Véraison to Harvest Statewide Vineyard Crop Development Update #2 September 4, 2020 Edited by Tim Martinson and Chris Gerling

Around New York... Statewide (Tim Martinson) Welcome to our secondnd week of Veraison to Harvest. Last week we had some challenges getting back in the rhythm of sample collection and analysis. COVID-19 played a part – in that some samples were delivered to the AgriTech Ad- ministration building (Jordan Hall) instead of the Cornell Enology lab. This week has run smoother. After being sort of in the early stages of post-veraison last week (or some like Concord and Cabernet Franc were not quite there), this week’s samples (see fruit composition table p. 6) showed significant gains in maturity, led by the Minne- sota cold climate cultivars with juice soluble solids ranging from 18-21 °brix – about 2° ahead of last year, gaining about Itasca, the latest cold-climate variety released by the University of Minnesota’s 1.6° since last week. Hybrids were variable, ranging from breeding program, was harvested by Alice Wise’s program from her variety trial at the Long Island Horticultural Research and Extension Center in River- 12.0° to 18.8° Brix (1.3° ahead of last year). Many vinifera head, NY. varieties were hovering in the mid teens, but earlier vari- Photo by Alice Wise eties (Charonnay, Gruner Veltliner, and Lemberger) were up around 18° Brix – and 1° ahead of last year at this time. Long Island (Alice Wise) Natives (Concord, , ) hovered around 12° brix, but are +2.4° ahead of 2019. After a season of drought, the East End of Long Island has recently been experiencing occasional showers. In general Acids dropped a lot, led by a 5.1 g/l drop in the Natives – we need the rain. That said, it is just about at the time of but vinifera followed closely behind, averaging a 4.6 g/l drop year – around Labor Day - when cluster rot/fruit fly season in titratable acidity (TA). Hybrids lost 3.8 g/l on average. commences. The significance of this complex will depend Acids dropped more slowly in the cold-hardy Minnesota on the frequency and pattern of rainfall over the next few varieties, which dropped 2.1 g/l last week. But overall, TAs weeks. Currently, there is a smidgen of Botrytis and just a are ranging 3-6 g/liter lower than last year at this time. few fruit flies. However, birds have been ravenous so there Berry weight is variable – but seems to be on track with are definitely some damaged clusters around. Bird damage, what we saw last year – Not bigger, not smaller overall. grape berry moth damage, tight/compact clusters and thin berry skins are all contributing factors. Botrycides usually Thanks to Robin Ross of Arrowhead Spring Vineyards in help but sometimes seem to be easily overwhelmed when Niagara County near Lockport for contributing samples pressure is high. from her vineyard again this year. In the LIHREC vineyard, Itasca, a newly released cold hardy Finally, we highlight virologist Marc Fuchs’ effort to mea- hybrid from Minnesota, was harvested Sept. 3 (see photo). sure the impact of grapevine leafroll infections on Concord The 3 year old vines had a tough year between drought vines (page 5) with an experimental planting at Cornell Ag- stress and being ultra-exposed to the high winds/salt dam- riTech. age during the Aug. 4 tropical conditions. These vines are VSP-trained though their floppy habit suggests that they may be better suited to the high wire. We Brix tested a few

