Archeological Investigations of Minute Man National Historical Park
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Archeological Investigations of Minute Man National Historical Park Volume I: Farmers and Artisans of the Historical Period Edited by Alan T. Synenki with contributions by: Jeannine Disviscour Alison D. Dwyer W. F. Fisher Martha Holland G. K. Kelso Joyce Lee Malcolm Nora Sheehan Cultural Resources Management Study No. 22 Division of Cultural Resources Management North Atlantic Regional Office National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Boston, Massachusetts 1990 Table of Contents Table of Contents List of Figures List of Tables Acknowledgments Chapter 1 Introduction Alan T. Synenki 1 Chapter 2 Methodology Alan T. Synenki 11 Part I: Farmsteads Chapter 3 A Historical Investigation of Household and Land-Use Change at the David Brown Homestead Joyce Lee Malcolm 19 Chapter 4 Archeological Investigations of the David Brown Farmstead Alison D. Dwyer and Alan T. Synenki 37 Chapter 5 Exploratory Pollen Analysis of Historical Matrices at the David Brown Homestead G. K Kelso 85 Chapter 6 Of Roads, Barns, and Stone Walls: Archeological Investigations of the Jonas Bateman Site Alison D. Dwyer and Alan T. Synenki 107 Chapter 7 A Historical Investigation of Household and land-Use Change at the Joseph Mason Homestead Joyce Lee Malcolm 135 Chapter 8 Archeological Investigations of the Joseph Mason Farmstead Jeannine Disviscour, Alan T. Synenki, and Nora Sheehan 153 Chapter 9 Exploratory Pollen Analysis of Historical Matrices at the Joseph Mason Farmstead a K Kelso 181 Chapter 10 Archeological Investigations of David Fiske's 17th - century "homestall" Alison D. Dwyer, Alan T. Synenki, and Nora Sheehan 195 Chapter 11 The Botanical Context at the David Fiske Homestead G K Kelso and W. F. Fisher 233 Chapter 12 Archeological Investigations of the Daniel Brown Farmstead Aison D. Dwyer, Alan T. Synenld, and Nora Sheehan 255 (continued net page) iii Table of Contents (cont.) Part II: Rural Industries Chapter 13 Documentary Research on the "site of supposed Blacksmith Shop" Martha Holland 277 Chapter 14 Archeological Investigations of the "site of supposed Blacksmith Shop" Jeannine A. Disviscour, Alan T. Synenki, and Nora Sheehan 287 Chapter 15 Documentary Research on the "site old hop house" Martha Holland 325 Chapter 16 Archeological Investigations of the "site old hop house" Nora Sheehan and Alan T. Synenki 333 Chapter 17 Functional Pollen Analysis of the "site old hop house" G. K Kelso 353 Chapter 18 Documentary Research on the Brooks Tanyard Martha Holland 359 Chapter 19 Archeological Investigations of the Brooks Tanyard Nora Sheehan and Alan T. Synenki 373 Chapter 20 Summary and Conclusions Alan T. Synenki 395 1 Appendix A Base Maps of Minute Man National Historical Park 401 Appendix B Artifact Totals by Site 411 References Cited 431 iv List of Figures Figure Page 1-1 Map of Massachusetts showing location of MIMA 2 1-2 U.S.G.S. map with the boundaries of MIMA identified. 3 1-3 Map of MIMA outlining various study areas. 4 3-1 North Bridge area of MIMA. 20 3-2 1754 Benjamin Brown survey plan of the northern part of Concord. 21 3-3 Tracing of a map of Groton Road, probably drawn in 1792. 22 3-4 Reproduction of Doolittle print depicting the skirmish at the North Bridge. 26 3-5 1868 W. M. R. French map of the George Keyes farm in Concord. 31 4-1 1989 Project photograph of the David Brown site. 38 4-2 1979 photograph of the house identified as the 1775 David Brown house. 38 4-3 ACMP composite map of the David Brown house site as exposed by Tremer. 40 4-4 Niche F-4, under the doorsill in Area 10 at the David Brown site as exposed by Tremer. 42 4-5 Plan of John Howland's 17th-century house in Kingston, Massachusetts. 42 4-6 Cobble area as uncovered by Tremer at the David Brown site. 43 4-7 Photograph of cobble area at the David Brown site, facing northwest. 44 4-8 Simon Brown's house and barn in the mid-19th century. 47 4-9 ACMP map of the David Brown site. 50 4-10 1852 H. F. Walling map of the town of Concord. 51 4-11 Photograph of Battle Lawn and its hay field taken sometime between 1883 and 1907. 53 4-12 David Brown composite site map. 55 4-13 Stereoscopic photograph of the 1875 dinner tent on the David Brown site. 56 4-14 Graphic representation of magnetometer value changes at the David Brown site. 64 4-15 Graphic representation of resistivity value changes at the David Brown site. 65 4-16 Plan view of Feature 7, the possible David Brown cellarhole. 