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Cross-Platform Multimedia Contents Through Model Transformations: the Digital TV Case

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Cross-Platform Multimedia Contents Through Model Transformations: the Digital TV Case Cross-Platform Multimedia Contents through Model Transformations: The Digital TV Case Aitor Rodríguez Alsina Ph.D. Thesis Dissertation Directed by Jordi Carrabina Bordoll Bellaterra, July 2012 PhD of the Computer Science Program of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Engineering School. Department of Microelectronics and Electronic Systems Jordi Carrabina, lecturer in the Microelectronics and Electronic Systems Department of the “Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona”, CERTIFIES: That the present thesis has been realized under his direction by Aitor Rodríguez Alsina in partial fullment of the requirements of the Ph.D. degree on Computer Science by the “Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona”. Bellaterra, July 2012. To Oli, half of this work is yours To my mother and brother To Vito, a huge friend in a small format ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis, as well as all the work that is behind, would not been possible without the help and support of many people that with their knowledge, complicity and patience have contributed to the development of this research. As a wise said in a famous speech, one can not connect the dots of life by looking forward; one can only connect them looking backwards and realize the actual sequence that has brought to one to a particular moment. When applying this statement to the present work, the hard moments that always come with any success are blurred in my mind with the sweet to form a unified feel of satisfaction by the end of a personal commitment. I am sincerely grateful to Prof. Jordi Carrabina for his support and directions along this time, but especially for give me the opportunity to work in a leading research center that has been the cornerstone of my learning during the past 7 years. I have honestly to thank to him for many of the connected dots that bring me where I am today. This includes reached milestones, training, travels, meetings, projects, discussions, laughs, annoyances, joys, and those aspects that day by day help to forge a working and personal relationship. His help has been significant in the last stage of this dissertation, when his motivation and reviews have been determinant to reach the final at the planned time. In this last development stage of this research, I've also received an incomparable support from Prof. Pilar Orero, self-styled the “mom of PhD students of CAIAC”, and Dr. Guillermo Talavera, one of the friends who has given me orientation from the point of view of somebody that has recently given my steps before. It is difficult to make a complete list of all people that I would like to thank by its daily friendship and collaboration in the work place. I’ll try to form a non-complete list of them: Màrius Monton, Borja Martínez, Roger Puig, Joan Carles Chak, Héctor Delgado, Marc Moreno, Eduard Céspedes, Eric Teruel, Carlos Montero, Joan Garcia, Anna Vilaró, Sofia Arqués and Marta Viana among others. Please try to imagine that I have written some personal and sentimental lines for each of you and accept a huge hug from me. On the personal side, the list is still bigger and I'm very glad for having the friends who still put up with me. At the risk of losing some of them for do not appearing here, I will try to give a non comprehensive list: Gerard, Toni, Raquel, Quim, Natalia, Montse, Cristian, Arantxa, Santi, Miki, Assun, Miquel, Olga, Jordi, … <put your name here>. I would like to add also a special line to thank the short but helpful experience of the course University2Business (organized by the UAB) that I recently had the opportunity to i share with really great people. They have taught me that team working is more than sharing knowledge to reach a milestone. The more special grateful is definitely to my wife, Oli, for who I neither have enough space to thank her for being as she is, nor enough poetic writing style to address the words she deserve. Luckily, she knows what I mean. Another special place is for my mother, who is the main responsible for being who I am today and who actually deserves my most sincerely grateful by his unconditional love, help and patience. I would like to mention my brother, whom I definitely appreciate despite our ups and downs. I feel also a sincerely grateful to the family of my wife, who has accepted me happily from the first day. Please, accept my apologies for being disconnected the last months, but I have been writing the book you have in hands now. The last, but not the least, friend that I want to remember here is to my little mate Vito. Sometimes, the connection that can be achieved between people and animals overcomes any expectation, especially when talking about a proud Jack Russell. His life has been attached to the present dissertation, time in which I cannot enumerate the number of laughs and good moments that he selflessly gave to me. He was born in Setember 2008, when I started this research, and died because a suddenly and serious illness while I was writing the last lines of this work. He will never read these lines of gratitude, but I hope that this small tribute serve to remind him beyond my personal memory. ii ABSTRACT The current diversity of internet-connected consumer devices enables an increasing variety of multimedia platforms for accessing audiovisual content, interactive services, games and all kind of user applications. The concept of digital TV is evolving from being an isolated unidirectional technology to become part of the ecosystem of services users consume in their multimedia home or nomadic environment. In this context, the convergence between interactive TV, Internet, and applications is a reality thanks to the family of smart devices that are available on the market. Smart TVs, smartphones, tablets, and game consoles allow users to access TV contents and interactive applications through multiple networks. The number of different application formats and runtime environments that currently enable interactive TV services hinders the portability of applications developed for those environments. The lack of a globally unified and accepted standard for the deployment of interactive contents on TV platforms requires the use of special techniques to adapt those contents from one platform to another. Interactive content producers can save both time and resources when developing the same content for different platforms. The main objective of this dissertation is the proposal and validation of a suitable methodology for the efficient generation and maintenance of cross-platform iTV applications, which allows the separation between the design process and its multiple implementations for different platforms. This thesis analyzes the current context of interactive TV and proposes a solution for generating “write once, adapt to anywhere” applications based on a portable content format for TV environments. The proposed methodology is validated through different application use cases that have been tested using the software framework developed in the course of this research. This includes the required modules for translating cross-platform descriptions into platform-specific iTV applications and an integrated development environment containing a visual editor for graphic user interfaces that stores the interface description in the portable content format. The study of multimedia content synchronization in web-based platforms generated a secondary contribution for the development of subtitling systems based on HTML5. This proposal takes advantage of SVG and SMIL for synchronizing customizable video subtitles across web platforms. It also enables to reduce considerably the code required by an application for managing time issues. The results of the user experience evaluation for the proposed subtitling system show that SMIL time features allow an efficient management of subtitles across different HTML5 platforms without losing the synchronization between the presentation components. iii iv “Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.” Arthur C. Clarke v vi CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................................... i ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................................... iii CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................................ vii INDEX OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................. xi INDEX OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................. xiii ACRONYMS ...................................................................................................................................... xiv CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 1.1. The Addressed Problem: Cross-Platform Applications for Interactive TV ............................. 2 1.2. Objectives........................................................................................................................... 2 1.3. Methodology ...................................................................................................................... 3 1.4. Contributions...................................................................................................................... 3 1.5. Structure
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