&HUHãĖRYê&UHHNDQGäLWDYD 5\V:\EUDQH]OHZQLH 'UHYHQLFD&HUHãĖRYê3RWRNLäLWDYD Acta Sci. Pol. Acta 12 (3) 2012.indd 48 2014-02-06 13:35:36 (YDOXDWLRQRIVXUIDFHZDWHULQäLWDYDFDWFKPHQW 49 In the ýHUHãĖRYê Creek basin of four villages are built in three wastewater treatment SODQW,QWKHYLOODJH9HOþLFHLVQRSXEOLFZDWHUVXSSO\GDWDRQWKHSHUFHQWDJHRISRSXOD- WLRQVXSSOLHGZLWKGULQNLQJZDWHUIURPPXQLFLSDOLW\6ĐDåDQ\ZHGRQRWKDYHDYDLODEOH ZHZHUHRQO\JLYHQLQIRUPDWLRQRQZDWHUFRQVXPSWLRQ ,QäLWDYDEDVLQVDUHLQWKUHHYLOODJHV RQHFLW\ EXLOWVHZDJHWUHDWPHQWSODQWV5HVLGHQWV LQYLOODJHVLQWKHEDVLQRIäLWDYD GLVWULFW=ODWp0RUDYFH DUHVXSSOLHGZLWKGULQNLQJZDWHU IURPSXEOLFZDWHUVXSSO\/LNHýHUHãĖRYê&UHHNEDVLQLQWKHYLOODJHäLWDYDQ\ZHKDYHD ¿JXUHRQO\WKHFRQVXPSWLRQRIZDWHUQRWDSHUFHQWDJHRIWKHSRSXODWLRQVXSSOLHG'HWDLOV RQ=ODWp0RUDYFHQRWJLYHQDVLQRXUSDSHUZHDUHGHDOLQJZLWKPXQLFLSDOLWLHVWR WKHSRSXODWLRQ In addition to traditional municipal mechanical-biological wastewater treatment SHRSOHFDQXVHDKRPHZDVWHZDWHUWUHDWPHQWSODQW+HUHEXWQRZIDFHDSUREOHPLQWKH Slovak legislation, and that waste water discharged from a house cleaning must meet the limit values of pollution rather than by the population connected to it, but the municipal VL]HFDWHJRU\ZKHUHLWLVORFDWHG7KHUHIRUHWKHYHU\GLVWULFWRI¿FHSHRSOHVXFKYDULDQWRI ZDVWHZDWHUWUHDWPHQWLVQRWUHFRPPHQGHG0DUNLQJVHOHFWHGFDGDVWUDOPXQLFLSDOLWLHVLQ äLWDYDUHJLRQLVLOOXVWUDWHGLQ)LJXUH An important element in determining the recipients of sewage pollutionis the FRQVXPSWLRQRIZDWHULQWKHYLOODJHDQGLWVGHYHORSPHQW7KHUHIRUHWKHODVWSDUWRIWKH FRQWULEXWLRQZHGHYRWHZDWHUFRQVXPSWLRQLQWKHYLOODJHVIRUWKHODVWVL[\HDUV 7DEOH 7DEOH :DWHUFRQVXPSWLRQLQYLOODJHV 7DEHOD=XĪ\FLHZRG\ZPLHMVFRZRĞFLDFK Water consumption in villages, thousand · m3 · year–1 · community–1 =XĪ\FLHZRG\QDZVLW\VP3 · rok–1āZVSyOQRWĊ–1 SHUFDSLWDāOGD\–1 average QDPLHV]NDĔFDQD ĞUHGQLD MHGHQG]LHĔ 'UHYHQLFDFDWFKPHQW±=OHZQLD'UHYHQLFD Beladice 33 31 ýHUHãĖRYê&UHHNFDWFKPHQW±=OHZQLDýHUHãĖRYê3RWRN &KRþD 6ĐDåDQ\ 10 13 6OHSþDQ\ 10 10 11 10 11 11 äLWDYDFDWFKPHQW±=OHZQLDäLWDYD -HGĐRYp.RVWRĐDQ\ Machulince 2E\FH 7HViUVNH0O\ĖDQ\ 33 31 9LHVNDQDGäLWDYRX =ODWp0RUDYFH äLWDYDQ\ Formatio Circumiectus 12 (3) 2013 Acta 12 (3) 2012.indd 49 2014-02-06 13:35:36 50 D. Húska, K. Krupová, P. Halaj, K. Mandalová $YHUDJH ZDWHU FRQVXPSWLRQ LQ VXEFDWFKPHQWV IRU WKH SHULRG LV WKRXVDQG m3 · rok–1 · community–1ZKLFKUHSUHVHQWV RIVXSSOLHGLQKDELWDQWVLQWKHYLOODJHV This low consumption of water in some villages even below the minimum hygiene, FDQEHFDXVHGE\DQXPEHURIKRXVHVKDYHWKHLURZQZHOOV'XULQJWKHSHULRGRIZDWHU FRQVXPSWLRQLQWKHYLOODJHVLQWKHWKUHHVXEFDWFKPHQWVE\KDVULVHQRQDYHUDJH WKHDYHUDJHZDWHUFRQVXPSWLRQRIOLWHUVSHUFDSLWDGD\–1 7KLVZDVIROORZHGE\D VOLJKWGHFUHDVHE\ DYHUDJHFRQVXPSWLRQRIOLWHUVSHUFDSLWD· day–1 DQG ZDWHUFRQVXPSWLRQWRDUDWHRIOLWHUVāGD\–1 DISCUSSION The nature and structure of the country have an important impact on the quality of VXUIDFHZDWHULQULYHUVDWWKHEDVLQOHYHO>*HUJHOHWDO@/DQGXVHVWRDJULFXOWXUHDQG urban settlements, as well as coastal areas and forests are key sources of surface water SROOXWLRQ >0RUHQR0DWHRV HW DO @$W ZKDW VKRZ DQG RXU ¿QGLQJV LQ WKLV SDSHU Protection of water courses is primarily aimed at ensuring the required water quality GLVFKDUJHIURPVHZDJHWUHDWPHQWSODQWV7\SLFDOO\IRUPHUO\NQRZQVLJQVRIVHZDJHLQ ULYHUVLQ(XURSHDQSURSRUWLRQVZHUHFOHDQLQJLQPHFKDQLFDOELRORJLFDOVHZDJHWUHDWPHQW plants virtually eliminated [.UHMþtDQG+ODYtQHN@([WHQWLQÀXHQFHGE\WKHÀRZRI ZDVWHZDWHUÀRZLVHQKDQFHGLQWKHÀRZRIWUHDWHGZDWHUZHDWKHUFRQGLWLRQVWKHQDWXUH RIWKHÀRZ QDWXUDOÀRZDUWL¿FLDOFRQFUHWHGULYHUEHGWKHSUHVHQFHRIFDVFDGHV DQGWKH OLNH>0OHMQVNiHWDO @ Nutrients with organic substances discharged into surface waters are causing the risk RIQRWDFKLHYLQJWKHREMHFWLYHVRIWKH:DWHU)UDPHZRUN'LUHFWLYHLQWRRI ZDWHUERGLHVRIWKH65>ýHUHãĖiNDQG%XMQRYi@'UHYHQLFDDQGýHUHãĖRYê Creek DUHLQWKHZDWHUSODQIRU6ORYDNLDDVÀRZVLQZKLFKWKHWHUPRIDFKLHYLQJDWOHDVWDVHFRQG FODVVRIHQYLURQPHQWDOTXDOLW\SRVWSRQHGXQWLO2QHUHDVRQIRUWKHIDLOXUHWRDFKLHYH JRRGHFRORJLFDOVWDWXVDUHMXVWQRWEXLOWXSVHZDJHWUHDWPHQWSODQWV 7KH¿HOGVXUYH\VXEFDWFKPHQWVZHQRWLFHGWKDWVRPHÀRZVDUHVLJQL¿FDQWO\FKDQJ- ing the view, the water quality deteriorates (turbidity, vegetation change, the recovery RIÀRZHWF 7KHZRRGHQFRWWDJHDQGFKHUU\FUHHN VPDOOWULEXWDULHVäLWDYD IURPWKH