Bess of Hardwick in the Peak District
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Elizabethan England C.1568-1603
Elizabethan England c.1568-1603 Revision Guide Elizabeth I Red Amber Green 1568-1603 Problems Elizabeth faced when she came to the throne Religious policies o Religious Settlement o Harsh policies towards Catholics e.g. Recusancy fines, Act against Jesuits o Problems from Puritans Foreign Policy o Aims – make peace with France and regain Calais o Scotland o Mary Queen of Scots plots e.g. Babington o Spain o Armada 1588, 1596, 1599 o Explorers Society o Population rose significantly by 1603 it was 4 million o Distinction between the impotent, idle and the deserving o Poor Relief Acts o Great Chain of Being Government o Privy Council – responsible for policy advice o Favourites o Factionalism o Number of JPs increased – average of 50 per county o Growing conflict in courts o Elizabeth disliked MPs discussing the succession this was her royal prerogative o Peter Wentworth was imprisoned for demanding freedom of speech Rebellions o Northern Earls o Essex’s Rebellion Golden Age Hardwick Hall Life before being queen In the last years of her dads reign Elizabeth enjoyed a stable environment around the court of his last wife, Catherine Parr. It was at this time that Elizabeth developed her religious beliefs – moderate Protestantism within the Church of England that her father had created. Elizabeth was legitimised in the Succession Act of 1544. Elizabeth played no part in the plan to change the succession in 1553 to Lady Jane Grey. However, the accession of Mary I in July 1553 immediately caused Elizabeth a problem – namely, her sister’s Catholic faith and the determination to impose this on her subjects. -
Michelle Smith Eversheds LLP Bridgewater
Michelle Smith Our Ref: APP/R1010/A/14/2212093 Eversheds LLP Bridgewater Place Water Lane LEEDS LS11 5DR 12 March 2015 Dear Madam TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING ACT 1990 (SECTION 78) APPEAL BY ROSELAND COMMUNITY WINDFARM LLP: LAND EAST OF ROTHERHAM ROAD, BOLSOVER, DERBYSHIRE APPLICATION REF: 12/00159/FULEA 1. I am directed by the Secretary of State to say that consideration has been given to the report of the Inspector, Paul K Jackson BArch (Hons) RIBA, who held a public local inquiry which opened on 4 November 2014 into your client’s appeal against the decision of Bolsover District Council (the Council) to refuse planning permission for a windfarm comprising 6 wind turbines, control building, anemometer mast and associated access tracks on a site approximately 2.5km south of Bolsover between the villages of Palterton and Shirebrook, in accordance with application reference 12/00159/FULEA, dated 25 April 2012. 2. On 20 June 2014 the appeal was recovered for the Secretary of State's determination, in pursuance of section 79 of and paragraph 3 of Schedule 6 to the Town and Country Planning Act 1990, because it involves a renewable energy development. Inspector’s recommendation and summary of the decision 3. The Inspector recommended that the appeal be dismissed and planning permission refused. For the reasons given below, the Secretary of State agrees with the Inspector’s conclusions except where indicated otherwise, and agrees with his recommendation. A copy of the Inspector’s report (IR) is enclosed. All references to paragraph numbers, unless otherwise stated, are to that report. -
Letter ID: 133 (URL
Letter ID: 133 (URL: http://www.bessofhardwick.org/letter.jsp?letter=133) From: Sir Robert Cecil (Court at Richmond); Sir John Stanhope (Court at Richmond); To: Bess of Hardwick; Date: 21 February 1602/3 Summary: Sir John Stanhope and Sir Robert Cecil write a letter to Bess (dowager countess of Shrewsbury) to accompany the letter bearer, Sir Henry Brounker, who the queen has sent in accordance with Bess and her granddaughter, Arbella Stuart's previous requests. It is clear by Arbella's declaration (ID 141) that some 'vain humours do possess' her mind and it is therefore difficult to 'resolve precisely what should be done' until Brounker can report further. Archive: Hatfield House, Cecil Papers, 135/151, fols 197-8 Delivery status: to Bess, not sent (i.e. a draft or contemporary copy) Letter features: Seal intact - no. Ribbon/floss – no. Hands: unknown scribe | archivist | Version: 1.0 Copyright Information All material is made available free of charge for individual, non-commercial use only. The copyright and other intellectual property rights in the transcribed letter text, metadata about the letters and the design of the letter display are owned by the University of Glasgow. You are permitted to access, print and download letters from this site on the following conditions: - use of all material on this site is for information and for non-commercial or your own personal use only; any copies of these pages saved to disk or to any other storage medium may only be used for subsequent viewing purposes or to print extracts for non-commercial or your own personal use. -
