North Fork of the South Platte National Register Historic District Jefferson County,

Survey Report

Prepared for: Jefferson County, Colorado

Colorado Historical Society State Historical Fund Grant #04-01-023 Deliverables #10 and #12

Prepared by: Architecture 2000, P.C. and Anne W. Bond March 30, 2007 Revised August 28, 2007

North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Project Participants

North Fork of the South Platte Historic District Jefferson County, Colorado March 30, 2007

Project Participants Colorado Historical Society: th Jefferson County, CO 225 East 16 Avenue Suite 950 Department of Planning and Zoning CO 80203 100 Jefferson County Pkwy #3550 Gheda Gayou, Preservation Specialist Golden CO 80419-3550 (303) 866-2835 Dennis Dempsey, Planner Email: [email protected] (303) 271-8734 or 8765 Fax: (303) 271-8706 Mary Therese Anstey Email: [email protected] Historical and Architectural Survey Coordinator Jefferson County Historical Commission (303) 866-4822 Historic Preservation Committee Email: [email protected] c/o Jefferson County Archives and Records Management Chris Geddes 100 Jefferson County Parkway Suite 1500 National and State Register Historian Golden CO 80419-1500 (303) 866-4683 Deborah Andrews, committee chair Email: [email protected] Lucy Bambrey Richard Gardner Dale Heckendorn Erlene Hulsey-Lutz National and State Register Coordinator Milly Roeder (303) 866-4681 Burdette Weare Email: [email protected] (303) 271-8447 Fax: (303) 271-8452 Email: [email protected]

Report prepared by: Architecture 2000 P.C. 5031 South Ulster Suite 325 Denver CO 80237 Kathy C. Lingo AIA, Architect (303) 290-9930 Fax: (303) 290-0274 Email: [email protected] Anne Wainstein Bond, Historian (303) 388-7634 Email: [email protected]

Funding for this project was provided by: The State Historical Fund/Colorado Historical Society The Scientific and Cultural Facilities District Jefferson County, Colorado

North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface Preface-1 to -2 State Historical Fund Memo June 7, 2007 Section 1 Introduction pages 1-1 to 1-3 Project Purpose The Phase III Project Funding and Support Sources Project Leadership Acknowledgements

Section 2 Project Area pages 2-1 to 2-2 North Fork map legend Figures 1 and 2

Section 3 Research Design and Methods pages 3-1 to 3-8 Design and Expectations Field Survey Abbreviated Glossary Access to Private Property Addresses and Property Identification Numbers Mapping The National Register Historic District Historical Research Sources Research Challenges and Constraints Outcomes Photographic and Map Research Resource Bibliography Community Outreach

Section 4 Historic Context and Significance Overview pages 4-1 to 4-12 Significance Overview Transportation: Railroads Entertainment/Recreation: Tourism Industry: Extractive Industries Agriculture: Ranching Historic Context Overview: Prehistory and Exploration Early Settlements The Coming of the Railroad Figures 3 and 4 Town-building and Commercial Growth Scenery and the Leisure Industry Regional Industries

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Railroad Decline and Abandonment After 1940

Section 5 Historic Context: Town Histories pages 5-1 to 5-33 Figure 7: Roads and Towns page 5-2 South Platte page 5-3 Longview pages 5-6 to 5-7 Dome Rock pages 5-8 to 5-9 Foxton pages 5-10 to 5-13 Argyle Property pages 5-14 to 5-15 Ferndale pages 5-16 to 5-18 Riverview pages 5-19 to 5-20 Buffalo Creek pages 5-21 to 5-26 Swan Hereford Ranch pages 5-27 to 5-28 Pine Grove pages 5-29 to 5-33

Section 6 Results / Survey Log pages 6-1 to 6-16 District Boundaries page 6-1 Figure 2: Surveyed Area page 6-2 Natural Setting pages 6-3 to 6-4 Architectural Styles page 6-4 Tour of the District pages 6-4 to 6-15 Figures 8 – 30 following Section 6 Table 1: Resources sorted by resource number Table 1-1 to 1-9 Table 2: Resources sorted by PIN Table 2-1 to 2-9 Table 3: Resources on National Register Table 3-1 to 3-1

Section 7 Recommendations pages 7-1 to 7-2 Uses for survey results Timing and logistical issues Use and publication of Phase II reports Follow-up survey projects Property location issues

Section 8 Bibliography pages 8-1 to 8-8

Section 9 Maps Buffalo Creek 2005 Buffalo Creek 1945 Pine Grove 2005 Pine Grove 1945

Back pouch USGS Quadrangle Maps for Colorado and Pine Colorado

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Jefferson County Regional Map Section 2 Figure 2 North Fork Historic District Surveyed Area Section 2 Figure 3 North Fork Historic District Surveyed Area Section 4 after 4-6 Figure 4 Railroad Map Section 4 after 4-6 Figure 5 Railroad Schedule Section 4 after 4-8 Figure 6 North Fork District Railroad Stops Section 4 after 4-8 Figure 7 North Fork Historic District Roads & Towns Section 5 Figure 8 Dome Rock, Longview, South Platte Setting following Section 6 Figure 9 Foxton and Argyle Setting following Section 6 Figure 10 Ferndale and Riverview Setting following Section 6 Figure 11 Buffalo Creek Setting following Section 6 Figure 12 Swan Hereford Setting following Section 6 Figure 13 Pine Grove Setting following Section 6 Figure 14 Existing and Proposed District Boundaries following Section 6 Figure 15 East End of District following Section 6 Figure 16 Longview Enlarged Map following Section 6 Figure 17 Foxton, Argyle, and Ferndale following Section 6 Figure 18 Foxton Enlarged Map following Section 6 Figure 19 Argyle Enlarged Map following Section 6 Figure 20 Buffalo Creek following Section 6 Figure 21 Buffalo Creek Enlarged Map, South Central following Section 6 Figure 22 Buffalo Creek Enlarged Map, Southeast following Section 6 Figure 23 Buffalo Creek Enlarged Map, Northeast following Section 6 Figure 24 Buffalo Creek Enlarged Map, North Central following Section 6 Figure 25 Buffalo Creek Enlarged Map, North following Section 6 Figure 26 Swan Hereford and Pine Grove following Section 6 Figure 27 Pine Grove Enlarged Map, Northeast following Section 6 Figure 28 Pine Grove Enlarged Map, North Central following Section 6 Figure 29 Pine Grove Enlarged Map, Northwest following Section 6 Figure 30 Pine Grove Enlarged Map, South following Section 6

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North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Preface

Preface to the North Fork Historic District Survey Report By Deborah Andrews, Chair Historic Preservation Committee of the Jefferson County Historical Commission

The Historic Preservation Committee (HPC) of the Jefferson County Historical Commission (JCHC) is pleased to introduce the following North Fork Historic District Intensive Survey Report and accompanying documents, collectively called the “Phase III Cultural Resource Survey/North Fork Historic District” (Phase III CRS/NFHD). This is the final product of the combined efforts and dedication of a number of individuals and organizations.

Phase III CRS/NFHD has lasted three years, from its initiation in May 2004 to March 2007. Yet its conception can be traced back to at least 1998, when JCHC published feature articles on the endangered NFHD in its annual magazine, Historically Jeffco, followed by the placement of the NFHD’s historic Foxton Post Office on Colorado Preservation, Inc.’s (CPI) Colorado’s Most Endangered Places List in 2002. A number of community meetings were conducted by CPI on the Post Office’s fate, after which the Phase III project and SHF grant application were conceived and submitted.

A chief JCHC concern was understanding and preserving the NFHD. JCHC realized an important step in reaching this goal involved completing a thorough and accurate record of the physical resources comprising this complex historic district. When the original National Register of Historic Places nomination was accepted in 1974, it was adequate for its time. Since at least the 1990s, it became increasingly obvious both documentation and clarity were lacking in the existing nomination and the JCHC believed this lack of information would hamper preservation goals for the NFHD. Also, changes in National Park Services standards for National Register Historic Districts now require more detailed documentation of individual resources.

Phase III CRS/NFHD was conceived as an ambitious undertaking to complete missing documentation in the form of an intensive survey, followed by a complete revision of the National Register nomination. An equally important objective for the project was to encourage broader awareness and involvement through community participation and support, education and county-wide outreach, all of which are means of expanding support for preservation of the area.

As can happen during the process of such a lengthy and complex project, JCHC concluded that the originally-planned “full” National Register amendment would run counter to the other goals of the project at this time. A full amendment would entail careful evaluation of existing National Register District boundaries and clarification of those boundaries in consultation with the project consultant, Colorado Historical Society/Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation (CHS/OAHP) and National Park Service. A full amendment would pursue both logical additions to the property boundaries, as well as deletion of areas currently within the district which are deemed lacking in integrity and/or insufficiently contributing to the district in its Area(s) of Significance. Though this approach would provide the definitive documentation and clarity originally intended, it had the potential to cordon off certain sections of the historic district that play a vital role in the living identity of the community as a historic district and thus to alienate those who have the most at stake and who are likely to play the most vital role in both preserving and restoring the district now and in the future.

JCHC and the county have determined the appropriate action to close-out the current project is to complete a limited boundary amendment to the 1974 nomination, keeping the 1974 NFHD nomination in effect. Boundary amendments to be addressed are those areas immediately contiguous to district boundaries that were clearly defined in 1974. District boundaries around the communities of Buffalo

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Creek and Pine Grove were not clearly defined in 1974, and will not be addressed in the 2007 limited boundary amendment.

The current (Phase III CRS/NFHD) National Register nomination amendment does not attempt to: (1) Clarify existing (1974) district boundaries in any formal capacity, (2) Add other areas to the district that are contributing but not clearly contiguous with the 1974 boundaries or (3) Remove areas within the 1974 boundaries of compromised integrity

Because this approach differs from the original intent noted above, a greater reliance is placed on both the North Fork Historic District Intensive Survey Report and the individual Architectural Inventory Forms. The report incorporates current evaluations of 1974 NFHD boundaries and recommendations for possible future boundary clarifications and amendments. It also provides information on the historic context and significance of the district and the communities within the existing boundaries. Areas of Significance and Periods of Significance cannot be modified under the current limited boundary amendment approach. Additional information considered important to any future NFHD nomination amendment is placed in Section 7, Recommendations. Additional information about the district gathered by the survey team historian will also be provided to the JCHC for use in the future.

In this process, JCHC and Jefferson County have affirmed the following objectives for completion of this project: ƒ The limited NFHD National Register nomination amendment is a means of stabilizing the current district, and of encouraging efforts to restore lost integrity through planning, stabilization and restoration ƒ Jefferson County chooses to see the district as a whole and considers it detrimental to near- and long- term preservation efforts to cut out sections solely because of physical integrity issues ƒ The community embrace of the NFHD as a whole must be respected and encouraged ƒ The role of the natural waterway (North Fork of the South Platte) is crucial to the historic development and character of the district and should remain integral throughout the district ƒ The unique physical constraints of the district, including natural characteristics (landscape, topography, riverway), contribute to district integrity and unity and must be maintained ƒ Current and future efforts toward National Register District amendments should be weighed against the ability to provide ongoing recognition of vulnerable historic areas versus the potential impact that reducing recognition could have on protection and preservation efforts

Hence, the current JCHC strategy for the National Register nomination portion of the Phase III CRS/NFHD is summarized thus: To make additions to the district to enhance preservation efforts, and refrain from removing borderline areas from the district. JCHC intends that these survey documents will support the efforts of the county and the community in ongoing preservation of the district.

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North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Introduction

SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION

North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Introduction

Section 1: Introduction

The Jefferson County Historical Commission [JCHC] was established in 1974 as the oversight entity in county government providing oversight and coordination for the Colorado Centennial and United States Bicentennial activities across Jefferson County. Following the celebration year, the JCHC was retained to manage the research, documentation and designation of historic resources in the county. It was responsible for the establishment of the Department of Archives and Records Management, which preserves and makes accessible to the public county records and documentation, and it manages the County’s Historic Landmark Program, begun in 2003. The JCHC mission and work are broad and incorporate many important areas of historical effort: coordinating the historical activities of the county; acting as liaison with state and national history and preservation organizations; disseminating historical information; assisting governmental agencies in developing procedures and guidelines relative to historic resources; identifying properties of historical value; promoting and supporting historical educational programs; and participating with grant programs providing support for historical and preservation activities. The volunteer commission members and county staff share support activities for the work of the JCHC programs and project administration.

Project Purpose The Jefferson County Historical Commission (JCHC), with the active involvement of the Jefferson County Planning and Zoning Department, was awarded a State Historical Fund grant in July 2003 to conduct Phase III of the county Cultural Resources Survey (CRS), in three parts: 1. An intensive survey of all properties within the boundaries of the North Fork [of the South Platte] Historic District (NFHD) including extensive community participation and an amendment of the incomplete 1974 National Register nomination; 2. A public education program including the development of a model curriculum and interpretive education program using the NFHD and its surroundings as a pilot project; and 3. A public outreach campaign consisting of roundtable discussions with public agencies and historic preservation groups within the county in order to disseminate survey results and develop networks of participants for decision-making relative to historic resources in the county.

Phases I and II of the CRS have successfully established a historic context for the county, completed a county-wide reconnaissance survey of over 4000 buildings now managed in a county-wide database, and conducted an intensive survey of 63 representative historic properties. This information is cross- referenced to Jefferson County Planning and Zoning data, and used in review of plat, rezoning, and planned development proposals. The public element of these two phases included presentations on survey results, historic area tours, production and distribution of five brochures on county history and historic resources, and a series of articles in county and local publications. Phases I and II of the county Cultural Resource Survey were funded in part by grants from the State Historical Fund as 00-M1-34 and 01-02- 089, and a grant from the Scientific and Cultural Facilities District (SCFD). The draft Historic Context Report was completed in December, 2002 by Cathleen M. Norman of Preservation Publishing.

This survey report and the associated inventory forms represent the intensive survey component of Phase III of Jefferson County’s on-going commitment to record its historical and architectural resources. Phase III is an important step. The North Fork area has been confirmed through previous phases to be of high priority to Jefferson County. Although this area was designated as a National Register Historic District in 1974, little documentation of the number, integrity and significance of the resources within the boundaries was compiled. A brief area description, overview history and statement of significance on the 1974 National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form – North Fork [of the South Platte] Historic

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District provided insufficient documentation for county assessment or decision-making for planning and zoning. The area is in critical need of documentation and preservation because of its fragile character, ongoing neglect, the continuous threat of reservoir development, and natural disasters in recent years. A wildfire and flood occurred in Buffalo Creek in 1996. The Hi Meadow fire threatened the area in 2000, and the disastrous Hayman fire to the south in 2002 again raised the specter of potential disaster. The area continues to be under consideration as a reservoir site by the Denver Water Board, which owns a significant portion of the property within the district from Foxton east to South Platte. This project’s thorough documentation of resources within the NFHD will allow for meaningful planning with applicable stakeholders, including the community, Denver Water Board, Jefferson County Open Space, Colorado Preservation, Inc., and the U. S. Forest Service through its Wild and Scenic River suitability study for the North Fork of the South Platte.

The Phase III Project The objectives of the overall project are to conduct an intensive survey of all sites associated with the North Fork of the South Platte Historic District (NFHD), prepare an intensive survey report of the NFHD, re-evaluate the NFHD boundary, and amend the 1974 NFHD nomination.

The consultants completed intensive level surveys on 300 individual properties within the boundaries of the NFHD and in several areas immediately outside the boundaries which were considered for inclusion in a boundary amendment to the National Register Historic District. A survey report was prepared summarizing the findings of the survey and making recommendations for boundary adjustments and contributing/non-contributing status for each individual property surveyed. A list of properties determined to be field-eligible for individual listing in the National Register of Historic Places is part of the report survey results. Four public events (three community meetings and one county-wide historic preservation workshop) presented the survey purpose, process and results to the community and local officials. A nomination boundary amendment was developed following submission of the survey forms and report. The project began in June 2004. Survey forms and report were submitted to the Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation of the Colorado Historical Society in August 2006. The draft nomination document was prepared for submission to Colorado’s National Register Review Board for their consideration at their August 2007 meeting.

Funding and Support Sources The survey is funded in part by the County of Jefferson, Colorado, and in part by the Colorado Historical Society, State Historical Fund Grant #04-01-023. Other funding was received from the Scientific and Cultural Facilities District and the Jefferson County Board of County Commissioners. Jefferson County Department of Planning and Zoning contributed staff support to the Phase III project.

Project Leadership Architecture 2000 P.C., of Denver Colorado, prepared the survey and nomination amendment portions of Phase III under contract to Jefferson County. Members of the Jefferson County Historical Commission Historic Preservation Committee and Dennis Dempsey of the Jefferson County Department of Planning and Zoning provided project oversight. Kathy and Leonard Lingo of Architecture 2000 P.C. headed the project, with Anne Wainstein Bond, historian, as a subcontractor to Architecture 2000. The work began in June 2004 and continued through March 2007.

Acknowledgements The consultant team wishes to acknowledge some of the individuals who have provided valuable assistance, guidance, and insights, and without whom this project would not be possible. In particular, we wish to thank the members of the Jefferson County Historical Commission Historic Preservation Committee, and Deborah Andrews in particular; Janet Bell, Dennis Dempsey, Phyllis Scheneman and

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Russell Clark of the Jefferson County Department of Planning and Zoning; Jean Reince Schwartz of Jefferson County Open Space (formerly with the Jefferson County Planning and Zoning Department); Mary Turner of Jefferson County; April Bernard, educational consultant; and Mary Therese Anstey, Gheda Gayou, Dale Heckendorn and Chris Geddes of the Colorado Historical Society. Many members of the North Fork communities were extremely helpful and enthusiastic in their support, including Michelle Beittel, Pat Lang, Vicki Porter, Kate Hart, the Green family, the Tobin family, Cynthia Jorgenson, Paige Whitesides, Pastor David Bailly, Roxanne Medlen, Ronnie Newman, Bob and Patti McIlvaine, Rob and Shelley Means, and Dave Rainey. Thanks also go to the Denver Water Board, the North Fork Volunteer Fire Department, the Archdiocese of Denver, and the Pine Community Library for their assistance.

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North Fork Historic District Survey Report Project Area

SECTION 2 PROJECT AREA

North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Project Area

Section 2: Project Area

The North Fork Historic District is located in south central Jefferson County, southeast of Conifer. The two primary routes of access into the district are Foxton Road from U.S. 285 just west of Conifer, and County Road 126 from U.S. 285 at Pine Junction (see Figure 1). The existing historic district follows the North Fork of the South and its adjacent highways (County Roads 96 and 126) from the North Fork’s junction with the near the South Platte Hotel at the east end, to the town of Pine Grove at the west end of the district (see Figure 2). The district is approximately 13 miles in length, and generally includes an area 20 feet to the north of the road along the river, to the southern bank of the river. It also generally includes the communities of Dome Rock, Foxton, Ferndale, Riverview, Buffalo Creek, and Pine Grove.

Field surveys identified additional historic resources along the route that were omitted from the 1974 nomination. These include the community of Longview, the Argyle property, portions of Foxton, and the Platte River Cabins complex in Pine Grove. These resources were documented as part of this survey and are included within a recommended 2007 boundary expansion for the historic district.

Due to budget constraints, some post-1945 properties are not documented in the survey. Many of these properties are either along or south of County Road126 in Pine Grove.

The surveyed area includes 995 acres on two USGS maps: Platte Canyon and Pine Quadrangles, both dated 1994. Townships and ranges identified on the USGS maps are tabulated on the following page. More extensive and detailed mapping can be found in Section 7: Results.

In addition to USGS maps, satellite imagery with an overlay of Jefferson County property identification numbers (PINs) was provided by Jefferson County Planning and Zoning. Historic 1945 surveillance photos of most of the area were provided by the National Archives Cartographic Section in College Park, Maryland. The last section of this report contains the Pine and Platte Canyon USGS quadrangle maps, a map of the entire district, as well as current and 1945 aerial photos of the two larger communities, Buffalo Creek and Pine Grove.

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North Fork map legend The following is a tabulation of townships and ranges that are shown on the two USGS quadrangle maps for this area. The two quadrangle maps are in the back of the report. Individual inventory forms for each surveyed property refer to this information. For example, the South Platte area is on the Platte Canyon Quadrangle map, in the southeast quarter of Section 25 (SE1/4 Sec25), Township 7 South (TS7), Range 70 West (R70W).

Location Notes Platte Canyon Quadrangle SE1/4 Sec25 T7S R70W South Platte SW1/4 Sec25 T7S R70W South Platte and west SE1/4 Sec26 T7S R70W between South Platte and Longview NE1/4 Sec26 T7S R70W Longview and east NW1/4 Sec26 T7S R70W Longview SW1/4 Sec23 T7S R70W Dome Rock NE1/4 Sec22 T7S R70W West of Dome Rock SE1/4 Sec22 T7S R70W West of Dome Rock NW1/4 Sec22 T7S R70W West of Dome Rock NE1/4 Sec21 T7S R70W between Dome Rock and Foxton SE1/4 Sec16 T7S R70W east of Foxton; Foxton Road SW1/4 Sec16 T7S R70W Foxton Road intersection NW1/4 Sec21 T7S R70W Foxton SW1/4 Sec21 T7S R70W Foxton SE1/4 Sec20 T7S R70W Cathedral Spire NE1/4 Sec29 T7S R70W Argyle

Pine Quadrangle NW1/4 Sec29 T7S R70W between Argyle and Ferndale SW1/4 Sec29 T7S R70W Ferndale SE1/4 Sec30 T7S R70W between Ferndale and Riverview NE1/4 Sec31 T7S R70W Riverview NW1/4 Sec31 T7S R70W Riverview SE1/4 Sec31 T7S R70W Buffalo Creek northeast SW1/4 Sec31 T7S R70W Buffalo Creek north NE1/4 Sec6 T8S R70W Buffalo Creek southeast NW1/4 Sec6 T8S R70W Buffalo Creek southwest SE1/4 Sec36 T7S R71W Buffalo Creek west SW1/4 Sec36 T7S R71W West of Buffalo Creek NW1/4 Sec36 T7S R71W Swan Hereford Ranch NE1/4 Sec35 T7S R71W Swan Hereford Ranch SW1/4 Sec26 T7S R71W east of Pine SE1/4 Sec27 T7S R71W Pine southeast NE1/4 Sec27 T7S R71W Pine northeast NW1/4 Sec27 T7S R71W Pine northwest SW1/4 Sec27 T7S R71W Pine southwest, Elk Creek Road junction SE1/4 Sec28 T7S R71W West of Pine, Crystal Lake

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North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Research Design and Methods

SECTION 3 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Research Design and Methods

Section 3: Research Design and Methods

Design and Expectations: This survey was conducted in accordance with the Colorado Cultural Resource Survey Manual, Revised 2001, the edition in effect at the time of the project contract.

The actual conditions varied from the survey team’s expectations. Resources were generally in fairly good condition, although some suffer from weather-related deterioration. The team expected a greater concentration of commercial properties, but there are very few, and most of those are in Pine Grove. Other expectations included a higher percentage of primary residences, when in fact many of the residences are seasonal second homes. Fewer buildings than expected are designed in the Late Victorian style. More predominant styles are Late 19th and Early 20th Century American Movements, and Craftsman.

Field Survey Historical architects Leonard and Kathy Lingo, principal architects with Architecture 2000 P.C., documented resources in the field between June 2004 and March 2006. The survey was done at the intensive level as defined by the Colorado Historical Society Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, and reported on an individual form for each building. The forms used were the Colorado Cultural Resource Survey Architectural Inventory Forms. The forms require information to be entered in 53 different categories that are called “Fields”. Information required for the inventory forms was recorded using field notes, site sketches, hand-held GPS, and photography. Identification of archaeological potential was not part of this project.

The architects documented every individual resource included in the survey using black and white film photography. The negatives were subsequently electronically scanned, so this information exists in both film negatives and electronic files. Wider views of the communities and physical settings were captured in color digital photography.

Architects generally estimated the building dimensions, although in the cases where property access was permitted, many of the dimensions are from actual field measurements. Where dimensions were estimates, this was noted as such on the inventory forms.

There was little record of building permits, and dates of construction modifications were almost entirely unavailable. Dates of modifications were estimated in the field, and identified on the forms as estimates. In some cases, property owners provided information on dates of modifications.

Dates of construction, for the most part, were taken from the Assessor’s maps. If the dates appeared inaccurate relative to physical appearance, or other conflicting information, this fact was noted on the survey form. The information from the Assessor’s office was always listed on the Colorado Cultural Resource Survey Architectural Inventory Form in Field 25 as “Actual”. If other information conflicted with this date, an estimated date was listed in Field 25, with an explanation in Field 29, Construction history.

Some properties did not have dates of construction in the Assessor’s database. In these cases, a date was estimated, but no “Actual” date was entered. For the most part, properties identified on the tax rolls as “Vacant” or “Mtn Property” did not have dates of construction, since there was no record of a building on the property.

Following is a brief glossary of terms and acronyms used on the inventory forms and in this report

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Abbreviated Glossary

Architectural Style: Refer to http://www.coloradohistory-oahp.org/guides/architecture/archindex.htm for descriptions of different architectural styles.

GPS: Global Positioning System is a satellite and receiver system that can pinpoint a precise geographic location anywhere on the face of the earth. The earth is mathematically represented by the NAD 83 datum. A position is displayed using UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) values.

NAD83: North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) is the datum system that the Global Positioning System uses. This system accurately represents the earth to within two meters.

OAHP: Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation of the Colorado Historical Society.

PIN: Parcel Identification Number is the property identification system used by Jefferson County. The first two digits are the Township/Range, the next 3 digits are the Section/Quarter section and the last 2 digits needed are the Block number.

USGS: United States Geological Survey is a Federal source for science about the Earth. USGS is the commonly accepted source for mapping.

UTM: Universal Tranverse Mercator is a world-wide grid, similar to latitude and longitude. Two UTM values identify an exact location on the earth.

Access to Private Property Jefferson County notified all property owners in or near the district of this project by mail twice. They requested return of a postcard giving permission to access the property for the purpose of this survey. Permission to access the property was granted for about one third of the properties in or near the North Fork Histoic District. Where access to properties was not granted, information was gathered to the extent possible from public streets and UTMs were recorded at the property driveway. In some cases, this severely limited the amount of information available. In other cases, the property was clearly visible from the street and the lack of permission did not affect the project so no notation was made on the survey form. In cases where lack of access permission did limit the information, this was noted on the survey form. Where permission was either expressly denied, or simply not granted, physical descriptions and photographs may be only modestly informative.

Many of the homes in this district are second homes and many residents are only here in the summer. This fact made the issue of contacting residents for access permission more challenging for the County. Sometimes the only address the County had for the owner was the North Fork property address, but the owner actually lived elsewhere and did not receive the mail in a timely fashion.

A series of public meetings in Pine Grove and Buffalo Creek (described later in this section) were held to keep the community informed and to hear their suggestions and concerns. During these meetings the survey team also requested permission to access private property.

Some community members expressed concern about privacy and the intended use of the information gathered for this survey. All of the information collected was available from public or previously published sources, except for any additional information provided willingly by private property owners. Photographs were taken from public right-of-way when permission to enter the property was not granted.

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The community was assured that the survey forms and the nomination would be available for scholarly research, but would not be used for a broader audience unless the property owner had agreed in advance.

Addresses and Property Identification Numbers Temporary resource numbers are PINs (property identification numbers) from County tax rolls. This numerical reference is the most accurate identifier for these properties. The County’s tax assessor website has all properties identified by PIN. Addresses are not always reliable in this area since mail is not delivered to each house. The exception to this pattern is Pine Grove, where mail is delivered and addresses are reliable. However in other locations, the County tax roll addresses often differed from either the addresses posted on the buildings, or from addresses in the local Fire Department database, or both. PINs are not always unique. For example, all Denver Water Board properties have the same PIN. In the cases where multiple properties had the same PIN, Architecture 2000 added a unique suffix to the end of the PIN. A few properties lack PINs entirely. In these cases, Architecture 2000 assigned a new PIN ending in three letters rather than three numbers so as to avoid implying it was an Assessor’s PIN.

The building addresses and owner’s names and addresses on the forms are imported directly from the County Assessor’s tax rolls. In many instances, no address is given; many properties containing buildings are listed as “Vacant” or “Mtn Property” in the County database. Sometimes the buildings have misleading addresses in the database. For example some properties are addressed “0 Foxton Road” or have addresses on County Road 126 when they are actually on a side street. Many properties are addressed in communities other than their actual location; for example, some have Foxton addresses when they are actually located in Buffalo Creek. Some addresses in the database have zip codes and some do not. Architecture 2000 did not modify any of the County’s database information, except that “Vacant” entries were changed to “No Address” to avoid confusion. Address discrepancies or clarifications are noted in Field 13 on the inventory forms.

Mapping Jefferson County provided hard copies of area maps. These included PIN designations and construction dates, with property lines and roadways drawn as an overlay on satellite photos of the district. The satellite photography was extremely useful in understanding the relationships of the properties to their highly significant physical settings. Additionally, the National Archives in Maryland provided digital copies of 1945 aerial photographs for most of the district. Copies of both of these are duplicated in Section 2 of this report, allowing for an interesting side-by-side comparison of the changes over time.

A map of historic properties in Buffalo Creek entitled “The People and Places of Buffalo Creek, Colorado” was reproduced from Dorothy Lombard’s book, Buffalo Beginnings and Through the Years: The People and Places of Buffalo Creek, Colorado. A current street map of Pine Grove was reproduced from the Jefferson County Road Atlas, 2001 edition. The Denver Water Board provided a current map of Longview. The historic map of Foxton was reproduced from Gerald Pool, The Changing Faces of Foxton, 2002.

