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Genus Sicista) in the Western Apoidea) in an Urban Botanical Garden in Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Genus Sicista) in the Western Apoidea) in an Urban Botanical Garden in Buenos Aires, Argentina Correspondence –Notes 371 Marín-Gómez, O.H. (2005): Avifauna del campus de la Universidad Recent geographic distribution of birch del Quindío. Boletín SAO 15: 42-60. Mazzeo, N.M., Torretta, J.P. (2015): Wild bees (Hymenoptera: mice (genus Sicista) in the western Apoidea) in an urban botanical garden in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment Great Caucasus Mts., with designation 50(3): 182-193. of terra typica for Sicista caucasica Nieto, M., Nieto, O.A., Duque, O.L., Muñoz, N.J., López, J.H., Jiménez, L.F. (2009): Corredor de conservación urbano: (Sminthidae, Rodentia) Disminución de la fragmentación de ecosistemas de bosque en el sistema municipal de Áreas Naturales Protegidas del municipio de Armenia. Armenia, Quindío. 70pp. Detecting birch mice (genus Sicista Gray, 1827) of Ramírez-Llorens, P., Bellocq, M.I. (2007): New records clarify the the family Sminthidae (Brandt, 1855) requires Southern distribution of the Spectacled Owl (Pulsatrix great experience, special skills and tools; addition- Perspicillata). Journal of Raptor Research 41(4): 268-276. Restrepo, J.S., López, A., Córdoba-Córdoba, S. (2013): El Búho de ally, most species are reported to be extremely rare Anteojos (Pulsatrix perspicillata) en fragmentos de bosque seco (Holden et al. 2017) and have only a few recent oc- del Valle del Río Cauca en Neira, Caldas, Colombia. Spizaetus: currence data, so their exact distribution is insuffi- Boletín de la Red de Rapaces Neotropicales 15: 19-24. Restrepo, J.S., Enríquez, P.L. (2014): Conocimiento popular sobre ciently mapped. The genus is currently intensively los búhos en poblaciones rurales del Suroccidente de Manizales, studied with special emphasis on taxonomy, phy- Caldas, Colombia. Entnobiología 12(3): 41-48. logeography and conservation; for example, the Ribeiro, R.C.C., Vasconcelos, M.F. (2003): Ocorrência de Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana e de Nyctibius grandis em área urbana no leste de Southern Birch Mouse group (Sicista subtilis sensu Minas Gerais, Brasil. Ararajuba 11(2): 233-234. lato) was recently revised by Cserkész et al. (2016), Sánchez, E.L., Camargo, J.C. (2015): Diversidad de avifauna en and the first single-gene phylogeny of Caucasian paisajes rurales de la cuenca del río La Vieja, Eje Cafetero de Colombia. Recursos Naturales y Ambiente 65-66: 83-89. Birch Mouse group using Cytochrome b sequences Stiles, F.G., Skutch, A.F. (1995): Guía de Aves de Costa Rica. was published by Baskevich et al. (2016). Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio). Heredia, Costa The Caucasian Birch Mouse (Sicista caucasica Rica. Voirin, J.B., Kays, R., Lowman, M.D., Wikelski M. (2009): Evidence Vinogradov, 1925) was described as being related for Three-Toed Sloth (Bradypus variegatus) Predation by to the Chinese birch mouse (Sicista concolor Spectacled Owl (Pulsatrix perspicillata). Edentata (8-10): 15-20. Büchner, 1892) on the basis of its uniformly col- oured dorsal pelage that lacks the dark mid-dorsal Key words: Pulsatrix perspicillata, distribution, raptors, urbanization, Colombia, Quindío stripe. As Vinogradov (1925) wrote “it is distin- guished from S. concolor by its brighter colour, Article No.: e162602 shorter ears, shorter rostrum and nasalia.” Over Received: 07. March 2016 / Accepted: 12. August 2016 fifty years later, in the 1980’s, two new species en- Available online: 10. October 2016 / Printed: December 2017 demic to the Great Caucasus were described based upon cytogenetic data: Sicista kluchorica (Sokolov, Oscar Humberto MARÍN-GÓMEZ1,3,*, Kovalskaya & Baskevich, 1980) and S. kazbegica Yemay TORO-LÓPEZ2, (Sokolov, Baskevich & Kovalskaya, 1986) (Sokolov Margarita M. LÓPEZ-GARCÍA1,3, et al. 1981, 1986). Additionally, a “striped mouse”, Javier Ignacio GARZÓN ZULUAGA2,4 Strand’s Birch Mouse (Sicista strandi Formozov, and Diana Milena SANTA-ARISTIZABAL2,4 1931) also occurs here, which is a typical steppe faunal element, inhabiting the warmer and rela- 1. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de tively dry south-facing slopes (Shenbrot et al. Colombia, A.A. 7495. Carrera 45 No 26-85, Bogotá, Colombia 1995). 2. Universidad del Quindío, Avenida Bolívar Calle 12 Norte, Armenia, Colombia This report focuses on the faunal results of our 3. Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El mammalogical expedition in June 2014 to the terri- Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz 91070, México tory of Russian federal republics Karachay- 4Fundación para la Investigación y Conservación de Especies Nativas Neotropicales Continentales y Oceánicas (FICENANCO), Cherkessia, Adygea and North Ossetia-Alania Calle 5 # 8-04, Barrio el Jardín, Salento, Colombia (Fig. 1), aimed to survey the habitat preference, *Corresponding author: [email protected] current density, threatening factors and conserva- tion status of Sicista species, and to collect genetic samples for phylogenetic analyses. The animals were trapped alive using pitfall traps as de- tailed in Cserkész et al. (2015). In short, the pitfalls were simple 5 litre buckets dug to a depth where the rim was even with the ground level, and they were set out by 372 North-Western Journal of Zoology 13(2) / 2017 Figure 1. Overview map of the study area, showing trapping sites in the western range of the Caucasus Mts. Yellow bars represent the capture frequency of birch mouse in the sampling site. keeping approximately 8 m distance between them. Ani- mals were released at the capture site after external measurements, samples, and photographs were taken. A genetic sample of each birch mouse was taken by remov- ing a hair with the bulb attached, and the individual birch mice were identified by CytB sequences (genetic results are planned to be published in a subsequent paper). Dif- ferent number of pitfalls was used at each site (Table 1). Trapping lasted only 1–2 nights at each site because, ac- cording to our previous experience, this time is adequate to successfully trap birch mice. If a species occurs on a site, the chance of capture after maximum three nights of trapping is much reduced. It is thus not productive to stay at a site longer if the goal is to survey birch mice at as Figure 2. Extraordinarily high capture rate for Sicista cau- nd many sites as possible. The capture frequency of each casica was detected in the Sofiya-valley at 22 June species was estimated and indexed as number of cap- 2014. tured individuals / 100 trap-nights (tn) wherein one tn is one trap left active for approx. 24 h (number of birch mice sparsely growing trees of Scotch-pine (Pinus syl- trapped per night per 100 traps). It is important to em- phasize that this index reflects a combined effect of rela- vestris) were found in mosaic with subalpine tive abundance and relative mobility of animals. meadows on the slope. Other plant species noted in the vegetation are: Alchemilla vulgaris agg., In total, 49 birch mice were captured within 10 Anemone fasciculata L., Asperula alpina M.Bieb., Bet- days in 9 out of 13 surveyed sites (Table 1). Sicista onica grandiflora Willd., Centaurea cheiranthifolia strandi was trapped at a frequency of 2.5 and 3.4 Willd., Cerastium pumilum Curtis, Cruciata valen- individuals/100tn in Tsey-valley, North Ossetia at tinae (Galushko) Galushko, Gymnadenia conopsea a higher altitude (2329 m asl) than has thus far (L.) R.Br., Huynhia pulchra (Willd. ex Roemer & been reported. Sicista kluchorica proved to be more Schultes) Greuter & Burdet, Myosotis alpestris frequent, 2.1–12.9 ind/100 tn in Mukhu-valley, F.W.Schmidt, Origanum vulgare L., Phleum alpinum Teberda, Karachay-Cherkessia. It was also cap- L., Pimpinella rhodantha Boiss., Poa alpina L., Poly- tured at a record low altitude (1500 m asl), as this gonum carneum C.Koch, Polygonum panjutinii species was previously known only from higher Charkev., Primula algida Adams, Primula macroca- elevations. The most common species during our lyx Bunge., Pulsatilla albana (Steven) Bercht. et trapping was Sicista caucasica (Fig. 2); at two sites it J.Presl, Ranunculus crassifolius (Rupr.) Grossh., was especially abundant with 17 and 42.6 Rumex acetosa L., Trifolium trichocephalum M.Bieb. ind./100tn. See mean biometric datasets for the Shrubs (Rosa canina s.l. and Rubus spp.) did not captured birch mice in Table 2. form closed formations, although patches of Juni- The habitat preference of birch mouse species perus sabina L. were present together with rock in the western Caucasus differed at the species- outcrops, but they were not dominating the vege- group level. Sicista strandi was trapped on a south- tation. ern facing slope of subalpine grassland dominated Contrary to the previous, we captured Cauca- by Festuca varia agg. located on transitional zone sian birch mice (S. caucasica and S. kluchorica) between the alpine and subalpine belts, where mostly in slightly disturbed, nitrophilous, mon- Table 1. Summary of sites, habitats and captures presented as number of birch mice and by capture frequency (Cf). Altitude No. of Cf of Sicista Date Locality Coordinates Habitat Captured Sicista (m) traps (x ind./100 tn) 16.06.–17.06.2014 North Ossetia 42°48'N 1900 Subalpine meadow 55 - 0 Tsey-valley, Khukali 43°58'E 17.06.–18.06.2014 North Ossetia 42°48'N 2246 Alpine-subalpine grassland, Festuca variadominance 44 3 Sicista strandi 3.4 Tsey-valley 43°56'E 17.06.–18.06.2014 North Ossetia 42°48'N 2329 Alpine-subalpine grassland 20 1 Sicista strandi 2.5 Tsey-valley 43°56'E 17.06.–18.06.2014 North Ossetia 42°48'N 2390 Alpine-subalpine meadow 42 - 0 Tsey-valley 43°56'E 18.06.2014 North Ossetia 42°49'N
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