An Expanded View of the Universe
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The Universe, Life and Everything…
Our current understanding of our world is nearly 350 years old. Durston It stems from the ideas of Descartes and Newton and has brought us many great things, including modern science and & increases in wealth, health and everyday living standards. Baggerman Furthermore, it is so engrained in our daily lives that we have forgotten it is a paradigm, not fact. However, there are some problems with it: first, there is no satisfactory explanation for why we have consciousness and experience meaning in our The lives. Second, modern-day physics tells us that observations Universe, depend on characteristics of the observer at the large, cosmic Dialogues on and small, subatomic scales. Third, the ongoing humanitarian and environmental crises show us that our world is vastly The interconnected. Our understanding of reality is expanding to Universe, incorporate these issues. In The Universe, Life and Everything... our Changing Dialogues on our Changing Understanding of Reality, some of the scholars at the forefront of this change discuss the direction it is taking and its urgency. Life Understanding Life and and Sarah Durston is Professor of Developmental Disorders of the Brain at the University Medical Centre Utrecht, and was at the Everything of Reality Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study in 2016/2017. Ton Baggerman is an economic psychologist and psychotherapist in Tilburg. Everything ISBN978-94-629-8740-1 AUP.nl 9789462 987401 Sarah Durston and Ton Baggerman The Universe, Life and Everything… The Universe, Life and Everything… Dialogues on our Changing Understanding of Reality Sarah Durston and Ton Baggerman AUP Contact information for authors Sarah Durston: [email protected] Ton Baggerman: [email protected] Cover design: Suzan Beijer grafisch ontwerp, Amersfoort Lay-out: Crius Group, Hulshout Amsterdam University Press English-language titles are distributed in the US and Canada by the University of Chicago Press. -
The Cosmos - Before the Big Bang
From issue 2601 of New Scientist magazine, 28 April 2007, page 28-33 The cosmos - before the big bang How did the universe begin? The question is as old as humanity. Sure, we know that something like the big bang happened, but the theory doesn't explain some of the most important bits: why it happened, what the conditions were at the time, and other imponderables. Many cosmologists think our standard picture of how the universe came to be is woefully incomplete or even plain wrong, and they have been dreaming up a host of strange alternatives to explain how we got here. For the first time, they are trying to pin down the initial conditions of the big bang. In particular, they want to solve the long-standing mystery of how the universe could have begun in such a well- ordered state, as fundamental physics implies, when it seems utter chaos should have reigned. Several models have emerged that propose intriguing answers to this question. One says the universe began as a dense sea of black holes. Another says the big bang was sparked by a collision between two membranes floating in higher-dimensional space. Yet another says our universe was originally ripped from a larger entity, and that in turn countless baby universes will be born from the wreckage of ours. Crucially, each scenario makes unique and testable predictions; observations coming online in the next few years should help us to decide which, if any, is correct. Not that modelling the origin of the universe is anything new. -
Quantum Cosmology of the Big Rip: Within GR and in a Modified Theory of Gravity
universe Conference Report Quantum Cosmology of the Big Rip: Within GR and in a Modified Theory of Gravity Mariam Bouhmadi-López 1,2,*, Imanol Albarran 3,4 and Che-Yu Chen 5,6 1 Department of Theoretical Physics, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain 2 IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain 3 Departamento de Física, Universidade da Beira Interior, Rua Marquês D’Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; [email protected] 4 Centro de Matemática e Aplicações da Universidade da Beira Interior (CMA-UBI), Rua Marquês D’Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal 5 Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan; [email protected] 6 LeCosPA, National Taiwan University, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan * Correspondence: [email protected] Academic Editors: Mariusz P. D ˛abrowski, Manuel Krämer and Vincenzo Salzano Received: 8 March 2017; Accepted: 12 April 2017; Published: 14 April 2017 Abstract: Quantum gravity is the theory that is expected to successfully describe systems that are under strong gravitational effects while at the same time being of an extreme quantum nature. When this principle is applied to the universe as a whole, we use what is commonly named “quantum cosmology”. So far we do not have a definite quantum theory of gravity or cosmology, but we have several promising approaches. Here we will review the application of the Wheeler–DeWitt formalism to the late-time universe, where it might face a Big Rip future singularity. The Big Rip singularity is the most virulent future dark energy singularity which can happen not only in general relativity but also in some modified theories of gravity. -