Cassandra Willoughby's Visits to Country Houses
Elizabeth Hagglund, ‘Cassandra Willoughby’s visits to country houses’, The Georgian Group Journal, Vol. XI, 2001, pp. 185–202 TEXT © THE AUTHORS 2001 CASSANDRA WILLOUGHBY’S VISITS TO COUNTRY HOUSES ELIZABETH HAGGLUND n , Cassandra Willoughby, a young woman of father and her late marriage, enabling her to travel I , began a series of journeys with her younger more widely than the majority of her contemporaries. brother Thomas. She recorded the details of her travels in a small notebook and continued to do so until , although after her marriage in her diary entries were largely restricted to a record of EARLY LIFE AND FAMILY moves between her husband’s estate in Edgware and Cassandra Willoughby was born at Middleton, their home in London. Warwickshire on April , the second child and The keeping of diaries and travel journals was only daughter of Francis Willoughby, by his wife, becoming fashionable at the time, and it was common formerly Emma Barnard. Her elder brother, Francis, for anyone travelling to record their impressions, had been born in ; her younger brother, even if they did so only for their own future Thomas, was born in . Middleton is near recollection. Books of instruction to travellers Tamworth, and the manor of Middleton had been in emphasised the importance of keeping records. The the family since . Middleton Hall, ‘a delicate and traveller ‘must alwayes have a Diary about him,’ wrote a delightful house’, according to Dugdale, is a James Howell, ‘when he is in motion of Iourneys ... medieval house, thinly classicised, and was the For the Penne maketh the deepest furrowes, and doth Willoughbys’ principal seat, although considerably fertilize, and enrich the memory more than anything less imposing than their secondary seat at Wollaton. -
Letter ID: 102 (URL: Copyright Information
Letter ID: 102 (URL: http://www.bessofhardwick.org/letter.jsp?letter=102) From: Bess of Hardwick (Chatsworth House, Derbyshire); To: Sir Francis Willoughby (Wollaton, Nottinghamshire); Date: 8 May 1594 Summary: Bess (dowager countess of Shrewsbury) writes to Sir Francis Willoughby regarding a land mortgage which she finds expensive in comparison with others he has offered to others. She agrees nonetheless, not because she wants his land, but because she desires the 'security of them that are to disburse this money'. Archive: Nottingham University Library, Middleton MSS, Mi C23 Delivery status: from Bess, sent Letter features: Seal intact - no. Ribbon/floss – no. Hands: unknown scribe | archivist | Bess of Hardwick | Version: 1.0 Copyright Information All material is made available free of charge for individual, non-commercial use only. The copyright and other intellectual property rights in the transcribed letter text, metadata about the letters and the design of the letter display are owned by the University of Glasgow. You are permitted to access, print and download letters from this site on the following conditions: - use of all material on this site is for information and for non-commercial or your own personal use only; any copies of these pages saved to disk or to any other storage medium may only be used for subsequent viewing purposes or to print extracts for non-commercial or your own personal use. - the content must not be modified in any way. - any use of the material for a permitted purpose must be accompanied by a full source citation. No part of this site may be reproduced or stored in any other web site or included in any public or private electronic retrieval system or service without the University of Glasgow's prior written permission. -
Appendix E Heritage Visitor Numbers
HS2 Consultation Response Derbyshire County Council Appendix E Heritage Visitor Numbers 1.1 There are a number of highly significant heritage assets that form a tourism cluster in the north east of Derbyshire. Hardwick Hall, Bolsover, Bolsover Castle and Sutton Scarsdale Hall contribute to this cluster. The full potential of these assets as part of a tourism cluster has probably yet to be fully realised. 1.2 Details of the current and projected visitor numbers for Bolsover Castle and Hardwick Hall have been provided by English Heritage and the National Trust respectively. Bolsover Castle, English Heritage. 1.3 The key facts in relation to Bolsover Castle are as follows: 1.4 “Visitor numbers for the year 2012-13 were just under 68,000. This years projected figures for the period 2013-2014 are at over 75,000 and we are currently ahead of this target. In terms of income generated, this is forecast at around £630,000 in 2013-14 period. Separate to this, income generated from hospitality (including weddings) was worth around £80,000 in the last financial year.” 1.5 “English Heritage is currently undertaking significant investment into the site as part of a £1million project due for completion by Spring 2014. This includes: • repair works to the Little Castle - reinstatement of the French doors to the balconies and the addition of furnishings, as well as providing fancy dress items and props for young visitors; • repair works to the exterior of the Castle; • repair works to the high-level wall walk surrounding the Fountain Gardens which is to be re-instated and open for visitors for the first time in almost 400 years.” 1.6 “In addition, new exhibitions and interpretation is being developed” as well as “the addition of a children's play park in the grounds.” 1.7 “Through this significant investment, we hope to further increase visitor numbers to the property, thereby boosting the local tourism economy and providing a lasting contribution to the Castle's future. -