66 4-17 Project photograph of the north wall of EU N1OW18.5 at the David Brown site. 67 4-18 Project photograph of the possible chimney base in the David Brown cellarhole. 68 4-19 North wall profile of Feature 7, the David Brown cellarhole. 69 4-20 West wall profile of EU N1OW15 at the David Brown site. 70 4-21 Plan view of Feature 8, the possible cobble roadway, at the David Brown site. 73 List of Figures (cont.) Figure Page 4-22 Photograph of Feature 1 at the David Brown site. 75 4-23 Plan view of Feature 1 at the David Brown site. 76 4-24 North wall profite of Feature 1 at the David Brown site. 77 4-25 Plan and profile views of STP S10E15, showing Feature 2 at the David Brown site. 79 4-26 Plan and profile views of seri, SlOW5, showing Feature 3 at the David Brown site. 81 4-27 Plan and profile views of STP S20E30, showing Feature 4 at the David Brown site. 82 4-28 Plan and profile views of SIT S23W17.5, showing Feature 5 at the David Brown site. 83 5-1 West profile of EU N1OW15 at the David Brown site with pollen sample loci indicated. 87 5-2 David Brown site non-arboreal pollen spectra. 88 5-3 David Brown site arboreal pollen spectra. 89 6-1 1989 Project photograph of the Jonas Bateman site, facing south. 108 6-2 1830 Hales plan of the town of Concord. 110 6-3 Map of the North Bridge area showing the locations of features mentioned in the text. 111 6-4 Photograph of the fieldstone wall and its associated fence taken between 1883 and 1907. 114 6-5 Jonas Bateman site map. 115 6-6 North wall profile of STP S2E0 showing fill deposits at the Jonas Bateman site. 118 6-7 North wall profiles of EUs S10E0, S10E5, and S10E10/11 at the Jonas Bateman site. 120 6-8 North wall profile of STP S25W40 showing the gravel deposit at the Jonas Bateman site. 122 6-9 West wall profile of Trench 1 showing Feature 1, the road, at the Jonas Bateman site. 124 6-10 East wall profile of EU S10E10/11 at the Bateman site. 126 6-11 East wall profile of part of Trench 1 showing Feature 2 at the Jonas Bateman site. 127 6-12 East wall profile of part of Trench 1 showing Feature 3 at the Jonas Bateman site. 128 6-13 West wall profile of part of Trench 1 showing Feature 4 at the Jonas Bateman site. 130 6-14 Plan of Feature 4 postmolds at the Jonas Bateman site. 131 6-15 West wall profile of part of Trench 1 showing Feature 5 at the Jonas Bateman site. 132 7-1 Project composite plan of Joseph Mason site. 136 vi List of Figures (cont.) Page Figure as drawn by Stephen Davis in 1779. 137 7-z ?13a pf Ephraim and Samuel Hartwell property 145 7-3 1967 MIMA plan of Lena KolyshIcin property. 146 7-4 1962 MIMA plan of Katherine McHugh land. 149 7-5 Detail of 1830 John G. Hales map of Lincoln. 154 8-1 Detail of Fairchild 1954 aerial photo of the Joseph Mason property. 156 8-2 Project plan of the Mason property. 157 8-3 Project photograph of the Wood House, erected in the 1950s. 161 8-4 Joseph Mason site map. 166 8-5 South wall profile of the Mason cellarhole (Feature 1) and EU N31E31. site. 167 8-6 Plan view of Feature 1 (the cellarhole) at the Joseph Mason Mason site. 168 8-7 Project photograph of the east cellar wall at the Joseph Project photograph of the north and west walls of the cellar at the Joseph Mason 8-8 169 site. Frequencies of selected artifacts within Feature 1 (the cellarhole) at the Joseph 8-9 169 Mason site. 172 8-10 Project photograph of EU N31E29 at the Joseph Mason site. 173 8-11 South wall profile of EU N31E31 at the Joseph Mason site. Spatial distribution map showing densities of occupational and post-occupational 8-12 174 artifacts recovered at the Joseph Mason site. Spatial distribution map showing densities of faunal material and redware recovered 8-13 175 at the Joseph Mason site. Spatial distribution map showing densities of phosphates recovered at the Joseph 8-14 177 Mason site. Spatial distribution map showing densities of creamware and pearlware recovered at 8-15 178 the Joseph Mason site, in the pasture west of the homelot. Spatial distribution map showing densities of redware recovered at the Joseph Mason 8-16 179 site, in the pasture west of the homelot. 9-1 South wall profile of EU N31E30 at the Mason site with pollen sample loci 182 indicated. with pollen sample loci 9-2 West wall profile of EU N32E30 at the Mason site 183 indicated. with pollen sample loci indicated.