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Page 1 berries, they were consistently ~ 24°Brix. Have not yet tested the TA but it was moderate, probably 8-9 g/l. Harvest of fruit for sparkling wine is on the horizon. Earlier varieties at the LIHREC vineyard include NY81, a x Riesling hybrid, Zweigelt, Pinot Noir, Muscat Ottonel and Auxerrois. Auxerrois is a sib- ling of Chardonnay but has distinctly different flavors and is earlier ripening. It is also reliably susceptible to Botrytis, though fruit looks clean as of right now. There were no LIHREC vineyard tours this year. This is unfortunate as it allows vineyard managers, wine- makers and other professionals to taste fruit from both familiar and unfamiliar varieties. Last fall, some of the Finger Lakes Teaching Vineyard.: fruit ready for harvest at favorites included Grüner Veltliner, Vermentino, Mus- Dresden this week. The nets have been especially important this year to cat Ottonel, Malvasia Bianca, Albarino, Verdejo and deter bird damage. Photo by Hans Walter-Peterson Zweigelt. Speaking of new varieties, we planted Tan- nat, Fleurtai and Soreli, the latter two being disease re- that sugars bump up a bit higher and acidity drops a sistant hybrids with Tocai Fruilano as a parent. TF fruit little faster than they would otherwise. Monitoring can be tasty but the vines often do not set a large crop. fruit chemistry in year’s like this will be even more This in turn exacerbates vigor problems. Thus, if these important in making harvesting decisions, rather than hybrids can provide good yields of fruit that is at least relying on when something would normally be picked of equivalent quality – and they can thrive with fewer based on the calendar. fungicides – this may interest a number of growers. Lake Erie (Jennifer Russo) Finger Lakes (Hans Walter-Peterson) This week in the Lake Erie Region, harvest began to Warm and dry conditions have been predominating ramp up with , , Edelweiss, Elvira, the post-veraison period here in the Finger Lakes, and Marquette varieties coming off the vine. Concord which has helped to push Brix levels higher than usual growers have started taking samples into their proces- for this time of year, and acidity somewhat lower as sors and brix accumulation and sugars are tracking well. The higher sugar levels may also be the result of earlier than last year. One industry representative cropping levels being lighter than anticipated. Constel- reported that Niagara Brix are averaging at 10.8° and lation Brands said that Aurore came in lighter Concords at 11.0° across the belt. Also stating that at than expected and with significantly higher sugar con- this point in the season we are making a full °Brix ev- tent than anticipated. Our friends out the Lake Erie re- ery three days and have been doing so since last Mon- gion are seeing similar trends in Concords as well. The day, August 27th (see Concord Berry Curve, p 4). For weather conditions have also meant that there is very the month of August, the Cornell Lake Erie Research little in the way of cluster rots forming in the more sus- and Extension Laboratory in Portland, NY Network ceptible varieties like , Marquette and Pinot for Environmental and Weather Applications (NEWA) noir, which is great news for growers, but bad news for station reported that our average air temperature in °F our grape pathologist, Katie Gold (cue the sad trom- was 71°, with the maximum temp of 85.3° and mini- bone). There’s obviously lots of time left to go before mum of 55.2°. We recorded 2.83 inches of precipitation harvest is done, but it’s a good start and we’ll take it. and 55 hours of leaf wetness. The average maximum Speaking of harvest, we have started to see more ac- air temperature for month was 77.8° and the average tivity going on in vineyard blocks this week. In addi- minimum temp 63.0°. tion to some early red hybrids like Baco, some grow- There was some trepidation at this point, with concerns ers have started to pick Pinot noir for sparkling wine expressed about how quickly sugars are accumulating. this week also. At the Teaching Vineyard near Dresden, There are reports that Concord processors are looking we picked Marquette on Thursday and Friday, which at starting up on September 20th and Niagara start- was already at 23° Brix at the beginning of this week ing on September 14th. To keep abreast with what is (August 31). Last year at this time, we were at about happening in the Lake Erie region, check out the Lake 18° Brix. Next up will be our two seedless table grapes, Erie Regional Grape Program Extension team’s week- Marquis and Jupiter, as well as Diamond. ly podcasts. This week’s podcast covers the Executive The fall forecast from the National Weather Service is Order about deferring FICA in your business manage- still predicting higher than normal temperatures for ment. the northeastern US. If this bears out, that should mean Page 2 Hudson/Champlain (Jim Meyers) During the past week, GDDs have been accumulating at a historically average rate, keeping Champlain Val- ley vineyards well ahead of five year averages year- to-date (Figure 1). As shown in Figure 2, no vineyards are behind in growing degree versus last year, despite Hudson Valley having been behind up until last week. Precipitation remains behind vs 2019 in all vineyards. Figure 3 indicates that Champlain is ripening well ahead of this date in 2019. Figure 4 indicates good rip- ening weather in the coming week

Figure 2. Difference in cumulative Growing Degree Days (GDDs) and pre- cipitation between 2020 and 2019 as of September 4th. Each colored circle represents a farm location. Local CCE offices are represented by colored squares. Figure by Jim Meyers