The Jefferson County website has on-line mapping of subdivisions. While many of the properties in the North Fork survey area are not within subdivisions, there are some subdivisions in Ferndale, Pine Grove and Buffalo Creek. The on-line subdivision maps were the information source for Field 12, Lots, Blocks and Subdivision Name.

UTM entries resulted from a variety of methods. Most UTMs were recorded in the field with a hand-held GPS unit in NAD 83. If access to the property was not permitted, the reading was taken from the end of the driveway at the nearest street. In some cases, particularly those with private bridges across the river, this means that the GPS reading is not very close to the house. For some properties, but only those with

3 - 3 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Research Design and Methods accurate addresses, the UTM could be obtained from the County’s online Address Wizard. In some instances, UTMs were obtained from Google Earth, but again only if there was an accurate property address.

The National Register Historic District This survey project was part of a larger effort to update and clarify the boundaries of an existing National Register Historic District. The North Fork of the South Platte Historic District was entered into the National Register of Historic Places on September 9, 1974, under the number 5JF.189. No count of individual buildings lying within the district was completed at that time, and the boundaries of the district were somewhat vague. As part of the current survey project, each individual resource was evaluated as contributing or noncontributing. Field 45 of the survey forms asks if there is National Register district potential. If an individual resource was already clearly within the boundaries of the 1974 historic district, the answer was given as “NA” since district potential was a moot point. The “discuss” section of this field contains an explanation of whether the resource is currently within the existing district boundaries, or whether it is within a recommended boundary expansion area. If it is within a recommended boundary expansion area, then Field 45 was answered “yes”, because there is district potential, and the resource was evaluated as contributing or noncontributing in Field 45.

If the resource was clearly within the 1974 boundaries, it was evaluated as contributing or noncontributing in Field 46, which is the field for resources in an existing National Register district. The 1974 nomination defined the district boundaries fairly clearly except at the two towns of Buffalo Creek and Pine Grove. At those two locations, the nomination defined the boundaries as “the incorporated town limits of Buffalo Creek” and “the incorporated town limits of Pine”. (Pine Grove was named Pine in 1974.) Neither town has ever been incorporated and neither has specific town limits. This became problematic in determining where the existing boundaries are, and whether or not a specific resource is within the district.

The areas recommended for the 2007 district expansion are all adjacent to boundaries that were clearly defined in 1974. Resources located around the edges of Buffalo Creek and Pine Grove are not adjacent to a clear boundary and cannot be added to the district without a comprehensive boundary amendment. Section 7 of this report recommends a future comprehensive boundary amendment to define the boundaries in Buffalo Creek and Pine Grove.

Historical Research: The consultant team devoted considerable effort in researching the historical record regarding the regional industries and historic context, the communities within the study area and the specific buildings inside the boundaries of the historic district. A wide range of resources were examined and results included in the several products of the project. The following summarizes the research process and outcomes.

The historian researched historical records, county documents and published materials related to the period 1870 – 1955 for the region included in the Platte Canyon from South Platte to Pine. References included newspapers, county tax and residence rolls, community newspapers and local publications, and tourism promotion ephemera. A search among library and archival holdings in this region of Colorado revealed a number of resort brochures, records related to the Colorado and Southern Railroad line (along which right-of-way the current road is located along the river), short local history segments in larger county or regional history books and a two-volume history of the Buffalo Creek community.

Sources: The principal sources of information related to the history of the North Fork area were located at several major repositories within the general Denver and Jefferson County region. The Denver Public Library’s

3 - 4 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Research Design and Methods

Western History Collection and the Stephen Hart Library of the Colorado Historical Society were rich with resources about the history of the communities, the railroad, the businesses and the significant individuals in the area of study. Personal papers, maps, photographs, pamphlets, railroad tourist ephemera, government documents, books and periodicals in these two collections provided the core of the data needed for the survey and the nomination amendment.

Other libraries provided specialized information. The Jefferson County Libraries at Belmar, Stanley Lake and Evergreen housed local periodicals. The Jefferson County Historical Society holdings at the Hiwan Homestead Museum include a wealth of images, papers, clippings files and oral histories about the county’s past. School libraries with history and archival collections were helpful, especially Norlin Library of the University of Colorado at Boulder, the Auraria Higher Education Center Library, and the Morgan Library of Colorado State University. The Pine Library shared its scrapbooks and notebooks on town history and the original plat map of the town was discovered, opened and some preservation implemented during the research process.

Specific property data was obtained at the Jefferson County Assessor’s Office where computer databases allowed access to the Common Schedules and recent ownership data. The title books for property transactions between the years 1900 and 1986 (estimated) are available and are indexed to ease access to prior data on each property parcel. Previously recorded historical data on approximately 30 sites were included in the COMPASS database of the Colorado Historical Society Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, as were copies of the nominations for the three individual sites already listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Jefferson County Historical Commission files provided copies of nomination documents and historical research for sites considered for local landmark designation.

Published materials about the communities within the designated North Fork Historic District varied widely in scope and depth of data. Like most community history efforts, these focused on social interactions and anecdotal compilations. Site and building-specific detail in these works was scarce, since such information was not the primary focus of the publications.

At the community meetings (discussed below), the consultant team requested access to any personally- owned historical materials about the area communities and historic structures. Several local residents shared information, but the volume of information gathered from community residents was small. Finally, personal conversations with long-time community members provided the opportunity to ask questions regarding specific sites and historic resources. Such questions were not always successful, as the informants generally preferred to relate reminiscences about people and events rather than buildings.

Research Challenges and Constraints: The greatest challenge was correlating the Parcel Identification Number (PIN) for each site with generally-accepted local names, published histories, early maps and government data. Only through the maps corrected by the county and provided to the survey team were the historian and surveyor able to match ownership data with information in local published histories.

In attempting to contact local residents, the seasonal nature of the communities posed a challenge. Many individuals with many decades of familiarity with the area and its changes were only present from the late spring through the early fall, and thus, attempts to capture their stories and information required long delays.

The greatest challenge lay in tracking the county’s ownership data on the early owners of the many parcels within the historic district boundaries. The Jefferson County Assessor Office staff was exceedingly helpful, and the data was reasonably easy to access. However, the dates of construction noted

3 - 5 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Research Design and Methods on the Assessor Common Schedule were not always correct, and unlike documentation often available in other Colorado counties, did not note later additions, remodeling or improvements to the property. The ownership history as constructed in reverse through the title books relates only to the parcel. The existence of a structure on the parcel at any point in the past or present was not noted until the 1986 beginning of the electronic database. At that point, the presence of a building and the estimated date of construction were noted only as “improvements” with no information about multiple phases of structural development.

Research on title and owner history prior to about 1905-1910 was difficult, requiring examination of the deed books. These sources were not indexed, and unlike the title books, did not record the next previous property transaction related to a specific parcel. Use of the deed books required identifying parcels by township/range/section descriptions, and the attendant sub-dividing of these areas to parcel sized lots in a rural area. Since none of the available data in the title books or on-line allowed that level of parcel identification, research correlating the deed books with the title books was not attempted.

To complicate matters, the county did not keep consistent records of building work until the middle of the 1950s. Permits for additions or new homes were rare, and the information was not easily accessed prior to that era. In the present, much work on buildings is carried out without permits. This made the discussion of “construction history” for the majority of the buildings very difficult to write with any degree of precision; in most cases, the only possible analysis was to identify construction, alterations or additions to private properties as “older” or “recent”.

The county’s title books did not note parcel splits, and in many cases, the estimated date of construction of a home was after the date when a parcel group was divided. However, the division was also an educated guess, and a date for construction derived from this. Parcel combinations were more easily tracked in the title books, but provide little information regarding buildings on the parcels.

Finally, use of census data to learn more about the residents of particular properties was difficult. Since many of the buildings were used from the time of construction as seasonal resort properties, the owners were not noted on the census as residents of Jefferson County, but were recorded in the location of their primary residences. Title records did not list the permanent addresses of any property owners, complicating any attempt to gather demographic or personal information about the majority of property owners past and present.

Outcomes: The historical research component of the project resulted in several components of the project products. The broad historical data was the basis for the historic context, the historical overview, and the short community history texts. The owner and title history was combined in numerous cases with local history information to write the historical background (fields 35 and 36) for each of the intensive level survey forms.

Photographic and Map Research: As part of the examination of historical documentation, any available maps and photographs were examined for information regarding historic resources within or adjacent to the historic district. There are over 300 images of the Platte Canyon of Colorado available through the joint Denver Public Library/Colorado Historical Society/Denver Art Museum photograph website www.photoswest.org, with additional images for several of the individual communities. Likewise, the Denver Public Library and the Colorado Historical Society have additional images not yet digitized, and the latter institution has a series of geographical information files for several of the communities within the historic district. Finally,

3 - 6 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Research Design and Methods collections related to the railroad contain images of the area which are valued resources for historical data related to the built environment.

Resource Bibliography: A bibliography was prepared of identified historical resources related to the survey area and its history. Special collections and unique resources are cited with notation of the institution of ownership. The full bibliography is included as Section 8 of this report.

Community Outreach The survey consultant team participated in a number of community outreach initiatives during the course of the project.

The first community meeting, hosted by the Jefferson County Historical Commission’s Historic Preservation Committee, was held May 1, 2004, at the Buffalo Creek Community Center. Approximately 45 members of the Pine and Buffalo Creek communities attended the event. At this time, the project was described, the process outlined and participation from the community was solicited. Jefferson County staff provided maps, publications, project announcements and handouts describing the survey needs and process to those present. Assistance from community individuals was requested in an effort to gain permission for property access to homes and sites within the district and assistance in gathering historical information about the resources to be surveyed.

The Pine Grove Community Rhubarb Festival on June 12, 2004, provided the opportunity for the survey team and the Jefferson County Historical Commission to erect a tent and set up a display related to the survey/nomination project. Survey consultants participated, gathering general information, leads about specific properties and owners and recommendations for both interview subjects and local history sources.

A second community meeting on August 1, 2004, was hosted at the Pine Grove Community Church and was attended by approximately 25 interested community members. Many asked questions about the implications of the project, especially how the survey information would be used. Several attendees invited survey consultants to their homes to view historical materials relevant to house history research. The status of the project was reviewed and reported.

In May 2005, the Jefferson County Historical Commission hosted the first in its planned annual series of historic preservation workshops at the Morrison Town Hall. Participants were staff and board members of preservation and history organizations in the county, county and local officials with an interest in historic preservation, and members of the JCHC. These representatives reported on their most significant preservation initiatives and the JCHC discussed its mandate, role, process of work and priorities. The survey consultants made a long presentation regarding their work. The team provided a summary of the process of intensive level survey and of the development of a National Register nomination, using the work on the North Fork project as the example.

A third community meeting and dinner was held on Saturday, October 22, 2005, in Buffalo Creek. The project team presented an overview of the findings, a slide show of architectural features in the North Fork’s communities, a preliminary proposal for thistoric district boundary adjustments and information regarding National Register district status and implications for property owners. Community members expressed both support and concern. The project team recorded areas of specific concern regarding National Register district boundaries.

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A fourth community meeting and dinner was held on Saturday February 10, 2007 in Buffalo Creek. The County and consultants presented the final status of the project and explained the direction the project would take relative to a limited boundary amendment. The team also presented an historical overview of the district and its communities.

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North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Historic Context and Significance Overview

SECTION 4 HISTORIC CONTEXT AND SIGNIFICANCE OVERVIEW

North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Historic Context and Significance Overview

Section 4: Historic Context and Significance Overview

Significance Overview

The North Fork Historic District, as listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 and reassessed in 2004-06, is significant in several areas, dates and time periods under Criterion A: “Associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history.”

The period of significance in the 1974 nomination is 1878 to 1938. The 2007 amendment is only a boundary amendment and therefore the period of significance from the 1974 nomination remains in effect. Section 7 of this report recommends a future comprehensive amendment to the 1974 nomination that would include expansion of the period and areas of significance. The following is the recommended significance and context information that can be used as a basis for the future comprehensive amendment.

The recommended Period of Significance for a future comprehensive amendment is 1878 to 1957. This time period begins with the construction of the railroad lines through the Platte Canyon in which this district lies, and ends at the 50-year mark, or 1957. While some settlement in the area pre-dates 1878, this year marked the defining opening of the area to settlement, industry and visitation. Some of the activities begun during the years shortly after 1878 are significant today.

The North Fork Historic District’s past mirrors that of many communities in the mountain regions of Colorado and the American West from the 1870s to the middle of the 20th Century. Lying along a river corridor into the heart of precious-metal-bearing mountains, the area became the route of railroad access to mining operation. Subsequent settlement brought activities related to the growth of scenic tourism as a leisure activity, extractive industries of several types, and local ranching and agricultural ventures.

The district is important in four Areas of Significance, each with specific dates of applicable importance. These are noted in order of significance.

Transportation: Railroads Transportation, “the process and technology of conveying passengers or materials,” is significant as related to the railroad. From the 1878 construction of the Denver, South Park and Pacific Railway through the canyon to the 1937 final train run and subsequent removal of the rails, the railroad was the primary access to the region, and the most significant transportation element for industry and passenger traffic. The period of significance is 1878-1937 and significant dates are 1878 and 1937.

The completion of the transcontinental railroad by the Union Pacific and the 1870 link from Denver to , , the closest point on the transcontinental to Colorado’s cities, prompted a flurry of railroad building into the Colorado mountains. Following creek and river valleys, engineers surveyed dozens of routes, searching for the least challenging paths to the gold fields. Many lines employed narrow gauge technology which reduced the digging and grading in cutting the roadbed and allowed access through the tight curves of river valleys and mountain passes. With completion of railways, ore was shipped to processing sites. Goods and equipment for the growing communities were transported in return. With time, many railroads

4 - 1 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Historic Context and Significance Overview promoted themselves to tourists regionally and nationally, highlighting the scenic natural environments of the mountains and the increasing interest in outdoor leisure and recreation.

The building of the Denver, South Park & Pacific Railroad along the North Fork of the South Platte River and over to South Park eventually led to the mining center of Leadville. Like most railways of the era, the motivation for its construction was purely financial. Investors and corporations changed names and organizational structures in attempts to expand holdings, capitalize on the precious metal booms and maximize profits for shareholders. As time passed, the railroad expanded its focus to transport other area products, including timber, ice, stone, and agricultural products, and became the access for a growing area scenic tourism industry in the North Fork canyon.

Entertainment/Recreation: Tourism Entertainment and Recreation, “the development and practice of leisure activities for refreshment, diversion, amusement or sport,” was at its most important from the 1878 completion of the rail lines to 1957. Promoted as a prime area for scenic travel for over 60 years, the district was home to resorts, seasonal houses and recreation facilities. Although the district is increasingly the home of year-round residents, the seasonal cycle of recreation visitation remains a significant element in the life of the area today. The period of significance is 1878 – 1957.

Even as U. S. Army officer Stephen Long in 1820 called the central portion of the American West the “Great American Desert,” the region attracted visitors seeking to witness the drama of the topography, to explore the ruggedness of the landscape, and to find respite in the natural environment. Early tourists wrote about their experiences, bringing celebrity to areas of the West including Yellowstone, Estes Park, Pike’s Peak, Long’s Peak, the Cache la Poudre Valley, and South Park. As the railroads extended their lines to reach the rich mining regions of the state, these same lines realized profits from carrying tourists through the dramatic routes of the rails. Promotional materials featured images by famed photographers and were distributed by railroad corporations across the nation. In response, communities, hotels, resorts, seasonal cabins and other outdoor recreation facilities sprang up along the rail lines, catering to the influx of the touring public and the summer-season residents alike. Many such communities in the developed over time into stable year-round towns with commercial services for the surrounding homesteads and ranches.

The North Fork valley of the South Platte River was known as a scenic destination prior to the arrival of the railroad in 1878. Early settlers in the valley named the outposts in honor of the area’s natural beauty with names like Longview and Park Siding (the original name of Foxton). Following the completion of the railway of the Denver, South Park and Pacific, the area was promoted in brochures, photographs, guidebooks and railroad publications, spurring day-trip, overnight, short-term and seasonal visitors to the canyon. Many of the towns grew in response to the increasing tourist traffic, and additional stops along the rail line were added for the convenience of fishermen, picnic travelers, hikers and resort guests. While many of the homes within the valley have been converted to year-round occupancy, many still remain seasonally- occupied, carrying on the tradition of respite and recreation in this river corridor into the heart of the mountains.

Industry: Extractive Industries

4 - 2 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Historic Context and Significance Overview

Industry, “the technology and process of managing materials, labor, and equipment to produce goods and services,” is significant in the district in the area of extractive industry during the period of the railroad activity: 1878 – 1937. The area’s rich resources of timber, granite, gravel, mica and ice were processed and shipped to cities across the nation. Much of this industry had declined by the abandonment of the railroad. The period of significance is 1878 – 1937.

Colorado’s mountains hold a wealth of natural resources, many of which were, and remain today, in great demand by industry. The early rush to the gold and silver fields demanded sources of timber for mine framing, building construction, and railroad ties. Extensive logging to meet the enormous and continually growing demand for logs depleted timbered areas surrounding most towns, and eventually laid bare broad swaths of the mountain highlands. Likewise, although precious metals and mineral products were mined throughout the region, stone for buildings in the mountain communities and the growing cities of the Front Range was sought through the region’s hard-rock quarries and shipped by wagon and rail to the east. While some quarries were mined out, others were identified and production increased along with new mineral resources for new markets.

The mountains surrounding the North Fork area of study held vast quantities of quality stone and acres of timber stands. The logging operations arrived early in the area’s settlement history, as timbers for railroad ties were in demand for railroad construction on a continual basis. At one point, ten sawmills operated out of Buffalo Creek, shipping completed ties to follow the extending railroad paths. Timber was also valued for telegraph poles, fencing and building construction and the North Fork communities supplied materials for all such activities. Mineral extraction was not a major business in the North Fork area, but stone and rock products were located at several quarries, producing significant volumes of building stone, gravel and sand, and mica from the earliest years of settlement. The state’s earliest granite quarry was located within the valley. This production increased with growing railroad operations, and stone was shipped from the region surrounding the North Fork to Denver, other points in Colorado and out of state. Finally, an extractive industry facilitated by the activity of the railroad was harvesting of ice from area ponds. This was an important winter industry and ice operations were present in most of the communities of the canyon. Railroad documents record large numbers of box cars filled with ice packed in hay being transported to the cities of the east and internationally.

Agriculture: Ranching Agriculture, “the process and technology of cultivating soil, producing crops and raising livestock and plants,” was significant in the area in the form of ranching from 1878 to 1937. The mountain ranching tradition was active both in the valley and up the creek tributaries outside the district, but the communities of the North Fork canyon provided access and services to outlying ranch operations because of the access to the railroad. One major ranch continues to raise livestock, but current transportation is by truck outside the canyon. The period of significance is 1878 – 1937.

Agriculture in the foothills and mountain areas of Colorado focused upon ranching and the cultivation of hay and feed crops for animals. Beef and dairy cattle were the primary livestock, with some sheep. Horses were raised for farm use and freighting. The short growing season limited cultivation and hay was grown for feed and sale. Cattle grazed in the meadows of the high country and in the lush valleys, but required significant acreage to support a herd. Open range extended through a large portion of the mountains and some areas included designated public or underdeveloped private land. The leasing of grazing land from the federal government or the railroad companies allowed many ranchers to support their work. Cattle were driven to markets at

4 - 3 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Historic Context and Significance Overview the railheads in the Front Range cities for shipment to the east. The spread of the railroad lines and the building of toll roads into many regions of the mountains improved access to markets, as cattle shipped by rail was often more profitable. By the third decade of the 20th century, cattle were sent by truck to market, allowing flexibility in the destination of the livestock.

Although only one large ranch, the Swan Hereford, lies within the boundaries of the North Fork Historic District, additional mid-sized and small ranches lay in the mountains away from the river valleys. The towns of the North Fork canyon were the commercial centers for supplies, mail, shipping, and community life, and included the ranch populations within the broader community. Many ranchers arrived in the area as workers in the timber, railroad, quarrying and other industries, and applied for homesteads within the valley or in the creek valleys leading into the mountains. Some were immigrants accustomed to the climate and the mountain environment. Buffalo Creek became the regional center of cattle shipment with the construction of a livestock loading chute adjacent to the Green Mercantile, facilitating the transport of cattle and horses by rail to Denver.

Historic Context Overview Prehistory and Exploration

The rich regions of the eastern Rocky Mountains were home to native peoples for thousands of years. Indigenous groups roamed the upper woodlands and the river and creek valleys in cycles of use, seeking game animals, plant foods and material resources plentiful thorough the area. While some bands and extended families established camps and seasonal settlements in rock shelters and protected spots on the landscape, most sites in the heart of the mountain region were occupied on a seasonal basis.

The principal valley of what is now called the North Fork of the South Platte River was one such seasonal encampment area with its resources of wood, fish and game, among others. Until the middle of the nineteenth century, bands of Ute, Cheyenne and wandered the valley and surrounding highlands, occasionally joined by other plains peoples. While living primarily at lower elevations during the colder seasons of the year, these groups followed the animal migrations. After the Spanish settled the American Southwest in the early Seventeenth Century, the horse was introduced and ushered in broad cultural change. Native peoples more efficiently followed the large bison herds of the plains and the migrating large animals of the mountain foothills and meadows, including the areas which are now portions of Jefferson County. While few long-occupation archaeological sites are recorded within the current North Fork Historic District, many sites and camps are located in close proximity to the valley and neighboring towns.1

With the opening of the nineteenth century and the expansion of the American national boundaries to the west, the Rocky Mountains became the focus of intense regional exploration. Several important creeks whose canyons opened into the South Platte River were avenues to the heart of the mountains, offering possible routes to the plateau and basin region further to the west. In addition, these valleys provided access to the many beaver and game animals of the region

1 E. Steve Cassells. The Archaeology of Colorado. Revised Edition. Johnson Books, Boulder, Colorado, 1997. Chapter 7: “The Archaic” and Chapter 9: “The Post-Archaic of Eastern Colorado.”

4 - 4 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Historic Context and Significance Overview whose pelts and fur were eagerly sought by eastern markets in the first half of the century. Trappers and traders traversed the canyons, and probably were some of the earliest Euro- Americans to encounter what is now the North Fork area.

With the gold strikes of 1858 along , the region was over-run with prospectors, laborers and supply businessmen in search of quick riches. Gold-seekers flooded the mountains from around the globe, following the creeks, filing mountainside claims, cutting trees for construction and mines, and carving roads and trails across the landscape. As many as 100,000 migrants crossed the plains to the “Pike’s Peak” region. As they pushed into the heart of the mountains, they pushed the natives from their traditional homelands and hunting grounds. By the end of the 1860s, most indigenous bands were gone and, within another decade, all were relocated to government reservations in Oklahoma or the southwestern region of the state. The land was open for settlement and development with the mountain regions offering a wealth of resources for homesteaders and developers.

Early Settlements

The gold played out quickly in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains, and those who had traveled west seeking fortunes often made the decision to stay and settle in the newly-opened land. Many sought to establish homes and farms on the , while others chose to move into the creek valleys and high meadows of the mountain core. Although limited by colder temperatures, higher elevations and shorter growing seasons, these early homesteaders founded the earliest of the mountain ranches in the hills above Denver. Several early operations were established in the North Fork valley and in the creek drainages above the river, including those at what is now Pine Valley Ranch, Swan Hereford Ranch (originally Higgenson Ranch; site 5JF.189.6) and Meyer Ranch. All of these sites were founded in the 1870s.

In the early years, access to these ranches was by wagon generally over rough roadways carved through the forested areas of the foothills and ridges. Although a number of well-used toll roads and commercial wagon roads were constructed by private groups into many areas of Jefferson County in the 1860s and 1870s, none came into the North Fork valley or along the river prior to the construction of the railroad. Ranchers drove cattle by foot to the markets in Denver, stopping to feed their livestock in the meadows and low-altitude parks along the route. The forests provided lumber for local construction and for wagon shipment to the growing cities at the base of the mountains, and the region gradually developed an early timber industry. By 1866 ice was harvested from area ponds and creeks and also packed for transport to Denver. Area ranchers and farmers participated in the activities of the Platte Canyon Grange and Patrons of Husbandry as early as 1873, when the local news announced new organization officers. 2

By the middle of the 1870s, events in the boom town of Leadville began to shape the future of the North Fork valley. Although the Leadville sits near the headwaters of the Arkansas River, which emerges from the mountains near Pueblo, Leadville’s location made it more easily accessed via other drainages, and over the surrounding passes on its north and east. The gold strikes of that region slowly diminished by the early 1870s and the rush to cross the passes into California Gulch ended. However, the mountains around Leadville were full of silver, and by the middle of the decade, the opening of a new-technology smelter for silver processing started a second boom for miners. Access by rail was the greatest need, and railroad companies were incorporated to

2Rocky Mountain News. June 21, 1866, p.1; May 2, 1866, p. l.; October 19, 1973, p.2.

4 - 5 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Historic Context and Significance Overview develop rail lines across the most promising routes.3 One of these routes lay along the North Fork of the South Platte River, known as the Platte Canon, from Waterton to above Bailey, across into South Park and thence north to Breckenridge and south to Leadville.

The Coming of the Railroad

Even before the first train steamed into Denver from the main Union Pacific transcontinental line through Cheyenne, Wyoming in 1870, plans were underway to extend the linkage of the rails. Investors envisioned lines to the south through Colorado Springs and Pueblo to Santa Fe and the American Southwest, and into the mountains along creek drainages leading to the easiest of the high passes toward the rich mineral centers of the . By 1872, the train line to Pueblo was complete, and work had begun on small narrow-gauge tracks leading to the central mountains and the western ranges of Colorado.

One of the companies founded that year was the Denver, South Park, and Pacific Railroad (DSP&P, generally known as and henceforth the South Park). Colorado Governor John Evans was one of the principals of the corporation. The company planned to construct a narrow-gauge rail line from Denver to Morrison, thence up the South Platte Canyon, crossing South Park and Poncha Pass into the San Luis Valley to the community of Del Norte and onward into the rich mining areas of the southwestern San Juan Mountains on the way to the Pacific. Planning for steam locomotives on three-foot tracks, the company laid its first rails from Union Station in Denver to Morrison. Not much progress was made until the Leadville boom in 1878 diverted the company leadership from the far west, making the high-altitude town its target destination. The line never reached either the Pacific or the San Juan Mountains region. However, a total of 339 miles of mainline and narrow-gauge track was eventually built, crossing the Continental Divide several times (twice over 11,000 feet in elevation) and penetrating the narrowest of river canyons along the South Platte and the Arkansas rivers.4

The South Park line was shorter, with a rail route of only 170 miles between Denver and Leadville by way of the Platte Canyon, than that of its major competitor the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad (D&RGRR). See figure 4. The race to be the first railroad into Leadville was intense, and the South Park construction was revived in earnest with the track reaching the fork of the South Platte River at the young settlement known as South Platte by the spring of 1878. Continuing the line at a furious pace, the crews reached the famed geologic feature Dome Rock on June 7, 1878. Getting to the small settlement of Buffalo Creek on June 17, the train arrived in Pine Grove on July 8. See figure 3Within weeks, the tracks extended to what is now Bailey, some 47 miles from Junction outside Denver. Progress over Kenosha Pass was slower, and the line eventually reached Buena Vista in 1880.5 Facing the opposition in building a line up the narrow Arkansas River Valley, the South Park joined with the D&RGRR to share trackage for the final segment. In addition, the South Park, now under the control of the Union Pacific, constructed a second line into Leadville by way of Como and Breckenridge known as the Leadville High Line completed in 1884.6 See figure 4.

3Carl Abbott, Stephen J. Leonard and David McComb. Colorado – A History of the Centennial State. Revised Edition. Colorado Associated University Press, Niwot, 1982; p. 102 4 Lucius Beebe and Charles Clegg. Narrow Gauge in the Rockies. Berkeley, California: Howell – North, 1958; p. 124. 5 David Rainey. “The Platte Canyon Railroad” in Historically JeffCo, Volume 1, No. 1, Summer 1988, p. 6; Mallory Hope Ferrell. The South Park Line. Hindman Publishing (no place), 2003, p. 19. 6 Beebe and Clegg, p. 125.

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Figure 4 North Fork Historic District Tourist Map of Colorado North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Historic Context and Significance Overview

The construction of the railroad through the Platte Canyon, especially through the segments on either side of the confluence of the North Fork into the South Platte, was an engineering achievement in its day. Several commentators labeled the canyon as almost impassable and the work of preparing a roadbed represented one of the most difficult track construction efforts in the Rocky Mountain region. Laid out by the South Park’s chief engineer Leonard Eicholtz, the work included both blasting the steep canyon walls to create the long sections of railroad bench and grading the line to between 60 and 137 feet of rise per mile of track in the narrow canyon. Rails were supplied from Cincinnati, Ohio, and the bridges from Chicago, but the enormous number of railroad ties came from the forested hills above the canyon.7 The few settlements along the route soon included sawmills and lumber yards to meet the demand for ties during the 1878 season and subsequent years.

