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Assessment the Short-Term Effects of Wrack Removal on Supralittoral Arthropods Using the M-BACI Design on Atlantic Sandy Beaches of Brazil and Spain

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Assessment the Short-Term Effects of Wrack Removal on Supralittoral Arthropods Using the M-BACI Design on Atlantic Sandy Beaches of Brazil and Spain Marine Environmental Research 119 (2016) 222e237 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Marine Environmental Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/marenvrev Assessment the short-term effects of wrack removal on supralittoral arthropods using the M-BACI design on Atlantic sandy beaches of Brazil and Spain * Jenyffer Vierheller Vieira a, ,Ma Carmen Ruiz-Delgado b,Ma Jose Reyes-Martínez b, Carlos Alberto Borzone a, Angelico Asenjo c, Juan Emilio Sanchez-Moyano d, Francisco Jose García-García b a Departamento de Ci^encias da Terra, Universidade Federal do Parana, Centro de Estudos do Mar, Av. Beira Mar, s/n CEP 83255-000, Pontal do Sul, Pontal do Parana, Parana, Brazil b Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, ES-41013 Sevilla, Spain c Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Instituto de Bioci^encias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, CEP 78060-900 Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, Brazil d Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Sevilla, Spain article info abstract Article history: Wrack removal has been adopted indiscriminately, with no previous assessment of the ecological im- Received 18 March 2016 plications for sandy beach ecosystem. This study evaluated, through an M-BACI design, the effect of Received in revised form wrack removal on supralittoral arthropods on Atlantic sandy beaches receiving different types of wrack: 4 June 2016 mangrove propagules (Brazil), seagrasses and macroalgae (Spain). Impacted plots were contrasted with Accepted 10 June 2016 controls in 8 successive periods before and after experimental wrack removal. After the disturbance, Available online 13 June 2016 drastic decreases in the densities of the amphipod Platorchestia monodi, coleopterans Cleridae, Nitidu- lidae and Phaleria testacea (Brazilian beaches) and amphipod Talitrus saltator (Spanish beaches) were Keywords: Macroinvertebrates detected in the impacted plots. The recovery patterns of arthropods might be related to wrack features fi Wrack subsidies (amount, composition, and degradation) combined with density and species-speci c strategies (e.g. Disturbance mobility, feeding preferences) in each Atlantic region. The temporary suppression of wrack and its Experimental design associated fauna can have potential effects on the wrack-derived process and food-web structure on Supratidal sandy beaches. Beaches © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Atlantic coast Ecosystem management 1. Introduction mechanical operations (Davenport and Davenport, 2006; Dugan and Hubbard, 2010), which remove all litter generated by human Beaches worldwide are important spaces for leisure of the local activity, as well as wrack debris (Colombini et al., 2011; Defeo et al., population, tourists and recreational users (Defeo et al., 2009). To 2009; Dugan et al., 2003; Llewellyn and Shackley, 1996). The satisfy this public demand, local authorities have promoted and complete removal of wrack has attracted the interest of scientists in supported actions that attract and ensure the welfare of all beach understanding the ecological implications inherent to this man- users (Davenport and Davenport, 2006). Cleaning or grooming the agement practice (Dugan et al., 2003; Fairweather and Henry, beach is conducted, to improve the aesthetics, amenity and utility 2003; Gilburn, 2012; Llewellyn and Shackley, 1996). of these systems (Fairweather and Henry, 2003; Noriega et al., From an ecosystem perspective, wrack debris is a key element 2012). This management strategy involves several approaches for the maintenance of biodiversity (Harris et al., 2014) and func- that range from simple manual collection (using rakes), to tioning of sandy beaches (Barreiro et al., 2011; Defeo et al., 2009). Wrack deposits may be composed of several types of organic ma- terials (i.e., marine macrophytes, macroalgae, or propagules from * Corresponding author. mangroves) (Barreiro et al., 2011; Colombini and Chelazzi, 2003; E-mail address: [email protected] (J.V. Vieira). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.06.007 0141-1136/© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. J.V. Vieira et al. / Marine Environmental Research 119 (2016) 222e237 223 Gonçalves and Marques, 2011; Ince et al., 2007; Ruiz-Delgado et al., the whole supralittoral assemblages in the impacted plots 2014). Since sandy beaches have low in situ primary productivity, compared to control plots; 2) wrack removal would lower density their food webs are supported by allochthonous organic debris of supralittoral populations, particularly those species that use imported from the sea and coastal areas (Colombini and Chelazzi, wrack as food and/or shelter; 3) different recovery patterns of 2003; Nel et al., 2014). Besides being a significant food source, supralittoral arthropods in response to wrack removal are expected wrack debris provides beach fauna with a hospitable microhabitat on sandy beaches located in both Atlantic regions (southern Brazil for refuge, reproduction and growth (Colombini and Chelazzi, and south-western Spain) related to the differences in community 2003; Ruiz-Delgado et al., 2014). However, most beach users composition of species and composition of wrack debris. This work consider wrack debris as useless debris, or as an unpleasant is meant to help elucidate the effect of wrack removal at commu- disturbance (Fairweather and Henry, 2003). Usually this perception nity and population scales. is strongly influenced by the disagreeable odor from its decompo- fl sition, which attracts swarms of beach ies and buzzards 2. Materials and methods (Davenport and Davenport, 2006; McLachlan and Brown, 2006). Wrack removal may cause ecological problems by disrupting 2.1. Study area pathways of decomposition and nutrient exchange between ma- rine and terrestrial ecosystems. This exchange forms the basis for This experimental approach was conducted on four sandy primary production and food chains of nearshore waters (Dugan beaches located in two geographical regions (Fig. 1): southern et al., 2011; Barreiro et al., 2013). Moreover, this activity can alter Brazil (Parana State) and south-western Spain (Atlantic coast of the composition of supralittoral invertebrates (such as crustaceans Cadiz), in order to investigate, in a general way, the effect of wrack and insects), and therefore, affect beach trophic dynamics by removal (i.e. mangrove propagules, seagrasses and macroalgae) on reducing prey availability to higher trophic levels (bottom-up ef- local and global scales. fects), such as shorebirds, lizards, and rodents (Dugan et al., 2003; The coast of Parana has a humid subtropical climate and semi- Fairweather and Henry, 2003; Gilburn, 2012; Llewellyn and diurnal tides with spring-tide ranges up to 1.7 m (Lana et al., 2001). Shackley, 1996; Martin et al., 2006). Wrack removal also alters the Along this microtidal coast, two beaches were selected for this physical characteristics of the beach environment, mainly sediment study. Assenodi (253502400 S; 482200400 W) is an intermediate to properties, beach morphology, and morphodynamics and prevents dissipative, wave-dominated beach with fine sands and a gentle dune formation (Malm et al., 2004; Ochieng and Erftemeijer, 1999; slope Cem (253402400 S; 482001300 W) is a low-energy reflective fi Piriz et al., 2003). These physical modi cations can cause increasing beach, modified by tides with fine sands and a steep slope (Table 1). fi erosion of the beach pro le and loss of the frontal dune (Nordstrom Both beaches are bordered by typical coastal sand dune vegetation. et al., 2000). These beaches received wrack inputs composed by mangrove Most sandy beach studies related to human impacts have used propagules of Laguncularia racemosa, Avicennia shaueriana and ‘ ’ compare and contrast designs (e.g. Schlacher et al., 2008). In this Rizophora mangle from the estuarine system of Paranagua Bay type of design, the pre-disturbance situation is unknown, and in- (Borzone and Rosa, 2009; Rosa et al., 2007). ferences are made by simple spatial comparison between previ- The Atlantic coast of Cadiz has a dry-summer subtropical ously disturbed and undisturbed areas (Underwood, 2000). climate and semidiurnal tidal regime with a range up to 3.2 m Manipulative experiments are more suitable to determine cause- (Benavente et al., 2002). Levante (363303700 N; 61302700 W) located effect relationships between a disturbance and biological vari- in the outer zone of Cadiz Bay, is a dune-backed, dissipative beach. ables (Glasby and Underwood, 1996). The M-BACI design (multi- It is a wide beach, characterized by a gentle slope and fine-sized variate before and after/control and impact) is considered the most sand (Table 1). During the experiment, this beach received inputs appropriate sampling strategy for evaluating planned impacts of the seagrasses Cymodocea nodosa and Zostera noltii from seagrass (Downes et al., 2004; Underwood, 2000). This design includes beds located around Cadiz Bay. Cortadura (362805800 N; multiple control and impacted locations, which allow differenti- 61507700 W), situated in the southern part of Cadiz Bay, is an in- ating between the effects of impact and the background environ- termediate beach, backed by foredunes and low non-vegetated mental variation. Moreover, the treatments are compared in dune ridges. This beach is narrower than Levante beach and has a multiple sampling dates before (baseline samples) and after the beach profile with a gentle slope and fine sand
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