Figure 3. Comparison of 2020,2019, and 2018 ripening at 16 vineyards in eastern New York. CV = Champlain Valley. HV = Hudson Valley. UHV = Upper Hudson Valley. Figure by Jim Meyers

Figure 1. Comparison of 2020 and historical cumulative Growing Degree Days (GDDs) in a representative vineyard from each of four sub-regions of eastern New York. Figure by Jim Meyers Figure 4. Six day growing degree-day (GDD) forecast for representative vineyards from each of four sub-regions of eastern New York. Figure by Jim Meyers

Page 3 Concord Berry Curve (Terry Bates) This week’s samples from the Cornell Lake Erie Re- search and Extension Laboratory show berry weight (top) again catching up to the 21-year average. Juice soluble solids (bottom) are running about a week ahead of the long-term aversge, and increasing rapidly.

Page 4 Concord Planting at Cornell AgriTech Tests Grapevine Leafroll Disease Impact Tim Martinson

August 31, 2020. Cornell virologist Marc Fuchs collects leaf tissue to test for Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus 3 (GLRaV-3) in an experimental plant- ing at Cornell AgriTech in Geneva, NY. Photo by T.im Martinson

Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaV) are serious pathogens of vinifera cultivars worldwide, and are associated with reduced yields, and delayed accumulation of juice soluble solids. In New York, a survey of Finger Lakes vineyards in 2008 showed leafroll virus infections to be widespread across several vinifera and hy- brid varieties. It also documented delays in juice soluble solid accumulations ranging from 3-5°Brix in Cabernet Franc. In New York and nationwide, the economic impact of leafroll virus is very significant. The impact of leafroll infections on Concord grapes has not been characterized. Virologist Marc Fuchs found that many commercial Concord vineyards are infected with GLRaV-3 (a common virus transmitted by mealy- bugs) – but without visible symptoms, apparent yield loss or significant delay in ripening to processors’ brix standards. Marc decided to plant a trial vineyard to compare performance of vines that were infected with GLRaV-3 and vines without the virus. To obtain virus-free vines, it was necessary to use shoot-tip tissue culture to eliminate the virus from infected vines. The vineyard, planted in 2015 and now in its third full cropping season, will be harvested at maturity, and both the yield components (yield, cluster number, cluster weight) and quality (juice soluble solids) as well as vine growth will be measured. The encouraging data so far from past year’s harvest is that there was no effect on juice soluble solids and a modest effect on growth and yield. This is good news, as the 20,000 acres of Concord grapes grown in New York constitute two-thirds of the grapes grown in New York. Many of the Concord vineyards have been in continuous production for over 50 years.

