OCTOBER 2012 OCTOBER 2012 OT H E D Ebn V E R S E R V E R
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MESSIER 13 RA(2000) : 16H 41M 42S DEC(2000): +36° 27'
MESSIER 13 RA(2000) : 16h 41m 42s DEC(2000): +36° 27’ 41” BASIC INFORMATION OBJECT TYPE: Globular Cluster CONSTELLATION: Hercules BEST VIEW: Late July DISCOVERY: Edmond Halley, 1714 DISTANCE: 25,100 ly DIAMETER: 145 ly APPARENT MAGNITUDE: +5.8 APPARENT DIMENSIONS: 20’ Starry Night FOV: 1.00 Lyra FOV: 60.00 Libra MESSIER 6 (Butterfly Cluster) RA(2000) : 17Ophiuchus h 40m 20s DEC(2000): -32° 15’ 12” M6 Sagitta Serpens Cauda Vulpecula Scutum Scorpius Aquila M6 FOV: 5.00 Telrad Delphinus Norma Sagittarius Corona Australis Ara Equuleus M6 Triangulum Australe BASIC INFORMATION OBJECT TYPE: Open Cluster Telescopium CONSTELLATION: Scorpius Capricornus BEST VIEW: August DISCOVERY: Giovanni Batista Hodierna, c. 1654 DISTANCE: 1600 ly MicroscopiumDIAMETER: 12 – 25 ly Pavo APPARENT MAGNITUDE: +4.2 APPARENT DIMENSIONS: 25’ – 54’ AGE: 50 – 100 million years Telrad Indus MESSIER 7 (Ptolemy’s Cluster) RA(2000) : 17h 53m 51s DEC(2000): -34° 47’ 36” BASIC INFORMATION OBJECT TYPE: Open Cluster CONSTELLATION: Scorpius BEST VIEW: August DISCOVERY: Claudius Ptolemy, 130 A.D. DISTANCE: 900 – 1000 ly DIAMETER: 20 – 25 ly APPARENT MAGNITUDE: +3.3 APPARENT DIMENSIONS: 80’ AGE: ~220 million years FOV:Starry 1.00Night FOV: 60.00 Hercules Libra MESSIER 8 (THE LAGOON NEBULA) RA(2000) : 18h 03m 37s DEC(2000): -24° 23’ 12” Lyra M8 Ophiuchus Serpens Cauda Cygnus Scorpius Sagitta M8 FOV: 5.00 Scutum Telrad Vulpecula Aquila Ara Corona Australis Sagittarius Delphinus M8 BASIC INFORMATION Telescopium OBJECT TYPE: Star Forming Region CONSTELLATION: Sagittarius Equuleus BEST -
Messier Objects
Messier Objects From the Stocker Astroscience Center at Florida International University Miami Florida The Messier Project Main contributors: • Daniel Puentes • Steven Revesz • Bobby Martinez Charles Messier • Gabriel Salazar • Riya Gandhi • Dr. James Webb – Director, Stocker Astroscience center • All images reduced and combined using MIRA image processing software. (Mirametrics) What are Messier Objects? • Messier objects are a list of astronomical sources compiled by Charles Messier, an 18th and early 19th century astronomer. He created a list of distracting objects to avoid while comet hunting. This list now contains over 110 objects, many of which are the most famous astronomical bodies known. The list contains planetary nebula, star clusters, and other galaxies. - Bobby Martinez The Telescope The telescope used to take these images is an Astronomical Consultants and Equipment (ACE) 24- inch (0.61-meter) Ritchey-Chretien reflecting telescope. It has a focal ratio of F6.2 and is supported on a structure independent of the building that houses it. It is equipped with a Finger Lakes 1kx1k CCD camera cooled to -30o C at the Cassegrain focus. It is equipped with dual filter wheels, the first containing UBVRI scientific filters and the second RGBL color filters. Messier 1 Found 6,500 light years away in the constellation of Taurus, the Crab Nebula (known as M1) is a supernova remnant. The original supernova that formed the crab nebula was observed by Chinese, Japanese and Arab astronomers in 1054 AD as an incredibly bright “Guest star” which was visible for over twenty-two months. The supernova that produced the Crab Nebula is thought to have been an evolved star roughly ten times more massive than the Sun. -
The Evolution of the Milky Way: New Insights from Open Clusters
Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 000, 1–?? (2016) Printed 12 September 2016 (MN LATEX style file v2.2) The evolution of the Milky Way: New insights from open clusters Arumalla B. S. Reddy1⋆, David L. Lambert1 and Sunetra Giridhar2 1W.J. McDonald Observatory and Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA 2Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore 560034, India Accepted 2016 September 07. Received 2016 September 07; in original form 2016 May 12 ABSTRACT We have collected high-dispersion echelle spectra of red giant members in the twelve open clusters (OCs) and derived stellar parameters and chemical abundances for 26 species by either line equivalent widths or synthetic spectrum analyses. We confirm the lack of an age−metallicity relation for OCs but argue that such a lack of trend for OCs arise from the limited coverage in metallicity compared to that of field stars which span a wide range in metallicity and age. We confirm that the radial metallicity gradient of OCs is steeper (flatter) for Rgc < 12 kpc (>12 kpc). We demonstrate that the sample of clusters constituting a steep radial metallicity −1 gradient of slope −0.052±0.011 dex kpc at Rgc < 12 kpc are younger than 1.5 Gyr and located close to the Galactic midplane (| z| < 0.5 kpc) with kinematics typical of the thin disc. Whereas the clusters describing a shallow slope of −0.015±0.007 −1 dex kpc at Rgc > 12 kpc are relatively old, thick disc members with a striking spread in age and height above the midplane (0.5 < | z| < 2.5 kpc). -
Mind the Gap, Part 2
Mind The Gap, Part 2 CFAS General Meeting Wednesday, September 10, 2014 Lacerta the Lizard As the last glow of evening twilight drains from the western sky during September evenings, the small constellation Lacerta crawls high overhead. This celestial lizard was created in 1687 by Johann Hevelius to fill the void between Cygnus and Andromeda. - Walter Scott Houston, Deep-Sky Wonders Urania’s Mirror, circa 1825 No region in the heavens is barren. No constellation is fruitless for the observer. Even a lifetime of exploring the celestial display cannot exhaust the surprises that dance so beautifully before the amateur astronomer. - WSHouston NGC 7243 (Caldwell 16), is an open cluster of magnitude +6.4. It is located near the naked-eye stars Alpha Lacertae, 4 Lacertae, an A-class double star, and planetary nebula IC 5217. It lies approximately 2,800 light-years away, and is thought to be just over 100 million years old, consisting mainly of white and blue stars. NGC 7209 is a young, open cluster estimated to be around 410 million years-old and as suggested by the plethora of bright bluish stars. It is comprised of approximately 100 member stars and dominated by a handful of magnitude 7 to 9 stars and which includes an impressive pair of carbon stars at its center (mags 9.48 and 10.11). NGC 7209 is well-detached from the backround sky with a slight vertical concentration in a field spanning the apparent diameter of the full moon. The cluster has been estimated to lie at a distance of 3,810 light-years away. -
Astronomy Magazine Special Issue
γ ι ζ γ δ α κ β κ ε γ β ρ ε ζ υ α φ ψ ω χ α π χ φ γ ω ο ι δ κ α ξ υ λ τ μ β α σ θ ε β σ δ γ ψ λ ω σ η ν θ Aι must-have for all stargazers η δ μ NEW EDITION! ζ λ β ε η κ NGC 6664 NGC 6539 ε τ μ NGC 6712 α υ δ ζ M26 ν NGC 6649 ψ Struve 2325 ζ ξ ATLAS χ α NGC 6604 ξ ο ν ν SCUTUM M16 of the γ SERP β NGC 6605 γ V450 ξ η υ η NGC 6645 M17 φ θ M18 ζ ρ ρ1 π Barnard 92 ο χ σ M25 M24 STARS M23 ν β κ All-in-one introduction ALL NEW MAPS WITH: to the night sky 42,000 more stars (87,000 plotted down to magnitude 8.5) AND 150+ more deep-sky objects (more than 1,200 total) The Eagle Nebula (M16) combines a dark nebula and a star cluster. In 100+ this intense region of star formation, “pillars” form at the boundaries spectacular between hot and cold gas. You’ll find this object on Map 14, a celestial portion of which lies above. photos PLUS: How to observe star clusters, nebulae, and galaxies AS2-CV0610.indd 1 6/10/10 4:17 PM NEW EDITION! AtlAs Tour the night sky of the The staff of Astronomy magazine decided to This atlas presents produce its first star atlas in 2006. -