VRXUFHÀRZLVQHJDWLYHO\DIIHFWHGE\WKHHQYLURQPHQWWKURXJKZKLFKÀRZV$JULFXOWXUDO DFWLYLW\ UHÀHFWHG EDGO\ RQ WKH TXDOLW\ RI ZDWHU DW WKH WLPH RI IHUWLOL]DWLRQ DQG WLOODJH PDFKLQHVQHDUWKHVWUHDPPXQLFLSDOLW\ZLOODIIHFWWKHZDWHUTXDOLW\RIWKHLUZDVWHZDWHU Many municipalities have built sewage waste water discharge of black discharges, which LPSDLUWKHTXDOLW\RIZDWHULQWKHVWUHDP7KHUHIRUHWKHFRQVHTXHQFHVRIKXPDQDFWLYLWLHV WKDWUHÀHFWWKHTXDOLW\DQGTXDQWLW\RIZDWHUÀRZVUHTXLUHPXWXDOUHVSHFWLQWKHWRSXVHUV UHVSHFWLYHO\ORZHUSDUWVRIWKHÀRZ([FHVVLYHZDWHUDEVWUDFWLRQRUSROOXWLRQLQWHQVLYHRQ top of the stream water users can be on the bottom of the stream to prepare for their legiti- PDWHULJKWWRXVHZDWHUÀRZ>,QWHJUDWHGSURWHFWLRQ@(JLQWKHEDVLQZHREVHUYHG H[WHQVLYH'UHYHQLFDÀRZUHFRYHU\EXWRQO\LQWKDWSODFHXQWLOWKH\UHDFKWKHYLFLQLW\RI YLOODJHVZKLFKÀRZVWKURXJK7KHUHLVDYLVXDOFKDQJH WXUELGLW\RGRUDQGIRDPOHYHOV ULSDULDQYHJHWDWLRQKDVFKDQJHGDQGWKDWLWKDVDKLJKHUQXWULHQWFRQWHQWLQZDWHU Acta Sci. Pol. Acta 12 (3) 2012.indd 50 2014-02-06 13:35:36 (YDOXDWLRQRIVXUIDFHZDWHULQäLWDYDFDWFKPHQW 51 CONCLUSION In conclusion we can say that in the study area (sub-catchments Drevenica, ýHUHãĖRYê &UHHNDQGäLWDYD ZHKDYHVHHQDVLPLODUWUHQGDVLQ6ORYDNLD1RWPHHWH[SHFWDWLRQV UHJDUGLQJ WKH H[SHFWHG FRQVXPSWLRQ RI GULQNLQJ ZDWHU DQG VXEVHTXHQW ZDVWHZDWHU SURGXFWLRQLQYLHZRIGHPRJUDSKLFGHYHORSPHQWVLQWKHEDVLQRIäLWDYD GLVWULFW=ODWp 0RUDYFH DQGLWVWULEXWDULHV'UHYHQLFDDýHUHãĖRYêFUHHN7KHUHLVQRDSSDUHQWLQFUHDVH in the population, even the mere consumption of water in the villages below the minimum K\JLHQH OLWHUVSHUFDSLWDāGD\–1 DQGWKHUHIRUHLVQRWH[SHFWHGWRLQFUHDVHWKHDPRXQW RIZDVWHZDWHU:DVWHZDWHUFRQWDLQLQJDFOHDQLQJDIWHUPDQ\VXEVWDQFHVWKDWDIIHFWZDWHU quality in stream, but the situation in the area of drainage and wastewater treatment in WKHVWXG\DUHDDWDVXI¿FLHQWOHYHO,WLVWKHUHIRUHH[SHFWHGWKDWWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQRIDGGL- WLRQDOPXQLFLSDOZDVWHZDWHU DVVXPLQJWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIWKH\HDUUHVSHFWLYHO\ ZDWHUTXDOLW\ZLOOQRWGHWHULRUDWHLQWKHÀRZ7KHELJJHVWLPSDFWWRZDVWHZDWHU ZKHQWKHÀRZLVHTXDOWRWKHÀRZLQ4 WZRSHULRGVGXULQJWKH\HDULHWKHVXPPHU PRQWKVDQGHDUO\ 