Page 5 Fruit Composition Report - 8/31/2020 Samples were collected on Monday, August 31, and include yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN). YAN mea- surements will be taken every two weeks. Next samples will be collected on Tuesday, September 8. Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Hudson Valley 8/31/2020 SW HV 0.95 18.8 3.12 13.4 214 Prev. sample 8/25/2020 SW HV 0.80 17.8 2.96 16.6 ’19 Sample 9/3/2019 SW HV 1.09 19.2 3.14 14.0 Cabernet Franc Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 E. Seneca 1.23 16.7 2.83 12.4 21 Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 W. Seneca 1.14 15.0 2.69 16.6 30 Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 Cayuga 1.23 14.7 2.79 14.5 36 Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 Dresden 1.12 15.7 2.82 13.6 11 Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 Lansing 1.01 15.4 2.72 16.2 30 Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 Keuka 1.10 14.5 2.65 17.4 26 Hudson Valley 8/31/2020 SW HV 0.99 15.7 2.91 12.0 98 Hudson Valley 8/31/2020 Central HV 1.32 12.0 2.97 11.4 74 Lake Erie 8/31/2020 Portland 1.20 9.7 2.69 24.9 155 Long Island 8/31/2020 LI-05 1.63 15.4 3.01 10.5 64 Long Island 8/31/2020 LI-09 1.26 12.9 3.01 12.6 149 Niagara County 8/31/2020 Niagara County 1.27 14.7 2.83 16.4 19 Average 8/31/2020 1.21 14.4 2.83 14.9 59 Prev Sample 8/25/2020 1.07 11.4 2.68 21.6 ‘19 Average 9/3/2019 1.23 12.8 2.84 19.4 62 Catawba Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 Keuka 2.00 12.1 2.49 23.7 38 Prev Sample 8/25/2020 Keuka 1.71 8.9 2.41 >30 ‘19 Sample 9/3/2019 Keuka 1.99 6.9 2.45 >30 Cayuga White Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 Keuka 2.82 14.6 2.92 11.0 183 Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 Cayuga 2.60 14.4 3.08 9.3 240 Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 Dresden 2.53 15.9 2.95 9.4 114 Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 Ithaca 2.17 14.2 2.70 15.6 88 Average 8/31/2020 2.53 14.8 2.91 11.3 156 Prev Sample 8/25/2020 2.32 13.7 2.85 14.7 ‘19 Sample 9/3/2019 2.66 14.3 2.73 14.8 113 Chardonnay Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 Cayuga 1.28 14.9 2.85 12.0 86 Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 W. Seneca 1.45 17.4 2.96 12.2 113 Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 Dresden 1.36 18.1 2.87 8.9 55 Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 Lansing 1.23 18.4 3.07 8.5 95 Long Island 8/31/2020 LI-03 1.73 16.0 3.07 10.7 226 Niagara County 8/31/2020 Niagara County 1.29 17.6 2.97 11.5 74 Average 8/31/2020 1.39 17.1 2.97 10.6 108 Prev sample 8/25/2020 1.26 15.1 2.90 13.5 ‘19 Sample 9/3/2019 1.41 14.1 2.90 15.2 128 Page 6 Concord Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 Keuka 2.69 12.9 2.87 10.2 84 Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 W. Canandaigua 2.66 12.1 2.79 12.3 122 Lake Erie 8/31/2020 Portland 2.64 12.1 2.88 13.8 212 Average 8/31/2020 2.66 12.4 2.85 12.1 139 Prev. Sample 8/25/2020 2.27 10.3 2.63 19.4 ‘19 Sample 9/3/2019 2.50 9.8 2.72 20.4 114 Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Champlain Valley 8/31/2020 S Champ. 1.30 20.0 2.85 18.5 250 Hudson Valley 8/31/2020 NE HV 1.03 20.8 3.09 13.9 278 Lake Erie 8/31/2020 Sheridan 1.12 17.1 3.02 19.8 444 Average 8/31/2020 1.15 19.3 2.99 17.4 324 Prev Sample 8/25/2020 1.22 17.2 2.89 20.8 ‘19 Sample 9/3/2019 Sheridan 1.18 16.6 3.06 22.7 469 Frontenac Gris Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Champlain Valley 8/31/2020 S Champ. 1.32 18.5 2.80 18.6 231 Prev Sample 8/25/2020 1.37 17.2 2.78 20.2 ‘19 Sample 9/3/2019 Champlain Valley 1.10 15.8 2.85 22.4 166 Gruner Veltliner Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 Dresden 1.28 18.3 2.93 8.1 80 Previous Sample 8/25/2020 Dresden 1.08 16.3 2.73 12.8 ‘19 Sample 9/3/2019 Dresden 1.26 13.9 2.81 11.5 41 La Crescent Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Champlain Valley 8/31/2020 Central Champ. 1.40 19.9 2.78 16.3 39 Champlain Valley 8/31/2020 Northern Champ. 1.37 18.8 3.02 14.2 257 Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 Geneva 1.36 23.9 2.92 16.8 107 Hudson Valley 8/31/2020 NW HV 1.50 21.9 2.85 15.6 90 Average 8/31/2020 1.40 21.1 2.89 15.7 123 Previous Sample 8/25/2020 1.27 19.5 2.90 16.8 ‘19 Sample 9/3/2019 1.12 17.1 2.87 17.6 68 Lemberger Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 Dresden 1.50 18.3 2.86 10.5 97 Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 Wayne County 1.98 18.0 2.97 10.8 236 Average 8/31/2020 1.74 18.2 2.92 10.7 166 Previous sample 8/25/2020 1.61 16.0 2.84 14.2 ‘19 Sample 9/3/2019 1.40 15.4 2.76 15.4 107 Malbec Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Long Island 8/31/2020 LI-06 1.98 15.0 2.93 14.0 154 Previous sample 8/25/2020 LI-06 1.74 12.0 2.81 22.0 ‘19 Sample 9/3/2019 2.10 15.6 3.11 14.5 170

