BURUNDI INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS HUMANITARIAN NEEDS REPORT SEPTEMBER 2020

Publica�on: December 2020 DISPLACEMENT TRACKING MATRIX

displaced due to natural disasters 127,832 including 83% Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) 17% displaced as a result of other reasons 27,615 displaced households 55% displaced persons were women 84% 45% displaced persons were men of households reported that blankets are the most needed NFI displaced persons were children 58% (under 18 years) 66% displaced households intend to return of displaced households can not afford to their places of origin 93% healthcare related fees

Map 1: Presence of IDPs per commune

Kirundo RWANDA

Cibitoke Ngozi Muyinga Kayanza DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE Bubanza Karusi CONGO Cankuzo Muramvya Bujumbura Mairie Bujumbura Mwaro Ruyigi Gitega Rural UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA

Rumonge LakeTanganyika Bururi Rutana LEGEND Provincial boundary Communal boundary Capital Number of IDPs Makamba 3 - 700 701 - 2,000 2,001 - 5,500 Burundi 5,501 - 26,605

0 15 30 60 KM

These data were collected from 5 to 30 September 2020 in all communes of the country © IOM Burundi - Reference Map (September 2020) This map is for illustra�on purposes only. Names and boundaries on this map do not imply the official endorsement or acceptance by IOM. Source: IOM, IGEBU

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DEMOGRAPHICS OF THE IDP POPULATION ACCOMMODATION TYPES Graph 1: Demographics of the IDP popula�on Graph 2: Accommoda�on types by percentage of IDPs 55% 45% Female Male

4% < 1 an 3% 33% 24% 11% 1-5 ans 9% Host families Rented houses 17% 6-17 ans 14% of displaced households can not afford 20% 18-59 ans 17% healthcare related fees 22% 3% 60 ans + 2% Collec�ve sites

YEAR OF DISPLACEMENT 15% 6% Graph 3: Percentage of currently displaced IDPs by year Straw houses Empty houses of ini�al displacement

VULNERABILITIES 2020 Graph 5: Percentage distribu�on of types of vulnerabili�es reported by IDPs 2015

8% of displaced households 2016 were headed by women 2018 2019 2017 2013-2014 2% of displaced persons were 1% 24% 15% 9% 11% 10% 29% pregnant women

of displaced persons were RETURN INTENTIONS OF DISPLACED 1% elderly living alone HOUSEHOLDS

Graph 4: Percentage of displaced households by inten�on 1% of displaced children were of return orphans

Return to community of of displaced children were origin 66% 1% unaccompanied Local integra�on 29% 1% of displaced persons live Rese�lement elsewhere in with disabili�es the country 5%

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MOVEMENTS OF DISPLACED PERSONS*

86% 14%

109,445 IDPs 18,387 IDPs Intraprovincial displacements** Interprovincial displacements**

Map 2: Movements of displaced persons

758

RWANDA 5 454 Kirundo

9 767 Muyinga 6 295

113 Cibitoke 567 96 Kayanza Ngozi 1 018

1 353 798 DEMOCRATIC 631 Bubanza REPUBLIC OF THE 399 4 262 9 135 CONGO 7 642 Karusi Muramvya 224 Cankuzo

548 Bujumbura Gitega 528 Mairie 27 563 UNITED REPUBLIC 4 956 Mwaro 72 OF Bujumbura 28 449 39 735 TANZANIA Rural 72 Ruyigi

7 513

Rumonge Rutana Bururi Legend: 1 745 1 966 Intraprovincial Movement

Interprovincial Movement

Provincial boundary 113 168 357 2 948 591

833 Makamba

© IOM Burundi - Reference Map (September 2020) This map is for illustra�on purposes only. Names and boundaries on this map do not imply the official endorsement or acceptance by IOM. Source: IOM, IGEBU * Movements of less than 40 persons were not represented on this map. * * Intraprovincial displacements are displacements that occur within the province of origin. Interprovincial displacements are displacements that occur outside the province of origin. 3 | 9 DISPLACEMENT TRACKING MATRIX

