Ethno-Medicinal Uses of Promising Plants in Various Formulations in Cure of Ailments in Chhindwara District, Madhya Pradesh

Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal

Research Article Open Access Ethno-medicinal uses of promising plants in various formulations in cure of ailments in Chhindwara district, Madhya Pradesh

Abstract Volume 4 Issue 7 - 2016

Many plants play a vital role in primary health care in lives of rural people as they Rajiv Rai posses therapeutic properties. The present study had been conducted in Chhindwara Scientist F, Tropical Forest Research Institute, India district in state of Madhya Pradesh to document ethno medicinal uses of 50 species of plants, comprising of 41 genera and 27 families prevalent in six cluster of villages Correspondence: Rajiv Rai, Scientist F, Tropical Forest of tribal communities residing in Batkakhapa, Chhind, Haarai, Junardeo, Patalkot and Research Institute, PO RFRC Jabalpur MP Rated in cure of ailments such as Leucoderma, sun-stroke, skin burn, skin disease, (Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education), Tel 91 boils, baldness and hair problems, male and female impotency, leucorrhoea, lactation, 9479644205, Email [email protected] heart ailments, blood pressure, diabetes, intestinal worms, scorpion sting, snake –bite, jaundice, fracture and loss of appetite. The tribal community uses various formulations Received: October 08, 2016 | Published: December 28, 2016 such as, powder, paste, decoction, oil, juice, pulp and raw material etc. of root, bulb, tuber, seed, leaves, fruits of plant species, as being used by local inhabitants based upon local traditions which are vanishing among Bhariya and Gond tribes. This highly valuable knowledge being scattered, secretive, fast eroding prior to vanish needs proper documentation. This continuous erosion of this vital knowledge had renewed the interest and development of medicinal plant sector in India specially the state of Madhya Pradesh which has enormous amount of dense forest. The paper concludes that ethnic communities had vital knowledge on indigenous uses of medicinal plants utilizing various formulations in cure of various ailments.

Keywords: indigenous practices, ethno-medicine, formulations, bhariya and gond tribes

Introduction Pradesh such as plants in traditional medicine as prevalent among indigenous community of Bundelkhand region in Sagar district,3 Man had been associated with plants since the time of his plants used by Kol tribes in Rewa district,4 plants used by Baiga and existence. Medicinal plants play an important role on the lives of Gond tribes in Mandla district in MP,5,6 medicinal plants used by rural people. Use of plant based drugs in cure of various ailments Bheel tribes in Guna district,7 medicinal plants used by Bheel tribes in is as old as human civilization. Since time memorial mankind and Jhabua district,8 plants in medicinal use by Gond tribes in Khargone his civilization is dependent on plants for food, medicine, fiber. This districts,9 plants used in cure of various ailments by Bhilala tribes in knowledge of intimate relationship between man and plants around Alirajpur district,10 medicinal plants with indigenous uses by Sahariya his immediate surrounding has passed on through several hundreds tribe in Guna district,11 some traditional medicinal plants used by of generations. India is a good source of medicinal plants. The age Sahariya and Baiga primitive tribes in Madhya Pradesh,12,13 threatened old traditional interaction of people living in forest and forest fringes medicinal plants prevalent among Sahariya tribes in Chambal eco- with the use of their natural resources available in the surrounding region,14 conservation plan of tribal’s for medicinal use in Central of their habitat, eco-system, environment had developed traditional India,15 some unreported plants used by aboriginals in Betul district,16 1,2 knowledge on use of forest resources in human welfare activities. some indigenous uses of medicinal plants by Bhil tribes in Jhabua Most of these tribal communities who collect various forest produce district,17 management of key medicinal plants by local indigenous utilizes them for their own consumption, welfare of the community, as communities Gond and Korku tribes in Bori, Pachmarhi sanctuary and well as income generation for their livelihood. Inspite of the influence in Pachmarhi biospheres,18,19 ethnobotanical documentation of plants of modernization, cultural diffusion, most of the indigenous practices, in promising pockets of primitive tribes in MP,20 plants in prevalent as adopted by these tribal communities are still endowed with certain in herbal remedies amongst Bhil tribes of Bijagarh in West Nimar.21 belief.2 Chhindwara division of Madhya Pradesh is a vast emporium of Material and methods plant resources and is known to harbor rich thick forest and inhabited Study area by Bhariya and Gond tribal communities. They are mostly dependent on forests for their daily needs. A number of ethnobotanist’s had Ethno- medicinal data was collected during survey conducted in documented use of forest resources, medicinal plants in cure of the year 2014-2016 in six clusters of villages namely, Batkakhapa, various ailments in Madhya Pradesh. The ethno-medicinal studies Chhind, Haarai, Junardeo, Patalkot and Rated in Chhindwara district documented and reported in different tribal pockets of Madhya in state of Madhya Pradesh as shown in Figure 1. These localities are

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Pharm Pharmacol Int J. 2016;4(7):483‒486. 483 © 2016 Rai. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially. Copyright: Ethno-medicinal uses of promising plants in various formulations in cure of ailments in Chhindwara 484 district, Madhya Pradesh ©2016 Rai

spread from 21° 28’ to 22°49’ North (latitude) and 78°40’ to 79°24’ East (longitude) and over an area of 11,815km² of dense forest in state of Madhya Pradesh. The present investigation was carried out in during period 2014 September to 2016 February. The study was conducted by interviews followed by focus group discussions with local indigenous communities. During the visits a number of traditional herbal healers, elderly person of tribal communities, were contacted and information was collected through interview, observations and discussion held during field survey.