Page 7 Marechal Foch Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Hudson Valley 8/31/2020 NE HV 1.20 20.4 3.18 9.6 145 Prev Sample N/A Marquette Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Champlain Valley 8/31/2020 Central Champ. 1.50 20.2 2.78 17.1 88 Champlain Valley 8/31/2020 Northern Champ. 1.46 20.0 2.92 15.1 262 Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 Dresden 1.26 23.1 2.88 13.0 151 Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 Ithaca 0.97 16.3 2.80 17.2 132 Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 Tones 1.31 20.7 2.93 14.2 316 Hudson Valley 8/31/2020 NE HV 1.38 21.9 3.24 11.7 292 Hudson Valley 8/31/2020 NW HV 1.52 18.7 2.93 15.7 389 Lake Erie 8/31/2020 Fredonia 1.33 19.8 3.10 12.2 356 Average 8/31/2020 1.34 20.1 2.95 14.5 248 Prev Sample 8/25/2020 1.30 18.6 2.86 16.9 ‘19 Sample 9/3/2019 1.23 17.1 2.90 17.3 214 Merlot Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Hudson Valley 8/31/2020 Central HV 1.29 15.5 3.34 8.1 109 Long Island 8/31/2020 LI-04 1.89 15.8 3.12 9.2 116 Long Island 8/31/2020 LI-10 1.54 14.5 3.19 8.4 181 Niagara County 8/31/2020 Niagara County 1.48 17.4 2.94 11.5 57 Average 8/31/2020 1.55 15.8 3.15 9.3 116 Prev sample 8/25/2020 1.34 12.1 3.01 13.1 ‘19 Sample 9/3/2019 1.65 16.6 3.21 10.1 89 Niagara Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Lake Erie 8/31/2020 Portland 3.17 11.7 2.93 9.7 121 Prev Sample 8/25/2020 Portland 2.95 10.8 2.78 12.5 ‘19 Sample 9/3/2019 Portland 3.58 12.3 2.91 12.3 101 Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Lake Erie 8/31/2020 Sheridan 1.53 14.2 2.98 14.8 326 Prev Sample 8/25/2020 Sheridan 1.34 12.2 2.79 19.2 ‘19 Sample 9/3/2019 Sheridan 1.47 15.1 3.00 17.8 242 Pinot Noir Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 W. Cayuga 1.21 15.0 3.01 9.2 84 Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 Ontario 1.54 18.1 3.00 9.5 100 Hudson Valley 8/31/2020 SW HV 1.08 17.2 3.36 7.2 338 Hudson Valley 8/31/2020 Central HV 1.26 16.4 3.51 7.6 146 Niagara County 8/31/2020 Niagara County 1.06 16.8 3.05 9.1 96 Average 8/31/2020 1.23 16.7 3.19 8.5 153 Prev sample 8/25/2020 1.05 14.7 3.06 11.1 ‘19 Sample 9/3/2019 1.08 15.3 3.07 14.4 231

