Acta Sci. Pol., Formatio Circumiectus 12 (3) 2013, 41–51 (9$/8$7,212)685)$&(:$7(5,1ä,7$9$ CATCHMENT UNDER THE ASPECT OF ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT OCENA WODY POWIERZCHNIOWEJ W ZLEWNI ä,7$9$:.217(.ĝ&,(2''=,$à<:$1,$ ANTROPOGENICZNEGO 'XãDQ+~VND.DWDUtQD.UXSRYi3HWHU+DODM .ULVWtQD0DQGDORYi** Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra Abstract. :DWHUTXDOLW\LQVWUHDPVSULPDULO\DIIHFWVKXPDQ$UHFHQWDVVHVVPHQWRIWKH characteristics of environmental indicators in the three sub-catchments basins Drevenica, ýHUHãĖRYê&UHHNDQGäLWDYD 'LVWULFW=ODWp0RUDYFH ZHVKRZHGWKLVHIIHFW7KHVL[WHHQ YLOODJHVLQWKHVXEFDWFKPHQWVGRQRWH[SHFWDQLQFUHDVHLQGHPRJUDSKLFWUHQGVHYHQDGH- FUHDVHLQSRSXODWLRQFRPSDUHGWR\HDUWRSHRSOH,QWHUPVRIZDWHUFRQVXPSWLRQ LQWKHYLOODJHVZHKDYHVHHQWKDWWKHFRQVXPSWLRQLVHYHQVPDOOHUWKDQWKHVSHFL¿HGPLQL- PXPK\JLHQH)RXUPXQLFLSDOLWLHVKDYHQ¶WRZQSXEOLFZDWHUDUHFRQQHFWHGWRJURXSZDWHU FRQGXLW=ODWp0RUDYFH$YHUDJHZDWHUFRQVXPSWLRQLQZDVOLWHUVāV–1 · day–1 7KHUHPRYDODQGWUHDWPHQWRIZDVWHZDWHUVLWXDWLRQLVGLIIHUHQWLQHDFKVXEFDWFKPHQWV,Q the sub catchments Drevenica one of four communities has built a wastewater treatment SODQWWKHýHUHãĖRYê&UHHNIURPIRXUPXQLFLSDOLWLHVWKUHHZLWKWUHDWPHQWSODQW,QäLWDYD basins of the seven municipalities have three community wastewater treatment plants, one LVXQGHUFRQVWUXFWLRQDQGRQHLVFRQQHFWHGWRWKHH[LVWLQJVHZHUDJHWUHDWPHQWSODQW6WDWXV RIZDWHUTXDOLW\LQULYHUEDVLQVDOVRDIIHFWVQRQSRLQWVRXUFHVRISROOXWLRQ7KHODUJHVWSHU- FHQWDJHRIDFUHDJHLQWKHYLOODJHVLVFXUUHQWO\DJULFXOWXUDOODQG,QWKH'UHYHQLFDEDVLQLV DJULFXOWXUDOODQGLQWKHýHUHãĖRYê&UHHNEDVLQDQGäLWDYDEDVLQV &RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRUV±$GUHVGRNRUHVSRQGHQFMLSURILQJ'XãDQ+~VND3K''HSDUWPHQWRI 3XEOLF$GPLQLVWUDWLRQ6ORYDN8QLYHUVLW\RI$JULFXOWXUH7U$+OLQNX1LWUD6ORYDN 5HSXELN LQJ .DWDUtQD .UXSRYi 3K' 'HSDUWPHQW RI /DQGVFDSH (QJLQHHULQJ )DFXOW\ RI +RUWLFXOWXUHDQG/DQGVFDSH(QJLQHHULQJ6ORYDN8QLYHUVLW\RI$JULFXOWXUH+RVSRGDUVND 1LWUD 6ORYDN 5HSXEOLN HPDLO GXVDQKXVND#XQLDJVN, NDWDULQDNUXSRYD#FHQWUXPVN, SHWHU halaj@JPDLOFRP, NULVWLQDPDQGDORYD#XQLDJVN 7KHDUWLFOHZDVFUHDWHGZLWKWKH¿QDQFLDOVXSSRUWRI*UDQW$JHQF\9(*$$QWKURSRJHQLF impacts on production and quality of surface runoff from small watersheds in terms of climate FKDQJHDQG&UHDWLRQRIVXUIDFHRXWÀRZIURPVPDOOFDWFKPHQWVXQGHUFOLPDWHFKDQJH Acta 12 (3) 2012.indd 41 2014-02-06 13:35:35 42 D. Húska, K. Krupová, P. Halaj, K. Mandalová Streszczenie.