IDP DISPLACEMENT TRENDS

Graph 6: Change in number of IDPs by reason for decrease or increase from August to September 2020

Net Decrease Return to community of origin 277 277 Local integration - 4,144 84 2 Unknown -112 -75 -22 Net Increase Resettlement in the country + 640 Resettlement outside the country Drought Other -1,535 Strong winds Torrential rain

-2,400 Table 1: Change in IDP presence from August to September 2020, by province Between the months of August and September, Province August September Difference Trend an overall decrease of 3 per cent (3,504 IDPs) in 2020 2020 the number of internal displaced persons was Bubanza 9,116 8,667 -449 recorded. This decrease were mainly due to the permanent return of IDPs in their communities Bujumbura Mairie 27,682 27,563 -119 of origin, as well as local integration. Bujumbura Rural 28,791 28,459 -332 The province of Cibitoke recorded the largest decrease with 44 per cent (1,557 IDPs) of the Bururi 1,865 1,745 -120 overall monthly decrease in IDPs. A number of IDPs in the communes of Rugombo, Buganda Cankuzo 14,237 14,419 182 and Bukinanyana, took advantage of the dry Cibitoke 11,324 9,767 -1,557 season to rebuild their destroyed homes and returned in their communities of origin. Gitega 885 742 -143

Another decrease was reported in the province Karusi 637 631 -6 of Bubanza mainly in the communes of Bubanza, Musigati and Rugazi where 449 IDPs returned to Kayanza 1,754 1,779 25 their places of origin after the rehabilitation of their houses. Kirundo 5,361 5,454 93

In the province of Bujumbura Rural, a decrease Makamba 5,190 5,010 -180 of 332 IDPs was reported after the return of Muramvya 602 548 -54 some IDP families to their community of origin. Some families in the commune of Mugongo- Muyinga 7,314 7,160 -154 manga received a support from the Solidarity NGO to rehabilitate their houses and returned Mwaro 169 135 -34 to their place of origin. Ngozi 693 695 2 Despite the decreases reported in other provinces, the province of Cankuzo identified Rumonge 7,701 7,513 -188 182 persons newly displaced by torrential rains and strong winds occurred on the 31st of August Rutana 2,212 1,966 -246 in the communes of Kigamba and Mishiha. Ruyigi 5,803 5,579 -224

Total 131,336 127,832 -3,504

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HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW

EDUCATION

Graph 7: Percentage of households reporting the 67% of households reported the lack of school materials. lack of school materials, by province Among the 24,783 displaced school-age children (aged 6 to 17), 77 per cent attended school. The lack of school Bururi 100% materials was the main reason reported by households as it prevented children from going to school. Households in Mwaro 100% the provinces of Bururi, Gitega, Kayanza, Ngozi et Mwaro Kayanza were the most affected by this lack of school materials. 95% For some IDP households (13%), lack of food was also a Ngozi 92% reason preventing children from going to school. Gitega 89%

WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE

Graph 8: Percentage of households reporting the 32% of households have non-functional latrines. lack of functional latrines, by province Bujumbura Mairie, Ruyigi, Bubanza and Makamba are Bujumbura Mairie 70% provinces with large majority (more than 60%) of displaced households without functional latrines. Due to their high Ruyigi 69% degree of vulnerability, IDPs spend most of their income on food at the expense of of building latrines. Bubanza 66% Kirundo 66% Cibitoke 50%

NUTRITION

Graph 9: Percentage of households reporting access 41% of households had access to only one meal per day. to one meal per day, by province

Most IDP households (more than 70%) in Kirundo, Ngozi Kirundo 97% and Rumonge provinces reported that they only ate one meal per day. The province of Kirundo was the most Ngozi 83% affected due to the vulnerability of IDP households. The province of Cibitoke (62%) was also affected and Rumonge 72% the reason would be the natural disasters which have Cibitoke destroyed crops during the rainy seasons. 62% Muyinga 54% Bubanza 51%