Page 8 Regent Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 1.48 17.7 2.95 8.4 215 Prev sample 8/25/2020 1.39 16.5 2.93 10.4 ‘19 Sample 9/3/2019 TDV 1.62 19.3 3.15 10.0 63 Riesling Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 W. Seneca 1.27 15.1 2.68 17.2 67 Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 E. Seneca 1.23 12.6 2.74 16.3 131 Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 CL 90 Cayuga 1.21 13.8 2.76 16.3 178 Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 Keuka 1.04 15.3 2.73 15.6 70 Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 W. Canandaigua 1.16 13.0 2.68 19.3 125 Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 Dresden 1.04 14.2 2.65 14.9 72 Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 Clone 90 1.30 18.7 2.82 12.1 42 Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 Clone 239 1.20 16.8 2.85 12.8 100 Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 Clone 198 1.31 17.6 2.83 12.2 78 Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 Wayne County 1.18 13.3 2.71 18.9 210 Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 Lansing 0.94 14.8 2.66 16.8 47 Hudson Valley 8/31/2020 SW HV 1.31 15.3 2.97 10.3 101 Hudson Valley 8/31/2020 Central HV 1.13 14.0 2.94 12.0 154 Lake Erie 8/31/2020 Portland 1.47 13.6 2.85 15.6 194 Long Island 8/31/2020 LI-01 1.12 10.0 3.06 13.7 218 Average 8/31/2020 1.19 14.5 2.80 14.9 119 Prev Sample 8/25/2020 0.99 12.2 2.71 20.8 ‘19 Sample 9/3/2019 1.19 12.4 2.81 20.0 119 Sauvignon Blanc Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Long Island 8/31/2020 LI-02 1.14 14.5 3.03 12.0 166 Prev Sample 8/25/2020 LI-02 1.05 11.6 2.89 18.2 ‘19 Sample 9/3/2019 1.47 17.1 3.34 10.0 190 Seyval Blanc Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 Cayuga 1.23 16.5 2.97 9.2 149 Hudson Valley 8/31/2020 SW HV 1.83 19.0 3.04 8.0 97 Lake Erie 8/31/2020 Portland 1.57 16.3 2.95 10.9 182 Average 8/31/2020 1.54 17.3 2.99 9.4 143 Prev Sample 8/25/2020 1.58 16.3 2.90 11.8 ‘19 Sample 9/3/2019 1.78 16.3 3.00 11.5 130 St Croix Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 Geneva 1.72 19.5 3.07 8.8 161 Prev Sample 8/25/2020 Geneva 1.57 17.9 3.06 10.7 ‘19 Sample 9/3/2019 Geneva 1.80 15.2 2.92 12.6 142 Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Lake Erie 8/31/2020 Portland 1.40 12.0 2.73 16.0 94 Average 8/31/2020 1.40 12.0 2.73 16.0 94 Prev Sample 8/25/2020 Portland 1.32 11.7 2.62 21.5 ‘19 Sample 9/3/2019 1.41 11.7 2.60 25.2 83

Page 9 Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 Dresden 1.50 14.7 2.84 12.7 64 Prev Sample 8/25/2020 Dresden 1.18 13.2 2.75 19.1 ‘19 Sample 9/3/2019 Dresden 1.32 11.5 2.73 20.3 104 Vignoles Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm) Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 VSP Keuka 1.67 18.2 2.80 16.4 165 Finger Lakes 8/31/2020 R53V30 1.53 18.5 2.82 16.5 286 Lake Erie 8/31/2020 Portland 1.82 17.6 2.88 19.3 371 Average 8/31/2020 1.68 18.1 2.83 17.4 274 Prev Sample 8/25/2020 Portland 1.75 16.4 2.79 20.7 ‘19 Sample 9/3/2019 1.54 15.5 2.79 22.0 237

Tasting Rooms adapt to COVID-19

An astute observer driving around the Finger Lakes (or presumably other regions where there are wineries or craft breweries) will note that there are many outdoor tents set up to ac- comodate outdoor tasting, food service, and social distancing - all new requirements. The tents are one among many adjustments wineries have had to make to their business plans in the wake of COVID-19.

Tent set up at Lucas Vineyards, Interlaken, NY. Figure by Tim Martinson

This newsletter was made possible with support from the New York Wine and Grape Foundation, Constellation Brands, and USDA Federal Formula funding through the Cornell and New York State Agricultural Experiment Stations. Veraison to Harvest is a joint publication of:

Cornell Enology Extension Program Statewide Viticulture Extension Program Long Island Grape Program - Suffolk CCE Finger Lakes Grape Program Lake Erie Regional Grape Program Eastern NY Commercial Horticulture Program Copyright 2020 © Cornell University

The information, including any advice or recommendations, contained herein is based upon the research and experience of Cornell Cooperative Extension personnel. While this information constitutes the best judgement/opinion of such personnel at the time issued, neither Cornell Coopera- tive Extension nor any representative thereof makes any representation or warrantee, express or implied, of any particular result or application of such information, or regarding any product. Users of any product are encouraged to read and follow product-labeling instructions and check with the manufacturer or supplier for updated information. Nothing contained in this information should be interpreted as an endorsement expressed or implied of any particular product.

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