7KHDFWXDOTXDOLW\RIZDWHULQWKHVXEEDVLQäLWDYDGHSHQGVRQQDWXUDO SROOXWLRQDQGSROOXWLRQWKDWJHWVLQWRWKHÀRZRIKXPDQLPSDFW7KHSURSHUPDQDJHPHQW of land treatment of sewage and suitable industrial activity can keep the quality of a good TXDOLW\OHYHORUHYHQZHFDQLQÀXHQFHLQDSRVLWLYHGLUHFWLRQ REFERENCES ýHUHãĖiN'%XMQRYi$6~þDVQêVWDYVWUDWpJLHYRGYiG]D'%XMQRYi$6~þDVQêVWDYVWUDWpJLHYRGYiG]DQtDþLVQtDþLVWHQtNRPXQiOQ\FKRGSDWHQtNRPXQiOQ\FKRGSD- GRYêFKY{G65>,Q @5HNRQãWUXNFLHVWRNRYêFKVLHWtDþLVWLDUQtRGSDGRYêFKY{G9êVNXPQê ~VWDYYRGQpKRKRVSRGiUVWYD%UDWLVODYD± *HUJHO6(7XUQHU0*0LOOHU-50HODFN-06WDQOH\(+/DQGVFDSHLQGLFDWRUVRI KXPDQLPSDFWVWRULYHUWLQHV\VWHPV$TXDW6FL± &KULVWHQVHQ - /HJLVODWtYD SUH XGUåDWHĐQ~ VDQLWiFLX Y (Ò >,Q @ 8GUåDWHĐQi VDQLWiFLD Y NUDMLQiFKVWUHGQHMDYêFKRGQHM(XUyS\±Y~VWUHW\SRWUHEiPPDOêFKDVWUHGQêFKVtGLHO*OREDO :DWHU3DUWQHUVKLS&HQWUDODQG(DVWHUQ(XURSH%UDWLVODYD± ,QWHJUDWHGSURWHFWLRQDQGXWLOL]DWLRQRIZDWHUUHVRXUFHV7$&%DFNJURXQG3DSHUV*OREDO :DWHU3DUWQHUVKLS±0LQLVWU\RI$JULFXOWXUH6WRFNKROP .DWDVWHUSRUWiOKWWSV ZZZNDWDVWHUSRUWDOVNNDSRUXKGS)RUP,QLWGR> @ .UHMþt9+ODYtQHN36SRWĜHEDYRG\DSURGXNFHRGSDGQtF6SRWĜHEDYRG\DSURGXNFHRGSDGQtFKYRG>,Q @2GYRGQČQtXUEDQL]KYRG>,Q @2GYRGQČQtXUEDQL]RR- YDQêFK~]HPt±NRQFHSþQtSĜtVWXS12(/%UQR ± .UXSRYi.0RGHORYpULHãHQLHWHFKQROyJLHSUHþLVWHQLHRGSDGRYêFKY{GYREFLDFKGR RE\YDWHĐRY'L]HUWDþQiSUiFD6ORYHQVNiSRĐQRKRVSRGiUVNDXQLYHU]LWD1LWUD LQSURJUHVV ďXERã - 0HGRYLþRYi 0 3DOãRYi / .UDMLQQp LQåLQLHUVWYRD SUiYR OHJLVODWtYDRFKUDQ\ åLYRWQpKRSURVWUHGLDHG6ORYHQVNiSRĐQRKRVSRGiUVNDXQLYHU]LWD1LWUDSS ďXERã-0DW\R-9RGQpVWDYE\6ORYHQVNiSRĐQRKRVSRGiUVNDXQLYHU]LWD1LWUDSS 0OHMQVNi(5R]NRãQê0%DXGLãRYi'9iĖD0:DQQHU).XþHUD- ([WHQ]LYQt]SĤVRE\ þLãWČQtRGSDGQtFKYRG9ê]NXPQê~VWDYYRGRKRVSRGiĜVNê7*0DVDU\ND3UDKDSS 0RUHQR0DWHRV ' 0DQGHU 8 &RPLQ )$ 3HGURFFKL & 8XHPDD ( 5HODWLRQVKLSV between landscape pattern, wetland characteristics and water quality in Agricultural catch- PHQWV-(QYLURQ4XDO± 6SUiYD R YRGQRP KRVSRGiUVWYH Y 6ORYHQVNHM UHSXEOLNH Y URNX 9êVNXPQê ~VWDY YRGQpKRKRVSRGiUVWYD%UDWLVODYDSS Accepted for print – Zaakceptowano do druku: 12.12.2013 Formatio Circumiectus 12 (3) 2013 Acta 12 (3) 2012.indd 51 2014-02-06 13:35:36