Town-building and Commercial Growth

The arrival of the railroad opened the North Fork region to settlement and business growth almost immediately. Former lumber camps like Buffalo Creek became important supply points. Small clusters of homes and buildings in the valley and up the adjacent creek drainages became the sites of railroad labor housing and support. Named places such as South Platte, Park Siding (later renamed Foxton), Buffalo Creek and Pine Grove became formal stops along the train’s route. See figures 5 and 6. The completion of the track to each community was well-recorded. Additional stops were added as settlements were established along the rail line in the canyon and on the slopes above the river. The population increased enough by the early 1880s that the Denver newspapers noted the growing communities in the Platte Canyon and South Park regions. Along the North Fork, several towns were formally platted in the subsequent years: Buffalo Creek in 1881, Pine Grove in 1886 and Buffalo Creek Park in 1888.8

The towns of Buffalo Creek and Pine Grove became the regional centers for business. By 1880, Buffalo Creek was listed among “Small Towns and Settlements” in the Colorado State Business Directory with two blacksmiths, two sawmills, one general mercantile and a saloon in addition to the railroad station master and postmaster. Three years later, the directory listed a hotel and a butcher. Pine’s first entry in 1883 cited a population of 40 with two general stores and two lumber businesses. In 1900, the directory noted Pine Grove’s population had grown to 100, and a barber and shoemaker joined the list of local businessmen in the young town.9

Within the next decade, other towns grew, with several additional locales listed in the Denver newspapers and the state business logs. South Platte, although established in 1876, was finally noted in the Colorado State Business Directory in 1900 with a population of 40 and a hotel, general merchandise store and saloon accompanying the entries for a post office and rail stop. Unfortunately, that same year, flooding in the canyon washed out the South Platte post office and caused other damage to upstream properties.10

7 Mallory Hope Ferrell, The South Park Line, Hindeman Publishing (no place), 2003, p. 19. 8 Cathleen Norman. The Historic Context Report. Unpublished Manuscript prepared for the Jefferson County Planning and Zoning Department and the Jefferson County Historical Commission as part of SHF Grants 00-M1-34 and 01-02-089. Lakewood, CO, Preservation Publishing, 2002; p. 114-115; Sara E. Robbins. Jefferson County, Colorado: The Colorful Past of a Great Community. Lakewood, The Jefferson County Bank, 1962, p. 34, 41; Rocky Mountain News, January 11, 1881, p. 3. 9 Colorado State Business Directory. Denver, James R. Ives, Publisher, 1880, 1883, 1890. 10 ibid. 1900; The Denver Times, May 4, 1900, p. 1.

4 - 7 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Historic Context and Significance Overview

Towns gained not only new business during these decades, but added community and civic organizations and institutions. Schools were founded in several places to serve local needs. In South Platte, school was held as early as 1878. Pine Grove was served by the Pine Grove Gulch School, located several miles from town west up the gulch toward what is now Pine Junction at Highway 285, by the early 1880s. Buffalo Creek’s first school opened in 1889. Although children in Park Siding received instruction, a formal school was not opened until the early years of the Twentieth Century and the re-naming of the town as Foxton.11 The establishment of additional schools, plus expansions and relocations of local schools continued into the 1950s, after which Jefferson County consolidation closed all the schools in the South Platte and Pine Grove school districts.

Scenery and the Leisure Industry

The greatest boost to local physical and economic growth in the North Fork valley was the immediate popularity of the canyon as a tourist destination. Even before the construction of the railroad, several geological locales were named and widely published as scenic wonders. These vistas included Cathedral Spires and Dome Rock, as well as the canyon narrows along the eastern portion of the river’s course. Added to these attractions was the drama of the railroad itself, winding through the narrow curves beneath high steep rock cliffs and passing through open valleys and creek outlets. Famed photographers of the era, including William Henry Jackson, took advantage of the rail access to the area to create memorable images of the natural surroundings.

The Denver, South Park, and Pacific Railroad quickly began to promote the South Park Line as a venue for sightseeing in the heart of the mountains. While the primary intent of the railroad construction had been transport of industrial and mining products and equipment, passenger traffic soon became a significant portion of the company’s business. As early as June 1878, even before the tracks reached Buffalo Creek, the Denver newspapers announced a new picnic area along the South Park Line in the canyon. Two years later, the town of South Platte was featured as a tourist destination.12

To attract leisure travelers the railroad produced numerous brochures, pamphlets and tourist guides to the region. Boasting incomparable vistas and topography, the company commissioned impressive photographs, staged images of visitors at sites along the rail line, built additional stations and train stops at scenic areas and developed package trips including transit, meals and fishing equipment for day trips to the North Fork area. One such publication, entitled “South Park and the Alpine Pass,” described the trip: “The scene from the [train] car window was the loveliest on the continent…the writer or the painter has never lived who could convey … the surpassing beauty and grandeur of this spot.” In 1886, the company organized a “Photographers’ Special” train with numerous stops in the Platte Canyon; one of the cars was equipped with a darkroom for processing large glass plate negatives. Noted photographers Jackson and George E. Mellen of Colorado Springs both took advantage of this special train service.13

11 Phoebe Granzella. A Century of Jefferson County Mountain Area Schools. Golden, CO, Jefferson County Historical Commission, June 1993, p. 20-28. 12 Rocky Mountain News, June 5, 1878, p. 4, and October 20, 1880, p. 4. 13 Denver, South Park and Pacific Railroad. “South Park and Alpine Pass” brochure of the Passenger Department, South Park Line, Denver, 1986, p. 6; Ferrell, p. 215.

4 - 8 Figure 5 North Fork Historic District Denver South Park & Pacific Schedule

North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Historic Context and Significance Overview

When traffic increased, the company added more train capacity and upgraded tourist services. By the 1885 publication of Crofutt’s Gripsack Guide of Colorado, the book noted that “two express trains leave Denver daily over this road, and both fully supplied with all the modern equipment – Pullman, drawing-room sleeping cars, etc.” During the following decade, the railroad built hotels and resorts throughout the region, promoted fishing, hiking and picnic activities and instituted the weekend “Fish Train” that left Denver early in the morning and returned at dusk, transporting fishermen to and from the trout-laden Platte Canyon. Resorts flourished in the area; many were listed in the business directories of Pine Grove, Buffalo Creek, South Platte and Foxton after the turn of the twentieth century. The Denver press reported the resorts “attracted crowds” in great numbers. The area was still featured regularly in regional news and advertising, with the Rocky Mountain News highlighting the canyon in 1934 with the headline “South Platte Canon a Virtual Paradise.”14

Although short-visit tourist traffic was an increasingly important part of the North Fork area economy, long-term and seasonal visitors were also attracted to the area. Many of the homes constructed in small communities like Longview, Ferndale, Foxton and Buffalo Creek Park were commissioned by owners who lived most of the time in Denver or cities to the east, spending summer months in the mountains. Some came for health reasons, but most for cooler weather and scenic beauty. Families relocated for the summer while their fathers and husbands commuted to the retreats from Denver for the weekends. For some of the settlements along the river, especially Ferndale, the only access for passengers, baggage and supplies was via the railroad. With 14 named train stops in the canyon from South Platte to Pine Grove by the 1920s, most residents were easily served by the railroad.15 Increased access for automobiles after about 1910 increased the tourist activities and allowed seasonal residents more opportunity for regional travel.

Regional Industries

The railroad also facilitated the growth of several significant extractive industries in the area adjacent to and within the North Fork valley. The earliest to grow was the lumber industry, which was underway by the mid-1860s in the hills above Pine Grove and Buffalo Creek. Sawmills were among the earliest industrial buildings constructed in the region and appear in the first local business listings for the towns. The Platte Canyon Lumber Company, while not within the North Fork district, was cutting timber in the neighboring hills by 1866, and was cited the following year when the Rocky Mountain News reported one of its sawmills had burned. With the construction of the rail line, the North Fork region had become the supply center for railroad ties through the canyon and into both Kenosha Pass and South Park. As many as ten sawmills prepared ties for the work in Pine Grove, with other mills working in Buffalo Creek and in the canyon west of Pine Grove. The demand for lumber continued after the completion of the line, as booming construction in Denver, Golden and surrounding towns increased demand for timber and housing supplies. Sawmills featured prominently in the Pine Grove entry for the Colorado State Business Directory from 1883 through 1910.16

14 George Crofutt. Crofutt’s Gripsack Guide of Colorado. Omaha, , The Overland Publishing Company, 1885. Reprinted: Boulder, CO, Johnson Publishing Co, 1981. p. 46; Colorado State Business Directory, 1900, 1910, 1920; Denver Times. June 14, 1901, p. 9; Rocky Mountain News, August 15, 1934, p. 9. 15 Colorado and Southern Railway. “Platte Canon Time Card and Fares – Summer 1927,” Denver. 16Colorado State Business Directory. 1880 – 1900; Rocky Mountain News, June 21, 1866, p. 1 and January 15, 1867, p. 3.

4 - 9 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Historic Context and Significance Overview

Likewise, an early export was ice. First transported to Denver and surroundings by wagon, ice was a significant product of the North Fork area during winter months. Like many mountain regions, the North Fork area was cold enough for standing water in small ponds to freeze for most of the winter. Ice blocks cut from these ponds were packed in straw and shipped by rail to Denver, where businesses and residences stored the blocks in cellars, ice houses and insulated ice boxes for warm weather use. Noted in the Rocky Mountain News in 1866, the Platte Canyon Ice Company was soon joined by other specialty firms and by general merchandise entrepreneurs in the valley’s towns.17 Volume slowly increased, as recorded in the railroad’s reports for shipments in the years 1923-1927. The volume of ice transported averaged 27,220 tons, with the largest volume loaded in Buffalo Creek and Crystal Lake. Volume dropped in the years prior to the railroad’s 1937 abandonment, almost ceasing by 1940.18

Stone and mineral products were mined in the hills above the canyon, then shipped to Denver and cities to the east. Primary among these products was finished granite stone. Cut from the quarries above Argyle and up several of the gulches on the north side of the river, the granite was used in buildings as far away as Omaha, Nebraska, as well in local buildings such as the Green Mercantile in Buffalo Creek (5JF192), rebuilt following a fire in 1898. Dense-grained and even in strength, the stone was selected as the primary material for the Cheesman Dam in 1903-05. Thousands of tons were shipped in the early years of the railroad access, falling off by the second quarter of the twentieth century. Other minerals sent over the rails to processing and markets included ores of silver and gold, salt, mica used in the manufacture of paint, clay, gravel, slate and coal. In addition, hay, cattle and sheep from the region traveled to the stockyards of Denver.19

Railroad Decline and Abandonment

Between 1878 and the end of the century the railroad corporation changed several times. The Union Pacific Railroad had gained control over the Denver, South Park, and Pacific on January 1, 1881. The larger corporation, with its important transcontinental lines and major rail arteries to the east, was not interested in the smaller narrow-gauge runs into small communities of the mountains beyond their use as feeder lines or branch lines to standard gauge track in Denver. After 1884, the South Park Line operated at a deficit, in part because of the decline of mining activity in Leadville and Gunnison, but also because much mountain traffic was discouraged by higher tariffs and costs for changing freight from one width transport to another. In August 1889, the Denver, South Park and Pacific was re-organized as the Denver, Leadville and Gunnison Railway Company, still under Union Pacific control. Four years later, the system went into receivership, and in 1884, local interests regained control of the narrow gauge portions of the company operations. Over the next few years, much maintenance was completed, including improvements to tracks, stations and rolling stock.20

Business along the line improved in the decades following construction. In 1899, the Colorado and Southern Railroad assumed operational control and ownership over the Denver, Leadville and Gunnison. The new owners increasingly promoted the regional tourist attractions. In its first

17 Rocky Mountain News, May 2, 1866, p. 1 18 Colorado and Southern Railway; “Platte Canyon Abandonment – Volume 3: Exhibit 6-A, Commodities Handled” Colorado Historical Society Manuscript Collection 1219, Stephen Hart Library. 1935. 19ibid, Exhibit 6-A; M. C. Poor. Denver, South Park and Pacific: Memorial Edition. Denver, Rocky Mountain Railroad Club, 1976, p. 125. 20 Ferrell, p. 203-204.

4 - 10 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Historic Context and Significance Overview year, the Colorado and Southern reported a $1 million profit on its tourist lines. New images, some by Harry Buckwalter and Charles Weitfle, filled the company pamphlets.21

The emergence of automobile ownership signaled the end of the railroad in the North Fork and South Park areas. Car travel allowed almost unlimited access to broad swaths of natural scenery as well as to towns and tourist amenities away from the immediate surroundings of the rail lines. In addition, automobile roads provided direct one-vehicle shipping for some regional products and industrial materials. From its highest shipping levels in the 1910s and 1920s, the Colorado and Southern recorded slow but consistent declines in total volumes of freight shipped in almost all categories. By the early to mid-1930s, the profit from commercial shipments was all but gone, and the expanding automobile industry attracted most leisure tourists.

The Colorado and Southern first proposed abandoning the line in the early 1930s and over several years compiled documentation to support its request to the Interstate Commerce Commission. The formal hearings began in early 1936, continuing for several months. Numerous local citizens and state officials filed protests and testified at the hearings, fearing economic hardship and regional isolation. The company offered rebuttals for most concerns and provided extensive data on declining rail line use, profit and income, the last dropping from over $700,000 in 1910 to $254,000 in 1934. The company’s request to abandon the line was approved by the end of the year.22 The last train, pulled by Engine #9, left Denver’s Union Station on Friday, April 19, 1937, and made its last run out of Leadville the following day.

Within months, the company began removing the lines, the last of which were pulled by autumn of 1938. The rail bed was converted to an automobile roadway as quickly as possible and the valley was finally connected from one end to the other by a road accessible to motorized vehicles, pedestrians and others. By 1940, few vestiges of the railroad remained and the culture of the train resort lifestyle vanished.

After 1940

Although the North Fork area has maintained its role as a regional tourism and natural scenic recreation locale up to the present day, the type, duration and format of such tourism changed following the abandonment of the rail line. Beginning in the late 1930s, this change was visible in the local community entries in the Colorado State Business Directories; as the years passed into the late 1950s, the businesses providing services to visitors were increasingly catering to day-trip tourists, outdoor recreation practitioners, short-stay guests and shoppers. The last sawmill is listed in the 1941 edition for Pine. New gas stations, cafes, gift shops and service centers replaced many of the resorts, guest ranch complexes, rental cabins and seasonal housing developments that

21 Ibid., p. 204. 22 Poor, p. 398; United States Interstate Commerce Commission. Finance Docket No. 7132; In the Matter of the Application of the Colorado and Southern Railway Company for a Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity Authorizing It to Abandon a Part of its Branch Line of Railroad Extending from Denver to Leadville, Commonly Known as its Platte Canon Line, Together with Certain Branches Thereof. Abstract of Record of Protestants and Intervenors: Denver, Colorado, February 26, 1936; Brief on Further Hearing for Colorado and Southern Railway Company, Chicago, Illinois, February 27, 1936; Abstract of Testimony Taken on Further Hearing: And Relied Upon by the Colorado and Southern Railway, Chicago, Illinois, February 27, 1936. Chicago, State Law Publishing Company, 1936.

4 - 11 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Historic Context and Significance Overview proliferated in the area in earlier decades.23 An increasing proportion of the population in the valley became year-round residents, many of whom retired to the communities.

In tandem with this change, increased commercial, residential and transportation development into the surrounding areas along Highway 285 focused economic enterprise and industry away from the North Fork communities. The trend continued with the dramatic growth of areas such as Conifer as commuter centers for the expanding in the 1950s through the 1990s. Another significant element of this development was the consolidation of schools and school districts in the mid-1950s. Local schools were closed and pupils bussed to larger facilities in centralized areas of the county. Post offices also consolidated during this period. By the end of the twentieth century most of the service providers and shopping outlets used by the residents lay along Highway 285, leaving few specialty businesses in the valley.

One of the major ongoing issues in the canyon concerns the future of water development in the larger region of the mountains and the South Platte watershed. As early as 1902, a dam below the confluence of the north and south forks of the river was proposed by the Denver Union Water Company. The project was superceded by the Cheesman Dam built 1903-1905. The idea lay dormant until 1950 when growth in the Denver metropolitan area increased pressure on water resources. The proposed Two Forks Dam was vetoed, only to re-emerge in 1974. Although defeated a second time, the scheme gathered powerful and vocal advocates and was proposed once more in the 1980s with even stronger support. Despite reductions in the size and impacts of such a dam, it would inundate communities in the current historic district from South Platte to as far upstream as Foxton, much of which is under the ownership of the Denver Water Board. The issue of the dam continues to haunt the North Fork area, as well as its neighboring valley of South Fork to the Cheesman Dam above Deckers.24

The historical significance of the area has been recognized over the past 30 years. Several buildings in the North Fork valley have been listed on the National Register of Historic Places and the State Register of Historic Properties, while others are designated as Jefferson County Historic Landmarks. The Foxton Post Office was featured in the 2001 Most Endangered Places list by Colorado Preservation, Inc. The area along the river and its adjacent communities from South Platte to Pine Grove comprises the North Fork Historic District, listed on the National Register in 1974. As part of the recent work of the Jefferson County Historical Commission, several of the buildings throughout the district have gained recognition as county landmarks and several have received funding through the Colorado Historical Society’s State Historical Fund for preservation initiatives.

.

23 Colorado State Business Directory, various editions 1935 – 1956.

24Neil Fletcher, editor. “Water Development and the Tourist Industry” in Echoes of Forgotten Places: A Microcosm of Colorado History. Volume 1, Issue 5, December 2003, Published by the Mountain Artisans Arts Council, Woodland Park, CO, Great Divide Publishing, p. 7-8.

4 - 12 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Town Histories

SECTION 5 TOWN HISTORIES

North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Historic Context – Town Histories

Section 5: Town Histories

The area within the North Fork Historic District includes a number of distinct small areas and communities along the river’s course. While these share aspects of regional history, each has a unique history of settlement and development. In the following pages of Section 5, the individual histories of these areas are summarized. These are presented in geographical order from east to west from South Platte to Pine Grove (see figure 7). Included in the discussion of individual communities are historic overviews of the Argyle property, Riverview property and Swan Hereford Ranch just east of Pine Grove. Although these three are not towns, each has a history distinct from the adjacent settlements.

5 - 1

North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Historic Context – Town Histories

South Platte

South Platte, ca. 1899 – 1937 courtesy Denver Public Library Western History Photography Collection

The location of this site is mentioned as early as 1864/65 on maps showing the Overland Stage Lines. Once called Padonca or South Fork, the site was located at the confluence of the North and South forks of the South Platte River. Bridges across the rivers were attempted fairly early, but floods in 1864, 1875 and 1878 destroyed the first bridges, along with much of the development alongside the river banks. Although established as a railroad station with the construction of the Denver, South Park and Pacific Railway in 1878, the settlement was sparse and the townsite consisted of a few small buildings and a train siding. A post office called Symes was established

5 - 3 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Historic Context – Town Histories for the community and the surrounding areas in 1880.1 The following year, it was noted in Crofutt’s Gripsack Guide to Colorado as a stop on the scenic tour of the Platte Canyon.2

To accommodate the few children of the area, the South Platte School District No. 24 was established and included all of the settlements between South Platte and Buffalo Creek. Classes had been held in the district as early as 1878. In South Platte the school began in a private house, moving by the late 1890s to a separate facility.3

The South Platte Hotel was built in 1887 by Charles and Mata (Millie) Wallbracht, and soon became a popular stage stop and train stop. With 14 rooms, the hotel was also a local gathering place. The largest structure in town, the hotel faced the tracks of the Denver, South Park and Pacific lines, across from the depot. By 1900, the town’s population was 40, and the town boasted the hotel, railroad-related business and a general merchandise store. Five years later, the Wallbrechts expanded the hotel to include a saloon, and Mrs. Wallbracht had added the responsibility of post mistress for the community. South Platte had several new merchants, including an ice company, and was the starting point for A. D. Hackman’s stage line to Woodland Park.4

The town first appears in the Colorado State Business Directory in 1900, when it is noted as a “railroad station for the West Creek District” with a population of 40. J. S. Gardner operated a general merchandise and saloon and E. H. Jardine was the agent of the Pacific Exchange. Five years later, Jardine’s employer was listed as the C & S Railway, and the Blush Brothers were operating the Klondike Ice Company. The 1910 edition of the directory lists Jardine as the postmaster, but Mata Wallbracht resumed that responsibility within a few years.5

Sadie George, a young woman who used her camera and scrapbook to record summers in the Platte Canyon from 1911 to 1920, noted that there was a shooting in South Platte in 1911 and that the hotel burned to the ground in 19126. The Colorado Transport August 8 1912 issue reported that a stage driver deliberately set the fire and held several people hostage at gunpoint. It is presumed that the hotel was rebuilt shortly thereafter, as the County notes the construction date of the hotel as 1912.7 A published reminiscence by Elizabeth Kuskulis from this era describes the town of South Platte as being “on a triangle formed by the confluence of rivers and the tracks of the Leadville branch of the Colorado and Southern. Across the tracks [from the hotel] stood the station house and post office with a nearby taproom and small supply store.”8

The names of business proprietors changed little over the next several decades. Anthony Maurice took over the stage line about 1914, passing the business to L. Hickox by 1920, thence to Robert Corbin by 1930. The population notation remained at 40 in the directories through the final entry in 1941. That year, only four children attended the South Platte School, housed in a re-modeled

1 CWA Files, Colorado Historical Society, Stephen Hart Library; Rocky Mountain News, 27 Aug 1978. 2 George Crofutt. Crofutt’s Gripsack Guide to Colorado, Omaha, NE, The Overland Publishing Company, 1885; reprinted Boulder, CO, Johnson Printing Co., 1981. 3 Phoebe Granzella. A Century of Jefferson County Mountain Area Schools, Golden, CO, Jefferson County Historical Commission, 1993. 4Mary Helen Crain, “Down on the South Platte” in Canyon Courier, Volume 6, No. 20, May 19, 1960 5 Colorado State Business Directory, 1900, 1905, 1910. 6 Sadie Damon George, Scrapbooks in the collections of the Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, # C-385. 7Jefferson County Assessor Title Records and Common Schedule 8 Rocky Mountain News, 10 Feb 1957.

5 - 4 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Historic Context – Town Histories boxcar on a siding by the river. The school closed in 1944 and the remaining children were sent to Buffalo Creek.9

Charles Wallbrecht died between 1930 and 1935, and his widow remarried. In 1935, she was listed as the hotel proprietor under the name of Mrs. Mata W. Kinkel. She continued to serve as postmistress. In 1941, the post office closed in South Platte, and the area was served out of Sedalia. It is unclear when Mrs. Kinkel stopped working at the hotel. In 1953, the hotel was taken over by Harold and Mae Mitchell, who moved from Fort Collins. It was still in operation in 1960, but few other buildings remained in South Platte. While a portion of the community property was sold to the City and County of Denver in 1943, the remaining lots were acquired by the Denver Water Board in 1987.10

9 Colorado State Business Directories, 1915, 1920, 1930, 1935, 1941; Granzella, p. 28. 10 Crain, p. 1; Jefferson County Assessor Title Records and Common Schedule

5 - 5 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Historic Context – Town Histories

Longview

Longview ca 1930 Courtesy Colorado Historical Society

The small settlement of Longview was established in 1905 along the North Fork of the South Platte River, and adjacent to the Denver, South Park and Pacific Railway. Located about 22 miles south of Golden, and about one fourth mile from the famed Dome Rock, it is noted on the Dixie Oil Company map of the region in 1924. Later listings include the Colorado State Business Directory of 1930 and the Colorado Yearbook of 1935/36.11

Charles Hynes is noted as the founder of the community and was one of the first to own property at that location. He acquired four lots in the section along the river which afforded the best view, and constructed several small cabins. These were slowly expanded, but remained seasonal in use. Early in the town’s history Temple and James Beal erected a cabin on their large parcel in Longview. The town site commanded a view of many mountain peaks, including Pike’s Peak, 75 miles away. As more cabins were built, a post office was established. Both post office and train stop were named Longview from the original Hynes cabin of 1905.12 The town continued to be noted on postal maps, and was listed only once in the Colorado State Business Directory, the

11 CWA Files, Colorado Historical Society, Stephen Hart Library; Colorado State Business Directory, 1930; Dixie Oil Company Map 1924 (at Colorado Historical Society). 12Jefferson County Assessor Title Records

5 - 6 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Historic Context – Town Histories edition of 1930 when it was noted that Frank Thompson was the grocer and Ida M. Thompson the postmistress. Longview was described as being a “Post Office and Summer Resort in Platte Canon – Population in summer 76, Winter 10.”13

Postmistress Ida M. Thompson provided the most informative story about the town and this property in a 1934 description. Having been asked to submit a report about the post office operation and the surrounding community, she wrote:

[Longview] is traversed by the North Fork of the South Platte River. Its first mountain cabin was built by Charles Hynes – on an elevation which commanded a view of many mtn (sic) peaks ringed all around it. … altitude 6170 feet. … Northeast is Sheep Mountain, habitat of mule sheep, but certainly it had been an Indian camping ground, as flint arrowheads may still be found there. … down the river from Longview about 2 miles is South Platte … ¼ mile below is the site of the proposed Two Forks Dam, where the canon narrows to form a natural dam site.14

The settlement remained a resort area, noted in 1940 as a “vacation site only” by James O’Keefe, Chief Draftsman of the C & S Railroad. By the late twentieth century, several of the buildings had been converted to year-round use.15

13 Colorado State Business Directory, 1930 14 CWA Files, Colorado Historical Society, Stephen Hart Library, “Report by Postmistress Ida M Thompson, Longview, Jan. 27, 1934” 15 ibid; “Letter from James O’Keefe, April 17, 1940”

5 - 7 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Historic Context – Town Histories

Dome Rock

Dome Rock, ca. 1900 – 1920 courtesy Denver Public Library Western History Photography Collection

The small community of Dome Rock was named for the dramatic dome-shaped cliff which hovers over the site. Featured in tourist promotion, and photographed by famed individuals including William Henry Jackson, Dome Rock was one of the premiere natural features of the Denver, South Park and Pacific Railway route through the Platte Canyon. At 31 miles from Denver, the train stopped to provide access to the local residences and day visitors to the scenic area. The stop featured a small covered shelter as the train station, but no formal visitor facilities other than a footbridge across the river. Henry Gannolf’s Gazeteer of Colorado in 1906 hailed the site’s beauty, helping make the community a popular resort by the early years of the twentieth century.16 In 1910, the Colorado State Business Directory described the community as “a summer resort in the Platte Canyon and station on the C&S railway in Jefferson County. No business.”17

Although the town retains a few cabins of various ages, the Longview postmistress made note of only one remaining building in 1934. Ida M. Thompson wrote a report on her community and included some observations of the nearby settlements. Dated January 27, 1934, her discussion of Dome Rock is brief beyond a description of the rock formation of its fame:

16 Colorado and Southern Railway promotional materials; Colorado Historical Society Stephen Hart Library. 17Colorado State Business Directory 1910

5 - 8 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Historic Context – Town Histories

About ¼ mile up the river from Longview is a place called Dome Rock …[discussion of rocks]. There is still an old log structure standing that served as a sort of halfway house and saloon on the early treck [sic] to Leadville before the C & S was completed.18

The rock provided more than scenery and day-trip picnic visitors. On the south side of the river, two red granite quarries were mined for standardized dimension stone. Blocks were shipped to Denver and further east for building construction. While the Colorado Mineral Resources Board notes the quarries, its publications do not cite the names of the company owner or managers of the operations.19

A lighter-toned pink granite monument of stone from the area was used to honor train engineer Billy Westall who was killed on August 28, 1898 at a site near Dome Rock. He had saved the crew and passengers on board the train by stopping in time to avoid a collision with a rock slide, but he perished in the incident and was honored the following year with the dedication of the monument at the site of his death.20

The Dome Rock cabins were used only on a summer basis for much of their history, accessed by the road which replaced the railroad after 1937. Several have been converted to extended-season use.

18Henry Gannett, Gazetteer of Colorado, 1906 19S. M. Del Rio, Colorado Mineral Resources Board – Mineral Resources of Colorado, Denver, CO, Publishers Press, 1960. 20 Lee Heideman, Homesteaders, Moonshiners and Frontier Law, An Historical Journey from Aspen Park to Kenosha Pass, Conifer, CO, Magic Wordweaver Press, 2003.

5 - 9 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Historic Context – Town Histories

Foxton

Foxton ca. 1929 courtesy Denver Public Library, Colorado Historical Society, and Denver Art Museum

The town of Foxton, lying along the North Fork of the South Platte River about 37 miles south of Golden, is now fully owned by the Denver Water Board which leases the homes to seasonal and year-round residents. It was founded as a farming and mining community that, like many towns in the region, made a slow transition to a leisure and retirement settlement.

Civil War veteran Dr. Alvin Morey was the first recorded settler in what is now Foxton. Morey arrived in the valley in 1876 and received a homestead patent for a piece of land along the river.21 Two years later, the Denver, South Park and Pacific Railroad made plans to lay track across Morey’s property as part of the company’s line through the canyon and into South Park on the way to the rich gold fields of Leadville. Although he objected, the railroad project forced him to relinquish a 30-foot right of way, and the line was completed. Local lore tells that after one of his horses was killed by the train, Morey attempted to soap the rails to prevent passage of the trains

21Heideman,; p. 75.

5 - 10 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Historic Context – Town Histories across his property.22 The railroad company finally placed an injunction on Morey’s activities. In the early 1880’s Morey sold his land and moved to Oregon.

