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Environment, Culture, and Medicinal Plant Knowledge in an Indigenous Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 11-6-2009 Environment, Culture, and Medicinal Plant Knowledge in an Indigenous Amazonian Community Christine Labriola Florida International University, [email protected] DOI: 10.25148/etd.FI09121606 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Labriola, Christine, "Environment, Culture, and Medicinal Plant Knowledge in an Indigenous Amazonian Community" (2009). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 143. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/143 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida ENVIRONMENT, CULTURE, AND MEDICINAL PLANT KNOWLEDGE IN AN INDIGENOUS AMAZONIAN COMMUNITY A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY by Christine Labriola 2009 To: Dean Kenneth Furton College of Arts and Sciences This thesis, written by Christine Labriola, and entitled Environment, Culture, and Medicinal Plant Knowledge in an Indigenous Amazonian Community, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this thesis and recommend that it be approved. _______________________________________ Laura Ogden _______________________________________ William Vickers _______________________________________ Dennis Wiedman, Major Professor Date of Defense: November 6, 2009 The thesis of Christine Labriola is approved. _______________________________________ Dean Kenneth Furton College of Arts and Sciences _______________________________________ Dean George Walker University Graduate School Florida International University, 2009 ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank the members of my committee, Dr. Laura Ogden and Dr. William Vickers, and especially the chair, Dr. Dennis Wiedman, for their academic guidance, patience, and support. I would also like to thank many other professors in the Department of Global and Sociocultural Studies, the Department of Earth and Environment, and the Department of Biological Sciences for providing me with the background in the methodologies, theories, and literatures needed to conduct this study. I would also like to thank the Tinker Foundation for awarding a research grant for the fieldwork, and the Latin American and Caribbean Center for providing this funding opportunity. Thank you also to Project Amazonas for their important role in arranging fieldwork, and most of all I thank the community of Comandancia for their participation, generosity in sharing their knowledge, and inspiration. iii ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS ENVIRONMENT, CULTURE, AND MEDICINAL PLANT KNOWLEDGE IN AN INDIGENOUS AMAZONIAN COMMUNITY by Christine Labriola Florida International University, 2009 Miami, Florida Professor Dennis Wiedman, Major Professor Diminishing cultural and biological diversity is a current global crisis. Tropical forests and indigenous peoples are adversely affected by social and environmental changes caused by global political and economic systems. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate environmental and livelihood challenges as well as medicinal plant knowledge in a Yagua village in the Peruvian Amazon. Indigenous peoples’ relationships with the environment is an important topic in environmental anthropology, and traditional botanical knowledge is an integral component of ethnobotany. Political ecology provides a useful theoretical perspective for understanding the economic and political dimensions of environmental and social conditions. This research utilized a variety of ethnographic, ethnobotanical, and community-involved methods. Findings include data and analyses about the community’s culture, subsistence and natural resource needs, organizations and institutions, and medicinal plant use. The conclusion discusses the case study in terms of the disciplinary framework and offers suggestions for research and application. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................... 1 1. Background................................................................................................................ 1 Tropical Forest Cultural and Biological Diversity...................................................... 1 Indigenous People and Environmental Knowledge.................................................... 2 2. The Study: Environment, Culture, and Medicinal Plant Knowledge ........................ 4 Overview and Research Questions ............................................................................. 4 Case Study and Research Expectations ...................................................................... 5 Purpose and Contribution ........................................................................................... 6 II. LITERATURE REVIEW.............................................................................................. 8 Overview..................................................................................................................... 8 1. Environmental Anthropology .................................................................................... 8 The Environment in Anthropology............................................................................. 8 Indigenous People and Biodiversity Conservation................................................... 10 From Local to Global: Indigenous Communities and Natural Resources ................ 17 2. Political Ecology...................................................................................................... 21 Overview and Background ....................................................................................... 21 Theoretical Approach................................................................................................ 23 Methods and Applications ........................................................................................ 26 The Amazon Environment and Indigenous Knowledge........................................... 29 3. Ethnobotany ............................................................................................................. 32 Background, Theory, and Methods........................................................................... 32 Amazon Forest Research .......................................................................................... 36 Traditional Botanical Knowledge and Biocultural Conservation............................. 39 Indigenous Medicinal Plant Knowledge................................................................... 42 4. Yagua Ethnography .................................................................................................. 46 History and Culture................................................................................................... 46 Shamanism, Leadership, and Health......................................................................... 49 Livelihood................................................................................................................. 53 Plant Use ................................................................................................................... 55 Problems and Needs.................................................................................................. 60 III. METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................... 67 1. Research Design........................................................................................................ 67 Overview................................................................................................................... 67 Fieldwork and Research Population ......................................................................... 67 Confidentiality and Benefits to Participants ............................................................. 69 Community Participatory Approaches...................................................................... 70 Limitations, Validity, and Reliability ....................................................................... 72 2. Data Collection ........................................................................................................ 74 Participant-Observation and Interviews.................................................................... 74 v Focus Groups, Meetings, Workshops, and Photographs .......................................... 76 3. Data Analysis............................................................................................................ 77 Primary Data ............................................................................................................. 77 Secondary Data ......................................................................................................... 79 IV. FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS .................................................................................. 80 1. The Yagua Community of Comandancia: Social and Cultural Overview............... 80 Introduction..............................................................................................................
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