A Basic Requirement for Studying the Heavens Is Determining Where In
Abasic requirement for studying the heavens is determining where in the sky things are. To specify sky positions, astronomers have developed several coordinate systems. Each uses a coordinate grid projected on to the celestial sphere, in analogy to the geographic coordinate system used on the surface of the Earth. The coordinate systems differ only in their choice of the fundamental plane, which divides the sky into two equal hemispheres along a great circle (the fundamental plane of the geographic system is the Earth's equator) . Each coordinate system is named for its choice of fundamental plane. The equatorial coordinate system is probably the most widely used celestial coordinate system. It is also the one most closely related to the geographic coordinate system, because they use the same fun damental plane and the same poles. The projection of the Earth's equator onto the celestial sphere is called the celestial equator. Similarly, projecting the geographic poles on to the celest ial sphere defines the north and south celestial poles. However, there is an important difference between the equatorial and geographic coordinate systems: the geographic system is fixed to the Earth; it rotates as the Earth does . The equatorial system is fixed to the stars, so it appears to rotate across the sky with the stars, but of course it's really the Earth rotating under the fixed sky. The latitudinal (latitude-like) angle of the equatorial system is called declination (Dec for short) . It measures the angle of an object above or below the celestial equator. The longitud inal angle is called the right ascension (RA for short). -
Governs the Making of Photocopies Or Other Reproductions of Copyrighted Materials
Warning Concerning Copyright Restrictions The Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted materials. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research. If electronic transmission of reserve material is used for purposes in excess of what constitutes "fair use," that user may be liable for copyright infringement. University of Nevada, Reno A Photometric Survey and Analysis of the M29 and M52 Open Star Clusters at the University of Nevada, Reno A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Physics by Matthew N. Tooth Dr. Melodi Rodrigue, Ph.D., Thesis Advisor December, 2012 UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA THE HONORS PROGRAM RENO We recommend that the thesis prepared under our supervision by Matthew N. Tooth entitled A Photometric Survey and Analysis of the M29 and M52 Open Star Clusters at the University of Nevada, Reno be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science, Physics ______________________________________________ Melodi Rodrigue, Ph.D., Thesis Advisor ______________________________________________ David Bennum, Ph.D., Thesis Reader ______________________________________________ Tamara Valentine, Ph.D., Director, Honors Program December, 2012 ! i! Abstract One of the many tools at an astronomer’s disposal is photometry. By measuring the magnitudes of stars in star clusters in various wavelength filters we can obtain data that can provide important pieces of information about groups of stars. -
August 2012 of You Know I Went to the Astronomical League Conference (Alcon) in Chicago at the Beginning of July with My Grandmother