The first name of the settlement was “Park Siding” not only reflecting the park-like beauty of the terrain but also noting the town’s rail stop at mile marker 36. A post office named Resort was established on May 21, 1880, lasting until January 3 of the next year. Reestablished several years later, the post office was called Dawson until 1909. The railroad, however, continued to use the name “Park Siding” in its publications and promotional material.23

The community, with several homes, the post office (which also served as the railroad depot), and other buildings, slowly grew. Ownership prior to 1908 is attributed to two different individuals. Several sources cite a Mr. Hampden, while others note the Probert family as owners of the site.24 Little is known of Hampden. Probert may have lived in the community while managing quarry operations in the surrounding hills; he is known to have provided stone for important local buildings and to have been active in the greater region.25

In 1908, the settlement was sold to Denver merchant J. O. Roach, an Englishman by birth, who renamed the site “Foxton” after Fox-hall in his native land. The primary home in the Colorado town has been called “Foxton Hall” since its construction. Roach built a store, post office and about a dozen cabins, creating a livelier tourist destination and the local grocery outlet. He planted trees and added landscaping of lilacs and iris around the cabins. He also built the first major road access to the town, leading from the foot of Kennedy Gulch across the river to the south side, thence along the south bank to a bridge crossing at Foxton. The upper bridge washed out in 1996, but the abutments of the lower bridge remain. In addition to his development, Roach served as the town’s postmaster from 1918 to 1926.26

The earliest industries in Foxton were timber and quarrying. Timber harvesting began with the 1876 settlement by Morey. The pace of timber export to Denver increased in the following decades, meeting the growing demand for housing lumber, railroad ties, home and transportation fuel and other construction. The earliest transport out of the site was by water, floating or rafting the logs down the river. The railroad’s completion through the area in 1878 provided more efficient shipping and numerous carloads of timber were sent from Foxton annually. By the end of the second decade of the twentieth century much of the immediate area around Foxton had been cleared of trees, as had much of the canyon.27

The mineral resources of the region were extensive, and Foxton became a center for the quarrying of granite and mica, the latter used in making outdoor paints. The granite from the foot of Cathedral Spires formation was exceptional and vast in quantity, its outcrop extending several miles up the river. Used extensively for local foundation construction, the material was hand-cut and shipped by rail. An open-pit mine near Cathedral Spires provided mica to a Golden paint

22Morgan, Geo. T., Foxton, Writers Program, Colorado; “Thousand Towns File” of January 2, 1942, Stephen Hart Library, Colorado Historical Society; p. 1. 23Heideman, p. 76. 24Heideman, p. 76; Morgan, Foxton, p. 1; Pool, Gerald W. “The Changing Faces of Foxton,” unpublished manuscript in author’s possession, 2002, unnumbered p. 6. 25Pool, p. 6. 26 Heideman, p. 76; Pool, p. 6-7; Roeder, Milly, “A History of the Foxton Post Office,” unpublished manuscript in author’s possession.

27 Pool, p. 6; Morgan, Foxton, p. 2.

5 - 11 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Historic Context – Town Histories plant, transported by rail from Foxton. In addition, mining operations extracted white quartz at the nearby Little Patsy Mine.28

Local historian Gerald Pool, in his history of Foxton, cites an unusual local “industry”. The Wagner Medicine Company operated from 1912 to 1917 out of one of the cabins in Foxton, producing a patent medicine marketed in Denver. Selling for a dollar a bottle, the label claimed that the medicine was “Guaranteed under Pure Food and Drug Law, Not sold in drug stores, for bowels, stomach, Kidneys.” Several individuals managed the endeavor, including Denver promoter Charles Campbell, pharmacist John Alkire, salesman Russell Wagner, and Ferndale resident W. S. Fullerton. The company address was listed as “No. 1 Riverside Place, Foxton, Colo.”29

Sadie Damon George’s photograph scrapbook provides interesting views and anecdotes about Foxton from the period 1911 to 1920. Her family occupied one of the six summer residences in Ferndale. Foxton was an easy walk for the family and many of the teenaged Sadie’s photographs record the community. She tells of the building of the large and impressive Alkire Hall, the most elegant home in Foxton, and of the massive 1912 fire which destroyed the house. She also notes river flooding which washed out bridges providing access to Ferndale and Foxton.30

Foxton is first listed in the Colorado State Business Directory for 1915, when it is described as “A post office in Jefferson County and summer resort. Population 8. Roach, John O. gen’l mdse & summer resort.” The same entry appears in 1920 with the additional notation that Roach is postmaster, and this description remains unchanged through 1935. In 1941, the population was listed at 20, and Parley Roach had taken over from his father. In addition,the listing included both the Idylese Guest Ranch managed by J. A. Reynolds and the granite quarry of Peter F. Bossie.31

Life changed in the town in 1937 when the railroad, by then the Colorado and Southern Railway, received permission to abandon the line through the Platte Canyon and remove the rails. Although the rail bed was redeveloped as a road, the easy access to rail shipments was lost. The mines ceased production and any remaining timber activity greatly reduced. The following year, the Intermountain Rural Electric Association ran electrical power lines along the canyon, increasing comfort for residents and making the region more attractive to seasonal visitors.32

In 1943, the Denver Water Board acquired the entire site, and retains ownership to the present day. Harry E. Graham managed the town as a resort from 1943 until his death in 1964. Since 1966, the Denver Water Board has directly managed the site. Graham opened new businesses in the settlement, and when the 1950 Colorado State Business Directory was published he owned the Foxton Conoco Service, Foxton Fishing Resort, Foxton General Store and Foxton Skelgas. He sold fishing licenses, rented the tourist cabins, hosted community events, stocked supplies such as newspapers, gasoline, groceries and fishing tackle and oversaw annual maintenance and improvements to the buildings in the town.33

28 Pool, p. 9. Morgan, Foxton, p. 2. 29 Pool, p. 8. 30 Sadie Damon George, Scrapbook, Denver Public Library Western History Collection, Album C-385.

31Colorado State Business Directory, Volumes 1915-1941. 32Pool, p. 8-9. 33Colorado State Business Directory, Volume 1950; Pool, P. 8.

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The building of primary significance in Foxton is the log post office. It may have been built in the 1870s, which makes it the oldest post office structure in the state. Featuring lapped log construction, the building is also significant as a rare surviving public structure of log. Sitting in a wide portion of the valley, the Foxton Post Office also functioned as the railroad depot until 1927. Used as the general store until ca. 1964, the building remained the post office until closure in 1990 when the long-time postmistress retired and community mail service was relocated. For six years, the log building was used as a residence, but it has been vacant since 1996.34

In 2002, the Foxton Post Office was listed by Colorado Preservation Inc. on its Endangered Places List. In late 2003, the Denver Water Board and Colorado Preservation Inc. submitted an application to the Colorado Historical Society State Historical Fund for a structural assessment grants to plan and prioritize preservation needs. The “Historic Structure Assessment: Foxton Post Office” was completed in November 2004 by the team of Anthony & Associates, Inc., City Visions, Inc., and Atkinson-Noland & Associates, Inc. as part of Project Number 2004-HA-044.35

34Heideman, p. 77. 35Anthony & Associates, Inc., City Visions, Inc., and Atkinson-Noland & Associates, Inc. “Historic Structure Assessment: Foxton Post Office, Project Number 2004-HA-044.” Presented to the Denver Water Board, November 2004, p. 6-8.

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Argyle Property

Argyle ca. 1937 courtesy Denver Public Library Western History Photography Collection

The Argyle property was settled by 1879, the year after the railroad was completed through the Platte Canon. Louis Bossie, an immigrant from the Lombard region of Italy, settled along this section of the river and opened the first granite quarry in Colorado. Bossie named the place Granite Spur after the railroad siding which was built to load the blocks of pink granite quarried just above the settlement. Blocks of granite from this quarry were used in many notable buildings in Denver and cities to the east. The stone’s high quality made it suitable for foundations, fireplaces, steps and building walls, and its evenness of color was an attraction for builders. 36

In 1891, Bossie sold his land and the quarry business to the partnership of Geddes and Seerie, who were the builders and general contractors for the construction of the Colorado State Capitol in Denver. The two expanded the quarry facilities at the site and increased the stone shipments heading out of the canyon by rail. Within a few years, Geddes sold his portion of the business to Seerie, who in 1896 renamed the property Peterhead, for a place in Scotland.37

The quarry became famous when its granite was selected for use in the construction of the Cheesman Dam. Planned for a site on the South Fork of the South Platte River several miles southeast of the quarry, the project was the vision of the Denver Union Water Company, founded by Walter Cheesman and . Their purpose was to supply water to the city of Denver. In 1903, work began and construction proceeded in earnest for several years. The Argyle Quarry

36 Morgan, Geo. T., Argyle, Writers Program, Colorado; “Thousand Towns File” of February 7, 1941, Stephen Hart Library, Colorado Historical Society; p. 1; Pool, p. 6. 37 Morgan, Argyle, p. 1.

5 - 14 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Historic Context – Town Histories supplied much of the stone for the dam’s construction and local residents worked at the quarry or the dam site.38

In the early 1900s David Seerie built two residences on the site along with a dining hall for private family use. The dining hall contained a kitchen and a caretaker’s quarters occupied in the early years by a German caretaker named Jake Kepler. The granite quarry ceased operation in the early 1900s. Ownership of the property transferred to David Seerie individually in 1905. Upon David Seerie’s death, family members changed the name of the property to Argyle. In 1973 nine of David Seerie’s heirs sold 160 acres of the property to the Denver Water Board and purchased the remaining 80 acres under the name of Argyle Properties Inc. It continues to be owned and privately used by Seerie heirs to the present day.

38 Pool. P. 8; Cathleen Norman, “The Historic Contexts Report,” Unpublished manuscript prepared for the Jefferson County Historical Commission, Lakewood, CO, Preservation Publishing, 2002, p. 76; Robert Muth, Seerie descendant, personal interview.

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Ferndale

Ferndale, 1900 courtesy Denver Public Library Western History Photography Collection

A small resort community called Ferndale was located on the south side of the river. The original six homes were summer-only and sat perched in the wooded hillside above the riverbank, accessed by a single footbridge. The earliest citation for Ferndale is in the Geological Survey Gazetteer of 1906 where the community is listed only as a summer resort.39 In 1899, Mary D.

39 CWA Files, Colorado Historical Society, Stephen Hart Library.

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VanLaw platted the settlement with ten lots of 132’ x 510’. Each lot stretched from the riverbank up the hillside. Van Law sold five of the lots and retained the remainder for her own home site.40

Most of the houses were constructed on the hillside before 1911. In that year, a young lady named Sadie Damon George of Wichita, Kansas, whose family summered in the community, began a photograph scrapbook of her times and area travels in Ferndale. She identified the then-six houses with their annual families, pictured the interiors and porches of several of the houses, and noted events in the surrounding towns. One event she described was the flood of July 7, 1911, which washed out the 1909 bridge access to Ferndale, while another was the spectacular fire which destroyed the elegant Alkire House in Foxton in 1914.41

Sadie Damon George Scrapbook, Denver Public Library Western History Collection, ca. 1915

40 Norman, p. 297. 41Sadie Damon George, Scrapbook, Denver Public Library Western History Collection, Album C-385.

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Sadie and her family came to Ferndale for ten consecutive summers after she started recording her time in Colorado. Through the summer of 1916, the family traveled to the resort by train, and traveled around the region on foot or by rail. In 1917, the family drove from Kansas for the first time and Sadie recorded the drive up Bear Creek and down Pine Grove Gulch over poor and muddy roads. They kept the car in Buffalo Creek the first year, and managed to get close to the Ferndale train stop by 1918, an indication that the rail-side walking path had been expanded enough for automobiles along this stretch of the river.42

One of Sadie’s photographs from the north side of the river shows the first six homes hidden by trees, but the structures are identified by owner on the photograph in Sadie’s handwriting. Moving east to west, the homes were occupied by families Vickers, George, Woodward, Robinson, VanLaw and Peters. The bridge was centered between Woodward and Robinson. Across the river, alongside the tracks of the railroad, was a small station, constructed of wood with open front and half-sides. The resort remained active, despite the departure of the railroad in 1937. Several of the homes have remained in the same family ownerships since 1911 and are accessed now by a private bridge over the river.43

42 Ibid. 43 ibid.; Jefferson County Assessor Title Records.

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Riverview

Riverview and Cathedral Spires, ca. 1900 – 1930 courtesy Denver Public Library Western History Photography Collection

George W. Coatney, one of the earliest recorded settlers along this stretch of the river, is credited with the naming of the community because of the impressive vistas from this point along the river. Coatney and his wife settled there in the 1880s and built up a ranching operation. A small dam across Buffalo Creek created a lake from which to harvest ice. The ice crews took room and board with the Coatneys during the winter and summer vacationers asked for accommodations. The Coatneys expanded their holdings by remodeling their ranch house and constructing rental cabins. The settlement grew slowly as small resort buildings were constructed on the hillsides above the riverbanks. Located very close to the local business center of Buffalo Creek, Riverview

5 - 19 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Historic Context – Town Histories never attracted retail establishments. Poor health led the Coatneys to sell the property in about 1920.44

The summer resort properties of Riverview passed through the hands of several private owners until 1921, when E. B. Hendrie purchased several cabins. In 1930, the large Denver-based industrial and engineering concern of Hendrie and Bolthoff Manufacturing and Supply Company, known internationally for the manufacture of mining equipment, bought all the real estate lots in this locale, intending the houses to be used by the company employees as vacation sites. This was a significant and unusual property acquisition for a manufacturing company of the period.45

The company encouraged its workers to take their families to the mountains, and a short article in the company news bulletin described the setting:

Riverview is located on the South Platte River, 39 miles from Denver by way of the Colorado and Southern Railway and 48 miles by automobile road, and is surrounded by inspiring mountain scenery, unequaled in beauty and location to that of almost any other mountain site. The entire property consists of 200 acres of land, on which is located one double and six single cottages, all of which are completely furnished, and equipped with every convenience, including dishes, bed-clothing, electric lights, and an abundance of clear spring water that is piped into the kitchens direct from its mountain source one mile away.

These cottages provide accommodations for seven families at a time, while a separate cottage is maintained for the use of the care-keeper. There is also provided a spacious recreation and dance pavilion, with a large fireplace, which not only adds a cheerful, homelike beauty to the rustic surroundings, but wards off the chill of the mountain air when needed. The pavilion is provided with a piano and victrola, and is the center of much good fellowship and friendly feeling, as the families mingle in games, dances and other diversions.46

In 1948 company employee Leland Hoffarth joined Hendrie and Bolthoff living at the Riverview site. He shared his memories in 1984, recalling that in 1961, the corporation Gulf and Western acquired the resort when Hendrie and Boltoff began to diversify company activity.47 The Jefferson County records differ, as they show that a formal deed for Riverview was granted to the Hendrie Association in about 1986 with this organization continuing corporate use on the site until the 1990s. The property was sold to private owners in 1993.48

44 CWA Files, Colorado Historical Society, Stephen Hart Library; Dorothy Lombard, Buffalo Beginnings and Through the Years: The People and Places of Buffalo Creek, Colorado, Buffalo Creek, CO, self- published, 1990, p. 19 45 ibid. 46 North Fork Volunteer Fire Department. Recipes and Anecdotes. Iowa Falls, IA, General Publishing and Binding, 1984, “Riverview” p. 291. 47 Ibid. 48Jefferson County Assessor Title Records

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Buffalo Creek

Buffalo Creek ca. 1925 courtesy Denver Public Library Western History Photography Collection

The name of Buffalo Creek, the tributary of the North Fork of the South Platte which flows into the river at the site of this town, is said to have been given by John C. Fremont during his travels through this region on his 1844 expedition. Fremont and his party entered what is now Colorado from the north and traveled to South Park, from whence they followed the basin of the South Platte from its headwaters toward the east. One well-watered meadow along a mountain creek was filled with buffalo, and was thus named.49

Cattlemen discovered this grassy mountain meadow by the mid-1860s, and by the end of the decade, settlers had established small ranches throughout the area. The confluence of Buffalo Creek and the North Fork of the South Platte River was a well-known location in the region, and a small settlement was founded soon after 1870. One of the larger ranch operations began in 1872 when John Higginson, a native of England, acquired a significant acreage along the river just west of the mouth of Buffalo Creek. Then called Higginson Ranch, the property remains in agricultural operation as the Swan Hereford Ranch. Other early ranchers included Lee Corbin, George Phelps, his son James Phelps, Sr. and Edwin Culver. With his ranching neighbors, Higginson enjoyed the advantage of water and pasture, but was forced to drive his cattle to

49 Edna Sirois Ryan, Narrative History of Buffalo Creek and Buffalo Park, Jefferson County, Colorado, Denver, CO, Claridge Printing Co., 1960, p. 3.

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Denver via Morrison to markets. This hard trip of five days caused considerable weight loss by the animals and the subsequent loss of sale profits.50

Joining the cattlemen, miners swarmed into the mountains at every announcement of new gold findings. By the late 1870s there were gold mining claims in the area surrounding the town, although few produced significant ores. Lumbermen also came to the area, cutting the rich timber and hauling logs to the sawmills along Buffalo Creek. In 1880, A. D. Morrison recorded the first official land filing in the area for construction of a sawmill. By the early 1880s, over a dozen mills operated near the settlement and the town’s population exceeded 1000. Like the ranchers, the lumber operators needed an efficient means to transport their products to markets.51

The problem was solved with the arrival of the Denver, South Park, and Pacific Railroad through the canyon of the North Fork of the South Platte River in 1878. By the time the railroad reached the town on June 17, the community boasted boarding houses, general mercantile stores, hotels, saloons, blacksmith shops, a meat market, lumber yards and a few houses. Although the initial intent of the railroad investors was to reach the rich gold regions around Leadville, the railroad brought tremendous business and growth opportunities to communities along its route. 52

J. W. Smith, president of the Denver & South Park Construction Company, filed the town plat for present-day Buffalo Creek with Jefferson County on January 27, 1881. The first name entered in the county records was “Sunny Vale Park” and this name appeared in the 1882 book of town plats for the county. The name was changed to Buffalo Creek in 1887. The railroad, however, named the site “Buffalo Station” and later shortened this to “Buffalo” in all of its promotional and business publications. The railroad built a depot, and acquired much of the land surrounding the station and the community. A post office soon opened, called at first “Buffalo.” Almost immediately, however, the name was changed to “Buffalo Creek” in an effort to avoid confusing this town with two other communities named “Buffalo” in Colorado.53

Documentation about the size and business activity of the community from 1875 to 1884 is inconsistent. The CWA files at the Colorado Historical Society note a population of 1400 in 1877 with five stores, five saloons, and ten large lumber mills. The town’s population declined a bit after the completion of the railroad track, then continued to drop as the lumber industry slowly died in the late-1880s. The town’s first entry in the Colorado State Business Directory was in 1881, but notes a population of 300 and only “1 hotel, 1 blacksmith, 1 Gen’l Mdse and Lumber Store” which seems a limited description. That same year, Croffutt’s Gripsack Guide to Colorado describes the town as being on the South Park Division, Union Pacific Railway, and “a mining and lumbering point. Some claims located in 1880 assay as much as $7000 per ton in gold. Game is found in the hills, and some fine trout in the river.”54

50 Ryan, p. 4-5; Cathleen Norman, “Reconnaissance Survey Report 1999 – 2002 Cultural Resource Survey of Unincorporated Jefferson County”, Draft manuscript in possession of Jefferson County, Lakewood, CO, Preservation Publishing, 2002. p. 211. 51 Ryan p. 5; Norman, “Reconnaissance Survey Report”, p. 211; Jefferson County Historical Society [JCHS], “Local History Research Files,” unpublished, on file at Hiwan Homestead Museum, Evergreen, CO; Heideman, p. 123. 52 Norman, “Reconnaissance Survey Report” p.. 211; JCHS “Local History Research Files.” 53 CWA files, Colorado Historical Society, Stephen Hart Library; Norman, “Reconnaissance Survey Report,” p. 211; Walter Sandell, “Buffalo Creek,” Writers Program, Colorado; “Thousand Towns File” of May 23, 1941, Stephen Hart Library, Colorado Historical Society; p. 1 54 CWA files, Colorado Historical Society, Stephen Hart Library; Colorado State Business Directory, 1881; Crofutt, p. 80.

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Commercial enterprises provided goods and services to the wider region. In 1882, F. A. Haskell was the proprietor of the Buffalo House, while N. H. Sheets offered boarding and blacksmith services. The following year, Silas Lloyd opened a butcher shop, N. D. Johnson and W. H. McDaniel entered the shoemaking business, Wm. Duncan and John H. Shirley ran saloons, and John Morris was a grocer. Over the next decade, additional merchants and entrepreneurs would open new or purchase existing businesses such as liveries, carpenter shops, hotels, sawmills, and lumber yards.55

One of the most significant enterprises was the mercantile of J. W. Green, who arrived in Buffalo in 1879 and worked for two years in a sawmill. A native of Virginia, Green stayed in the community and acquired the general merchandise store portion of the Morrison Timber Company. By 1885, he is listed as a storekeeper. Opening his business with the sign “J. W. Green Dealer in Everything,” Green built a wide-ranging business which eventually included a stock pen, railroad loading siding, and cattle chute to load stock onto railroad cars. After his first store burned in a dramatic fire in late 1897, Green built a new store on the site using two-foot granite block from downstream quarries. This building became the post office, polling station, dance hall, and community event site. The Green Mercantile (5JF192) is still operated by J.W. Green’s descendents.56

Schools and churches were a little slower in coming to Buffalo Creek than commercial enterprises. The Buffalo Creek School District was authorized in 1881 and formal classes began almost immediately. The first building was a log cabin with two rooms, one for lower grades and one for high school. A frame building, which burned in 1913, replaced the log cabin. One town resident, Ethel Culver Myers, recalled that there were 30 children in the school when she was in first grade [circa 1904], and that “each year the number dwindled because of the completion of the Cheesman Dam in 1905 and less sawmill activity.” The replacement schoolhouse was a five- room hipped-roof building of red brick just south of the town-site. Like its predecessors, this schoolhouse burned to the ground with all of its contents. An overheated furnace set the lower level on fire in January 1938; the 15 children escaped thanks to the fire’s discovery by teacher Wilma Barnes. Although a fourth school was constructed, it was closed in 1953 and the building converted to residential use.57

The town had no church building for its first decades, but religious services were held in various locations on an occasional basis for some time. Itinerant preachers traveled the mountain regions and led worship in communities as both space was available and a group of local residents expressed interest. Pine Grove attracted traveling ministers frequently after that community erected a church building, but Buffalo Creek was not on the circuit until the early 1890s when a dance pavilion was constructed in the community and made available for a variety of group events. Services became more regular during the summer months in Buffalo after 1895, when the Rev. Frederick W. Oakes (then a Congregational minister, later to become an Episcopal priest) purchased a summer home nearby. While he preached at the pavilion during his visits, he began to urge community members to build a church. He approached the family of John Jerome, owner of a large property on the hill above the town which included the local cemetery. The family

55 Colorado State Business Directory, editions 1883 – 1900. 56 Margaret Bentley, The Upper Side of the Pie Crust, An Early History of Southwestern Jefferson County, Conifer, Pine, Buffalo Creek, Colorado, Evergreen, CO, Jefferson County Historical Society 1978/1990, p. 245-46, 273; Lombard, p. 4-5. 57 Granzella, p. 25 – 27; Bentley, p. 126, 270 – 273; The Jefferson County Republican, January 13, 1938.

5 - 23 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Historic Context – Town Histories agreed to donate land for a church building adjacent to the cemetery on two conditions: Rev. Oakes raising the money for the building, and the church being available for use by all faiths.58

The community members stepped up to the challenge, hosting special events, organizing fund- raising sales, donating materials and soliciting contributed services. By fall of 1901, the building was completed and Christmas services celebrated. Called the Little Chapel in the Hills, the Buffalo Park Chapel Association managed the church and oversaw the building use and cemetery occupancy. Members paid a subscription fee to support the group and this arrangement continued until 1925 when the Girl’s Friendly Society of the Episcopal Church purchased the Blue Jay Inn (5JF191) as a religious retreat house. The organization took over the task of providing Sunday services and church school until 1942. World War II gas rationing limited summer and weekly travel, and reduced church participation. Worship services became intermittent. By the end of that decade, a regular series of services was re-instituted for the summer months and has remained a part of community life since then.59

The railroad owned about 3300 acres in the region surrounding the town in the mid-1880s. By 1888 the company began to sell some of the land to encourage the growth of a resort to be promoted and accessed by the railroad. Several subdivisions were platted in the lands immediately adjacent to the existing town, the first being Buffalo Creek Park, platted by J. A. Jamieson in late 1888. Joseph Bailey, president of the newly-established Buffalo Creek Park Company, soon began building summer homes and cottages on lots about one quarter of a mile from the town center on a northwest facing hillside. He named the roads for Civil War generals and politicians including Lincoln, Sherman, Grant and Harrison. The following year the company expanded the area with the Evergreen and Canfields additions. The two later plats used a regular grid with houses along long narrow blocks. Changing its name to the Buffalo Creek Park and Land Improvement Association, the company established its Third Subdivision in 1893. This last group of lots included what became the Christmas Hill Subdivision, sold as a block of 480 acres to John L. Jerome, an official with the Colorado Fuel and Iron Corporation, in 1902.60

John L. Jerome of New York was a relative of Jennie Jerome, wife of the Duke of Marlborough and mother of Winston Churchill. Educated at Hamilton College, he came to Colorado in 1873 to serve as superintendent of the public schools in Central City. He studied the law and practiced with a firm in Denver until his death in 1903. He became an investor and official of the Colorado Fuel and Iron Corporation soon after its formation in 1881, representing the company in legal matters. In 1899, while searching for a spot in the Rocky Mountains to build a summer home, Jerome discovered a scenic area on a hill above Buffalo Creek. After he and his family summered in rental cabins for several years, Jerome purchased the entire hill portion of the Third Subdivision. In 1902, he founded the Buffalo Park Association. The articles of incorporation recorded a total capitalization of the property of $50,000, and the first incorporators were recorded as Thomas Hood, Richard H. Hart and John L. Jerome.61 The incorporation papers contained much humor, with the incorporators charged with suppressing “telephones, tickers, nerves, creditors, banks, newspapers, dressmakers and teachers, and all improvement societies.” The Association purposes emphasized resort leisure activities of the summer season and included

58 Donald P. Smith, Jr., “Little Chapel in the Hills One Hundredth Anniversary Celebration Message,” unpublished manuscript in the holdings of the Pine Library, Pine, CO., p. 2-3. 59 Smith, p. 3-5. 60 Bentley, p. 262; Norman “Reconnaissance Survey Report,” p. 215, 219. 61 Lombard, p. 2; Jerome – Hart Papers, Family Correspondence Files, Colorado Historical Society Stephen Hart Library, Manuscript Collection #1168, Box 1.

5 - 24 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Historic Context – Town Histories the promotion of such things as “sitting in the sun, sitting in the shade, angling for trout, riding broncos, the noble game of bridge, ping-pong, sitting around the bonfire, playing the banjo, singing, wading in the brook, …”62 Jerome was responsible for the installation of the first water systems in the subdivision which allowed winter water for residents of the community.

Jerome and his colleagues built spacious homes on Christmas Hill, with the Jerome complex “La Hacienda” (5JF190) at the hill’s most advantageous location. Other homes on Christmas Hill, many built by members of the Hart family, were constructed nearby. The Association built a dance hall known as “the Pavilion” on the hill as the location for community events and church services. Shareholders of the Buffalo Park Association met annually in Denver, and addressed issues of capital stock value, and the founding of the Buffalo Park Chapel Association. Both associations remained active into the 1990s and beyond.63

Buffalo Creek continued to grow as a summer resort, as vacation homes were constructed in the Christmas Hill Subdivision and in the low hills to the southeast of the town’s center. The advent of automobile travel brought a new group of visitors to the community, those seeking short-term hotel stays rather than summer-long residencies. Rough automobile roads were open to the area by the late 1910s and in places, such as near Buffalo Creek, roads were wide enough for two-way traffic.64 The abandonment of the railroad in 1937 was a temporary blow to the community, but the transition to automobile and truck transport of cattle and other local products was rapid.

One family involved in the growth of the tourist business in Buffalo Creek was the Sirois (later Searway) family, which arrived in Colorado in the early 1890s. Alex, a French-Canadian involved in the lumber business, brought his wife Philomena, who was part Indian. They had 12 children and moved them all into the annex building of the Blue Jay Inn, where Alex served as caretaker. In 1900 the family purchased land at the corner of Teller Avenue and Grant Avenue, and built a log house, the first of the family’s real estate investments in the town. The Sirois family purchased or built other small cabins as rental properties or acquired small buildings as storage. Alex continued his work both in construction and for the Blue Jay Inn as his two sons built other businesses in the community. Anglicizing his name to Searway, Fred helped his father with an early livery business, later turning it into a automobile touring company with two seven- passenger Cadillacs. Fred also became involved in both local real estate and in the wood and ice businesses. Harry Searway remained in the community after his brother’s death and continued many of the family businesses.65

One significant attribute of the community’s attraction as a summer resort was its location adjacent to the , which encloses and surrounds the community on the south side of the river. Established in 1892, it was known as the South Platte Forest Reserve and divided into districts, of which Buffalo Creek was one. Ranger stations were often ranch houses, and the first ranger of the Pike National Forest, William Kruetzer, created his a headquarters near Indian Creek in a neighboring district. The earliest ranger in Buffalo Creek was Louis Busher, who came to the area as a Canadian lumberjack to work at the Buffalo Creek sawmills in 1879. Busher and the rangers who followed him from the 1890s to 1930 lived in cabins out in the forest. Beginning in 1930, the U. S. Forest Service rented buildings in the town of Buffalo close to the Green Mercantile until the ranger station was erected in Buffalo Creek Park in 1937. For over 30

62 Lombard, p. 2 – 3. 63 Jerome – Hart Papers, Box 1; Ryan, p. 25; Lombard, p. 99. 64 George, Scrapbook. 65 Lombard, p. 60.