Asteroseismology with Corot, Kepler, K2 and TESS: Impact on Galactic Archaeology Talk Miglio’S
Asteroseismology with CoRoT, Kepler, K2 and TESS: impact on Galactic Archaeology talk Miglio’s CRISTINA CHIAPPINI Leibniz-Institut fuer Astrophysik Potsdam PLATO PIC, Padova 09/2019 AsteroseismologyPlato as it is : a Legacy with CoRoT Mission, Kepler for Galactic, K2 and TESS: impactArchaeology on Galactic Archaeology talk Miglio’s CRISTINA CHIAPPINI Leibniz-Institut fuer Astrophysik Potsdam PLATO PIC, Padova 09/2019 Galactic Archaeology strives to reconstruct the past history of the Milky Way from the present day kinematical and chemical information. Why is it Challenging ? • Complex mix of populations with large overlaps in parameter space (such as Velocities, Metallicities, and Ages) & small volume sampled by current data • Stars move away from their birth places (migrate radially, or even vertically via mergers/interactions of the MW with other Galaxies). • Many are the sources of migration! • Most of information was confined to a small volume Miglio, Chiappini et al. 2017 Key: VOLUME COVERAGE & AGES Chiappini et al. 2018 IAU 334 Quantifying the impact of radial migration The Rbirth mix ! Stars that today (R_now) are in the green bins, came from different R0=birth Radial Migration Sources = bar/spirals + mergers + Inside-out formation (gas accretion) GalacJc Center Z Sun R Outer Disk R = distance from GC Minchev, Chiappini, MarJg 2013, 2014 - MCM I + II A&A A&A 558 id A09, A&A 572, id A92 Two ways to expand volume for GA • Gaia + complementary photometric information (but no ages for far away stars) – also useful for PIC! • Asteroseismology of RGs (with ages!) - also useful for core science PLATO (miglio’s talk) The properties at different places in the disk: AMR CoRoT, Gaia+, K2 + APOGEE Kepler, TESS, K2, Gaia CoRoT, Gaia+, K2 + APOGEE PLATO + 4MOST? Predicon: AMR Scatter increases towards outer regions Age scatter increasestowars outer regions ExtracGng the best froM GaiaDR2 - Anders et al. -
Science in Nasa's Vision for Space Exploration
SCIENCE IN NASA’S VISION FOR SPACE EXPLORATION SCIENCE IN NASA’S VISION FOR SPACE EXPLORATION Committee on the Scientific Context for Space Exploration Space Studies Board Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS Washington, D.C. www.nap.edu THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. Support for this project was provided by Contract NASW 01001 between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors. International Standard Book Number 0-309-09593-X (Book) International Standard Book Number 0-309-54880-2 (PDF) Copies of this report are available free of charge from Space Studies Board National Research Council The Keck Center of the National Academies 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001 Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area); Internet, http://www.nap.edu. Copyright 2005 by the National Academy of Sciences. -
Multiple Star Systems Observed with Corot and Kepler
Multiple star systems observed with CoRoT and Kepler John Southworth Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK Abstract. The CoRoT and Kepler satellites were the first space platforms designed to perform high-precision photometry for a large number of stars. Multiple systems dis- play a wide variety of photometric variability, making them natural benefactors of these missions. I review the work arising from CoRoT and Kepler observations of multiple sys- tems, with particular emphasis on eclipsing binaries containing giant stars, pulsators, triple eclipses and/or low-mass stars. Many more results remain untapped in the data archives of these missions, and the future holds the promise of K2, TESS and PLATO. 1 Introduction The CoRoT and Kepler satellites represent the first generation of astronomical space missions capable of large-scale photometric surveys. The large quantity – and exquisite quality – of the data they pro- vided is in the process of revolutionising stellar and planetary astrophysics. In this review I highlight the immense variety of the scientific results from these concurrent missions, as well as the context provided by their precursors and implications for their successors. CoRoT was led by CNES and ESA, launched on 2006/12/27,and retired in June 2013 after an irre- trievable computer failure in November 2012. It performed 24 observing runs, each lasting between 21 and 152days, with a field of viewof 2×1.3◦ ×1.3◦, obtaining light curves of 163000 stars [42]. Kepler was a NASA mission, launched on 2009/03/07and suffering a critical pointing failure on 2013/05/11. It observed the same 105deg2 sky area for its full mission duration, obtaining high-precision light curves of approximately 191000 stars. -
Data Mining in the Spanish Virtual Observatory. Applications to Corot and Gaia