BACKBACK BAYBAY observerobserver The Official Newsletter of the Back Bay Amateur Astronomers P.O. Box 9877, Virginia Beach, VA 23450-9877 Looking Up! Hello again! This month I actually have a story EPHEMERALS to tell, instead of just random ramblings. As most august 2012 of you know I went to the Astronomical League Conference (ALCon) in Chicago at the beginning of July with my grandmother. It was great. Not quite 08/24, 7:00 pm as good as last year, seeing as I had to pay for it Night Hike and they didn’t give me a check and a plaque this Northwest River Park year (last year I won the Horkheimer Youth award, which paid for my trip), but it was still a lot of fun, and very educational. I met a lot of cool 08/24, 8:00 pm people and definitely learned something. The Garden Stars whole trip was a big story, but a few events stand Norfolk Botanical Gardens out the most in my memory, and they’re all connected to some extent. 08/28, 7:00 pm Boardwalk Astronomy It all started on the day we got there. ALCon is Near 24th St Stage an annual four day conference usually in the VA Beach Oceanfront beginning of July. This year, the day we got there was July fourth. After checking in, taking a nap and 09/06, 7:30 pm dining, we decided to participate in the observing BBAA Monthly Meeting event outside the hotel. It was in a parking lot with lights, and fireworks, but there was a large moon TCC Campus and Saturn was up, so we went for it. -
List of Bright Nebulae Primary I.D. Alternate I.D. Nickname
List of Bright Nebulae Alternate Primary I.D. Nickname I.D. NGC 281 IC 1590 Pac Man Neb LBN 619 Sh 2-183 IC 59, IC 63 Sh2-285 Gamma Cas Nebula Sh 2-185 NGC 896 LBN 645 IC 1795, IC 1805 Melotte 15 Heart Nebula IC 848 Soul Nebula/Baby Nebula vdB14 BD+59 660 NGC 1333 Embryo Neb vdB15 BD+58 607 GK-N1901 MCG+7-8-22 Nova Persei 1901 DG 19 IC 348 LBN 758 vdB 20 Electra Neb. vdB21 BD+23 516 Maia Nebula vdB22 BD+23 522 Merope Neb. vdB23 BD+23 541 Alcyone Neb. IC 353 NGC 1499 California Nebula NGC 1491 Fossil Footprint Neb IC 360 LBN 786 NGC 1554-55 Hind’s Nebula -Struve’s Lost Nebula LBN 896 Sh 2-210 NGC 1579 Northern Trifid Nebula NGC 1624 G156.2+05.7 G160.9+02.6 IC 2118 Witch Head Nebula LBN 991 LBN 945 IC 405 Caldwell 31 Flaming Star Nebula NGC 1931 LBN 1001 NGC 1952 M 1 Crab Nebula Sh 2-264 Lambda Orionis N NGC 1973, 1975, Running Man Nebula 1977 NGC 1976, 1982 M 42, M 43 Orion Nebula NGC 1990 Epsilon Orionis Neb NGC 1999 Rubber Stamp Neb NGC 2070 Caldwell 103 Tarantula Nebula Sh2-240 Simeis 147 IC 425 IC 434 Horsehead Nebula (surrounds dark nebula) Sh 2-218 LBN 962 NGC 2023-24 Flame Nebula LBN 1010 NGC 2068, 2071 M 78 SH 2 276 Barnard’s Loop NGC 2149 NGC 2174 Monkey Head Nebula IC 2162 Ced 72 IC 443 LBN 844 Jellyfish Nebula Sh2-249 IC 2169 Ced 78 NGC Caldwell 49 Rosette Nebula 2237,38,39,2246 LBN 943 Sh 2-280 SNR205.6- G205.5+00.5 Monoceros Nebula 00.1 NGC 2261 Caldwell 46 Hubble’s Var. -
THE 06.5Liif STAR BD +60°2522 and ITS INTERACTION with the SURROUNDING INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM
THE 06.5lIIf STAR BD +60°2522 AND ITS INTERACTION WITH THE SURROUNDING INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM C. Chavarria-K., C. Jäger, and C. Leitherer Landessternwarte Königstuhl D-6900 Heidelberg Germany The luminous O-type star BD +60°2522 is embedded in the ex- tended H II region S 162. Part of S 162 is NGC 7635, the striking spherically symmetric bubble nebula surrounding BD +60°2522. This star itself is unique in that it is the only known 0 star apparently associated with warm dust. In an attempt to study the interaction of the central Ο star with the surrounding Η II region we obtained flux ca- librated narrow-band CCD frames (Ηα, Ηβ, Ο III, Ν II ) and highly resolved coude spectrograms. Fig. 1 shows the northern part of NGC 7653. This figu- re underlines the sharp boundary between the bubble nebula and the nearby H II region. This boundary represents a drop in density, since the output of stellar Lyman photons suf- fices to ionize the whole S 162 complex (i. e. NGC 7653 is density bounded). A marked peculiarity within NGC 7635 is the comet-like condensation west of BD +60°2522. The Ηα/Ηβ ratio is found to be very uniform all over the bubble nebula, Ε(B-V) - 0.5, except for the bright west- ward condensations, E(B-V) - 1.0. The density structure is derived from the S II 6716/ 6731 ratio obtained from the long-slit spectrograms. The maximum density in the knots is about 10* cm~3, whereas the average density outside the knots is 102 - 103 cm"3. -