5 - 25 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Historic Context – Town Histories years rangers maintained residences and offices at this facility. In the late 1930s and early 1940s the facility also supported workers from the Civilian Conservation Corps living in a camp at the edge of the Pike National Forest. These Corps members built roads, hiking trails and campgrounds, complete with outhouses and fire pits. In 1968, the Forest Service consolidated the Buffalo District with the South Platte District of Pike National Forest and the management relocated to Lakewood Colorado. The Forest Service continues to operate the ranger station in Buffalo Creek as a work center used by timber crews, fire fighting crews, recreation workers and youth work organizations.66

By 1930 the list of businesses recorded as active in Buffalo Creek in the Colorado State Business Directory was diminishing. In that year, only four businesses were noted, and the population documented as 150, presumably the year-round residents. Over the next 20 years, the directories maintained the population as noted, but in 1951, recorded only 60 persons. The number of businesses rose only to a total of five, two of which were seasonal accommodations in 1956. The famed Blue Jay Inn (5JF191), sold in 1907 to the Episcopal Church, reverted to private ownership in 1947, and remained a hotel, gift shop and restaurant through the 1990s. The Hotel Hudson, (5JF189.15) was sold in 1972 to Teen Challenge of Colorado, Inc., which converted the property to a Christian school and mountain retreat center. When the organization relocated to Woodland Park, CO several years later, the hotel was adapted for use as a private residence.67

During the 1950s, one public building was erected in the center of Buffalo Creek – St. Elizabeth’s Catholic Church. Until the completion of the Little Chapel in the Hills, visiting priests celebrated Catholic mass in private homes. Later the community’s non-denominational chapel was shared, hosting an early Mass and a late morning Protestant service each Sunday during the summer. By 1950, the Catholic community sought to build its own place of worship. The effort was led by Don Green, son of John W. Green of the town’s store. He approached Balmore Swan, owner of the Swan Hereford Ranch, who also owned the property adjacent to the Green’s store, and asked to purchase the land. Swan made it a gift to the Catholic community and later, when the congregation raised $3500 of the $35,000 estimated cost, Swan paid off the balance. The church was dedicated in 1952, with significant alterations in the 1970s.68

Buffalo Creek remains a resort community, although many seasonal homes have been converted to year-round residences over the last three decades. The Green store is the major business in the town and is the only commercial venture located at the town’s “center”. Several vacation accommodations businesses remain in the community, but with no extensive support services. Day visitors pass through the town in the summer season on route to the hiking trails and campsites of the Pike National Forest and the trout fishing sites along the river. The community has been threatened numerous times by fire and flood, including the Buffalo Creek Fire which burned 12,000 acres in 1996. A flood later that year killed two people and another in 1998 caused massive mudslides and property damage.69

66 Lombard, p. 54-55; Norman, “Reconnaissance Survey Report,” p. 218. 67 Colorado State Business Directory, 1930 – 1956; Lombard, p. 27, 31. 68 Denver Catholic Register, “Early Parishioners Share Memories of Historic Church,” June 9, 1999. 69 Rocky Mountain News, May 18, 1996, July 12, 1996 and July 31, 1998.

5 - 26 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Historic Context – Town Histories

Swan Hereford Ranch

Swan Hereford Ranch, 2005 photo by Len Lingo

What is now known as the Swan Hereford Ranch sits along the North Fork of the South Platte River between the communities of Pine Grove and Buffalo Creek. It is both one of the earliest ranching ventures in the area and one of the few still in operation as a ranch. It is the only ranch property lying within the North Fork Historic District.

The site was first homesteaded by English immigrant Jonathan (Johnny) Higginson and his wife Ida in the early-1870s. Higginson was the youngest son of John and Charlotte Higginson of Everton in Cheshire England. He left his native land in 1870. He worked for some time as a freighter on the Denver-Leadville wagon routes before settling on the south side of the North Fork. Johnny’s mother and sister followed him to the region and acquired property near Wellington Lake. Ida Higginson died in 1875, followed soon by her infant daughter. Johnny then married Laura Yates, who gave birth to nine children, seven of whom survived childhood.70

According to Johnny’s grandson, the homesteader first built a log cabin on the property for himself and Ida. Consisting of two rooms with a fireplace for both heat and cooking, the cabin still stands. After several years in the tight quarters of the cabin, Higginson constructed a “grand English-style house with cathedral ceilings”. In the early part of the twentieth century, the ranch was sold to Kennedy and Callison, who in turn sold to D. D. (Dud) Lewis in 1922.71

70 Lombard, p. 21. 71 Ibid., p. 22.

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Lewis expanded the ranch productivity, building a large barn near what is now County Road 126 in the late 1920s. He increased the number of cattle on the property to about 300 head, running them on the nearby National Forest lands from about 1925 to 1932. The ranch was famed for its cattle. Lewis both de-horned and vaccinated his animals, the first and only rancher in the area to do so for some years. Lewis and his second wife inherited some American Saddle Breed and Tennessee Walker horses in 1923, which he continued to breed and show over the following years. During the middle and late-1930s, the ranch had a contract to sell milk to the Buffalo Creek Camp of the Civilian Conservation Corps. The Lewis family also operated a fishing club at what was known as the “Z Bar D Ranch” and it was well-known to sport fishermen.72

In 1946 fire consumed the large English-style house of Johnny Higginson, described in Denver’s Rocky Mountain News as “the spacious house of Dud. D. Lewis, prominent Hereford breeder and Republican precinct committeeman at Pine.” The following year, the ranch was sold to Val Swan, who soon gave the site its current name. Swan was active in the community, and earned the lasting friendship of many Buffalo Creek residents when he donated a significant portion of the funds needed to build St. Elizabeth’s Catholic Church in Buffalo Creek. He hosted friends for sport fishing, including long-time friend President Dwight D. Eisenhower, who visited the ranch several times while visiting his wife’s family home in Denver.73

Following Swan’s death in 1977, a Mr. Windergard purchased the property. He sold it to a ten- member partnership of Denver businessmen in 1981. The Swan Hereford Ranch Venture continues as a business enterprise raising horses and cattle.74

72 Cathleen Norman, “The Historic Contexts Report,” Unpublished manuscript prepared for the Jefferson County Historical Commission, Lakewood, CO, Preservation Publishing, 2002; Kathlene Sutton, “Southern Jefferson County: Three Historic Ranches” in Elevated Living, January 2005 73 Sutton, p. 2; Lombard, p. 52. 74 Jefferson County Assessor Title Records

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Pine Grove

Pine Grove, ca. 1900 - 1930 courtesy Denver Public Library Western History Photography Collection

The town of Pine Grove sits along the North Fork’s north bank close to the mouth of Elk Creek. The earliest settlements in the region took advantage of the wide flat lands at the confluence. Little is known of the first people to stop or settle in this place, but mountain ranchers took advantage of the pasturage near what is now Pine Grove. By the time Johnny Higginson acquired the land which is now the Swan Hereford Ranch (5JF189.6) in the early 1870s, others had built small cabins in the area just west of the new ranch.

The survey of the Platte Canon in advance of the railroad development identified this place as a significant location for construction support. When the tracks began to move up the canyon from South Platte, the settlement of Pine Grove became a center of worker housing, materials supply and access up the Elk Creek drainage and out of the narrow river corridor. When the tracks were

5 - 29 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Historic Context – Town Histories completed to Pine Grove on July 26, 1878, the town became the “end of the line” for several months. A small depot and a large coal chute supplied the engines.75

Railroad access spurred the early growth of the town and its primary industries – lumber and ice. As the tracks stretched west and across Kenosha Pass into Breckenridge, timber for ties and railroad trestles was felled, cut and loaded on westbound cars in both Pine Grove and Buffalo Creek, and ice was cut and packed for shipping on the eastbound run. A post office was established in 1882. Unfortunately, another town in Colorado named Pine Grove pre-dated this new community, so the new post office was named Pine.76 By 1883, the town had grown enough to be listed in the Colorado State Business Directory, described as being “a post office on the D&SP Div of the UP Ry in Jefferson County, 44 miles southwest of Denver and 40 southwest of Golden, the county seat. Denver is the most convenient banking point. Pop. 40.”77 Four businesses were noted: stores owned by Forgey & McCoy and D. R. Wright and sawmills operated by John Morris and J. W. Martin.

An early settler and business entrepreneur of the small community, Charles W. Dake arrived in 1884 with plans to develop a summer resort. Purchasing large blocks of land around the existing settlement, Dake platted the town in 1886 and soon started subdividing and selling lots, building seasonal cabins and marketing homes in Pine Grove. Telephone service had already reached the town, and new businesses opened. Dake built a store which he named the Pine Mercantile Company. The business dealt only hay and feed at first but Dake very soon expanded to carry groceries and general merchandise. Located close to the new railroad depot, Dake’s business sat beside the train switchback, allowing easy access to shipments both in and out of Pine Grove. Both the first telegraph agent’s office and the post office were located in the store..78

Within two years, the town grew to a population of 200, many year-round residents, and hit its peak at 300 residents by 1890. C. W. Dake was proprietor of the Cottage Hotel, owner of a general merchandise store, Justice of the Peace and postmaster, a position he held until 1907 when his son Albert succeeded him. Neighboring business owners included hotel proprietors Thomas Crowdis and D. C. Dean, construction contractors Thomas Butcher, Mike Clark, F. A. Gould and the Lamb brothers and lumber companies owned by Davis & Pennington, Douglas & Johnson, Hooper & Rogers, Wm. Jewell, J. T. McCary, D. Maxwell, E. G. Mayfield, Morris & Bingham, John Mills, Porter & Co. and Mrs. Stockdale. Other commercial enterprises included a blacksmith, druggist, meat market, barber, hardware and jewelry shop, shoemaker and music teacher. Mr. C. T. Lewis was the railroad agent.79

William and Rosa Prosser came to Pine Grove from New York, opened a butcher shop, and settled in a small home on the hillside above the railroad depot. After the town was platted and tourism became a viable industry in the community, the couple moved their small home to the edge of the lot and built the two-story Prosser Hotel, the only two-story building in Pine Grove. Rooms on the upper floor accommodated guests, while the facilities on the first floor included a bakery, restaurant, barber, and family quarters. The hotel boasted its own system of gas lighting

75 Bentley, p. 311. 76 Amy Nebel, “Pine: Profile of a Colorado Mountain Community,” unpublished manuscript on file at the Pine Library, 1995, p. 3. 77 Colorado State Business Directory, 1883-84. 78 Recipes and Anecdotes, p. 240; Bentley p. 311. 79 Nebel, p. 3; Bentley, p. 311-312.

5 - 30 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Historic Context – Town Histories and water piped from a natural spring behind the hotel. William Prosser is noted in the business listings as the operator of the meat market and saloon, while Rosa managed the hotel.80

In keeping with the Dake hopes for a resort at Pine Grove, several real estate offices opened during the early 1890s. Pine Grove Cottage Company, Pine Grove Resort Company and A. G. Bell Real Estate were operating by 1895, as was the Denver Salesmen & Investment Company. The Crystal Lake Resort Company was organized in 1893 just west of Pine Grove with O. A. Erdman as manager. Dake managed the newly-established Pine Grove Water and Light Company.81 As the timber stands in the immediate region were depleted, the sawmills and lumber yards closed. Tourism and access to leisure activities became an increasingly important element of the Pine Grove economy.

The railroad continued to play a major role in the community, and was important to the year- round activity in Pine Grove. Filled with tourists for much of the summer, the trains through the Platte Canon operated all year. In the winter they shipped ice, stone, cattle and lumber to Denver, and supplies and equipment to the mining communities to the west. In addition to the station agent for the Pine Grove Depot (which kept its original name), the railroad company’s road- master was assigned to Pine Grove. As the halfway point on the trip from Denver to the round- house and depot at Como in South Park, the railroad company used Pine Grove as the refueling and rolling stock storage stop. Coal cars from the east emptied their loads in the coal chute for locomotives heading west which filled their tenders from the chute. Railroad agent G. F. Lewis wrote that the station “kept 3 to 5 helper engines here most of the time. There was a coal chute, 3 shovelers, and an engine hostler.” The stand-by engines were kept at Pine Grove to boost train power over both Kenosha Pass and the rugged . These engines operated summer and winter, and were fitted with rotary snowplows for much of the year.82

The town suffered a setback in 1896 when, on May 4, a fire destroyed several significant buildings. The Denver Republican reported on its front page that “all the business portion of Pine Grove burned tonight. The fire started in a vacant building. The largest losers were S. W. Jeffries and P. L. Bromley. Started at midnight. The cause of the fire was no doubt incendiarism.”83 It may have been this incident which prompted the town to take additional safety measures. Historian Lee Heideman reports that at “one point, the Pine Fire Department decided that some cabins in Pine were too close together, so they had to move every other one.” Several were relocated, which also allowed the owners to expand the buildings or join cabins to create larger homes.84

Several public buildings were erected by the end of the nineteenth century, including the Pine Grove Depot, the Pine Grove Methodist Church and the Pine Grove School. The depot served as passenger station, freight center and railroad offices. Located south of what is now County Road 126, the main track line split off a siding at the depot to form a switchback known as “the Wye” extending toward the business area of town. When the railroad was abandoned in 1937, the company sold the depot to Conrad Johnson, caretaker of the Pine Valley Ranch west of town. Johnson and his stepson Adolph Davideck ran a grocery store in the building until about 1946 when Willard Hoffarth purchased the building as a home for his family. In 1955, Dr. Jim Arneill

80 Nebel, p. 3-4; Colorado State Business Directory, 1895 – 1905. 81 Colorado State Business Directory, 1890, 1895. 82 Canyon Courier, January 1, 1959; Mountain Independent, Park County Nosey Page, 1976 (no date). 83 The Denver Republican, May 4, 1896. 84 Heideman, p. 116.

5 - 31 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Historic Context – Town Histories bought the property and moved the building a short distance to the east out of the way of the planned new road through Pine Grove. The depot building burned in 1965, and Arneill deeded the new site to the North Fork Fire Department.85

The Pine Grove School was unique in that it was part of a school district that was shared by Jefferson and Park Counties. This two-county effort was established in 1878. When the town of Pine Grove joined with the community of Estabrook’s School District 18, school classes were held wherever there were a sufficient number of children. Between the various sites, classes were offered for about six months of the year. By 1885, the district was spending $260 a year for building rent and furniture in addition to teacher salaries. The following year, over 40 children enrolled and the community determined to build a permanent schoolhouse. In 1898 the new frame building was complete under the direction of Charles Dake and classes began for 27 boys and 25 girls. Soon after, the staff expanded to two teachers and a principal. The enrollment stayed high through the mid-1930s with the children of railroad workers as students, but dropped dramatically after the abandonment of the rail line. By 1956 only six children remained in the school. The district closed the school the following year.86 The building is now a private residence.

Pine Grove’s first church dates to 1898. Charles Dake sold two lots to Thomas Hogan, who lost them in a tax sale. William Whitehead acquired the lots and sold them to Reverend Charles F. Sietter. On May 19, 1898, the day of his purchase, Sietter sold the land to the congregation of the Pine Grove Methodist Church which immediately erected its church on the lots. A series of ministers pastored the congregation, which slowly shrank in size. By the late 1910s the church was hosting preachers who were seminarians at Iliff Seminary in Denver who would travel up on the Sunday train for services. By 1930 the church had closed its doors and the building sold to a private owner who lost it in taxes that year. Purchased by Charles Smith, it was deeded via quit claim in 1939 to the Church of Christ [of the Latter Day Saints] of Pine. Smith may have been a member of that congregation. In 1949 the property was deeded in a quit claim for the sum of $100 to the Pine-Elk Creek Improvement Association. The group renovated the building as a community center and it is still in use by the public. The building may be the oldest standing church in Jefferson County.87

Just west of Pine Grove, a large cattle ranch owned by J. W. Hildebrand was sold to the Eckert Ice Company which cut ice from the ranch’s two lakes and shipped it to Denver. In the 1920s, William A. Baehr, who made his fortune as President of the North Continent Utilities Company of Chicago, returned to his previous vacation spot in the Platte Canon and purchased the ranch. Renaming the property Pine Valley Ranch, he hired the well-known Denver architect J. B. Benedict to design the lodge, known as “The Baehr Den,” that was modeled after a hunting lodge in the Black Forest of Germany. The family used the home as a summer residence until selling it for use as a fishing lodge in 1956. The Pine Valley Ranch operated as a private resort and conference center into the 1980s, when it was divided and sold in parcels for a resort and condominium development. Local residents protested the latter plan, and the ranch was eventually acquired by Jefferson County Open Space for use as a public park.88

Road access to Pine Grove was available by the late 1910s, and tourists to the community increasingly traveled by car rather than rail. New residential subdivisions outside the town itself

85 Recipes and Anecdotes, p. 222. 86 Granzella, p. 21, 24. 87 Heideman, p. 109; Nebel, p. 11-12; Canyon Courier, October 24, 1974. 88 Nebel, p. 14-15.

5 - 32 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Historic Context – Town Histories grew as summer communities while Pine Grove remained the primary local commercial center. The establishment of Sphinx Park up Elk Creek Road attracted more seasonal residents and Pine Grove experienced an increased popularity as a fishing resort. The abandonment of the railroad in 1937 brought an end to the town’s role as a primary rail support center and shipping depot and the town’s economy became dependent upon the leisure industry. Some new summer cabins were built in the 1940s and the town gained publicity in the early 1950s when President Dwight Eisenhower came to the area visiting his friend and fishing companion Balmore Swan of the Swan Hereford Ranch. Businesses in town focused upon the tourist trade, with several automobile garages and service stations, a rest stop and confectionary, new hotels, novelty shops, a bar and café, a liquor store and an antique shop among others in the 1950 business listings. By 1956 new businesses were all devoted to tourists and included several new hotels, two guest ranches, commercial trout fishing lakes and a television service company.89

By the end of the twentieth century Pine Grove’s population was about 90 to 100 year-round residents, with as many more in the summer. About half of the homes are seasonal. Community members are active in a variety of local organizations. A building that had served as a tavern and a drug store from 1885 to 1950, was acquired by the Platte Canyon Club which founded a library for the community. In 1975, library volunteers converted the record-keeping system of the library to the standard of the Jefferson County system and accessed the county-wide resource courier services for books and library materials. The library continues to serve the town. Across the highway is the North Fork Volunteer Fire Department facility; its support organization published a local cookbook and presents the annual Pine Grove Rhubarb Festival every summer. The Pine Grove Community Church is staffed by a year-round pastor in a 1950s building on the east side of town. A number of historic buildings have been restored for private and public use and several have been designated as Jefferson County landmarks. On October 2004, as a result of a local citizen effort, the U. S. Board on Geographic Names officially changed the name of the community to Pine Grove, returning the town’s designation to its historic name.

89 Norman, “Reconnaissance Survey Report”, p. 222; Colorado State Business Directory, 1950, 1956.

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North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Results

SECTION 6 RESULTS

North Fork Historic District Survey Report Results

Section 6: Results and Survey Log

The end of this Section tabulates the surveyed resources with identification of their contributing/noncontributing status and recommendations of individual eligibility to the National Register. Table 1 is sorted by resource number and by community. Federal and state historical agencies, including the Colorado Historical Society, use a consistent numbering system to document historic properties. In Jefferson County Colorado the numbers begin with 5JF, followed by three or four digits that track the chronological order in which the resource was documented by a Colorado Cultural Resources Survey Inventory Form. While most of the North Fork resources have numbers between 5JF.3934 and 5JF.4164, some have lower numbers, indicating that the resource was previously documented with an older inventory form.

Table 2 at the end of this Section is sorted by Jefferson County PIN and by community. PIN stands for Property Identification Number. This is the Jefferson County Assessor’s system of recording properties. Individual properties listed in Tables 1 and 2 can be located using the PIN system in the Assessor’s office, or by logging onto the Assessor’s website at www.co.jefferson.co.us/ats.

Three resources in the North Fork district are already individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places. These are La Hacienda 5JF.190; Blue Jay Inn 5JF.191; and Green Mercantile 5JF.192. The survey identified other potentially eligible resources. Surveyed resources were identified as contributing or noncontributing to the existing National Register district, or as contributing within a proposed district expansion.

A series of figures is included to orient the reader to the district, along with existing district boundaries, proposed district boundary modifications, key features of the natural setting, and locations of contributing and noncontributing properties. A list of figures can be found following the Table of Contents at the beginning of this survey report.

District Boundaries The North Fork of the South Platte Historic District is linear, following the North Fork and its adjacent roads and historic railroad grade through a narrow canyon (see fig. 2). The eastern boundary of the North Fork of the South Platte River Historic District is at the junction of the North Fork of the South Platte River with the South Fork of the South Platte River, where the two forks join together to form the South Platte River (see fig. 3 in Section 4). This junction occurs at the county line between Jefferson and Douglas Counties in Colorado. The District follows the north bank of the North Fork of the South Platte River west from the Douglas County line to the Platte River Cabins complex at the west end of the town of Pine Grove. The District generally consists of the historic railroad grade, now Jefferson County Road 96 from South Platte to Buffalo Creek, and Jefferson County Road 126 from the southern end of the town of Buffalo Creek to the Platte River Cabins west of Pine Grove. Except where noted otherwise, the existing District boundary extends from the south bank of the North Fork to a line twenty feet from the north side of the road (see inset on fig. 14 in Section 7). The existing boundary is wider to encompass historic resources within the areas of Dome Rock, Foxton, Ferndale, Riverview, Buffalo Creek, Pine Grove and the Swan Hereford Ranch. However in Buffalo Creek and Pine Grove the existing boundaries are vaguely defined. A proposed boundary amendment will expand the boundaries to include Longview, parts of Foxton, Argyle, and the Platte River Cabins in Pine Grove (see fig. 14 in Section 7)

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Looking northeast at Cathedral Spires, 2005 Photograph by Len Lingo

Natural Setting The natural setting of the river is primarily subalpine, with steeply sloping land south of the river and north of the road. The road elevation within the District descends from the highest point at Pine Grove (elevation 6754) down to the South Platte River junction (approximate elevation 6100 feet). See figures 8 through 15 at the end of this section. Several substantial geological features, reaching heights of approximately 8000 feet, are within two miles and readily visible from the road. The most notable of these are Sheep Mountain, Raleigh Peak, Chair Rocks, Dome Rock, Banner Peak and Cathedral Spires. The river flows around large granite boulders within its banks in some locations. Along much of its route within the District the waterway has soft shallow sandy banks and low willow or oak vegetation that have endeared it to fishermen in both historic and present times. The North Fork follows a meandering route generally down to the southeast, with a few pronounced switchbacks, notably at Buffalo Creek, Last Resort Creek, and Longview. The adjacent land along most of the route is pine forest. Interestingly, historic photographs show that much of the area had been cleared of trees by lumbering during the early 1900s. The visual impact of the trees was much less then than it is today.

The River and the two adjacent County roads pass frequently in and out of the Pike National Forest and numerous privately owned inholdings. The Denver Water Board owns much of the property between South Platte and Foxton, including many of the properties within the communities of Longview and Dome Rock. Denver Water Board properties, except for the unused South Platte Hotel, are cabins rented out for recreational use on long-term leases. Other than Pike National Forest and Denver Water Board land, the rest of the properties in the district are in the hands of numerous private owners.

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Except for the towns of Pine Grove and Buffalo Creek, the district is sparsely populated. Much of the land is undeveloped. The river is popular with recreational fishermen, as it was during its historical period. Developed land is primarily single-family residential and much of it contains recreational or second homes. Commercial uses are fairly rare, except for the Green Mercantile in Buffalo Creek, and a few small businesses along County Road 126 in Pine Grove. The United States Forest Service owns and operates the Pike National Forest Work Center along Highway 126 in Buffalo Creek.

Architectural Styles Most of the historic architectural resources can be classified as one of the Late 19th and Early 20th Century American Movements architectural styles. There are many examples of Rustic, Pioneer Log, Craftsman, and Late Victorian styles, as well as 19th Century Commercial. Many of the surveyed buildings were classified generally as Late 19th and Early 20th Century American Movements rather than the more specific Craftsman, Rustic, or Late Victorian categories, because they contain elements of more than one style from that period. Buildings that have been extensively modified or that do not fall into any of the Colorado Historical Society Lexicon categories were classified as No Style.

Tour of the District Beginning at the east end of the District, Jefferson County Road 96 near the South Platte Hotel is a dirt and gravel road about 25 feet in width, with no shoulder and no side ditches. The road very closely follows the north bank of the North Fork of the South Platte River, generally no more than about 15 feet removed from the river. See figure 8 at the end of this section. There are occasional marked parking areas along the side of the road and numerous fences at private property. Overhead power lines occasionally cross the road, but do not parallel it, between South Platte and Riverview.

Looking southeast at the North Fork and County Road 96 near South Platte, 2005 Photo by Len Lingo

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Longview The 1974 historic district nomination did not include Longview within the boundaries. The 2007 boundary amendment proposes adding Longview to the district (see figs. 14 and 16 in Section 7).

The community of Longview is above the road on the north side. Longview is situated within a bend in the river, allowing its residents a “long view” of the river in both directions. See figure 8 at the end of this section. There are two access drives from the road into Longview. Longview consists of an informal arrangement of small recreational cabins owned and leased by the Denver Water Board, as well as some privately owned year-round residences. Longview residences exhibit many elements of the Rustic style, with split log siding, prominent porches, and hipped roofs.

Looking north at Longview from County Road 96, 2005 Photograph by Len Lingo

Dome Rock The community of Dome Rock is situated on both sides of the road, just northwest of Longview. The community gets its name from the prominent geological feature of the same name, south of the river. See figure 8 at the end of this section. The prominent feature of Cathedral Spires is north of the road. Dome Rock buildings exhibit some elements of Rustic, Craftsman, and Pioneer Log styles. Buildings south of the road in Dome Rock are very closely related to the river, perched on narrow parcels of land between the road and the river. Buildings north of the road in Dome Rock are informally arranged on a hillside sloping up to the north. Also like Longview, Dome Rock consists of a combination of Denver Water Board cabins leased for recreational purposes, and some privately-owned residences. Some of the privately-owned residences are year-round primary residences and some are seasonal recreational cabins. The next manmade resources west of Dome Rock are the 1899 Westall Monument with its iron-fenced gravesite. The monument commemorates train engineer Westall who lost his life in a train wreck.

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Looking northwest at Dome Rock, 2005 Photograph by Len Lingo

Foxton Foxton Road intersects County Road 96 near the Last Resort Creek. Foxton Road is a paved and follows Kennedy Gulch down from US Highway 285 from the north. Foxton Road ends at County Road 96 near Last Resort Creek. There is an unpaved road along Last Resort Creek. West of Foxton Road, County Road 96 has a firmer oiled road base, although it is still not a paved road. Just west of Foxton Road, the river and the highway turn to the southwest, a direction both generally continue to follow all the way to Buffalo Creek. See figure 9 at the end of this section.

The community of Foxton is southwest of the Foxton Road intersection. There is an informal “ford” of the river at the town of Foxton. The Foxton Post Office is a well-recognized historic building, very close to the north side of the road at the town of Foxton. There are historic resources in Foxton on both sides of the river, but most of the buildings are on the north side. Most of the architectural resources at Foxton are of the Late 19th and Early 20th Century American Movements style. This entire community is owned by the Denver Water Board, which holds long-term leases for recreational purposes.

The 1974 historic district boundaries included some, but not all, of the historic resources at Foxton. The 2007 boundary amendment recommends expansion of the district to include all of Foxton’s contributing resources (see figs 14 and 18 in Section 7).

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Looking northeast at the North Fork of the South Platte near Foxton, 2005 Photograph by Len Lingo

Looking northeast at Foxton, 2005 Photograph by Len Lingo

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Argyle Southwest of Foxton, the historic resources at Argyle are sited on a wide, open, flat bench on the south side of the river, with private locked footbridge access. The prominent geological feature of Chair Rocks forms the backdrop for Argyle to the southeast. See figure 9 at the end of this section. Argyle, also previously known as Peterhead and Granite Spur, was associated with a major granite quarrying business. Historic resources at Argyle are of the Craftsman and Late 19th and Early 20th Century American Movements styles. The primary resources consist of a long one-story dining hall, cabins and three houses. Argyle was always used privately for family recreational use, and remains in the hands of the same family to the present.

The 1974 nomination boundaries did not include Argyle. The 2007 amendment proposes expanding the boundaries to include this area (figs. 14 and 19 in Section 7).

Looking southeast at Argyle and Chair Rocks, 2005 Photograph by Len Lingo

Between Argyle and Ferndale the canyon is rocky and the river flows around many large boulders within its banks. There are remnants of a bridge in the river, but the bridge’s original location is unknown.

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Ferndale Southwest from Argyle, the Ferndale community is on the opposite (southeast) side of the river from the highway, accessed by a private footbridge. The large recreational residences are privately owned by several individual owners. These Rustic-style log houses are two and three stories in height and all similar in style although they are separately owned. They are built on a steep, heavily forested north- facing slope and not clearly visible from the highway. See figure 10 at the end of this section.