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HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW

Graph 10: Percentage of households do not have HEALTH access to pharmacies, by province

37% of households did not have access to a pharmacy. Bururi 74% The most common health problems reported by surveyed Ruyigi 69% households were malaria (91%), flu (68%) and amoeba Muramvya 59% (57%). The majority of households in Bururi, Ruyigi, Muramvya, and Rumonge provinces reported that they Rumonge 56% did not have access to pharmacies. These were available in cities or provincial capitals while the majority of IDPs Karusi 54% lived in the countryside. Ngozi 53% Rutana 52%

LIVELIHOODS

Graph 11: Percentage of households do not have 56% of households did not have access to arable land. access to arable land, by province According to the surveyed households, the main Bujumbura Mairie 93% occupations of IDPs were daily work (50%) and agriculture (43%). The vast majority of IDP households in Bujumbura Bubanza 73% Mairie, Bubanza, Rumonge and Makamba provinces did not have access to arable land. The particularity of Rumonge 66% Bujumbura Mairie is the unavailability of cultivable land in Makamba 61% general, and in the other provinces, the high population density could explain the lack of arable land. Bujumbura Rural 56%

Cankuzo 53%

NON-FOOD ITEMS (NFI)

Graph 12: Percentage of households reporting small 41% of households reported small hosting capacity as hosting capacity as a shelther issue, by province a shelter issue. The majority of households in Kirundo, Muramvya, Kirundo 91% Cibitoke, and Makamba provinces reported small hosting Muramvya 57% capacity as a shelter issue considering that IDPs and host families shared the same roof. Another major shelter Muyinga 56% issue was weather protection reported by 39 per cent of displaced households. Cibitoke 50% Makamba 50%

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HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW

NFI (NON-FOOD ITEMS) NEEDS

The table below shows the different provinces according to the percentages of displaced households that reported the most needed non-food items.

Table 2: Overview of IDP household Non-Food Item needs, by province

Province Blankets Kitchen Soap Buckets Mats Mosquito Feminine utensils nets hygiene

Bubanza 92% 76% 66% 44% 4% 30% 4%

Bujumbura Mairie 83% 67% 63% 40% 20% 87% 47%

Bujumbura Rural 89% 95% 96% 96% 38% 12% 1%

Bururi 61% 74% 74% 43% 33% 48% 26%

Cankuzo 98% 94% 92% 88% 76% 16% 50%

Cibitoke 98% 48% 48% 37% 33% 22% 32%

Gitega 71% 70% 48% 45% 17% 15% 40%

Karusi 76% 26% 66% 50% 34% 26% 28%

Kayanza 92% 99% 94% 82% 14% 0% 14%

Kirundo 90% 96% 80% 71% 14% 30% 56%

Makamba 85% 95% 63% 73% 45% 47% 58%

Muramvya 75% 66% 75% 16% 25% 14% 2%

Muyinga 91% 79% 63% 69% 30% 0% 9%

Mwaro 51% 49% 33% 36% 0% 11% 15%

Ngozi 81% 50% 57% 51% 42% 30% 10%

Rumonge 80% 82% 52% 50% 28% 18% 2%

Rutana 82% 85% 32% 48% 10% 32% 12%

Ruyigi 99% 86% 61% 54% 37% 53% 4%

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RETURN INTENTIONS OF DISPLACED HOUSEHOLDS

Most of displaced households (66%) reported an inten�on to Graph 13: Percentage of displaced households by return to their places of origin. In the provinces of Cibitoke return inten�ons (9,767 IDPs), Rutana (1,966 IDPs), Gitega (742 IDPs), Ngozi (695 IDPs) Karusi (631 IDPs) and Muramvya (548 IDPs) at least 80 per cent of displaced households had the inten�on of returning to their places of origin. The majority of the Return to community of origin Local integra�on displaced households in these provinces had moved due to 66% 29% natural disasters which had caused several damages Rese�lement elsewhere in the (destruc�on of houses and infrastructure). Most of the country displaced households wanted to return to their places of 5% origin, but the return condi�ons have remained unfavorable.