Figure 3 Use of formulations in cure of various ailments in Chhindwara district.

Figure 4 Showing contribution of plant parts in ethnomedicne. During the visits a rapport was made with number of elderly person of tribal communities as well as traditional herbal healers, who were contacted to collect the information and interviewed. The information documented for 50 prescription as presented in Table 1 from local vaidraj, traditional healers regarding the ethno-botanical data (Local name of plant, Family, plant part used, formulation in medicine in cure of various ailments) and were recorded for Figure 1 Map showing clusters suryed in Chhindwara district. descriptive response.22 The discussion revealed local name of species, plant part used, formulation of herbal drug used by traditional healers Documentation of medicinal plants and tribal communities. The specimens were collected, processed and The information from Local Traditional healers and local identified with help of flora. The specimens were collected, processed community was collected during periodic field survey being carried and identified with help of flora. The information recorded in field out in the study area identified based on distribution pattern of ethnic were further screened in laboratory as per work pertaining to Indian 23‒29 communities having folk knowledge. The local vaidraj or traditional ethno-botany and plants recorded. The information as genus of healers and people inhabitants in as observed during survey conducted plant species, local name, family, plant part used of plant species, were in use of medicinal plants growing around their habitat in formulation in cure of ailments prevalent among tribal community vicinity of forests. These medicinal plants were collected from wild. have been tabulated in the present investigation in Table 1. The local traditional herbal healers (vaids) had specialized knowledge Data analysis about availability of these plants (trees, shrubs, herbs, and climbers) as well as their seasonal availability, time of collection and collected Interviews and group discussions were conducted to gather roots, leaves, seeds and fruits in cure of various ailments and prepared information on plant uses, parts used, and modes of utilization. A herbal formulations for use as shown in Figure 2‒4. checklist was developed and used to determine what species were used to treat what kinds of diseases/disorders. Special attention was paid to record information from local vaidys, ojha and traditional herbal healers. Results and discussion In the present investigation, 50 plant species belonging to 27 families under 41 genera were documented which were being traditionally used in six cited clusters in Chhindwara districts. The herbal remedies are effective against 20 ailments such as Leucoderma, Figure 2 Contribution of plant categories in ethnomedicnal uses. sun-stroke, skin burn, skin disease, boils, baldness and hair problems, male and female impotency, leucorrhoea, lactation, heart ailments, Interview with informants of knowledge blood pressure, diabetes, intestinal worms, scorpion sting, snake–bite, The informants were asked about ethnobotanical uses from jaundice, fracture and loss of appetite. Among the prevalent plant 11 vaidraj and 23 other respondents ( tribal’s) for verification of species maximum plant contribution was recorded in six cluster of prescription who were inhabitat in six clusters of villages Batkakhapa, villages for herbs with 20 species (40%), followed by trees with 14 Chhind, Haarai, Junardeo, Patalkot and Rated in Chhindwara district. species (28%), climbers with 11 species (22%), shrubs with 4 species (8%) and grasses with 1 species (2%) as shown in Figure 2. The

Citation: Rai R. Ethno-medicinal uses of promising plants in various formulations in cure of ailments in Chhindwara district, Madhya Pradesh. Pharm Pharmacol Int J. 2016;4(7):483‒486. DOI: 10.15406/ppij.2016.04.00100 Copyright: Ethno-medicinal uses of promising plants in various formulations in cure of ailments in Chhindwara 485 district, Madhya Pradesh ©2016 Rai formulation being used by 50 species were grouped into formulation Acknowledgements used with number of species such as powder, paste, decoction, oil, raw, roasted etc. as shown in Figure 3. The contribution of plant parts The author acknowledges thanks to local inhabitant in cluster of of the 50 preferred species was maximum for leaves with 11 species villages, ethnic community and respondents. The author is thankful (22%), followed by use of seeds of 9 species (18%) as well as roots to Dr U. Prakasham IFS, Director TFRI for providing various with 9 species (18%), followed by use of bark with 5 species (10%), facilities from organization for conducting the studies. The author followed by use of whole plant (Panchang) with 4 species (8%), further acknowledges Director General M.P. Council of Science and followed by use of fruits with 03 species (6%), as well as use of wood Technology, Bhopal for financial assistance in conducting the study. with 03 species (6%), followed by use of rhizome with 2 species (4%), followed by use of bulb, flower, tuber and stem with 1 species each of Conflict of interest four parts (2%) of their contribution as shown in Figure 4. Author declares that there is no conflict of interest. The information recorded during survey revealed that tribal References and other local inhabitants had sound knowledge about the uses of medicinal plants in different clusters in Chhindwara district in Satpura 1. Gadgil M, Berkest F, Folke C. 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