Looking south at Ferndale private bridge, 2005 Photograph by Len Lingo

Two private residences between Ferndale and Riverview are on the south side of the river. These residences are accessed by a nonhistoric wood framed footbridge that is built on larger historic stone abutments from a previous bridge.

Riverview The settlement of Riverview is located on the north side of County Road 96 just east of the town of Buffalo Creek. It is opposite the location where the creek by the same name flows into the North Fork. See figures 10 and 11 at the end of this section. Riverview is under single private ownership as a recreational property. It includes two year-round houses, several recreational cabins and a large stable for horses, arranged along a private looped drive within a pine forest.

Along the north side of the highway at Riverview, there are historic stone retaining walls constructed of drylaid rubble granite, battered, about two feet high and several hundred feet in length. West from Riverview, the land adjacent to the road and the river is flatter. The landscape has a more open feeling with wider views in both directions. Beginning at Riverview, and moving towards the west, overhead power lines follow the road.

6 - 9 North Fork Historic District Survey Report Results

Buffalo Creek The historic Green Mercantile property (5JF.192) is on flat land north of the river, just east of the intersection of County Roads 96 and 126, in the town of Buffalo Creek. See figure 11 at the end of this section. There is a drylaid rubble stone retaining wall along the north side of Highway 96 opposite the Green Mercantile property. The Green Mercantile, individually listed on the National Register, is an example of 19th Century Commercial style architecture.

Looking east at The Green Mercantile (5JF.192) 2005 Photograph by Len Lingo

County Road 96 ends at County Road 126 in Buffalo Creek. County Road 126 is a paved and striped asphalt road that generally follows the North Fork River northwest from Buffalo Creek to Pine Grove. Highway 126 goes southeast from Buffalo Creek along Sand Draw. At the intersection of County Roads 96 and 126 is St. Elizabeth’s Catholic Church.

The 1974 Historic District nomination boundaries are vague in Buffalo Creek. It appears that the intent was to include the older developed areas of Buffalo Creek whether or not they are adjacent to the North Fork River, but the exact existing boundaries are not clearly defined.

County Road 96 follows the north side of the river and the historic railroad bed from South Platte to the intersection with Highway 126 in Buffalo Creek. See figure 11 at the end of this section. Here the river takes a sharp bend to the north. For about one half mile at this location, the railroad took a straighter path, crossing the river twice at the east end of the historic Swan Hereford Ranch. See figure 11 at the end of this section. County Road 126 follows the sharp bend along the north side of the river rather than the railroad bed at this location. The railroad bridges are no longer extant, but the stone abutments still exist on private ranch property on both sides of the river (5JF.189.6).

6 - 10 North Fork Historic District Survey Report Results

To the south of this intersection in Buffalo Creek, historic Christmas Hill sits on a triangular-shaped piece of property bounded by the North Fork River, Buffalo Creek (the creek), and County Road 126. Christmas Hill is the site of privately owned, large homes that are constructed for year-round use although most are used seasonally as second homes. The homes are laid out along a steep and narrow looped road system within a fairly dense pine forest, resulting in limited visibility and a feeling of privacy for each home. Christmas Hill is home to the individually-listed National Register Shingle-style property La Hacienda (5JF.190); Jefferson County landmark Little Chapel in the Hills and its historic cemetery; and many fine examples of Shingle, Rustic, and Late Victorian architecture.

Looking west at The Little Chapel in the Hills and cemetery, 2005 Photograph by Len Lingo

The rest of the town of Buffalo Creek is south of the creek on both sides of County Road 126. The US Forest Service Buffalo Creek Work Center complex is on the northeast side of Highway 126, just southeast of the creek. North of the highway is the Hudson Hotel (5JF.189.15) complex, and there are private residences aligned along streets that are mostly parallel or perpendicular to the highway. The area generally slopes up to the east and is lightly forested with pines. Residences in this area are privately owned and generally constructed for year-round use. Many appear to be primary residences. Some excellent Craftsman and Late Victorian examples exist. At the north and southeast edges of this area, newer homes have been built since 2000.

6 - 11 North Fork Historic District Survey Report Results

Looking southeast along County Road 126 in Buffalo Creek, with Hudson Hotel 5JF.189.15 and Forest Service Work Center 5JF.1001, 2005. Photograph by Len Lingo

South of County Road 126, the historic Blue Jay Inn complex (5JF.191) is along the east side of the creek. This excellent example of Shingle Style architecture is individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The property is presently vacant. Further to the southeast, another historic development of homes is aligned along a series of streets that are perpendicular to the highway. These homes are a mix of primary residences and second homes, with examples of Rustic, Craftsman, and Late Victorian styles. The land generally slopes up to the south and is lightly forested. Newer homes have been built recently at the southeast and southwest edges of this area.

Looking northwest at the Blue Jay Inn 5JF.189.6, 2005 Photograph by Len Lingo

Swan Hereford Ranch

6 - 12 North Fork Historic District Survey Report Results

Between the towns of Buffalo Creek and Pine Grove, the North Fork follows a meandering path to the northeast through a long open wetlands meadow within the Swan Hereford Ranch (5JF.189.6). See figures 11and 12 at the end of this section. The privately-owned ranch is long and narrow, about two miles long and about 1000 feet wide comprising approximately 1084 acres and extending from the west end of Buffalo Creek to the east end of Pine Grove. The ranch includes Rustic and Craftsman examples, with several year-round houses and stables. It is an active livestock ranch.

Looking west at Swan Hereford Ranch 5JF.189.6, 2005 Photograph by Len Lingo

Within the Swan Hereford Ranch the historic railroad grade and the current County Road 126 take a straighter path that generally follows the river but is more removed from it. In some locations the highway (and historic railroad grade) are as much as 1000 feet away from the river.

Pine Grove The town of Pine Grove, at the west end of the district, is laid out on both sides of County Road126, with more development to the north of the highway than to the south. Development along the highway is predominantly commercial, with residences located on side streets. The visual relationship to the river is less pronounced in Pine Grove than elsewhere in the district due to the preponderance of historic and nonhistoric buildings along the highway within the town. At the west end of town the highway turns north, away from the River entirely, and follows Pine Gulch northwest to US Highway 285. See figure 13 at the end of this section.

The 1974 nomination historic district boundaries are vague around Pine Grove. The Platte River Cabins at the southwest end of town were clearly not included, and the 2007 district boundary amendment

6 - 13 North Fork Historic District Survey Report Results recommends adding that complex to the district. Other areas where the boundaries are unclear are recommended for addition in a comprehensive future boundary amendment.

Unlike Buffalo Creek, many of the residences in Pine Grove are year-round primary residences. North of the highway, the houses are aligned along a grid roadway system of unpaved roads. The land generally slopes up to the north and is very lightly forested with pines. At the north edge of this area, the land is steeper, the roads become winding, and the pine forest is heavier. Buildings are a variety of styles. The area features many newer buildings and some heavily modified historic ones.

Key historic buildings north of the highway in Pine Grove include the Pine School (5JF.189.3), Post Office (5JF.189.14), the historic church (5JF.189.9), the Rustic Mantel store, Pine Emporium store, and several historic residences of Late Victorian style associated with significant local figures.

Looking northeast at Pine Grove School 5JF.189.3, 2004 Photograph by Len Lingo

Looking northwest at Prosser Hotel 5JF.189.1, 2004 Photograph by Len Lingo

6 - 14 North Fork Historic District Survey Report Results

A group of Rustic-style historic cabins east of Pine Grove along Brynmawr and Courtright Streets is locally reputed to be railroad worker housing, but definitive documentation has yet to be found. The cabins are owned by different private owners, and are in various states of integrity due to remodeling projects and weather impacts.

A second set of cabins along Cedar Avenue in the town also appears to be a set. These log-sided cabins exhibit some Rustic characteristics. They are under separate, individual, private ownership and were built for seasonal recreational use. They are in various states of repair as a result of remodeling projects and weather impacts.

Looking southeast at one of the cabins on Cedar Avenue, Pine Grove, 2004 Photograph by Len Lingo

A third set of buildings that seems architecturally distinct is along Park Avenue, at the north end of town. These are second homes of substantial construction. Unlike the two sets of cabins, these buildings are not of identical construction, but merely have similarities. These are of Craftsman Style and Late 19th/Early 20th Century influence.

South of the highway in Pine Grove features flat land with a mixture of historic and newer properties. The historic railroad yard property is vacant, which helps to preserve some of the feeling this area once had. Newer commercial properties are located along the highway, and residences, mostly year-round, appear along side streets further south. A few residential properties are south of the river, accessed by private locked bridge.

6 - 15 North Fork Historic District Survey Report Results

Looking east at Pine Grove, 2005 Photograph by Len Lingo

The following pages contain figures 8 through 30. Figures 8 through 13 are enhanced USGS maps of each area, showing natural setting features such as topography, watercourses, and prominent peaks. Figure 14 is a map of the entire historic district, showing proposed district expansion areas.

Figures 15 through 30 are enlarged partial maps of the historic district, from east to west. Each figure contains a key plan locating that figure within the entire district. Individual resources are labeled with their state site numbers. Individual resources are identified with a filled-in triangle symbol if they were field-determined to be contributing to the historic district, and with a circle outline if they were field- determined to be non-contributing to the historic district. Resources not in the current district, and not in the 2007 expansion areas, but field-determined to be contributing if the district is expanded in the future, are identified with a triangle outline symbol. Figure 15 is a map of the east end of the historic district, including South Platte, Longview, and Dome Rock.

Proposed district expansion areas are shown in Figure 16 (Longview); Figure 18 (Foxton); Figure 19 (Argyle); and Figure 30 (Pine Grove cabins). The district expansion area maps show the existing district boundaries and proposed district boundaries, with the expansion areas shaded for clarity. The two large towns of Buffalo Creek and Pine Grove are shown in multiple maps due to their sizes. Figure 20 shows the entire town of Buffalo Creek, with enlarged maps on Figures 21 through 25 keyed in graphically. Figure 26 shows the entire town of Pine Grove, with enlarge maps on Figures 27 through 30 keyed in.

At the end of this section are Tables 1 and 2. Table 1 tabulates resources sorted by resource number (state site number). Table 2 tabulates resources by PIN. Table 3 is a table of resources within the district that are currently individually listed on the National Register.

6 - 16

TABLE 1 SORTED BY RESOURCE NUMBER ResourceNumber PIN Number Street CurrentBldgName Individual NR Eligible In Current District In Expansion Area Contributing

South Platte

5JF.2831 70-161-00-001SPH SOUTH PLATTE HOTEL Yes Yes NA Yes

Longview

5JF.3934 70-161-00-001LV1 NO ADDRESS Longview #1 No No Yes Yes

5JF.3935 70-161-00-001LV4 17525 COUNTY RD 96 Longview #4 No No Yes Yes

5JF.3936 70-161-00-001LV5 NO ADDRESS Longview #5 No No Yes No

5JF.3937 70-161-00-001LV8 NO ADDRESS LONGVIEW #8 No No Yes Yes

5JF.3938 70-161-00-001LV9 17495 COUNTY ROAD 96 #9 SPANISH PINE CONE No No Yes Yes

5JF.3939 70-262-00-001 17355 COUNTY RD 96 CARRIER RESIDENCE No No Yes No

5JF.3940 70-262-00-002 17365 COUNTY RD 96 BEITTEL RESIDENCE No No Yes Yes

5JF.3941 70-262-00-004 17485 COUNTY RD 96 WARTHEN RESIDENCE No No Yes Yes

5JF.3942 70-262-00-005 17465 COUNTY RD 96 BRADY RESIDENCE No No Yes Yes

5JF.3943 70-262-00-006 17435 PLATTE RIVER MICHEL RESIDENCE No No Yes Yes

5JF.3944 70-262-00-007 17425 COUNTY ROAD 96 MICHEL RESIDENCE No No Yes No

5JF.3945 70-262-00-008 17466 COUNTY RD 96 NONE No Yes NA No

5JF.3946 70-262-00-009 17516 COUNTY RD 96 COMMUNITY WATER STORAGE No No Yes NA

5JF.3947 70-262-00-00N COUNTY RD 96 DUNNING RESIDENCE No No No NA

Dome Rock

5JF.3948 70-161-00-001DANCE 17756 COUNTY ROAD 96 VACANT/NOT IN USE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.3949 70-233-00-003 0 FOXTON VAN VLEET RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.3950 70-233-00-004 PLATTE RIVER RYAN RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.3951 70-233-00-006 PLATTE RIVER GALLATIN RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.3952 70-233-00-007 COUNTY ROAD 96 NONE No Yes NA No

5JF.3953 70-233-00-008 17745 PLATTE RIVER HEERN RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.3954 70-233-00-009 0 PLATTE RIVER TURPIN RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.3955 70-233-00-010 17736 COUNTY ROAD 96 STEVENS RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.3956 70-233-00-011 17726 COUNTY ROAD 96 EGGER RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes Between Dome Rock and Foxton

5JF.3957 70-211-00-001 MTN PRPTY GERTJE RESIDENCE No No No NA

Foxton

5JF.2479 70-161-00-001FX13 15825 PLATTE RIVER FOXTON POST OFFICE Yes Yes NA Yes

5JF.3958 70-161-00-001FX01 FOXTON ROAD FOXTON #1 No No Yes Yes

5JF.3959 70-161-00-001FX02 FOXTON ROAD NONE No No Yes Yes

5JF.3960 70-161-00-001FX03 15805 PLATTE RIVER THE WHITE HOUSE No Yes NA No

5JF.3961 70-161-00-001FX04 15805 PLATTE RIVER PALACE ON THE PLATTE, KNOTTY PINE INN No Yes NA Yes

5JF.3962 70-161-00-001FX05 15805 PLATTE RIVER THE LITTLE OFFICE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.3963 70-161-00-001FX06 15805 PLATTE RIVER FOXTON ON THE PLATTE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.3964 70-161-00-001FX07 15805 PLATTE RIVER DAN'S IN, FOX HOLE No Yes NA No

5JF.3965 70-161-00-001FX10 15805 PLATTE RIVER PARK SIDING, FOXTON #10 No No Yes Yes

5JF.3966 70-161-00-001FX11 15805 PLATTE RIVER FOXTON NO. 11 No Yes NA Yes

5JF.3967 70-161-00-001FX12 15805 PLATTE RIVER FOXTON #12 No No Yes Yes

5JF.3969 70-161-00-001FX14 15805 PLATTE RIVER CABIN ON THE ROCK No No Yes Yes

5JF.3970 70-161-00-001FX15 VACANT LAND WATER TANK BASE No No NO NA

5JF.3971 70-161-00-001FX_AR FOXTON ROAD No No Note 1 Note 1

Argyle

5JF.3972 70-291-00-001A1 MTN PRPTY MAIN HOUSE Need Data No Yes Yes

5JF.3972 70-291-00-001A2 MTN PRPTY HOUSE #2 Need Data No Yes Yes

5JF.3972 70-291-00-001A3 MTN PRPTY HOUSE #3 Need Data No Yes Yes

5JF.3972 70-291-00-001A4 MTN PRPTY DINING HALL Need Data No Yes Yes

Ferndale

5JF.3973 70-293-01-001 16866 PLATTE RIVER PORTER RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.3974 70-293-01-002 16876 PLATTE RIVER GARDNER RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.3975 70-293-01-003 16886 PLATTE RIVER MULLIN RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.3976 70-293-01-004 16900 PLATTE RIVER CLARK RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.3977 70-293-01-005 16906 PLATTE RIVER LONGBROOK RES. No Yes NA Yes

Table 1 - 1 TABLE 1 SORTED BY RESOURCE NUMBER ResourceNumber PIN Number Street CurrentBldgName Individual NR Eligible In Current District In Expansion Area Contributing

5JF.3978 70-293-99-001 16916 PLATTE RIVER ROBINSON RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

Between Ferndale and Riverview

5JF.3979 70-304-00-003 17025 PLATTE RIVER NEWMAN RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.3980 70-304-00-004 17045 PLATTE RIVER TURNER RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.3981 70-304-00-005 17105 PLATTE RIVER DENVER WATER BOARD RENTAL PROPERTY No No Note 1 Note 1

5JF.3982 70-304-00-006 17126 COUNTY RD 96 OHONJAN RESIDENCE No No Note 1 Note 1

5JF.3983 70-304-00-007 17136 COUNTY RD 96 PRIEST RESIDENCE No No No NA

Riverview

5JF.189.7 70-312-00-001RV8 17445 PLATTE RIVER RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.3984 70-312-00-001RV1 17445 PLATTE RIVER RIVERVIEW NO. 1 No Yes NA Yes

5JF.3985 70-312-00-001RV3 17445 PLATTE RIVER GIN-ARD, #3 No Yes NA Yes

5JF.3986 70-312-00-001RV4 17445 PLATTE RIVER RIVERVIEW #4 No Yes NA Yes

5JF.3987 70-312-00-001RV9 17445 PLATTE RIVER HONEYMOONER, RIVERVIEW #9 No Yes NA Yes

Buffalo Creek

5JF.189.10 70-313-99-008 17760 COUNTY RD 96 GREEN RESIDENCE No No Yes Yes

5JF.189.13 80-062-10-005 23953 LOGAN SHISSLER RESIDENCE, Miramonte Yes Yes NA Yes

5JF.189.15 70-313-01-031CABINS 18060 GROVE LOGAN RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.189.15 70-313-01-031HOUSE 18060 GROVE LOGAN RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.189.15 70-313-01-031HOTEL 18060 GROVE LOGAN RESIDENCE Need Data Yes NA Yes

5JF.190 70-313-01-001A 23555 HILLTOP LA HACIENDA Listed Yes NA Yes

5JF.190 70-313-01-001Barn 23555 HILLTOP LA HACIENDA STABLE Listed Yes NA Yes

5JF.190 70-313-99-001A 23565 HILLTOP HART RESIDENCE Listed Yes NA Yes

5JF.190 70-313-99-001B 23565 HILLTOP HART RESIDENCE Listed Yes NA Yes

5JF.191 80-062-00-004 18051 COUNTY RD 126 RAMUS PROPERTY Listed Yes NA Yes

5JF.192 70-313-01-016 17706 COUNTY RD 96 J W GREEN MERCANTILE Listed Yes NA Yes

5JF.1001 70-313-00-007ADMIN Highway 126 Buffalo Creek Work Center Office No Yes NA Yes

5JF.1001 70-313-00-007Dorm Highway 126 Buffalo Creek Work Dormitory No Yes NA No

5JF.1001 70-313-00-007Dwell Highway 126 Buffalo Creek Work Center Dwelling No Yes NA Yes

5JF.1001 70-313-00-007Garage1 Highway 126 Buffalo Creek Work Center Garage No Yes NA Yes

5JF.1001 70-313-00-007Garage2 Highway 126 Buffalo Creek Work Center Garage No Yes NA No

5JF.1001 70-313-00-007SITE Highway 126 SITE, Buffalo Creek Work Center No Yes NA Yes

5JF.3631 70-313-01-023 24001 HILLTOP LITTLE CHAPEL IN HILLS No Yes NA Note 3

5JF.3988 70-313-00-002 17975 COUNTY RD 126 RETREAT BUILDING No Yes NA Yes

5JF.3989 70-313-00-003 17981 COUNTY RD 126 PRIEST RESIDENCE (School) Yes No Note 2 Note 2

5JF.3990 70-313-00-005 17901 HWY 126 FOSTER RESIDENCE No No Note 2 Note 2

5JF.3991 70-313-01-004 17810 COUNTY RD 126 CROSBY/ZEIGER RESIDENCE Need Data Yes NA Yes

5JF.3992 70-313-01-005 17830 COUNTY RD 126 PORTER/LANG RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.3993 70-313-01-007 17850 COUNTY RD 126 HAKANSON RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.3994 70-313-01-011 24021 HILLTOP GREEN CABIN No Yes NA Yes

5JF.3994 70-313-01-012 24001 HILLTOP GREEN RESIDENCE #1 No Yes NA Yes

5JF.3994 70-313-01-014 24011 HILLTOP GREEN RESIDENCE #2 Yes Yes NA Yes

5JF.3995 70-313-01-018 MTN PRPTY DAVEY RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.3996 70-313-01-020 17673 KINNIKINIC HAMILTON RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.3997 70-313-01-021 23925 HILLTOP BENEDICT RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.3998 70-313-01-022 23935 HILLTOP DANIELS RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.3999 70-313-01-025 17672 HILLTOP WILCOX RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

Buffalo Creek

5JF.4000 70-313-01-026 23930 HILLTOP WEED RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4001 70-313-01-027A 17870 COUNTY RD 126 DOENGES RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4002 70-313-01-028 MTN PRPTY DOENGES RESIDENCE #2 No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4002 70-313-01-029 17870 COUNTY RD 126 DOENGES RESIDENCE #3 No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4003 70-313-01-030 23880 HILLTOP WEED RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4004 70-313-01-036 23989 HARRISON NASTLEY RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4005 70-313-01-037 24049 HARRISON FYLES RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4006 70-313-01-038 23969 HARRISON BAUMAN RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4007 70-313-01-039 23919 HARRISON READ RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4008 70-313-02-001 23980 HARRISON GILBERT RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4009 70-313-02-002 18056 PINE NELSON RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

Table 1 - 2 TABLE 1 SORTED BY RESOURCE NUMBER ResourceNumber PIN Number Street CurrentBldgName Individual NR Eligible In Current District In Expansion Area Contributing

5JF.4010 70-314-00-001 MTN PRPTY WATERMAN RES. No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4011 71-364-00-003 No Address CTY RD 126 ST ELIZABETH CHURCH No Yes NA No

5JF.4012 80-061-00-003 18218 COUNTY RD 126 MAYES RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.4013 80-061-01-002 23876 LOGAN TOBIN RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.4014 80-061-02-001 23651 PINE TOP RIDGE HOUSE Yes Yes NA Yes

5JF.4015 80-061-04-001 23701 PINE TOP SMITH RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4016 80-061-05-003 23724 PINE TOP SMITH RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4017 80-061-05-004 23744 PINE TOP BARRETT RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.4018 80-061-05-006 23671 SUMMIT RYAN RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.4019 80-061-99-002 23654 PINE TOP TOBIN RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4020 80-062-00-002 24183 GRANT ENIX RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.4021 80-062-00-006 18050 BUFFALO CREEK COMMUNITY BUILDING No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4022 80-062-01-001 23903 SHERMAN FREDERICKSON RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4023 80-062-01-004 18094 PINE CLEVELAND RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.4024 80-062-02-001 18106 PINE RAINEY RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.4025 80-062-03-002 18077 PINE LACAGNINA RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.4026 80-062-03-004 23933 SHERMAN PELANDER RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4027 80-062-03-007 18080 GROVE KORFHAGE RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4028 80-062-03-008 18076 GROVE BRADY RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4029 80-062-03-009 18070 GROVE VAN DE MARK JOCHEMS RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4030 80-062-04-003 18065 GROVE GEISER PROPERTY No Yes NA No

5JF.4031 80-062-04-004 18081 COUNTY RD 126 The Robyotte, SPRADLIN RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4032 80-062-04-005 18085 GROVE SKINNER RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4033 80-062-04-006 18087 GROVE La Siesta, Lombard Residence No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4034 80-062-05-001A 24173 GRANT LANG PROPERTY No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4034 80-062-05-001B 24173 GRANT LANG PROPERTY No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4034 80-062-05-001C 24173 GRANT LANG PROPERTY No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4034 80-062-05-001D 24173 GRANT LANG PROPERTY No Yes NA Yes

Buffalo Creek

5JF.4034 80-062-05-001Main 24173 GRANT LANG PROPERTY No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4035 80-062-06-001 24152 GRANT SMALL RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4036 80-062-06-002 21534 COUNTY RD 126 TAYLOR RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4037 80-062-06-003 24113 SHERMAN WELSH RESIDENCE, Pine Shadows No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4038 80-062-06-004 24192 GRANT GRAVES RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4039 80-062-06-005 24332 GRANT SMITH RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4040 80-062-07-001 23913 LINCOLN DASHER RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4041 80-062-07-002 24012 SHERMAN BYARS RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4042 80-062-07-003 24082 SHERMAN SANDELL RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4043 80-062-07-004 24023 LINCOLN HEFLEN RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4044 80-062-07-005 24063 LINCOLN RYDER RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4045 80-062-07-007 23926 LINCOLN PINE CONE No Yes NA No

5JF.4046 80-062-07-008 24113 LINCOLN WENTWORTH RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4047 80-062-07-009 24123 LINCOLN NO NAME No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4048 80-062-07-011 24112 SHERMAN HEFLEN RESIDENCE Yes Yes NA Yes

5JF.4049 80-062-08-001 23932 SHERMAN KELLY RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4050 80-062-08-002 23952 SHERMAN SAURINI RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.4051 80-062-08-003 18106 COUNTY RD 126 KEENE RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.4052 80-062-10-003 23893 LOGAN LEHMAN RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.4053 80-062-10-006 24136 LINCOLN NEWMAN RESIDENCE, Hillhead No Yes NA No

5JF.4054 80-062-10-008 23803 LOGAN HENDRICKSON No Yes NA No

5JF.4055 80-062-11-001 23806 LOGAN ANDERSON RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.4056 80-062-11-002 23826 LOGAN COLLINS RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.4057 80-062-11-003 23856 LOGAN MACLEAN RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.4058 80-062-11-004 23801 PINE TOP GRANT RESIDENCE, Brown Wren Yes Yes NA Yes

5JF.4059 80-062-11-005 23906 LOGAN THOMPSON RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4060 80-062-11-006 23916 LOGAN WHITESIDES RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.4061 80-062-11-007 23926 LOGAN WRAY RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4062 80-062-11-008 23946 LOGAN MILLER RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.4063 80-062-11-009 23966 LOGAN COHEE RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4064 80-062-11-011 23861 PINE TOP WHITESIDES RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4065 80-062-11-012 MTN PRPTY CHURCHWELL No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4066 80-062-11-013 23781 PINETOP GOUNTANIS No Yes NA No

5JF.4067 80-062-11-014 23741 PINE TOP BEASON RESIDENCE, BROWN WREN No Yes NA Yes

Table 1 - 3 TABLE 1 SORTED BY RESOURCE NUMBER ResourceNumber PIN Number Street CurrentBldgName Individual NR Eligible In Current District In Expansion Area Contributing

5JF.4068 80-062-13-001 23764 PINE TOP OSBORN RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4069 80-062-13-002 23824 PINE TOP DAVIDSON RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4070 80-062-13-003 23884 PINE TOP SMITH RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4071 80-062-13-004 23721 SUMMIT CAMPBELL RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4072 80-062-99-001 24322 GRANT SMALL RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

Buffalo Creek

5JF.4073 80-062-99-002 24314 GRANT KROUSE RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4073 80-062-99-002A 24312 GRANT KROUSE RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4073 80-062-99-002B 24302 GRANT KROUSE RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4074 80-062-99-003 23996 LOGAN MURPHY RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

Pine Grove

5JF.189.1 71-274-09-009 28267 GROVE AHR RESIDENCE Yes Yes NA Yes

5JF.189.14 71-274-11-002 16935 ELK CREEK MIZNER RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.189.2 71-274-03-00N 16874 ELK CREEK PINE GROVE CEMETERY No No Yes Yes

5JF.189.3 71-273-04-001 16874 7TH GREENE RESIDENCE Yes Yes NA Yes

5JF.189.9 71-273-08-003 16624 MTN PRPTY PINE GROVE COMMUNITY CENTER Yes Yes NA Yes

5JF.4075 71-263-00-002 16751 BRYNMAWR OWSIANY RESIDENCE No No No No

5JF.4076 71-263-00-003 27410 COURTRIGHT WALTMAN RESIDENCE No No Note 1 Note 1

5JF.4077 71-263-00-004 MTN PRPTY MERA PROPERTY No No Note 1 Note 1

5JF.4078 71-263-00-005 27497 COURTRIGHT WOOD RESIDENCE No No Note 1 Note 1

5JF.4079 71-263-00-006 16791 BRYNMAWR OWSIANY RESIDENCE No No Note 1 Note 1

5JF.4080 71-263-00-007 27607 COURTRIGHT GOMEZ RESIDENCE No No Note 1 Note 1

5JF.4081 71-263-00-010 27507 BRYNMAWR ROMERO RESIDENCE No No Note 1 Note 1

5JF.4082 71-271-02-003 16766 4TH MOTT RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.4083 71-271-02-006 16755 ELK CREEK LOCKMON RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4084 71-271-03-001 28387 PARK WARD RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.4085 71-271-03-002 28427 PARK DIETEMANN RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4086 71-271-04-001 28457 PARK DIETER RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4087 71-271-04-002 28497 PARK HUMPHREYS RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4088 71-271-05-001 28488 PARK O NEALL RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.4089 71-271-05-002 16745 6TH JOHNSON RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.4090 71-271-06-001 28368 PARK MAJORS RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4091 71-271-06-003 28377 DAKE SCHAETZEL RES. No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4092 71-271-09-002 16765 4TH WILCOX RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4093 71-271-09-005 28277 CEDAR CARMICHAEL RES. No Yes NA No

5JF.4094 71-271-10-001 16805 5TH GOLDEN RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4095 71-271-10-002 28408 MORRISON NEBEL RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4096 71-271-10-003 28438 MORRISON CONNELY RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4097 71-272-01-003 28717 PARK LINKE RESIDENCE No No Note 1 Note 1