Astrophotography a Beginner’S Guide
Astrophotography A Beginner’s Guide By James Seaman Copyright © James Seaman 2018 Contents Astrophotography ................................................................................................................................... 5 Equipment ........................................................................................................................................... 6 DSLR Cameras ..................................................................................................................................... 7 Sensors ............................................................................................................................................ 7 Focal Length .................................................................................................................................... 8 Exposure .......................................................................................................................................... 9 Aperture ........................................................................................................................................ 10 ISO ................................................................................................................................................. 11 White Balance ............................................................................................................................... 12 File Formats .................................................................................................................................. -
MESSIER 15 RA(2000) : 21H 29M 58S DEC(2000): +12° 10'
MESSIER 15 RA(2000) : 21h 29m 58s DEC(2000): +12° 10’ 01” BASIC INFORMATION OBJECT TYPE: Globular Cluster CONSTELLATION: Pegasus BEST VIEW: Late October DISCOVERY: Jean-Dominique Maraldi, 1746 DISTANCE: 33,600 ly DIAMETER: 175 ly APPARENT MAGNITUDE: +6.2 APPARENT DIMENSIONS: 18’ FOV:Starry 1.00Night FOV: 60.00 Vulpecula Sagitta Pegasus NGC 7009 (THE SATURN NEBULA) Delphinus NGC 7009 RA(2000) : 21h 04m 10.8s DEC(2000): -11° 21’ 48.6” Equuleus Pisces Aquila NGC 7009 FOV: 5.00 Aquarius Telrad Capricornus Sagittarius Cetus Piscis Austrinus NGC 7009 Microscopium BASIC INFORMATION OBJECT TYPE: Planetary Nebula CONSTELLATION: Aquarius Sculptor BEST VIEW: Early November DISCOVERY: William Herschel, 1782 DISTANCE: 2000 - 4000 ly DIAMETER: 0.4 - 0.8 ly Grus APPARENT MAGNITUDE: +8.0 APPARENT DIMENSIONS: 41” x 35” Telescopium Telrad Indus NGC 7662 (THE BLUE SNOWBALL) RA(2000) : 23h 25m 53.6s DEC(2000): +42° 32’ 06” BASIC INFORMATION OBJECT TYPE: Planetary Nebula CONSTELLATION: Andromeda BEST VIEW: Late November DISCOVERY: William Herschel, 1784 DISTANCE: 1800 – 6400 ly DIAMETER: 0.3 – 1.1 ly APPARENT MAGNITUDE: +8.6 APPARENT DIMENSIONS: 37” MESSIER 52 RA(2000) : 23h 24m 48s DEC(2000): +61° 35’ 36” BASIC INFORMATION OBJECT TYPE: Open Cluster CONSTELLATION: Cassiopeia BEST VIEW: December DISCOVERY: Charles Messier, 1774 DISTANCE: ~5000 ly DIAMETER: 19 ly APPARENT MAGNITUDE: +7.3 APPARENT DIMENSIONS: 13’ AGE: 50 million years FOV:Starry 1.00Night FOV: 60.00 Auriga Cepheus Andromeda MESSIER 31 (THE ANDROMEDA GALAXY) M 31 RA(2000) : 00h 42m 44.3Cassiopeias DEC(2000): +41° 16’ 07.5” Perseus Lacerta AndromedaM 31 FOV: 5.00 Telrad Triangulum Taurus Orion Aries Andromeda M 31 Pegasus Pisces BASIC INFORMATION OBJECT TYPE: Galaxy CONSTELLATION: Andromeda Telrad BEST VIEW: December DISCOVERY: Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi, 964 Eridanus CetusDISTANCE: 2.5 million ly DIAMETER: ~250,000 ly* APPARENT MAGNITUDE: +3.4 APPARENT DIMENSIONS: 178’ x 63’ (3° x 1°) *This value represents the total diameter of the disk, based on multi-wavelength measurements.