-DNRĞüZRG\ZEDGDQ\FKSRWRNDFKPDGXĪH]QDF]HQLDGODOXG]L]DPLHV] NXMąF\FKGDQHWHUHQ\3U]HSURZDG]RQRRFHQĊZáDĞFLZRĞFLZVNDĨQLNyZĞURGRZLVNRZ\FK ZWU]HFK]OHZQLDFKGRU]HF]\'UHYHQLFDýHUHãĖRYê3RWRNLäLWDY\ UHJLRQ=ODWp0RUDYFH : V]HVQDVWX ZLRVNDFK Z ]OHZQLDFK F]ąVWNRZ\FK QLH SU]HZLGXMH VLĊ Z]URVWX WHQGHQFML GHPRJUD¿F]Q\FKDQDZHW]DQRWRZDQRVSDGHNOXGQRĞFLRRVyEZSRUyZQDQLX]URNLHP 3RG Z]JOĊGHP SRERUX ZRG\ Z EDGDQ\FK PLHMVFRZRĞFLDFK ]DREVHUZRZDQR ĪH ]XĪ\FLHZRG\MHVWQDZHWSRQLĪHMSR]LRPXZ\PDJDQHJRGRXWU]\PDQLDKLJLHQ\PLQLPDO QHM&]WHU\JPLQ\QLHPDMąSXEOLF]QHJRGRVWĊSXGRZRG\DOHVąSRGáąF]RQHGRJUXSRZHJR ]DRSDWU]HQLD Z ZRGĊ =ODWp 0RUDYFH ĝUHGQLH ]XĪ\FLH ZRG\ Z URNX Z\QLRVáR GP3 · s–1āG]LHĔ–16SRVRE\RF]\V]F]DQLDĞFLHNyZZDQDOL]RZDQ\FK]OHZQLDFKVą ]UyĪQLFRZDQH : ]OHZQL 'UHYHQLFD MHGQD ] F]WHUHFK JPLQ Z\EXGRZDáD RF]\V]F]DOQLĊ ĞFLHNyZ]OHZQLDýHUHãĖRYê3RWRNSRVLDGDWU]\RF]\V]F]DOQLHQDF]WHU\JPLQ\:GRU]HF]X äLWDY\QDVLHGHPJPLQLVWQLHMąWU]\RF]\V]F]DOQLHĞFLHNyZMHGQDMHVWZWUDNFLHEXGRZ\ D SR]RVWDáH Vą SRGáąF]RQH GR LVWQLHMąFHM VLHFL NDQDOL]DF\MQHM 1D VWDQ MDNRĞFL ZRG\ Z GRU]HF]DFK PDMą UyZQLHĪ ZSá\Z QLHSXQNWRZH ĨUyGáD ]DQLHF]\V]F]HĔ 1DMZLĊNV]\ RGVHWHN Z XĪ\WNRZDQLX L SRNU\FLX WHUHQX SU]\SDGD QD JUXQW\ UROQH NWyUH Z GRU]HF]X 'UHYHQLF\VWDQRZLąZýHUHãĖRY\P3RWRNXDZ]OHZQL äLWDY\ .H\ZRUGV=ODWp0RUDYFHGHPRJUDSKLFVÀRRGVXUIDFHZDWHUVXUIDFHZDWHUTXDOLW\ 6áRZD NOXF]RZH =ODWp 0RUDYFH GHPRJUD¿D SRZyGĨ ZRGD SRZLHU]FKQLRZD MDNRĞü wody powierzchniowej INTRODUCTION 6XUIDFHZDWHUTXDOLW\LVFOHDUO\GHSHQGHQWRQVSHFL¿FODQGXVHSODQV7KH(XURSHDQ Union attaches great importance to restore the state of environmental quality, as evidenced by the adoption of a considerable number of framework directives based on the quality RIWKHHQYLURQPHQW'LUHFWLYH(&RIWKH(XURSHDQ3DUOLDPHQWDQG&RXQFLO WKH :DWHU)UDPHZRUN'LUHFWLYH ZKLFKHQWHUHGLQWRIRUFHLQ'HFHPEHUGH¿QHVZDWHU as not a normal commercial product, but rather the natural wealth that is inherited and PXVWEHSURWHFWHGGHIHQGHGDQGDFFRUGLQJWRKLPEHKDYH0HPEHU6WDWHVVKDOOHQVXUH by this Directive establish programs for monitoring water status in order to establish DFRKHUHQWDQGFRPSUHKHQVLYHRYHUYLHZRIZDWHUVWDWXVZLWKLQHDFKULYHUEDVLQ6LPLODUO\ WKHFOHDQLQJDQGVHZDJHGLVSRVDOLVDGRSWHG&RXQFLO'LUHFWLYH((&RI0D\ 7KH'LUHFWLYHDGGUHVVHVRQO\DJJORPHUDWLRQVZLWKPRUHWKDQLQKDELWDQWV 7KHH[FHSWLRQLV$UWLFOHZKLFKGHDOVZLWKVPDOODJJORPHUDWLRQVZLWKFROOHFWLQJV\VWHP Cleaning in place (in situ) or other alternatives can be used instead collecting system, if