5JF.4098 71-272-01-004 28517 PARK WILLIAMS RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4099 71-272-01-007 28547 PARK PERKINS RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4100 71-272-02-002 28587 PARK GRIFFITH RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.4101 71-272-05-001 28568 PARK BLUE RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.4102 71-272-06-001 28548 PARK DRAWE RESIDENCE Yes Yes NA Yes

Pine Grove

5JF.4103 71-272-06-003 16755 7TH LIPPOTT RESIDENCE, Pete's Place No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4104 71-272-10-001 16845 7TH GABERT RESIDENCE No No Yes No

5JF.4105 71-273-00-006CLIFF 16525 PINE VALLEY CLIFF HOUSE No No Yes No

5JF.4105 71-273-00-006FREDS 16525 PINE VALLEY FRED'S CABIN No No Yes Yes

5JF.4105 71-273-00-006G 16525 PINE VALLEY CABIN #7 No No Yes Yes

5JF.4105 71-273-00-006HEMM 16525 PINE VALLEY HEMMINGWAY CABIN No No Yes Yes

5JF.4105 71-273-00-006KIM 16525 PINE VALLEY KIM'S CABIN No No Yes Yes

5JF.4105 71-273-00-006LEES 16525 PINE VALLEY LEE'S CABIN No No Yes Yes

5JF.4105 71-273-00-006MANAGER 16525 PINE VALLEY MANAGER'S HOUSE No No Yes No

5JF.4105 71-273-00-006MOON 16525 PINE VALLEY MOONRISE CABIN No No Yes Yes

5JF.4105 71-273-00-006RAPIDS 16525 PINE VALLEY RAPIDS No No Yes Yes

5JF.4105 71-273-00-006RIVER 16525 PINE VALLEY RIVERSONG No No Yes Yes

5JF.4105 71-273-00-006SITE 16525 PINE VALLEY SITE No No Yes Yes

5JF.4105 71-273-00-006SUN 16525 PINE VALLEY SUNDANCE No No Yes Yes

5JF.4106 71-273-00-008 16635 COUNTY RD 126 JONES RESIDENCE No No Yes Yes

5JF.4107 71-273-01-001 28458 CEDAR JACQUES RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

Table 1 - 4 TABLE 1 SORTED BY RESOURCE NUMBER ResourceNumber PIN Number Street CurrentBldgName Individual NR Eligible In Current District In Expansion Area Contributing

5JF.4108 71-273-01-002 28488 CEDAR RAIFAISEN RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.4109 71-273-02-001 16805 7TH MEDLEN RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.4110 71-273-03-002 16885 7TH VOKES RESIDENCE, THE HEATHER COTTAGE No Yes NA No

5JF.4111 71-273-05-002 28427 GROVE EVANS RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4112 71-273-06-001 16924 6TH SAHLIN RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4113 71-273-06-002 16670 COUNTY RD 126 WILLIAMS RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.4114 71-273-07-001 16935 6TH STEVENS RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.4115 71-273-07-002 16915 6TH RAINWATER RESIDENCE Yes Yes NA Yes

5JF.4116 71-273-07-004 16914 7TH TORNOW RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.4117 71-273-07-005 16654 COUNTY RD 126 MURRAY RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4118 71-273-07-006 16648 COUNTY RD 126 SHAW RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4119 71-273-07-007 16644 COUNTY RD 126 PHILIPS RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4120 71-273-07-008 16934 7TH TURNBULL RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4121 71-273-07-009 16634 COUNTY RD 126 SAMSON RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4122 71-273-08-002 16620 COUNTY RD 126 MC PHERSON RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4123 71-273-09-002 16644 6TH Robbers Roost, The Ratcliff Diggins No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4124 71-273-11-001 16681 JEFFERSON HALL RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.4125 71-273-99-001EAST 16610 COUNTY RD 126 MOONEY RESIDENCE Yes Yes NA Yes

5JF.4126 71-273-99-001WEST 16606 COUNTY RD 126 MOONEY RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4127 71-274-00-008 16821 BRYNMAWR WELCH RESIDENCE No No No No

5JF.4128 71-274-00-010 16935 COUNTY RD 126 DAVIES RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.4129 71-274-00-011 16801 COUNTY RD 126 ARNOLD RESIDENCE No No NA Yes

5JF.4130 71-274-00-021 27687 COURTRIGHT TUTOR RESIDENCE No No Note 1 Yes

5JF.4131 71-274-02-001 16804 4TH DAVIS RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

Pine Grove

5JF.4132 71-274-02-003 16844 4TH BRADY RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4133 71-274-02-005NW 16855 ELK CREEK MCILVAINE RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4133 71-274-02-005MAIN 16855 ELK CREEK MC ILVAINE RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4133 71-274-02-005SE 16855 ELK CREEK MC ILVAINE RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4134 71-274-02-008 16874 4TH GRISSOM RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4135 71-274-02-009 16884 4TH KERSHAW RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4136 71-274-06-002 16774 COUNTY RD 126 ROYBAL RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.4137 71-274-07-001 16764 COUNTY RD 126 RUNNING WOLF RESIDENCE No Yes NA No 71-274-08-001ICE 5JF.4138 HOUSE No Address NO ADDRESS NONE No Yes NA Yes 71-274-08-001POST 5JF.4138 OFFICE No Address NO ADDRESS NONE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4139 71-274-08-005 16730 COUNTY RD 126 ELEPHANT ROCK CAFÉ No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4140 71-274-08-007 16724 COUNTY RD 126 ROOD RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4141 71-274-08-008 16720 COUNTY RD 126 PINE LIBRARY No Yes NA No

5JF.4142 71-274-08-011 16744 COUNTY RD 126 THE RUSTIC MANTEL No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4143 71-274-08-NNN No Address COUNTY RD 126 NORTH FORK VOLUNTEER FIRE DEPARTMENT No Yes NA No

5JF.4144 71-274-09-001EAST 28288 CEDAR SAMFORD RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.4144 71-274-09-001MIDDLE 28308 CEDAR SAMFORD RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4144 71-274-09-001WEST 28318 CEDAR SAMFORD RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4145 71-274-09-003 28368 CEDAR MUNSELL RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4146 71-274-09-005 16844 6TH SAHLIN RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4147 71-274-09-013 28367 GROVE WHEELER RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4148 71-274-09-014 28417 GROVE BARENBRUGGE RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4149 71-274-09-017 28307 GROVE HENSEL RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4150 71-274-09-018 28388 CEDAR FISHERMEN'S LUCK No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4151 71-274-09-020 28428 CEDAR SAHLIN AND KNIGHT RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4152 71-274-10-002 28378 GROVE MONTGOMERY GARAGE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4153 71-274-10-003 16674 COUNTY RD 126 SHEA RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.4154 71-274-10-004 0 5TH EVANS RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4155 71-274-11-001 16934 5TH EVANS RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4156 71-274-11-003 16714 COUNTY RD 126 PINE EMPORIUM No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4157 71-274-11-004 16684 COUNTY RD 126 MULDOON RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4158 71-274-12-001 16685 COUNTY RD 126 LUMPKINS RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.4159 71-274-13-002 16697 JEFFERSON BAILLY RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.4160 71-274-13-003 16721 COUNTY RD 126 WILKINSON RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4161 71-274-13-004 16725 JEFFERSON HINGLEY RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4162 71-274-13-006 16745 JEFFERSON SAHLIN RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

5JF.4163 71-274-13-008 16765 JEFFERSON DRYNAN RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

5JF.4164 71-274-13-009 16785 COUNTY RD 126 JOHNSON RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

Table 1 - 5 TABLE 1 SORTED BY RESOURCE NUMBER ResourceNumber PIN Number Street CurrentBldgName Individual NR Eligible In Current District In Expansion Area Contributing

Swan Hereford

71-361-99-001 5JF.189.6 17265 COUNTY RD 126 SWAN HEREFORD No No Yes Yes

Note 1: Limited district expansion in 2007 does not include this resource. A future comprehensive district expansion is recommended, including this resource as a contributing resource.

Note 2: This property's status with respect to the existing North Fork district boundary in unclear. A limited district expansion in 2007 does not include this resource. A future compreehensive district expansion is recommended, including this resource as a contributing resource.

Note 3: The cemetary is a contributing resource and the chapel is a non-contributing resource.

Table 1 - 6 TABLE 2 SORTED BY PIN PIN ResourceNumber Number Street CurrentBldgName Individual NR Eligible In Current District In Expansion Area Contributing

South Platte

70-161-00-001SPH 5JF.2831 SOUTH PLATTE HOTEL Yes Yes NA Yes

Longview

70-161-00-001LV1 5JF.3934 NO ADDRESS Longview #1 No No Yes Yes

70-161-00-001LV4 5JF.3935 17525 COUNTY RD 96 Longview #4 No No Yes Yes

70-161-00-001LV5 5JF.3936 NO ADDRESS Longview #5 No No Yes No

70-161-00-001LV8 5JF.3937 NO ADDRESS LONGVIEW #8 No No Yes Yes

70-161-00-001LV9 5JF.3938 17495 COUNTY ROAD 96 #9 SPANISH PINE CONE No No Yes Yes

70-262-00-001 5JF.3939 17355 COUNTY RD 96 CARRIER RESIDENCE No No Yes No

70-262-00-002 5JF.3940 17365 COUNTY RD 96 BEITTEL RESIDENCE No No Yes Yes

70-262-00-004 5JF.3941 17485 COUNTY RD 96 WARTHEN RESIDENCE No No Yes Yes

70-262-00-005 5JF.3942 17465 COUNTY RD 96 BRADY RESIDENCE No No Yes Yes

70-262-00-006 5JF.3943 17435 PLATTE RIVER MICHEL RESIDENCE No No Yes Yes

70-262-00-007 5JF.3944 17425 COUNTY ROAD 96 MICHEL RESIDENCE No No Yes No

70-262-00-008 5JF.3945 17466 COUNTY RD 96 NONE No Yes NA No

70-262-00-009 5JF.3946 17516 COUNTY RD 96 COMMUNITY WATER STORAGE No No Yes NA

70-262-00-00N 5JF.3947 COUNTY RD 96 DUNNING RESIDENCE No No No NA

Dome Rock

70-233-00-003 5JF.3949 0 FOXTON VAN VLEET RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

70-233-00-004 5JF.3950 PLATTE RIVER RYAN RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

70-233-00-006 5JF.3951 PLATTE RIVER GALLATIN RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

70-233-00-007 5JF.3952 COUNTY ROAD 96 NONE No Yes NA No

70-233-00-008 5JF.3953 17745 PLATTE RIVER HEERN RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

70-233-00-009 5JF.3954 0 PLATTE RIVER TURPIN RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

70-233-00-010 5JF.3955 17736 COUNTY ROAD 96 STEVENS RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

70-233-00-011 5JF.3956 17726 COUNTY ROAD 96 EGGER RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

70-161-00-001DANCE 5JF.3948 17756 COUNTY ROAD 96 VACANT/NOT IN USE No Yes NA Yes Between Dome Rock and Foxton

70-211-00-001 5JF.3957 MTN PRPTY GERTJE RESIDENCE No No No NA

Foxton

70-161-00-001FX_AR 5JF.3971 FOXTON ROAD No No Note 1 Note 1

70-161-00-001FX01 5JF.3958 FOXTON ROAD FOXTON #1 No No Yes Yes

70-161-00-001FX10 5JF.3965 15805 PLATTE RIVER PARK SIDING, FOXTON #10 No No Yes Yes

70-161-00-001FX11 5JF.3966 15805 PLATTE RIVER FOXTON NO. 11 No Yes NA Yes

70-161-00-001FX12 5JF.3967 15805 PLATTE RIVER FOXTON #12 No No Yes Yes

70-161-00-001FX13 5JF.2479 15825 PLATTE RIVER FOXTON POST OFFICE Yes Yes NA Yes

70-161-00-001FX14 5JF.3969 15805 PLATTE RIVER CABIN ON THE ROCK No No Yes Yes

70-161-00-001FX15 5JF.3970 VACANT LAND WATER TANK BASE No No NO NA

70-161-00-001FX02 5JF.3959 FOXTON ROAD NONE No No Yes Yes

70-161-00-001FX03 5JF.3960 15805 PLATTE RIVER THE WHITE HOUSE No Yes NA No

70-161-00-001FX04 5JF.3961 15805 PLATTE RIVER PALACE ON THE PLATTE, KNOTTY PINE INN No Yes NA Yes

70-161-00-001FX05 5JF.3962 15805 PLATTE RIVER THE LITTLE OFFICE No Yes NA Yes

70-161-00-001FX06 5JF.3963 15805 PLATTE RIVER FOXTON ON THE PLATTE No Yes NA Yes

70-161-00-001FX07 5JF.3964 15805 PLATTE RIVER DAN'S IN, FOX HOLE No Yes NA No

Argyle

70-291-00-001A1 5JF.3972 MTN PRPTY MAIN HOUSE Need Data No Yes Yes

70-291-00-001A2 5JF.3972 MTN PRPTY HOUSE #2 Need Data No Yes Yes

70-291-00-001A3 5JF.3972 MTN PRPTY HOUSE #3 Need Data No Yes Yes

70-291-00-001A4 5JF.3972 MTN PRPTY DINING HALL Need Data No Yes Yes

Ferndale

70-293-01-001 5JF.3973 16866 PLATTE RIVER PORTER RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

70-293-01-002 5JF.3974 16876 PLATTE RIVER GARDNER RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

70-293-01-003 5JF.3975 16886 PLATTE RIVER MULLIN RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

70-293-01-004 5JF.3976 16900 PLATTE RIVER CLARK RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

70-293-01-005 5JF.3977 16906 PLATTE RIVER LONGBROOK RES. No Yes NA Yes

Table 2 - 1 TABLE 2 SORTED BY PIN PIN ResourceNumber Number Street CurrentBldgName Individual NR Eligible In Current District In Expansion Area Contributing

70-293-99-001 5JF.3978 16916 PLATTE RIVER ROBINSON RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

Between Ferndale and Riverview

70-304-00-003 5JF.3979 17025 PLATTE RIVER NEWMAN RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

70-304-00-004 5JF.3980 17045 PLATTE RIVER TURNER RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

70-304-00-005 5JF.3981 17105 PLATTE RIVER DENVER WATER BOARD RENTAL PROPERTY No No Note 1 Note 1

70-304-00-006 5JF.3982 17126 COUNTY RD 96 OHONJAN RESIDENCE No No Note 1 Note 1

70-304-00-007 5JF.3983 17136 COUNTY RD 96 PRIEST RESIDENCE No No No NA

Riverview

70-312-00-001RV1 5JF.3984 17445 PLATTE RIVER RIVERVIEW NO. 1 No Yes NA Yes

70-312-00-001RV3 5JF.3985 17445 PLATTE RIVER GIN-ARD, #3 No Yes NA Yes

70-312-00-001RV4 5JF.3986 17445 PLATTE RIVER RIVERVIEW #4 No Yes NA Yes

70-312-00-001RV8 5JF.189.7 17445 PLATTE RIVER RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

70-312-00-001RV9 5JF.3987 17445 PLATTE RIVER HONEYMOONER, RIVERVIEW #9 No Yes NA Yes

Buffalo Creek

70-313-00-002 5JF.3988 17975 COUNTY RD 126 RETREAT BUILDING No Yes NA Yes

70-313-00-003 5JF.3989 17981 COUNTY RD 126 PRIEST RESIDENCE (School) Yes No Note 2 Note 2

70-313-00-005 5JF.3990 17901 HWY 126 FOSTER RESIDENCE No No Note 2 Note 2

70-313-00-007ADMIN 5JF.1001 Highway 126 Buffalo Creek Work Center Office No Yes NA Yes

70-313-00-007Dorm 5JF.1001 Highway 126 Buffalo Creek Work Dormitory No Yes NA No

70-313-00-007Dwell 5JF.1001 Highway 126 Buffalo Creek Work Center Dwelling No Yes NA Yes

70-313-00-007Garage1 5JF.1001 Highway 126 Buffalo Creek Work Center Garage No Yes NA Yes

70-313-00-007Garage2 5JF.1001 Highway 126 Buffalo Creek Work Center Garage No Yes NA No

70-313-00-007SITE 5JF.1001 Highway 126 SITE, Buffalo Creek Work Center No Yes NA Yes

70-313-01-001A 5JF.190 23555 HILLTOP LA HACIENDA Listed Yes NA Yes

70-313-01-001Barn 5JF.190 23555 HILLTOP LA HACIENDA STABLE Listed Yes NA Yes

70-313-01-004 5JF.3991 17810 COUNTY RD 126 CROSBY/ZEIGER RESIDENCE Need Data Yes NA Yes

70-313-01-005 5JF.3992 17830 COUNTY RD 126 PORTER/LANG RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

70-313-01-007 5JF.3993 17850 COUNTY RD 126 HAKANSON RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

70-313-01-011 5JF.3994 24021 HILLTOP GREEN CABIN No Yes NA Yes

70-313-01-012 5JF.3994 24001 HILLTOP GREEN RESIDENCE #1 No Yes NA Yes

70-313-01-014 5JF.3994 24011 HILLTOP GREEN RESIDENCE #2 Yes Yes NA Yes

70-313-01-016 5JF.192 17706 COUNTY RD 96 J W GREEN MERCANTILE Listed Yes NA Yes

70-313-01-018 5JF.3995 MTN PRPTY DAVEY RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

70-313-01-020 5JF.3996 17673 KINNIKINIC HAMILTON RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

70-313-01-021 5JF.3997 23925 HILLTOP BENEDICT RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

70-313-01-022 5JF.3998 23935 HILLTOP DANIELS RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

70-313-01-023 5JF.3631 24001 HILLTOP LITTLE CHAPEL IN HILLS No Yes NA Note 3

70-313-01-025 5JF.3999 17672 HILLTOP WILCOX RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

70-313-01-026 5JF.4000 23930 HILLTOP WEED RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

70-313-01-027A 5JF.4001 17870 COUNTY RD 126 DOENGES RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

70-313-01-028 5JF.4002 MTN PRPTY DOENGES RESIDENCE #2 No Yes NA Yes

70-313-01-029 5JF.4002 17870 COUNTY RD 126 DOENGES RESIDENCE #3 No Yes NA Yes

70-313-01-030 5JF.4003 23880 HILLTOP WEED RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

70-313-01-031CABINS 5JF.189.15 18060 GROVE LOGAN RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

70-313-01-031HOUSE 5JF.189.15 18060 GROVE LOGAN RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

70-313-01-031HOTEL 5JF.189.15 18060 GROVE LOGAN RESIDENCE Need Data Yes NA Yes

Buffalo Creek

70-313-01-036 5JF.4004 23989 HARRISON NASTLEY RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

70-313-01-037 5JF.4005 24049 HARRISON FYLES RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

70-313-01-038 5JF.4006 23969 HARRISON BAUMAN RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

70-313-01-039 5JF.4007 23919 HARRISON READ RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

70-313-02-001 5JF.4008 23980 HARRISON GILBERT RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

70-313-02-002 5JF.4009 18056 PINE NELSON RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

70-313-99-001A 5JF.190 23565 HILLTOP HART RESIDENCE Listed Yes NA Yes

70-313-99-001B 5JF.190 23565 HILLTOP HART RESIDENCE Listed Yes NA Yes

70-313-99-008 5JF.189.10 17760 COUNTY RD 96 GREEN RESIDENCE No No Yes Yes

70-314-00-001 5JF.4010 MTN PRPTY WATERMAN RES. No Yes NA Yes

71-364-00-003 5JF.4011 No Address CTY RD 126 ST ELIZABETH CHURCH No Yes NA No

Table 2 - 2 TABLE 2 SORTED BY PIN PIN ResourceNumber Number Street CurrentBldgName Individual NR Eligible In Current District In Expansion Area Contributing

80-061-00-003 5JF.4012 18218 COUNTY RD 126 MAYES RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

80-061-01-002 5JF.4013 23876 LOGAN TOBIN RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

80-061-02-001 5JF.4014 23651 PINE TOP RIDGE HOUSE Yes Yes NA Yes

80-061-04-001 5JF.4015 23701 PINE TOP SMITH RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

80-061-05-003 5JF.4016 23724 PINE TOP SMITH RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

80-061-05-004 5JF.4017 23744 PINE TOP BARRETT RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

80-061-05-006 5JF.4018 23671 SUMMIT RYAN RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

80-061-99-002 5JF.4019 23654 PINE TOP TOBIN RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

80-062-00-002 5JF.4020 24183 GRANT ENIX RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

80-062-00-004 5JF.191 18051 COUNTY RD 126 RAMUS PROPERTY Listed Yes NA Yes

80-062-00-006 5JF.4021 18050 BUFFALO CREEK COMMUNITY BUILDING No Yes NA Yes

80-062-01-001 5JF.4022 23903 SHERMAN FREDERICKSON RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

80-062-01-004 5JF.4023 18094 PINE CLEVELAND RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

80-062-02-001 5JF.4024 18106 PINE RAINEY RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

80-062-03-002 5JF.4025 18077 PINE LACAGNINA RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

80-062-03-004 5JF.4026 23933 SHERMAN PELANDER RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

80-062-03-007 5JF.4027 18080 GROVE KORFHAGE RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

80-062-03-008 5JF.4028 18076 GROVE BRADY RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

80-062-03-009 5JF.4029 18070 GROVE VAN DE MARK JOCHEMS RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

80-062-04-003 5JF.4030 18065 GROVE GEISER PROPERTY No Yes NA No

80-062-04-004 5JF.4031 18081 COUNTY RD 126 The Robyotte, SPRADLIN RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

80-062-04-005 5JF.4032 18085 GROVE SKINNER RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

80-062-04-006 5JF.4033 18087 GROVE La Siesta, Lombard Residence No Yes NA Yes

80-062-05-001A 5JF.4034 24173 GRANT LANG PROPERTY No Yes NA Yes

80-062-05-001B 5JF.4034 24173 GRANT LANG PROPERTY No Yes NA Yes

80-062-05-001C 5JF.4034 24173 GRANT LANG PROPERTY No Yes NA Yes

80-062-05-001D 5JF.4034 24173 GRANT LANG PROPERTY No Yes NA Yes

80-062-05-001Main 5JF.4034 24173 GRANT LANG PROPERTY No Yes NA Yes

Buffalo Creek

80-062-06-001 5JF.4035 24152 GRANT SMALL RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

80-062-06-002 5JF.4036 21534 COUNTY RD 126 TAYLOR RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

80-062-06-003 5JF.4037 24113 SHERMAN WELSH RESIDENCE, Pine Shadows No Yes NA Yes

80-062-06-004 5JF.4038 24192 GRANT GRAVES RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

80-062-06-005 5JF.4039 24332 GRANT SMITH RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

80-062-07-001 5JF.4040 23913 LINCOLN DASHER RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

80-062-07-002 5JF.4041 24012 SHERMAN BYARS RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

80-062-07-003 5JF.4042 24082 SHERMAN SANDELL RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

80-062-07-004 5JF.4043 24023 LINCOLN HEFLEN RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

80-062-07-005 5JF.4044 24063 LINCOLN RYDER RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

80-062-07-007 5JF.4045 23926 LINCOLN PINE CONE No Yes NA No

80-062-07-008 5JF.4046 24113 LINCOLN WENTWORTH RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

80-062-07-009 5JF.4047 24123 LINCOLN NO NAME No Yes NA Yes

80-062-07-011 5JF.4048 24112 SHERMAN HEFLEN RESIDENCE Yes Yes NA Yes

80-062-08-001 5JF.4049 23932 SHERMAN KELLY RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

80-062-08-002 5JF.4050 23952 SHERMAN SAURINI RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

80-062-08-003 5JF.4051 18106 COUNTY RD 126 KEENE RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

80-062-10-003 5JF.4052 23893 LOGAN LEHMAN RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

80-062-10-005 5JF.189.13 23953 LOGAN SHISSLER RESIDENCE, Miramonte Yes Yes NA Yes

80-062-10-006 5JF.4053 24136 LINCOLN NEWMAN RESIDENCE, Hillhead No Yes NA No

80-062-10-008 5JF.4054 23803 LOGAN HENDRICKSON No Yes NA No

80-062-11-001 5JF.4055 23806 LOGAN ANDERSON RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

80-062-11-002 5JF.4056 23826 LOGAN COLLINS RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

80-062-11-003 5JF.4057 23856 LOGAN MACLEAN RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

80-062-11-004 5JF.4058 23801 PINE TOP GRANT RESIDENCE, Brown Wren Yes Yes NA Yes

80-062-11-005 5JF.4059 23906 LOGAN THOMPSON RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

80-062-11-006 5JF.4060 23916 LOGAN WHITESIDES RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

80-062-11-007 5JF.4061 23926 LOGAN WRAY RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

80-062-11-008 5JF.4062 23946 LOGAN MILLER RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

80-062-11-009 5JF.4063 23966 LOGAN COHEE RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

80-062-11-011 5JF.4064 23861 PINE TOP WHITESIDES RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

80-062-11-012 5JF.4065 MTN PRPTY CHURCHWELL No Yes NA Yes

80-062-11-013 5JF.4066 23781 PINETOP GOUNTANIS No Yes NA No

80-062-11-014 5JF.4067 23741 PINE TOP BEASON RESIDENCE, BROWN WREN No Yes NA Yes

Table 2 - 3 TABLE 2 SORTED BY PIN PIN ResourceNumber Number Street CurrentBldgName Individual NR Eligible In Current District In Expansion Area Contributing

80-062-13-001 5JF.4068 23764 PINE TOP OSBORN RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

80-062-13-002 5JF.4069 23824 PINE TOP DAVIDSON RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

80-062-13-003 5JF.4070 23884 PINE TOP SMITH RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

80-062-13-004 5JF.4071 23721 SUMMIT CAMPBELL RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

80-062-99-001 5JF.4072 24322 GRANT SMALL RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

Buffalo Creek

80-062-99-002 5JF.4073 24314 GRANT KROUSE RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

80-062-99-002A 5JF.4073 24312 GRANT KROUSE RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

80-062-99-002B 5JF.4073 24302 GRANT KROUSE RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

80-062-99-003 5JF.4074 23996 LOGAN MURPHY RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

Pine Grove

71-263-00-002 5JF.4075 16751 BRYNMAWR OWSIANY RESIDENCE No No No No

71-263-00-003 5JF.4076 27410 COURTRIGHT WALTMAN RESIDENCE No No Note 1 Note 1

71-263-00-004 5JF.4077 MTN PRPTY MERA PROPERTY No No Note 1 Note 1

71-263-00-005 5JF.4078 27497 COURTRIGHT WOOD RESIDENCE No No Note 1 Note 1

71-263-00-006 5JF.4079 16791 BRYNMAWR OWSIANY RESIDENCE No No Note 1 Note 1

71-263-00-007 5JF.4080 27607 COURTRIGHT GOMEZ RESIDENCE No No Note 1 Note 1

71-263-00-010 5JF.4081 27507 BRYNMAWR ROMERO RESIDENCE No No Note 1 Note 1

71-271-02-003 5JF.4082 16766 4TH MOTT RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

71-271-02-006 5JF.4083 16755 ELK CREEK LOCKMON RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

71-271-03-001 5JF.4084 28387 PARK WARD RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

71-271-03-002 5JF.4085 28427 PARK DIETEMANN RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

71-271-04-001 5JF.4086 28457 PARK DIETER RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

71-271-04-002 5JF.4087 28497 PARK HUMPHREYS RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

71-271-05-001 5JF.4088 28488 PARK O NEALL RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

71-271-05-002 5JF.4089 16745 6TH JOHNSON RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

71-271-06-001 5JF.4090 28368 PARK MAJORS RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

71-271-06-003 5JF.4091 28377 DAKE SCHAETZEL RES. No Yes NA Yes

71-271-09-002 5JF.4092 16765 4TH WILCOX RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

71-271-09-005 5JF.4093 28277 CEDAR CARMICHAEL RES. No Yes NA No

71-271-10-001 5JF.4094 16805 5TH GOLDEN RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

71-271-10-002 5JF.4095 28408 MORRISON NEBEL RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

71-271-10-003 5JF.4096 28438 MORRISON CONNELY RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

71-272-01-003 5JF.4097 28717 PARK LINKE RESIDENCE No No Note 1 Note 1

71-272-01-004 5JF.4098 28517 PARK WILLIAMS RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

71-272-01-007 5JF.4099 28547 PARK PERKINS RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

71-272-02-002 5JF.4100 28587 PARK GRIFFITH RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

71-272-05-001 5JF.4101 28568 PARK BLUE RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

71-272-06-001 5JF.4102 28548 PARK DRAWE RESIDENCE Yes Yes NA Yes

71-272-06-003 5JF.4103 16755 7TH LIPPOTT RESIDENCE, Pete's Place No Yes NA Yes

71-272-10-001 5JF.4104 16845 7TH GABERT RESIDENCE No No Yes No

71-273-00-006CLIFF 5JF.4105 16525 PINE VALLEY CLIFF HOUSE No No Yes No

71-273-00-006FREDS 5JF.4105 16525 PINE VALLEY FRED'S CABIN No No Yes Yes

71-273-00-006G 5JF.4105 16525 PINE VALLEY CABIN #7 No No Yes Yes

Pine Grove

71-273-00-006HEMM 5JF.4105 16525 PINE VALLEY HEMMINGWAY CABIN No No Yes Yes

71-273-00-006KIM 5JF.4105 16525 PINE VALLEY KIM'S CABIN No No Yes Yes

71-273-00-006LEES 5JF.4105 16525 PINE VALLEY LEE'S CABIN No No Yes Yes

71-273-00-006MANAGER 5JF.4105 16525 PINE VALLEY MANAGER'S HOUSE No No Yes No

71-273-00-006MOON 5JF.4105 16525 PINE VALLEY MOONRISE CABIN No No Yes Yes

71-273-00-006RAPIDS 5JF.4105 16525 PINE VALLEY RAPIDS No No Yes Yes

71-273-00-006RIVER 5JF.4105 16525 PINE VALLEY RIVERSONG No No Yes Yes

71-273-00-006SITE 5JF.4105 16525 PINE VALLEY SITE No No Yes Yes

71-273-00-006SUN 5JF.4105 16525 PINE VALLEY SUNDANCE No No Yes Yes

71-273-00-008 5JF.4106 16635 COUNTY RD 126 JONES RESIDENCE No No Yes Yes

71-273-01-001 5JF.4107 28458 CEDAR JACQUES RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

