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2700512 Burgersboekje Versie 5 Nivo.Indd JAN BURGERS 1895 - 1981 JAN BURGERS 1895 - 1981 Jan Burgers w 1895-1981 Edited by Jan V Sengers and Gijs Ooms Published by J.M. Burgerscentrum Research School for Fluid Mechanics on the occasion of its 25th anniversary J.M. Burgerscentrum Research School for Fluid Mechanics Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft The Netherlands www.jmburgerscentrum.nl Jan Burgers w 1895-1981 FOREWORD I by GertJan van Heijst, Scientific Director J.M. Burgerscentrum, Tthe Netherlands, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft This little book about the life and work of J.M. Burgers is issued at the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the J.M. Burgerscentrum (JMBC). To be more precise: at the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the first KNAW recognition that the JMBC received (in 1992). The Dutch research school for fluid mechanics is named after Prof. Johannes (Jan) Martinus Burgers, who was the first professor in fluid mechanics appointed in the Netherlands. He was appointed professor in Delft at the age of 23, actually two months before he received his PhD degree in Physical and Mathematical Sciences from the University of Leiden, where he worked under supervision of Prof. Paul Ehrenfest. During his career, Jan Burgers played an active role, both as an outstanding scientist and as a stimulating driving force behind the international organization of science. Just to illustrate the latter, he was one of the founders of the International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. In fluid dynamics, Jan Burgers was interested in fundamental issues, but also in applied problems. He was internationally highly recognized for his scientific accomplishments, and his name is now directly connected with the Burgers equation, the Burgers vortex, and the Burgers vector, to mention a few. In collaboration with his brother Willy, he worked on rheological problems, and they discovered the so-called screw dislocation in crystalline substances. Jan Burgers w 1895-1981 Jan Burgers kept well-structured and very precise records of all his activities, and his archive of handwritten and typed notes is still present in Delft. Going through these notes one obtains a very clear picture of his well-structured way of working, including his lecturing. In 1955, at the age of 60, Burgers moved to the University of Maryland (USA), where he got appointed as research professor in fluid dynamics, and where he started his second career. In Maryland he remained active for many years. In the early 1990s, the fluid dynamics community in The Netherlands became organized nationally, first in the form of a Delft-based collaboration network, soon followed by a nation-wide organization in the form of a ‘research school’ on fluid dynamics, in which most academic groups working in this area were participating. Apart from providing a network for the various academic groups involved, the research school also estab- lished close links with many industries and technological institutes. It seemed appropriate to name the school after Prof. Jan Burgers, the scientific pioneer in the field, the first professor in fluid dynamics appointed in the Netherlands: the research school was named “J.M. Burgerscen- trum”. In the early years, the JMBC had a modest size, of about 70 PhD students and approximately 14 academic research groups. The first scientific director was one of the founders of the school, Prof. Charles Hoogendoorn. In 1996 he was succeeded by Prof. Gijs Ooms, and under his stimulating leadership the JMBC continued to flourish. After many years of very successful leadership, I took over the position of Gijs Ooms in 2014. Jan Burgers w 1895-1981 In the meantime, the activities and the size of the JMBC had increased steadily: in 2017 the number of PhD students and postdocs participating in the JMBC had grown to a fivefold of the initial number, based in one of the 50 university research groups that constitute the research school. In parallel to the J.M. Burgerscentrum in The Netherlands, the Burgers Program Maryland was founded in 2004 at the University of Maryland (USA), where Jan Burgers worked during his second career. The mission of the Program is to enhance the quality and international visibility of fluid dynamics research and educational programs at the University of Maryland, in partnership with the Burgerscentrum. The board of the Program has been chaired originally by Prof. Jan Sengers, and since 2006 by Prof. Jim Wallace, while Prof. Sengers has continued to serve on the Board as liaison with the JMBC. There have been numerous faculty and student exchanges between the JMBC and the Burgers Program. This book is edited by Profs Jan Sengers (emeritus University of Maryland) and Gijs Ooms (emeritus Delft University of Technology). The book contains a number of papers about Burgers’ work in Delft and in Mary- land, some being autobiographical notes by Jan Burgers himself, and some being written by the editors. Apart from describing the scientific aspects of Burgers’ work, this book also provides important information about the person Jan Burgers himself, and about his political vision. This all adds to our admiration of this remarkable fluid dynamicist. 