WKHHVWDEOLVKPHQWRIDFROOHFWLQJV\VWHPLVQRWUDWLRQDOLWLVHFRQRPLFDOO\GLI¿FXOWDQG ZRXOGEHQH¿WWKHHQYLURQPHQW7KLVLVSUREDEO\WKHFDVHLQPRVWVPDOOVHWWOHPHQWVZLWK OHVVWKDQLQKDELWDQWV>&KULVWHQVHQ@7KHOHJLVODWLRQRQVXUIDFHZDWHUTXDOLW\ LQ6ORYDNLDLVDQHZ*RYHUQPHQW5HJXODWLRQ=RIHVWDEOLVKLQJWKHUHTXLUH- PHQWVIRUDFKLHYLQJJRRGZDWHUVWDWXV>-XUtN@7RTXDOLI\ZKLFKZHUHGH¿QHGE\ DGRSWLQJWKH:DWHU)UDPHZRUN'LUHFWLYH:DWHU3ODQZDVFUHDWHGLQ6ORYDNLDLQ ZDVDSSURYHGE\*RYHUQPHQW'HFUHHDGGLWLRQDOþ=RIRI$XJXVW YDOLGIURP6HSWHPEHU7KLV5HJXODWLRQLVGHFODUHGELQGLQJSDUWRI6ORYDNLD¶V:DWHU 3ODQFRQWDLQVDSURJUDPRIPHDVXUHVWRDFKLHYHHQYLURQPHQWDOREMHFWLYHV7RDFKLHYH good water status, we assure the quality of water falling into at least a second class of Acta Sci. Pol. Acta 12 (3) 2012.indd 42 2014-02-06 13:35:35 (YDOXDWLRQRIVXUIDFHZDWHULQäLWDYDFDWFKPHQW 43 HQYLURQPHQWDOTXDOLW\0DQ\VWUHDPVLQ6ORYDNLDGRHVQތWUHDFKHGWKLVVWDWH DQG technical infeasibility with a combination of economic reasons, the term shifted to the \HDUUHVSHFWLYHO\ -XUtN ([WUDRUGLQDU\LQÀXHQFHRQWKHTXDOLW\RIVXUIDFHZDWHULVDKXPDQSRSXODWLRQOLYLQJ in concrete basins and especially its water supply with discharge and handling of house- KROGZDWHU&XUUHQWO\LQWKH6ORYDN5HSXEOLFWKHGHYHORSPHQWRISXEOLFVHZHUDJHV\VWHP ODJVEHKLQGWKHGHYHORSPHQWRISXEOLFZDWHUVXSSO\<HWWKHVLWXDWLRQLVOHVVIDYRUDEOHIRU DEVWUDFWLRQDQGZDVWHZDWHUWUHDWPHQW,QERWKFDVHVWKHGHFLVLYHIDFWRULQVHFXULQJIXQGV 5HSRUWRQ:DWHU0DQDJHPHQWLQWKH6ORYDN5HSXEOLFLQ ,QWKHVLWXDWLRQ LQWKHGHYHORSPHQWRISXEOLFVHZHUDJHLPSURYHGVOLJKWO\QDPHO\RIWKHSRSXODWLRQ RIWKHWRWDOSRSXODWLRQZHUHFRQQHFWHGWRSXEOLFVHZHU&RQWUDVWSXEOLFZDWHUZDVVXSSOLHG LQRIWKHSRSXODWLRQZLWKGULQNLQJZDWHU'XHWRWKH(XURSHDQ'LUHFWLYHRQ the quality of surface waters, we show in 3 sub-catchments, what was the human impact RQZDWHUTXDOLW\LQFDWFKPHQWVLQWKHODVWWK\HDUV:HHYDOXDWHWKHVXSSO\UHVLGHQWV ZLWKGULQNLQJZDWHUFRQQHFWLQJUHVLGHQWVWRSXEOLFVHZHUVDQGZDVWHZDWHUWUHDWPHQWSODQW At the same time point out the use of land resources (forests, arable land, meadows and SDVWXUHVJDUGHQV DQGLWVLPSDFWRQZDWHUTXDOLW\LQVHOHFWHGVXEFDWFKPHQWV MATERIALS AND METHODS $VVHVVHGDUHDIDOOVZLWKLQWKHWHUULWRULDOXQLWRIWKHGLVWULFWGHPDUFDWLRQ=ODWp0RUDYFH Within the boundaries of the district will focus only on 3 sub-catchments own basin and VWUHDPÀRZVäLWDYDDQGVXEFDWFKPHQWV'UHYHQLFDDQGýHUHãĖRYê&UHHN'DWDRQVHWWOH- ments, percentage of drinking water for residents and connectivity sewer network and wastewater