Sew a Mini Gown for a Tudor Client
D&T & history KS2 LESSON PLAN Sew a mini gown for a WHAT THEY’LL Tudor client LEARN Establish your own fashion label and learn about l How to work historical fashions with towards a Adam Newman’s crafty idea design brief @3edmigos l Design a product to meet 3edmigos.creativeblogs.net a specification l Evaluate materials for a The Tudors is a classic topic, but after a few years away purpose from its mix of splendour and muck, I wanted to come back to it from a different angle: the opulence, colour l Learn sewing techniques and lavishness of the Tudor court. On a recent school and technical trip, my class ‘met’ Bess of Hardwick at the fantastic vocabulary Hardwick Hall in Derbyshire. Over the subsequent l Be aware of weeks, we ran our own Tudor fashion ‘brands’ and purpose and designed and made new ball gowns to impress our new audience client, Bess, all in time for fashion week. Considering and outlining START HERE MAIN LESSON how their ball gown will fit together is a problem-solving task in itself. You can purchase Having a context for 1|MATERIALS AND miniature mannequins this project helps PROPERTIES inexpensively online for taking enormously: ours was Before any dresses are made, measurements. Pupils can use historical. Pupils need you need to source the perfect material for your client. You can a working knowledge incorporate science enquiry and of the fashion of the knowledge at this stage, exploring time and our trip to the various properties of materials Hardwick Hall was and making reasoned choices really immersive and for the final product. -
Letter ID: 131 (URL: Copyright Information
Letter ID: 131 (URL: http://www.bessofhardwick.org/letter.jsp?letter=131) From: Bess of Hardwick (Hardwick Hall, Derbyshire); To: Sir Robert Cecil; Date: 6 February 1602/3 Summary: Bess (dowager countess of Shrewsbury) writes to Sir Robert Cecil to let him know that her granddaughter, Arbella Stuart, is prepared to 'make the party's name she favoreth known', as an enclosed letter from Arbella makes clear. Arbella trusts Sir Henry Brounker, who has spoken with her in the past, and asks that he be sent from the court to receive her statement in person. Archive: Hatfield House, Cecil Papers, 91/105, fols 190-1 Delivery status: from Bess, sent Letter features: seal, red wax, embossed with Bess's arms featuring the Hardwick cross (a saltire engrailed, in chief three eglantines, surmounted by a countess's coronet) Ribbon/floss – no. Letter packet - tuck and fold Hands: Scribe C | unknown scribe | archivist | Scribe B | Bess of Hardwick | Version: 1.0 Copyright Information All material is made available free of charge for individual, non-commercial use only. The copyright and other intellectual property rights in the transcribed letter text, metadata about the letters and the design of the letter display are owned by the University of Glasgow. You are permitted to access, print and download letters from this site on the following conditions: - use of all material on this site is for information and for non-commercial or your own personal use only; any copies of these pages saved to disk or to any other storage medium may only be used for subsequent viewing purposes or to print extracts for non-commercial or your own personal use. -
Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment of Shale Gas in the UK
Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment of Shale Gas in the UK A thesis submitted to The University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Science and Engineering 2017 Jasmin Cooper School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science Table of Contents List of Tables 7 List of Figures 9 Abbreviations 10 Abstract 12 Declaration 13 Copyright Statement 13 Acknowledgements 14 Chapter 1: Introduction 15 1. Background 15 1.1. Shale gas and how it is extracted 15 1.2. Conventional gas and shale gas 19 1.3. Energy mix in the UK 22 1.4. UK shale gas 24 2. Aims and objectives 25 3. Thesis structure 26 4. Methodology 27 4.1. Goal and scope definition 27 4.2. Identification of sustainability issues and definition of indicators 29 4.3. Identification of electricity generation options 30 4.4. Definition of scenarios 31 4.5. Life cycle sustainability assessment 31 4.5.1. Environmental sustainability assessment 31 4.5.2. Economic sustainability assessment 33 4.5.3. Social sustainability assessment 34 4.5.4. Multi-criteria decision analysis 36 4.5.5. Data quality assessment 36 4.6. Conclusions and recommendations 37 References 39 Chapter 2: Shale gas: A review of the economic, environmental and social 48 sustainability Abstract 49 1. Introduction 50 2. Economic aspects 54 2.1. The US experience 54 2.1.1. Direct impacts 54 2.1.2. Indirect impacts 57 2.2. Other regions 58 3. Environmental aspects 61 3.1. Air emissions and impacts 61 3.1.1. GHG and climate change 61 3.1.2. -