71-273-01-002 5JF.4108 28488 CEDAR RAIFAISEN RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

71-273-02-001 5JF.4109 16805 7TH MEDLEN RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

71-273-03-002 5JF.4110 16885 7TH VOKES RESIDENCE, THE HEATHER COTTAGE No Yes NA No

71-273-04-001 5JF.189.3 16874 7TH GREENE RESIDENCE Yes Yes NA Yes

71-273-05-002 5JF.4111 28427 GROVE EVANS RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

Table 2 - 4 TABLE 2 SORTED BY PIN PIN ResourceNumber Number Street CurrentBldgName Individual NR Eligible In Current District In Expansion Area Contributing

71-273-06-001 5JF.4112 16924 6TH SAHLIN RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

71-273-06-002 5JF.4113 16670 COUNTY RD 126 WILLIAMS RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

71-273-07-001 5JF.4114 16935 6TH STEVENS RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

71-273-07-002 5JF.4115 16915 6TH RAINWATER RESIDENCE Yes Yes NA Yes

71-273-07-004 5JF.4116 16914 7TH TORNOW RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

71-273-07-005 5JF.4117 16654 COUNTY RD 126 MURRAY RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

71-273-07-006 5JF.4118 16648 COUNTY RD 126 SHAW RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

71-273-07-007 5JF.4119 16644 COUNTY RD 126 PHILIPS RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

71-273-07-008 5JF.4120 16934 7TH TURNBULL RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

71-273-07-009 5JF.4121 16634 COUNTY RD 126 SAMSON RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

71-273-08-002 5JF.4122 16620 COUNTY RD 126 MC PHERSON RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

71-273-08-003 5JF.189.9 16624 MTN PRPTY PINE GROVE COMMUNITY CENTER Yes Yes NA Yes

71-273-09-002 5JF.4123 16644 6TH Robbers Roost, The Ratcliff Diggins No Yes NA Yes

71-273-11-001 5JF.4124 16681 JEFFERSON HALL RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

71-273-99-001EAST 5JF.4125 16610 COUNTY RD 126 MOONEY RESIDENCE Yes Yes NA Yes

71-273-99-001WEST 5JF.4126 16606 COUNTY RD 126 MOONEY RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

71-274-00-008 5JF.4127 16821 BRYNMAWR WELCH RESIDENCE No No No No

71-274-00-010 5JF.4128 16935 COUNTY RD 126 DAVIES RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

71-274-00-011 5JF.4129 16801 COUNTY RD 126 ARNOLD RESIDENCE No No NA Yes

71-274-00-021 5JF.4130 27687 COURTRIGHT TUTOR RESIDENCE No No Note 1 Yes

71-274-02-001 5JF.4131 16804 4TH DAVIS RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

71-274-02-003 5JF.4132 16844 4TH BRADY RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

71-274-02-005NW 5JF.4133 16855 ELK CREEK MCILVAINE RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

71-274-02-005MAIN 5JF.4133 16855 ELK CREEK MC ILVAINE RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

Pine Grove

71-274-02-005SE 5JF.4133 16855 ELK CREEK MC ILVAINE RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

71-274-02-008 5JF.4134 16874 4TH GRISSOM RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

71-274-02-009 5JF.4135 16884 4TH KERSHAW RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

71-274-03-00N 5JF.189.2 16874 ELK CREEK PINE GROVE CEMETERY No No Yes Yes

71-274-06-002 5JF.4136 16774 COUNTY RD 126 ROYBAL RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

71-274-07-001 5JF.4137 16764 COUNTY RD 126 RUNNING WOLF RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

71-274-08-001ICE HOUSE 5JF.4138 No Address NO ADDRESS NONE No Yes NA Yes

71-274-08-001POST OFFICE 5JF.4138 No Address NO ADDRESS NONE No Yes NA Yes

71-274-08-011 5JF.4142 16744 COUNTY RD 126 THE RUSTIC MANTEL No Yes NA Yes

71-274-08-005 5JF.4139 16730 COUNTY RD 126 ELEPHANT ROCK CAFÉ No Yes NA Yes

71-274-08-007 5JF.4140 16724 COUNTY RD 126 ROOD RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

71-274-08-008 5JF.4141 16720 COUNTY RD 126 PINE LIBRARY No Yes NA No

71-274-08-NNN 5JF.4143 No Address COUNTY RD 126 NORTH FORK VOLUNTEER FIRE DEPARTMENT No Yes NA No

71-274-09-001EAST 5JF.4144 28288 CEDAR SAMFORD RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

71-274-09-001MIDDLE 5JF.4144 28308 CEDAR SAMFORD RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

71-274-09-001WEST 5JF.4144 28318 CEDAR SAMFORD RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

71-274-09-003 5JF.4145 28368 CEDAR MUNSELL RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

71-274-09-005 5JF.4146 16844 6TH SAHLIN RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

71-274-09-009 5JF.189.1 28267 GROVE AHR RESIDENCE Yes Yes NA Yes

71-274-09-013 5JF.4147 28367 GROVE WHEELER RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

71-274-09-014 5JF.4148 28417 GROVE BARENBRUGGE RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

71-274-09-017 5JF.4149 28307 GROVE HENSEL RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

71-274-09-018 5JF.4150 28388 CEDAR FISHERMEN'S LUCK No Yes NA Yes

71-274-09-020 5JF.4151 28428 CEDAR SAHLIN AND KNIGHT RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

71-274-10-002 5JF.4152 28378 GROVE MONTGOMERY GARAGE No Yes NA Yes

71-274-10-003 5JF.4153 16674 COUNTY RD 126 SHEA RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

71-274-10-004 5JF.4154 0 5TH EVANS RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

71-274-11-001 5JF.4155 16934 5TH EVANS RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

71-274-11-002 5JF.189.14 16935 ELK CREEK MIZNER RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

71-274-11-003 5JF.4156 16714 COUNTY RD 126 PINE EMPORIUM No Yes NA Yes

71-274-11-004 5JF.4157 16684 COUNTY RD 126 MULDOON RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

71-274-12-001 5JF.4158 16685 COUNTY RD 126 LUMPKINS RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

71-274-13-002 5JF.4159 16697 JEFFERSON BAILLY RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

71-274-13-003 5JF.4160 16721 COUNTY RD 126 WILKINSON RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

71-274-13-004 5JF.4161 16725 JEFFERSON HINGLEY RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

71-274-13-006 5JF.4162 16745 JEFFERSON SAHLIN RESIDENCE No Yes NA No

71-274-13-008 5JF.4163 16765 JEFFERSON DRYNAN RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

71-274-13-009 5JF.4164 16785 COUNTY RD 126 JOHNSON RESIDENCE No Yes NA Yes

Table 2 - 5 TABLE 2 SORTED BY PIN PIN ResourceNumber Number Street CurrentBldgName Individual NR Eligible In Current District In Expansion Area Contributing

Swan Hereford

71-361-99-001 5JF.189.6 17265 COUNTY RD 126 SWAN HEREFORD No No Yes Yes

. Note 1: Limited district expansion in 2007 does not include this resource. A future comprehensive district expansion is recommended, including this resource as a contributing resource.

Note 2: This property's status with respect to the existing North Fork district boundary in unclear. A limited district expansion in 2007 does not include this resource. A future compreehensive district expansion is recommended, including this resource as a contributing resource.

Note 3: The cemetary is a contributing resource and the chapel is a non-contributing resource.

Table 2 - 6 TABLE 3 SORTED BY RESOURCE NUMBER ResourceNumber PIN Number Street CurrentBldgName Individual NR Eligible In Current District In Expansion Area Contributing

5JF.190 70-313-01-001A 23555 HILLTOP LA HACIENDA Listed Yes NA Yes

5JF.190 70-313-01-001Barn 23555 HILLTOP LA HACIENDA STABLE Listed Yes NA Yes

5JF.190 70-313-99-001A 23565 HILLTOP HART RESIDENCE Listed Yes NA Yes

5JF.190 70-313-99-001B 23565 HILLTOP HART RESIDENCE Listed Yes NA Yes

5JF.191 80-062-00-004 18051 COUNTY RD 126 RAMUS PROPERTY Listed Yes NA Yes

5JF.192 70-313-01-016 17706 COUNTY RD 96 J W GREEN MERCANTILE Listed Yes NA Yes

Table 3 - 1

North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Recommendations

SECTION 7 RECOMMENDATIONS

North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Recommendations

Section 7: Recommendations

1. Uses for survey results The results of the survey have been used in creating the National Register Boundary Amendment for the North Fork Historic District. This boundary amendment modifies the existing 1974 nomination by adding four areas identified during the survey: Longview, parts of Foxton, Argyle, and the Platte River Cabins in Pine Grove. These four areas were not in the district as its boundaries were defined in 1974.

A recommended future use for the survey results is a comprehensive amendment to the 1974 nomination. The survey report includes maps showing “assumed” district boundaries. This is because the 1974 nomination did not clearly define district boundaries in the towns of Buffalo Creek and Pine Grove. Outside of these two towns, the 1974 boundaries were clearly described. The survey report maps show boundaries that should be considered in these two towns, based upon historical significance and integrity of the individual resources found around the vaguely-defined perimeters. This information can be used for a comprehensive amendment that would define the district boundaries around the two towns.

A future comprehensive amendment should also include a more thorough Statement of Significance with expanded Areas of Significance and Periods of Significance. This survey report contains the recommended outlines for these future efforts. The project historian will provide Jefferson County with files of information gathered for this project. This work should form the basis of any future effort at a comprehensive amendment.

Survey results are already being used in conjunction with a parallel education project by consultant April Bernard, under contract to Jefferson County. Ms. Bernard has prepared an educational package and tested it with teachers in local public schools. The purpose of the package is to bring the results of the architectural and historical survey into the curriculum of fourth graders in Jefferson County Public Schools, particularly those in the immediate area of the Highway 285 corridor. The curriculum also includes a history tour, which is being prepared using some of the results of this survey.

The Jefferson County Historical Commission also hopes to promote its new landmark program by encouraging interest in historic buildings. Results of this survey can be used to spark public interest, possibly through a follow-up publication or follow-up community meetings. As always, concerns of private property owners must be considered. Permission should be obtained from an owner before his/her property is included within publications or presentations intended for broader audiences.

The results of the survey are being dovetailed with other projects underway at the County Planning and Zoning Office. These include the Foxton/Pine Grove regional planning project (in partnership with Colorado Preservation, Inc.), the South Platte Protection Plan, the Foxton Post Office preservation initiative, Jefferson County Open Space Master Plan and Jeffco Landmarks program. Coordination between these projects is being handled by Jefferson County Planning & Zoning, Jefferson County Historical Commission and Jefferson County Open Space.

2. Timing and logistical issues Future projects of this nature should complete the survey work prior to beginning the educational component. The education consultant needed information that we could not always provide in a timely way because of the schedule of product development for the survey. In the future, these two efforts might be better separated.

Another logistical issue was related to timing of soliciting permission to access private property. This proved to be a difficult and time-consuming task that delayed the start of field work for the project. On

7 - 1 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Recommendations future survey projects, it would help to begin this process earlier and include that effort in the project schedule.

3. Use and publication of Phase II reports The Phase II historic context report and reconnaissance survey report are well done and provide good information that should be made available to the public. When possible, copies should be sent to public libraries in the county for public access to the work of the Historical Commission. This publicity for previous efforts might ease the way for future initiatives to intensively survey other parts of the county.

4. Follow-up survey projects Follow-up intensive level surveys should be considered for the areas west of Pine Grove to Pine Valley Ranch and north of Pine Grove to Sphinx Park. Both of these areas hold great promise for documenting additional historic resources. Both should be intensively surveyed for possible inclusion into a Jefferson County local historic district, or for separate National Register nominations as individually eligible properties or districts.

Archaeology was not part of the scope of work for this survey. However there may be areas of archaeological potential within this district, and this should be considered in a future project.

5. Property location issues The challenges inherent in surveying a rural district without fully accurate property addresses and maps were discussed in Section 3 of this report. This issue was also raised several times by community members and local fire department personnel as a safety issue. The areas without mail delivery service lack a consistent and accurate addressing system. Some buildings are addressed in the wrong town, on the wrong street or on streets that do not exist. Some have different addresses in the County records than the addresses marked on the houses. This causes confusion for anyone trying to find a house. Even worse, it can cause confusion and loss of time for emergency first responders. The local fire department has an excellent GPS-based system for locating properties, but it is still somewhat reliant on first responders having personal knowledge of the residents and their house locations.

A related issue is the lack of adequate mapping in this area. The County provided this survey team with the best information it had, which is an overlay of property lines and roads over satellite photography. The overlay of property lines and roads was not always accurately registered with each satellite photo. The County should continue its efforts to obtain accurate surveys of roads in the area, so that accurate mapping can be generated.

7 - 2 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Bibliography

SECTION 8 BIBLIOGRAPHY

North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Bibliography

Section 8: Bibliography

Published Works: Abbott, Carl, Stephen J. Leonard and David McComb. Colorado – A History of the Centennial State, Revised Edition. Niwot, Colorado Associated University Press, 1982.

Adams, Kramer A. Logging Railroads of the West. Seattle, WA, Superior Publishing Company, 1961

Anonymous. With Rod and Line in Colorado Waters. Denver, CO, Chain, Hardy & Co. Booksellers and Publishers, 1884.

Bauer, William H., James L. Ozment and John H. Willard. Colorado Postal History: the Post Offices. Crete, NE, J-B Publishing Company, 1971

Beebe, Lucius and Charles Clegg. Narrow Gauge in the Rockies. Berkeley, CA, Howell-North, 1958.

Bentley, Margaret V. The Upper Side of the Pie Crust, An Early History of Southwestern Jefferson County, Conifer, Pine, Buffalo Creek, Colorado. Evergreen, CO, Jefferson County Historical Society, Learning Pathways, Inc., 1978/1990.

Blecha, Arvid D. Blecha’s Colorado Place Names: A Genealogical and Historical Guide to Colorado Sites. Prepared for publication by Donald R. Elliott; edited by Doris L. (Salman) Elliott. Denver, CO, Colorado Genealogical Society, 2001.

Boyd, Leanne C. and H. Glenn Carson. Atlas of Colorado Ghost Towns. Deming, NM, Carson Enterprises, 1984

Chappel. Gordon, Richardson and Hauck. The South Park Line: A Concise History. Colorado Rail Annual No. 12. Golden, CO, Colorado Railroad Museum, 1974.

Colorado Historical Society. Colorado Cultural Resource Survey Manual, Volumes I and II. Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Denver, CO, 1998, revised 2001.

Colorado Historical Society. A Guide to Colorado’s Historic Architecture and Engineering. Second Edition. Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Denver, CO, 2003.

Crain, Mary Helen. A Circle of Pioneers. Indian Hills, CO, Tri-Canyon Publishing Company, 1959

Crofutt, George A. Crofutt’s Gripsack Guide of Colorado. Omaha, NE, The Overland Publishing Company, 1885. Reprinted: Boulder, CO, Johnson Publishing Co, 1981.

8 - 1 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Bibliography

Del Rio, S. M., Mineral Resources of Colorado, First Sequel. State of Colorado Mineral Resources Board. Denver, CO, Publishers Press, 1960.

Ellis, Richard and Duane Smith. Colorado: A History in Photographs. Niwot, CO, University Press of Colorado, 1991.

Erickson, Kenneth A. and Albert W. Smith. Atlas of Colorado. Boulder, CO, Colorado Associated University Press, 1985.

Ferrell, Mallory Hope. The South Park Line. Hindman Publishing (no place), 2003.

Granzella, Phoebe. A Century of Jefferson County Mountain Area Schools. Golden, CO, Jefferson County Historical Commission, June 1993.

Heideman, Lee. Homesteaders, Moonshiners and Frontier Law: An Historical Journey from Aspen Park to Kenosha Pass. Conifer, CO, Magic Wordweaver Press, 2003.

Jefferson County Historical Commission. From Scratch – A History of Jefferson County, Colorado. Golden, CO, Jefferson County Historical Commission, 1985.

Jefferson County Historical Commission. Jefferson County National Register Historic Sites Designated by the United States Department of the Interior, 1st Edition. Golden, CO, Jefferson County Public Library (printed by), 1979.

Kindig, R. H., E. F. Haley and M. C. Poor. Pictorial Supplement to Denver, South Park and Pacific. Golden, CO, Colorado Railroad Museum, 1985.

LaMassena, R. A. Colorado’s Mountain Railroads. Denver, CO, Sundance, 1984

Lombard, Dorothy. Buffalo Beginnings and Through the Years, The People and Places of Buffalo Creek Colorado. Buffalo Creek, CO, Self-published, 1990.

Lombard, Dorothy. Buffalo Beginnings and Through the Years, The People, and Places of Buffalo Creek Colorado, Book 2. Buffalo Creek, CO, Self-published, 1995.

Merrill, Kay R., compiler, Index to Narrative History of Buffalo Creek and Buffalo Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Lakewood, CO, Foothills Genealogical Society of Colorado, 1985.

Noel, Thomas J., editor. Buildings of Colorado. Society of Architectural Historians, Buildings of the United States Series. New York, NY, Oxford University Press, 1997.

Noel, Thomas J., Paul F. Mahoney and Richard E. Stevens. Historical Atlas of Colorado. Norman, OK, University of Oklahoma Press, 1994.

8 - 2 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Bibliography

North Fork Volunteer Fire Department, compilers. Recipes and Anecdotes, Compiled by the Mountain Folks in the Pine-Buffalo Creek Area in Colorado for the North Fork Volunteer Fire Department. Iowa Falls, IA, General Publishing and Binding, 1984.

Poor, M. C., Denver, South Park and Pacific: Memorial Edition. Denver, CO, Rocky Mountain Railroad Club, 1976.

Robbins, Sara E., Jefferson County Colorado: The Colorful Past of a Great Community. Lakewood, CO, The Jefferson County Bank, 1962.

Ryan, Edna Sirois. Narrative History of Buffalo Creek and Buffalo Park. Jefferson County Colorado. Denver, CO, Claridge Printing Co., 1960.

Shaffer, Ray. A Guide to Places on the Colorado Prairie, 1540-1975. Boulder, CO, Pruett Publishing Company, 1978

United States Interstate Commerce Commission. Finance Docket No. 7132; In the Matter of the Application of the Colorado and Southern Railway Company for a Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity Authorizing It to Abandon a Part of its Branch Line of Railroad Extending from Denver to Leadville, Commonly Known as its Platte Canon Line, Together with Certain Branches Thereof. Abstract of Record of Protestants and Intervenors: Denver, Colorado, February 26, 1936; Brief on Further Hearing for Colorado and Southern Railway Company, Chicago, Illinois, February 27, 1936; Abstract of Testimony Taken on Further Hearing: And Relied Upon by the Colorado and Southern Railway, Chicago, Illinois, February 27, 1936. Chicago, IL, State Law Publishing Company, 1936.

Wyckoff, William. Creating Colorado: The Making of a Western Landscape, 1860 – 1940. New Haven, CT, Yale University Press, 1999.

Unpublished Manuscripts and Reports: Anthony & Associates, Inc., City Visions, Inc., and Atkinson-Noland & Associates, Inc. “Historic Structure Assessment: Foxton Post Office, Project Number 2004-HA-044” presented to the Denver Water Board, November 2004. On file at the Colorado Preservation, Inc., Denver, CO.

Jefferson County Archives and Records Management Department. “Jefferson County History – Resources: Information Sheet No. 5; Researching Property and Buildings.” Jefferson County Government, Golden, CO, August 1998.

Nebel, Amy T. “Pine: The Profile of a Colorado Mountain Community” unpublished manuscript for class “Colorado Historic Places, HIST 2449”, no place or school citation. April 20, 1995. On File, Pine Library, Pine, CO.

Nelson, Axel. “Lumberjacking in Colorado and Wyoming”. unpublished manuscript in the holdings of the Western History Collection, Denver Public Library, Denver, CO, 1934.

8 - 3 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Bibliography

Norman, Cathleen M. “The Historic Context Report.” unpublished manuscript prepared for the Jefferson County Planning and Zoning Department and the Jefferson County Historical Commission as part of SHF Grants 00-MI-34 and 01-02-089. Lakewood, CO, Preservation Publishing, 2002.

Norman, Cathleen M. “Intensive Survey Report 1999 – 2002 Cultural Resource Survey of Unincorporated Jefferson County.” unpublished manuscript prepared for the Jefferson County Historical Commission, Jefferson County Archives and Records Management, and Jefferson County Planning and Zoning Department as part of SHF Grant 01-02-089. Lakewood, CO, Preservation Publishing, 2002.

Norman, Cathleen M. “Reconnaissance Survey Report 1999 – 2002 Cultural Resource Survey of Unincorporated Jefferson County. unpublished manuscript prepared for the Jefferson County Historical Commission and the Jefferson County Planning and Zoning Department as part of SHF Grants 00-M1-34 and 01-02-089, Lakewood, CO, Preservation Publishing, 2002.

Pool, Gerald W., “The Changing Faces of Foxton.” Englewood, unpublished manuscript in author’s possession, 2002.

Renze, Delores. “A Brief Study of the Lumber Industry in Colorado.” unpublished manuscript; Denver Public Library, Denver, CO, Western History Collection, MSS-M652, 1948.

Roeder, Milly, “A History of the Foxton Post Office,” unpublished manuscript in author’s possession.

Smith, Donald P., Jr. “Little Chapel in the Hills, One Hundredth Anniversary Celebration, August 12, 2001, Celebratory Message,” unpublished manuscript on file at the Pine Library, Pine, CO, 2001.

Articles and Periodicals: The Colorado Connoisseur. Volume I, Number 1, January 1988; Volume II, Number 5, May 1989.

Colorado State Business Directory. Selected years, 1884 to 1956. 1892, James R. Ives, Publisher, Denver, CO.

Colorado Transcript. August 8, 1912.

Contiguglia, Georgianna. “Genteel Artist: Irene Jerome Hood Captures Images of Her Life and Family” in Colorado Heritage, 1982, Issue 1, pgs. 79-102; Denver, CO, Colorado Historical Society.

Denver Catholic Register, June 9, 1999.

8 - 4 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Bibliography

Denver Republican, May 4, 1896.

Fletcher, Neil, editor. “Fire in the Mountains” in Echoes of Forgotten Places: A Microcosm of Colorado History. Volume I, Issue 4, September 2002; Published by Mountain Artisans Arts Council; Printed by Great Divide Printing, Woodland Park, CO.

Fletcher, Neil, editor. “Water Development and the Tourism Industry” in Echoes of Forgotten Places: A Microcosm of Colorado History. Volume I, Issue 5, December 2003. Published by Mountain Artisans Arts Council; Printed by Great Divide Printing, Woodland Park, CO.

Jefferson County Historical Commission. Historically Jeffco, Volumes 11 – 16. Golden, CO, Jefferson County Historical Commission Publications Committee, 1988 – 2003.

Jefferson County Republican, 1938 (no further date).

The Mountain Independent. Park County Nosey Page. Untitled article regarding Pine Grove, 1976.

Rainey, David. “The Platte Canyon Railroad” in Historically JeffCo, Volume 1, No. 1, Summer 1988, p. 6-7.

Rocky Mountain News, various dates 1878-1998.

Scott, Charlene. “Early Parishioners Share Memories of Historic Church: St. Elizabeth Church in Buffalo Creek” in Denver Catholic Register. June 9, 1999.

Government and Organizational Files: Colorado Historical Society, Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation. Historic Sites Inventory Forms, various sites and dates. Accessed via Compass program, Information Management Unit, Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Colorado Historical Society, Denver, CO.

Colorado Historical Society. “1000 Towns Writing Project” a series of notebooks and summary histories of towns in Colorado. Various dates and authors, 1938-1942. Stephen Hart Library, Colorado Historical Society, Denver, CO.

Colorado Historical Society, Stephen Hart Library. Research Files: CWA card files by town name; Geographic folder files by town name; Subject card and folder files by towns and individuals; Photograph Subject files by town name. Various dates. Stephen Hart Library, Colorado Historical Society, Denver, CO.

Colorado Preservation Inc. Endangered Places Program 2002: Foxton Post Office. Nomination Form and supporting documentation. On file, Colorado Preservation, Inc., Denver, CO.

8 - 5 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Bibliography

Denver Water Board. “Historic Structure Assessment – Foxton Post Office: Project No 2004- HA-044”. Submitted by Anthony and Associates, Inc., City Visions, Inc., and Atkinson-Nolan & Associates, Inc., November 2004. On file, State Historical Fund, Colorado Historical Society, Denver, CO.

Denver Water Board. “Grant Application to the Colorado Historical Society, State Historical Fund: Foxton Post Office.” 2003. On file, Colorado Preservation Inc., Denver, CO.

Jefferson County Historical Commission, “Grant Application to the Colorado Historical Society, State Historical Fund, March 27, 2003.” Jefferson County Government, Golden, CO.

Jefferson County Assessor. Property Ownership Records. Common Schedule Information and record books. Available at Assessor’s Office, Jefferson County Administration and Courts Building, Golden, CO.

National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form – Blue Jay Inn. Prepared by Connie Fahnestock, 1974. On file at the Colorado Historical Society, Denver, CO.

National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form – Green Mercantile Store. Prepared by Connie Fahnestock, 1974. On file at the Colorado Historical Society, Denver, CO.

National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form – North Fork [of the South Platte] Historic District. Prepared by Robert L. Hinkle, 1974. On file at the Colorado Historical Society, Denver, CO.

National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form – La Hacienda. Prepared by Susan Nieminen, 1973. On file at the Colorado Historical Society, Denver, CO.

United States Census Bureau. U. S. Census reports, 1890, 1900, 1910, 1920, 1930.

Archival Resources: Colorado and Southern Railway. “Hotels and Resorts in Colorado on or Reached by the Colorado and Southern Railway”. Colorado Historical Society, Stephen Hart Library, Mss. Collection 1219, Box 73, ff “Hotels and Resorts.” Denver, CO, 1926.

Colorado and Southern Railway. “Platte Canon Time Card and Fares”, Summer 1927 and Summer 1931. Denver, Colorado and Southern Railway, 1927/31

Colorado and Southern Railway. “The Resorts in Platte Canon: Colorado’s Most Picturesque Gorge”. Denver, CO, The Passenger Department of the Colorado and Southern Railway, 1904. Denver Public Library, Denver, CO, Western History Department.

Colorado and Southern Railway Collection, Manuscript Collection #1214, Stephen Hart Library, Colorado Historical Society, Denver, CO.

8 - 6 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Bibliography

Colorado and Southern Railway Collection. Platte Canon Abandonment: List of Exhibits Introduced at Hearing at Denver, Colorado before Examiner Sullivan Nov 29 – Dec 5, 1935 as part of Hearings before the Interstate Commerce Commission, Finance Docket 7132. Oversize Volume 3, Manuscript Collection #1219, Stephen Hart Library, Colorado Historical Society, Denver, CO.

Colorado and Southern Railway Collection, 1926 - 1934, Manuscript Collection #1293, Stephen Hart Library, Colorado Historical Society, Denver, CO.

Colorado and Southern Transportation Commission Collection, 1931-1937. Manuscript Collection # 1093. Stephen Hart Library, Colorado Historical Society, Denver, CO.

Denver Public Library. Western History Photos Collection. Various towns and dates. Accessed through PhotosWest Inc. at www.photoswest.org. Denver Public Library, Denver, CO.

Freeman, J. W. “South Park and the Alpine Pass” booklet issued by the Passenger Department, South Park Line. Denver, CO, 1896.

George, Sadie Damon. Scrapbook and Photo Album. Images with captions of Ferndale and sights in region, 1911-1916. Manuscript Collection Album #385, Western History Collection, Denver Public Library, Denver, CO.

Hart, Elizabeth Jerome. “The Spanish Estate.” An address given to the Monday Literary Club on October 4, 1948. Jerome – Hart Papers, Manuscript Collection #1168, Box 1, folder 8. Stephen Hart Library, Colorado Historical Society, Denver, CO.

Jefferson County Historical Society. Local History Research Files. Various dates, sources and formats. On file at the Library of the Hiwan Homestead Museum, Evergreen, CO.

Jerome, John L. Papers, 1895-1910. Manuscript Collection WH-1765, Western History Collection, Denver Public Library, Denver, CO.

Jerome – Hart Papers, Family Correspondence Files, Manuscript Collection # 1168, Stephen Hart Library, Colorado Historical Society, Denver, CO.

Morgan, Geo. T., “Argyle” and “Foxton,” Writers Program, Colorado; “Thousand Towns File” of May 19, 1940 and January 2, 1942, Stephen Hart Library, Colorado Historical Society, Denver, CO.

8 - 7 North Fork Historic District Survey Report March 2007 Maps

SECTION 9 MAPS