treatment plant were processed on the development plans of public water and VHZHU 5HJLRQDO(QYLURQPHQWDO2I¿FH1LWUD 'HPRJUDSKLFWUHQGVLQWKHSRSXODWLRQRI WKHYLOODJHVZHKDYHLGHQWL¿HGIRUXUEDQDQGFRPPXQLW\ZHEVLWHV:DWHUFRQVXPSWLRQ LQWKHYLOODJHVLQWKHSHULRG±ZHUHYLHZHGWKHGDWDSURYLGHGRI:HVW6ORYDNLD :DWHU&RPSDQ\ ,QF 1LWUD 0XQLFLSDOLWLHV ZKHUH WKH ZDVWHZDWHU WUHDWPHQW SODQW ZDV built, we sent a questionnaire about the construction, suppliers and operators of waste- ZDWHUWUHDWPHQW0XQLFLSDOLWLHVLQWKHGLVWULFWVKRZLQJWKHSRVLWLRQRIWKHRULJLQDWRURI DGRFXPHQWLQ)LJXUH Demographic trends in the population of villages in the sub-catchments is elaborated LQ7DEOH Description of areas with the characteristics of farming and land use in each sub- FDWFKPHQWLVGRFXPHQWHGLQ7DEOH7KHZDWHUFDWFKPHQW'UHYHQLFDZHZDWFKHGPXQLF- LSDOLW\IDOOLQJXQGHUWKHGLVWULFW=ODWp0RUDYFH%HODGLFH.RVWRĐDQ\XQGHU7UtEHþ/DGLFH DQG1HYHULFH6LPLODUO\LQWKHVXEEDVLQRIäitava, we evaluated the villages belonging to WKHGLVWULFW=ODWp0RUDYFH±-HGĐRYp.RVWRĐDQ\0DFKXOLQFH2E\FH7HViUVNH0O\ĖDQ\ DQG9LHVNDRYHUäLWDYD=ODWp0RUDYFHDQGäLWDYDQ\2XUFRQWULEXWLRQLVUHODWHGWRRQO\ village located just near the stream, we have not dealt with the municipalities located on WULEXWDULHV$OWKRXJKDVLJQL¿FDQWLPSDFWRQZDWHUTXDOLW\LQäLWDYDFDQKDYHLWVWULEXWD ULHV,QWKHýHUHãĖRYê&UHHNEDVLQZDVHYDOXDWHGFRPPXQLW\&KRþD6ĐDåDQ\6OHSþDQ\ DQG9HOþLFH Formatio Circumiectus 12 (3) 2013 Acta 12 (3) 2012.indd 43 2014-02-06 13:35:35 44 D. Húska, K. Krupová, P. Halaj, K. Mandalová N Skýcov 1 : 250 000 Zlatno Stra Jedľové Kosteľany ň ka Jarky Čš ere s š ň Lovce ovy potok Leve otok Bolkov p Hostie Zikava ky Mankovce ns Kostoľany pod Tribečom Obyce Hosťovce Hostia Velčice Topoľčianky Ladice Martin nad Žitavou Machulince itava Žitavany Čý Pe Ž aradick potok ls Sľažy ů ý ok Neverice Zlaté Moravce ekovs potok Drevenica T Choča Bo ovkaČaradice č iro na Tekovské Nemce Šđ Beladice Tesárske Mlyňany Volkovce Veľké Vozokany Slećany Malé Vozokany Rohožnicky potok Červený Hrádok Nemčiňany Nevidzany )LJ äLWDYDFDWFKPHQWZLWKZDWHUERGLHV 5\V =OHZQLDäLWDYD 7DEOH 3RSXODWLRQGHYHORSPHQWLQäLWDYDFDWFKPHQW 7DEHOD5R]ZyMPLHV]NDĔFyZZ]OHZQLäLWDYD Villages forming Population – Populacja äLWDYDFDWFKPHQW 0LHMVFRZRĞFL Z]OHZQLäLWDYD Beladice &KRþD &KUiãĢDQ\ –– -HGĐRYp.RVWRĐDQ\ 1011 .RVWRĐDQ\SRG7UtEHþRP /DGLFH 1 003 Machulince Neverice 2E\FH 1001 1031 6ĐDåDQ\ 6OHSþDQ\ 7HViUVNH0O\ĖDQ\ 9HOþLFH 9LHVNDQDGäLWDYRX =ODWp0RUDYFH