Highlights of Spanish Astrophysics VI, Proceedings of the IX Scientific Meeting of the Spanish Astronomical Society held on September 13 - 17, 2010, in Madrid, Spain. M. R. Zapatero Osorio et al. (eds.) Data mining in the Spanish Virtual Observatory. Applications to Corot and Gaia. Mauro L´opez del Fresno1, Enrique Solano M´arquez1, and Luis Manuel Sarro Baro2 1 Spanish VO. Dep. Astrof´ısica. CAB (INTA-CSIC). P.O. Box 78, 28691 Villanueva de la Ca´nada, Madrid (Spain) 2 Departamento de Inteligencia Artificial. ETSI Inform´atica.UNED. Spain Abstract Manual methods for handling data are impractical for modern space missions due to the huge amount of data they provide to the scientific community. Data mining, understood as a set of methods and algorithms that allows us to recover automatically non trivial knowledge from datasets, are required. Gaia and Corot are just a two examples of actual missions that benefits the use of data mining. In this article we present a brief summary of some data mining methods and the main results obtained for Corot, as well as a description of the future variable star classification system that it is being developed for the Gaia mission. 1 Introduction Data in Astronomy is growing almost exponentially. Whereas projects like VISTA are pro- viding more than 100 terabytes of data per year, future initiatives like LSST (to be operative in 2014) and SKY (foreseen for 2024) will reach the petabyte level. It is, thus, impossible a manual approach to process the data returned by these surveys. It is impossible a manual approach to process the data returned by these surveys. -
Photometry of Be Stars in the Vicinity of COROT Primary Targets for Asteroseismology
Comm. in Asteroseismology Vol. 143, 2003 Photometry of Be stars in the vicinity of COROT primary targets for asteroseismology J. Guti´errez-Soto1, J. Fabregat1, J. Suso2, A.M. Hubert3, M. Floquet3 and R. Garrido4 1 Observatori Astron`omic, Universitat de Val`encia 2 Instituto Ciencia de los Materiales, Universitat de Val`encia 3GEPI, Observatoire de Paris-Meudon 4Instituto de Astrof´ısica de Andaluc´ıa Abstract We present differential photometry of Be stars close to potential COROT pri- mary targets for asteroseismology. Several stars are found to be short pe- riod variables. We propose them to be considered as secondary targets in the COROT asteroseismology fields. Introduction The observation of classical Be stars by COROT will provide important keys to understand the physics of these objects and the nature of the Be phenomenon. In particular, the detection of photospheric multiperiodicity will confirm the presence of non radial pulsations (nrp) as the origin of the short term variability. COROT observations will allow the study of the beat phenomenon of nrp modes and its relation with recurrent outbursts and the building of the circumstellar disc. Our group is proposing the observation of Be stars as secondary targets for the asteroseismology fields. A sample of stars in the vicinity of the main target candidates is under study for this purpose. Hubert et al. (2001, 2003) presented the selected objects and performed a study of their short term variability using Hipparcos photometric data. We have obtained new ground based photometry with a more suitable time sampling to further characterize their variability. 2 Photometry of Be stars in the vicinity of COROT primary targets for asteroseismology Observations and data analysis Observations were done at the 0.9 m telescope of the Observatorio de Sierra Nevada (Granada, Spain). -
Big Rip Singularity in 5D Viscous Cosmology
Send Orders for Reprints to [email protected] The Open Astronomy Journal, 2014, 7, 7-11 7 Open Access Big Rip Singularity in 5D Viscous Cosmology 1,* 2 G.S. Khadekar and N.V. Gharad 1Department of Mathematics, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Educational Campus, Amravati Road, Nagpur-440033, India 2Department of Physics, Jawaharlal Nehru College, Wadi, Nagpur-440023, India Abstract: Dark energy of phantom or quintessence nature with an equation of state parameter almost equal to -1 often leads to a finite future singularity. The singularities in the dark energy universe, by assuming bulk viscosity in the frame- work of Kaluza-Klein theory of gravitation have been discussed. Particularly, it is proved, that the physically natural as- sumption of letting the bulk viscosity be proportional to the scalar expansion in a spatially 5D FRW universe, can derive the fluid into the phantom region ( < -1), even if it lies in the quintessence region ( >-1) in the non viscous case. It is also shown that influence of the viscosity term acts to shorten the singularity time but it does not change the nature of sin- gularity in the framework of higher dimensional space time. Keywords: Big Rip, dark energy, future singularity, viscous cosmology. 1. INTRODUCTION including a quintessence (Wang et al. [12]) and phantom (Caldwell [13]), and (ii) interacting dark energy models, by A revolutionary development seems to have taken place considering the interaction including Chaplygin gas (Ka- in cosmology during the last few years. The latest develop- menohehik et al [14]), generalized Chaplygin gas (Bento et ments of super-string theory and super-gravitational theory al. -
Science Fiction Stories with Good Astronomy & Physics