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University of Warwick institutional repository: http://go.warwick.ac.uk/wrap A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of Warwick http://go.warwick.ac.uk/wrap/1200 This thesis is made available online and is protected by original copyright. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item for information to help you to cite it. Our policy information is available from the repository home page. 20 'that whyche ys nedefoulle and nesesary': The Nature and Purpose of the Original Furnishings and Decoration of Hardwick Hall, Derbyshire Two Volumes (Volume One) Gillian White A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the History of Art University of Warwick, Centre for the Study of the Renaissance March 2005 CONTENTS Volume One List of Tables and Illustrations page i Acknowledgements Declaration vii Abstract Chapter One: Introduction 1 Bess of Hardwick and Hardwick Hall 4 Existing Studies of Hardwick and the Scope for New Work 15 Chapter Two: The Social Architecture of Hardwick Hall 29 The Layout of Hardwick New Hall 31 The Layout of Hardwick Old Hall 34 The Social Organisation of Space at Hardwick 46 Chapter Three: The Furnishings of Hardwick Hall as Physical Objects 65 The 1601 Inventory and the Will of Bess of Hardwick 66 Wall-Hangings 80 Carpets 99 Beds 112 Furniture 136 Pictures 157 Conclusion 180 Chapter Four: The Furnishings and Decoration of Hardwick Hall as Iconographical Objects 182 The Assertion of Identity -
Guide to the Devonshire Collection Archives
Guide to the Devonshire Collection Archives Part 2 Estate Papers and Related Collections Aidan Haley Assistant Archivist Devonshire Collection 2017 Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 1. Archival Catalogues ...................................................................................................... 2 1.1. Collections originating from estate offices .................................................................. 2 1.2. Other Estate Collections .............................................................................................. 4 1.3. Derbyshire Mining Records ....................................................................................... 10 1.4. Maps and Plans .......................................................................................................... 11 1.5. Related Collections .................................................................................................... 13 2. A note on the accumulation of the Devonshire Estates ................................................ 16 3. A note on the management of the Devonshire Estates ................................................ 18 Summary of the Devonshire Collection Archive Estate Papers and Related Collections Introduction Founded in the 1540s by Sir William Cavendish, and reaching a peak of c.180,000 acres in the late 19th century, for the last four centuries the Devonshire estates have required considerable oversight and administration. -
The Ultimate Peak District & Derbyshire Bucket List
The Ultimate Peak District & Derbyshire Bucket List: 101 Great Things To Do 1. Embrace the great outdoors in the UK’s first National Park Established in 1951, the Peak District is the country’s oldest National Park. If you love the outdoors, this protected area of natural beauty - which covers 555 square miles in total - offers over 200 square miles of stunning open access land to explore. 2. Visit the ‘jewel in the Peak District’s crown’ at Chatsworth House Home to the Duke and Duchess of Devonshire, Chatsworth is one of the UK’s favourite stately homes. Discover over 30 magnificent rooms, a 105-acre garden, parkland, a farmyard and playground, and one of Britain’s best farm shops. 3. Conquer the tallest ‘Peak’ in the Peak District At 636 metres above sea level, you’ll feel like you’re standing on top of the world when you conquer the Kinder Scout plateau. It’s the highest point in the National Park and was also the site of the 1932 Mass Trespass, a landmark event which sparked a debate about the right to roam in the countryside, leading to the establishment of the Peak District as the first National Park two decades later. 4. Discover the UK’s oldest Ice Age cave art at Creswell Crags Walk in the footsteps of Ice Age hunters, uncover the secrets of early man, discover incredible Ice Age cave art and marvel at the UK’s largest discovery of ritual protection marks at this picturesque limestone gorge on the Derbyshire/Nottinghamshire border. 5.