6 Jan Burgers w 1895-1981 FOREWORD II by Jim Wallace, Director Burgers Program for Fluid Dynamics University of Maryland (USA), College Park, MD, 20742 Fluid dynamics has a long history at the University of Maryland. Much of the most notable earlier research occurred in the Institute for Fluid Dynamics and Applied Mathematics (IFDAM), which was merged with the Institute for Molecular Physics to form the Institute for Physical Science and Technology (IPST) in 1976, but it was also dispersed throughout the College of Engineering. During the early Nineteen-fifties internationally prominent fluid dynamicists, such as Sydney Goldstein, J. Kampé de Féret, George Batchelor and Jan Burgers lectured at IFDAM. In 1955 Burgers began a second career at IFDAM, after retiring as a professor from the Technical University of Delft, and he continued to be very productive until his death in 1981. In January of 1995 I represented the University of Maryland at the centenary celebration of Burgers’ birth held in Delft by the J. M. Burgerscentrum. In May of that year I also organized a half-day Burgers centenary celebration symposium on the Maryland campus that culminated with a lecture by Frans Nieuwstadt on “The Legacy of J.M. Burgers.” When Katepalli Sreenivasan became director of IPST in 2002, he raised funds to endow an annual Burgers Lectureship and, together with Jan Sengers of IPST, he put together a Burgers Board to organize this Lectureship. Frans Nieuwstadt spent several weeks at the University of Maryland in the Fall of 2003, and he gave the first Burgers Lecture entitled “Resolving Reynolds’ Riddle.” Jan Burgers w 1895-1981 When Sreenivasan left, Sengers became Chair of the Burgers Board and brought great vigor to the task. He brought me onto the Board, and together we and the Board conceptualized a broad range of activities and participants constituting the Burgers Program for Fluid Dynamics (http://www.burgers.umd.edu). The Program describes itself as: “Inspired by the intellectual heritage of J.M. Burgers, the mission of the Burgers Program is to enhance the quality and international visibility of fluid dynamics research and educational programs at the University of Maryland with the help of an endowed Burgers Fund. Fluid dynamics in this context is viewed to include a broad range of dynamics, from nanoscales to geophysical scales, in simple and complex fluids.” Almost 80 faculty members, spread over 22 different academic and research units in the College of Computer, Mathematical and Natural Sciences and the A. James Clark School of Engineering, par- ticipate in the Burgers Program. The Burgers Program was inaugurated in November 2004 with the first of its annual Burgers Symposia. Highlights of the day-long event were the remarks by Gijs Ooms, the Scientific Director of JMBC: “The Legacy of J.M. Burgers in the Netherlands,” remarks by Jan Sengers on “The Legacy of J.M. Burgers at Maryland” and the inaugural Burgers Lecture. The November 2014 Symposium celebrated the 10th anniversary of the Program with the Burgers Lecture given by Katepalli Sreenivasan, who had initiated this Lectureship, and additional lectures given by Gijs Ooms, Charles Meneveau, and Bruno Eckhardt, each of whom were past Burgers Lecturers, as well as by Rachel Lee, a graduate student who had been supported by the program to attend a short course at the JMBC, and Ken Kiger who had taken a sabbatical at the JMBC. Jan Burgers w 1895-1981 In addition to our annual symposium, the activities of the Burgers Program include: • a visiting professor program • a faculty and student exchange relationship with the J. M. Burgerscentrum • publications partially resulting from this exchange program • short-courses put on by the Burgers Program in collaboration with the J. M. Burgerscentrum • an annual spring showcase Ph.D. Student/Postdoc symposium in collaboration with Johns Hopkins and George Washington Universities • summer research schools on fluid dynamics • the Fluid Dynamics Reviews seminar series. I have no doubt that Jan Burgers would be enormously pleased to know that his legacy at the University of Maryland is flourishing and that we have such close ties to the JMBC. I hope this book about his life and work will inspire new generations of students to be attracted to the fascinating subject of fluid dynamics. Jan Burgers w 1895-1981 JAN BURGERS (1895 - 1981) Jan V Sengers, Burgers Program for Fluid Dynamics, Institute for Physical Science and Technology University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA Gijs Ooms, J.M. Burgerscentrum, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands Introduction 13 Part I. Jan Burgers in The Netherlands I.1 F.
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