Science Fiction Stories with Good Astronomy & Physics: A Topical Index Compiled by Andrew Fraknoi (U. of San Francisco, Fromm Institute) Version 7 (2019) © copyright 2019 by Andrew Fraknoi. All rights reserved. Permission to use for any non-profit educational purpose, such as distribution in a classroom, is hereby granted. For any other use, please contact the author. (e-mail: fraknoi {at} fhda {dot} edu) This is a selective list of some short stories and novels that use reasonably accurate science and can be used for teaching or reinforcing astronomy or physics concepts. The titles of short stories are given in quotation marks; only short stories that have been published in book form or are available free on the Web are included. While one book source is given for each short story, note that some of the stories can be found in other collections as well. (See the Internet Speculative Fiction Database, cited at the end, for an easy way to find all the places a particular story has been published.) The author welcomes suggestions for additions to this list, especially if your favorite story with good science is left out. Gregory Benford Octavia Butler Geoff Landis J. Craig Wheeler TOPICS COVERED: Anti-matter Light & Radiation Solar System Archaeoastronomy Mars Space Flight Asteroids Mercury Space Travel Astronomers Meteorites Star Clusters Black Holes Moon Stars Comets Neptune Sun Cosmology Neutrinos Supernovae Dark Matter Neutron Stars Telescopes Exoplanets Physics, Particle Thermodynamics Galaxies Pluto Time Galaxy, The Quantum Mechanics Uranus Gravitational Lenses Quasars Venus Impacts Relativity, Special Interstellar Matter Saturn (and its Moons) Story Collections Jupiter (and its Moons) Science (in general) Life Elsewhere SETI Useful Websites 1 Anti-matter Davies, Paul Fireball. -
Chaotic Universe Model Ekrem Aydiner
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Chaotic universe model Ekrem Aydiner In this study, we consider nonlinear interactions between components such as dark energy, dark matter, matter and radiation in the framework of the Friedman-Robertson-Walker space-time and propose a simple interaction model based on the time evolution of the densities of these components. Received: 28 July 2017 By using this model we show that these interactions can be given by Lotka-Volterra type equations. We numerically solve these coupling equations and show that interaction dynamics between dark Accepted: 15 December 2017 energy-dark matter-matter or dark energy-dark matter-matter-radiation has a strange attractor for Published: xx xx xxxx 0 > wde >−1, wdm ≥ 0, wm ≥ 0 and wr ≥ 0 values. These strange attractors with the positive Lyapunov exponent clearly show that chaotic dynamics appears in the time evolution of the densities. These results provide that the time evolution of the universe is chaotic. The present model may have potential to solve some of the cosmological problems such as the singularity, cosmic coincidence, big crunch, big rip, horizon, oscillation, the emergence of the galaxies, matter distribution and large-scale organization of the universe. The model also connects between dynamics of the competing species in biological systems and dynamics of the time evolution of the universe and ofers a new perspective and a new diferent scenario for the universe evolution. Te formation, structure, dynamics and evolution of the universe has always been of interest. It is commonly accepted that modern cosmology began with the publication of Einstein’s seminal article in 19171. -
2014 Science with the Hubble Space
Beyond HST: The Universe in High-Definition – UVOIR Space Astronomy in 2030 Julianne Dalcanton & Marc Postman Science with HST IV Meeting Rome, Italy March 18, 2014 Long History of Large Space UVOIR Telescope Concepts • VLST – 10m-16m concept (ca. 1989) • SUVO – 4m concept (ca. 1998-1999) • Workshop on 10m - 30m VLST (2003) • MUST – 10m concept (ca. 2004-2005) • ATLAST – 8m-16m concepts (ca. 2008-2010) • EUVO – European 8m concept (ca. 2013) • Modular Assembled 20m concept (ca. 2013) Scientifically compelling for over 2 decades! (Average Aperture Diameter – 13.5 meters) “Can we find another planet like Earth orbiting a nearby star? To find such a planet would complete the revolution, started by Copernicus nearly 500 years ago, that displaced the Earth as the center of the universe… The observational challenge is great but armed with new technologies… astronomers are poised to rise to it.” - U.S. 2010 Astronomy Decadal Review This is a question whose answer is sought by all of humanity and the search will demand international cooperation. The path has been laid ! for characterizing Earth 2.0 Kepler Hubble Spitzer CoRoT Ground-based Coronagraphs Gaia WFIRST 30-m class telescopes TESS JWST PLATO !"#$%&'('$)*+%&'($,)(%&$+-%$%&'('./$ Thick Atmosphere Methane Oxygen Fraction with terrestrial planets = !Earth FractionWater with detectable biosignature = fBio OpticalIf : ! Near-Infrared $ f ~ 1 then D ~ 4m Earth Bio0'12'($('#-2%#$ 8-meterTel 16-meter The signature of life is encoded inf the < 1 then D 8m spectrum! Earthof the Earth$ Bio $ tel ~ 70 !Earth $ fBio << 1 then DTel ~ 16m a > 12 Earths $ 60 50 40 30 # 4 Earths 20 4-meter 10 of total integration time of total integration time 0 Above: Distribution of all FGK stars within 45 pc of the Sun Number of Exo-Earths in 1 year 2-m 4-m 8-m 16-m where a R=70 spectrum of an Earth-twin could be acquired Telescope Size in <500 ksec shown as a function of telescope aperture.