About 29 per cent of households reported their inten�ons to integrate locally. The vast majority of households in Cankuzo province (80%) preferred to integrate locally due to the availability of land for construc�on of houses as well as agricultural labor jobs. In Makamba province, more than half of displaced households (57%) preferred local integra�on, taking into account the presence of employment opportuni�es due to presence of agricultural labor in the communes bordering with the United Republic of Tanzania and the availability of land for house construc�on. The majority of displaced people (88%) in Makamba province came from other provinces (Bujumbura Rural, Rumonge, Karusi, Gitega and Bujumbura Mairie). For the province of Cankuzo, 37 per cent of IDPs came from the provinces of Kirundo, Muyinga and Karusi.

REASONS PREVENTING THE RETURN OF DISPLACED HOUSEHOLDS

Graph 14: Percentage of displaced households by reason preven�ng the return of IDPs

Damaged houses 68% Lack of food 12% Lack of security 7% Lack of access to income genera�ng ac�vi�es 6% Lack of means 6% Lack of access to social infrastructures 1%

The majority of internal displacement (83%) was due to natural disasters. The destruc�on of houses by torren�al rains and strong winds was one of the causes of internal displacement in several provinces of the country and also one of the reasons for preven�ng the return of 68 per cent of displaced households to their damaged homes. Surveyed households in the provinces of Rumonge (100%), Muramvya (97%), Karusi (92%), Gitega (90%), Bujumbura Rural (89%) and Rutana (85%) reported damaged houses as the reason for not returning home. In addi�on, lack of financial resources was an impediment for these displaced households who are not able to rebuild their destroyed homes.

The majority of households in Kirundo province (63%) reported food scarcity as the reason for not returning to their community of origin. This lack of food was due to prolonged drought in this province. These households preferred to stay in their areas of displacement where the food was available. Displaced households in the provinces of Cankuzo (22%), Muyinga (15%) and Ngozi (15%) reported the same reason for displacement (lack of food), as a significant number of IDPs in these provinces were displaced from Kirundo.

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DTM METHODOLOGY

The IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) is a comprehensive system to analyze and disseminate informa�on to be�er understand the movements and needs of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Burundi. Volunteers from the Burundian Red Cross (BRC) consult with key informants to iden�fy displacement trends and needs in their communi�es. Key informants can be community leaders, local government authori�es and religious leaders.

Enumerators complete three types of assessments:

The commune level assessement provides informa�on on displacement trends in all communes in Burundi (119 communes). This assessment provides informa�on on displacement periods, provinces of origin and new displacements phenomena.

The colline level assessment provides informa�on regarding humanitarian needs in the top five displacement areas (collines*) hos�ng the highest numbers of displaced persons per commune.** This assessment provides informa�on on demographics, vulnerabili�es and sectoral needs.

The household level assessment provides informa�on regarding humanitarian needs in two newly displaced households in surveyed collines.***

Data presented in this report were collected from 5 to 30 September 2020.

*Collines are the smallest administra�ve en��es in Burundi. ** While colline assessments are conducted in the five collines hos�ng the highest numbers of displaced persons in each commune. Nineteen communes in the provinces of Bujumbura Rural, Bururi, Gitega, Karusi, Muramvya and Mwaro have 41 collines that do not host IDPs. Assessments from 554 collines are used in the analysis of this report.

*** All 554 collines host two newly displaced households. Assessments from 1,108 households are used in the analysis of this report.

All DTM Burundi reports and information products are available on https://displacement.iom.int/burundi/

For more informa�on, please contact: IOM Burundi, [email protected] 9 | 9