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THE MILITARY VICI of NORICUM a Dissertation Presented to The THE MILITARY VICI OF NORICUM A Dissertation presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School University of Missouri-Columbia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy by SHANNON ROGERS FLYNT Dr. Marcus Rautman, Dissertation Supervisor May 2005 The undersigned, appointed by the Dean of the Graduate School, have examined the dissertation entitled THE MILITARY VICI OF NORICUM presented by Shannon Rogers Flynt, a candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, and hereby certify that in their opinion it is worthy of acceptance. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank past and present members of my committee for all of their help and support over the years in seeing this degree and dissertation come to completion: Marcus Rautman, Lawrence Okamura, Kathleen Slane, Charles Saylor, Ralph Rowlett, William Biers and Susan Langdon. I must single out my advisor, Professor Rautman, for his assistance and guidance in the preparation of this dissertation, and Professor Okamura, for his constant friendship and encouragement over the years. I thank Professor Hannsjörg Ubl of the University of Vienna and Austrian Bundesdenkmalamt for his patronage during the summer of 1997 when I had the opportunity to participate in excavations at the legionary fortress of Lauriacum in Enns, Austria. It was there and then that the idea for this research project was born. I also thank the Fulbright Commission for the 1999-2000 Fellowship that allowed me to spend a year on the Norican frontier, visiting the sites and gathering information. Without that opportunity this dissertation would not have been possible. I must also thank my colleagues in the Department of Classics at Samford University. They have enthusiastically supported me over the last three years as I have lived two lives, dividing my time between my teaching and my research. Lastly, and most importantly, I must extend my most heartfelt thanks to my husband, Sean. For the duration of our marriage, I have been at work on this degree. He has been unwavering in his support and assistance and deserves a large share in the credit for this accomplishment. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................................................................. ii LIST OF MAPS AND FIGURES.................................................................................... v LIST OF PLATES ........................................................................................................... vii LIST OF TABLES...........................................................................................................viii ABSTRACT..................................................................................................................... ix INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1. Roman Frontiers Reconsidered ...................................................................... 5 2. A History of the Norican Limes ..................................................................... 19 3. The Norican Limes Fortifications and Their Vici .......................................... 29 Passau / Boiodurum / Boiotro .................................................................. 30 Oberanna / Stanacum ............................................................................... 39 Schlögen / Ioviacum ................................................................................ 46 Linz / Lentia ............................................................................................. 56 Lorch-Enns / Lauriacum .......................................................................... 62 Albing ...................................................................................................... 73 Wallsee / Ad Iuvense ............................................................................... 75 Mauer an der Url / Loco Felicis ............................................................... 80 Pöchlarn / Arelape .................................................................................... 82 Mautern / Favianis ................................................................................... 84 Traismauer / Augustiana .......................................................................... 108 Zwentendorf / Asturis .............................................................................. 112 Tulln / Comagena ..................................................................................... 118 Zeiselmauer / Cannabiaca ........................................................................ 122 4. The Character and Development of the Norican Vici ................................... 128 5. The Later History of the Vici ......................................................................... 159 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................. 172 BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................................... 176 MAPS AND FIGURES ................................................................................................ 189 iii PLATES ........................................................................................................................ 203 VITA ............................................................................................................................. 210 iv LIST OF MAPS AND FIGURES Map/Figure 2.1. The Province of Noricum ..................................................................................... 189 3.1. The Auxiliary Fort and Vicus of Boiodurum ....................................................... 190 3.2. The Fortlet of Boiotro .......................................................................................... 190 3.3. The Auxiliary Fort of Stanacum .......................................................................... 191 3.4. The Auxiliary Fort and Vicus of Ioviacum .......................................................... 191 3.5. The Auxiliary Fort of Lentia in the Altstadt of Linz ........................................... 192 3.6. The Legionary Fortress and Civilian City of Lauriacum ..................................... 193 3.7. The Civilian City of Lauriacum ........................................................................... 194 3.8. The Auxiliary Fort at Albing ............................................................................... 195 3.9. The Auxiliary Fort of Ad Iuvense ....................................................................... 195 3.10. The Auxiliary Fort of Loco Felicis ..................................................................... 196 3.11. The Auxiliary Fort and Vicus of Favianis ......................................................... 197 3.12. The Villa Rustica Excavated at Mautern ........................................................... 197 3.13. The Auxiliary Fort of Augustiana....................................................................... 198 3.14. The Auxiliary Fort of Asturis ............................................................................ 198 3.15. The Auxiliary Fort of Comagena ....................................................................... 199 3.16. The Auxiliary Fort of Cannabiaca ..................................................................... 199 4.1. Row Houses in the Vicus of Lentia ..................................................................... 200 4.2. Row Houses in the Early Vicus of Lauriacum ..................................................... 200 4.3. Row Houses in the Vicus of Comagena .............................................................. 201 v 4.4. Three Cellars Excavated at Mautern .................................................................... 201 4.5. Reconstruction of a Cellar Excavated at Mautern ............................................... 202 vi LIST OF PLATES Plate 3.1. Remains of the Eastern Gate of the Fort of Boiodurum ...................................... 203 3.2. Remains of the Interior Courtyard from Boiotro ................................................. 203 3.3. Remains of a Fan Tower from Boiotro ............................................................... 204 3.4. Site of the Vicus of Boiodurum ........................................................................... 204 3.5. The Line of the Defenses of the Fortlet of Boiotro .............................................. 205 3.6. Model of the Fortlet of Boiotro ............................................................................ 205 3.7. Site of the Fort at Oberanna ................................................................................. 206 3.8. Remains of the Fort at Oberanna ......................................................................... 206 3.9. Remains of the Fort at Ioviacum .......................................................................... 207 3.10. Remains of One of the Western Towers of Favianis ......................................... 207 3.11. Remains of a Wall of the Fort of Favianis ......................................................... 208 3.12. Remains of a Horseshoe Tower at Traismauer .................................................. 208 3.13. The Salzturm at Tulln.......................................................................................... 209 3.14. The Eastern Tower at Zeiselmauer ...................................................................
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